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THE   HISTORY   OF   ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 


The  Rev.  Timothy  Alden.  P'ouiuler  and   First  President 


ALLEGHENY-A  CENTURY 
OF  EDUCATION 


1815  —  1915 


BY 


ERNEST  ASHTON  SMITH,  Ph.D. 

Professor  of  History,  Allegheny  College 


MEADVILLE,  PA.: 
THE  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE  HISTORY  COMPANY 


Copyright  1916  by 
Ernest  Ashton  Smith 


\  o 


FOREWORD 

With  tlie  approach  of  the  one  liundredth  anniversary  of  the 
founding'  of  Allegheny  College,  it  seemed  essential  that  an 
account  of  the  experiences  of  the  century  should  be  i)repared. 
The  undertaking  presented  many  difficulties.  No  ))revious 
histon'  had  ever  been  written.  The  Board  of  Trustees  had 
long  favored  the  publication  of  such  a  detailed  work.  In  1012 
it  gave  official  sanction  to  the  author,  the  professor  of  history 
in  Allegheny  College,  to  issue  the  volume  and  appointed  a 
committee  of  sujiervision. 

The  story  of  the  college  is  not  confined  to  the  hai)penings 
upon  a  certain  limited  spot  in  a  growing  community  of  North- 
western Pennsylvania.  Allegheny  has  been  a  part  of  the  edu- 
cational expansion  of  the  nation.  Its  contributions  have  been 
made  over  a  wide  area.  The  institution  through  the  century 
has  stressed  character  coequally  with  culture  as  its  goal  of 
instruction.  The  college  in  successive  generations  has  been 
pre-eminently  a  potency  for  personality.  The  biographical 
element  therefore  bulks  large  in  the  volume. 

The  sources  from  which  the  book  has  been  prepared  are 
widely  scattered.  The  records  of  the  college  in  its  first  era 
were  kept  by  President  Alden  with  an  ideal  accuracy  and 
wealth  of  detail.  The  minutes  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  vary 
much  in  value  at  different  periods.  The  catalogues  of  the  col- 
lege extend  from  1837  on.  The  files  of  local  newspa])ers  from 
181.5  in  the  Meadville  Public  Library  gave  much  assistance. 
The  most  important  single  periodical  for  the  history  from  1834 
to  1880  has  been  the  Pittsburgh  Conference  Journal,  later 
the  PiTTsr.uRGii  Christian  Advocate. 

The  annual  minutes  of  the  Pittsburgh,  the  Erie  and  the 
East  Ohio  Conferences  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  the 
reports  of  the  Boards  of  Trustees  and  of  visiting  committees, 
the  Allegheny  Magazine,  published  by  Timothy  Alden  in 
1817,  the  reports  of  the  Superintendent  of  Education  for  Penn- 


sylvaniii.  Hazai-dV  1{i:(;istkr  of  1*knxsyi,vaxia,  tiles  of  the 
Cami'is  and  Ai.lkgiikny  Litkkauy  Monthly  have  sii]>i>lie(l 
information. 

An  autlientic.  brief  acconnt  of  the  ooUejie  was  preiKired  for 
the  United  States  Bureau  of  lOducation  in  its  Pennsylvania 
Hijiher  Education  nund>er  of  1!I02  by  Dr.  Charles  H.  Haskins, 
now  ])ean  of  the  (Iraduate  School,  Harvard  Tniversity  Other 
works  use<l  in  the  preparation  of  this  history  were  Alden's 
Missions,  the  Diary  of  William  Bentley,  A  Western  Pioneer  by 
Rev.  Alfred  Brunson,  The  History  of  Metliodism  in  the  Erie 
Conference  by  Samuel  (Iregji",  History  of  the  Erie  ("ouference 
by  Dr.  J.  N.  Fradenl)ur<;h,  Life  of  Bislio])  Matthew  Simpson  by 
George  B.  Crooks.  Life  of  Dr.  A.  B.  Hyde  by  Arthur  H. 
Harrop,  Ph.D..  and  Life  of  Martin  Buter  by  Ernest  A.  Smith. 

In  the  first  two  cha])ters  of  the  book  the  sympathetic  por- 
tion of  the  extensive  i)ersonal  delineation  of  Timothy  .\lden  is 
from  the  facile  ])en  of  F.  L.  LaBounty,  '07,  who  in  the  new 
Allegheny  has  had  a  leading  ])art  in  reviving  an  ai»i)i-eciation 
of  the  first  i>resident.  Among  other  alumni  who  have  aided 
nuiterially  are  Miss  Edith  Bowley,  '05.  and  J.  S.  l{obinson,  '11. 
in  alumni  biographies.  Miss  Yevn  Bash,  '08,  in  military  history, 
and  Miss  Alice  Cha])in,  'l."!,  in  literary  society  records. 

^lany  alumni  liave  been  most  gracious  in  jtersonal  inter- 
views and  cori-esi»ondence.  The  thanks  of  the  author  are  given 
to  Mr.  Frank  A.  Arter  'r4.  Hon.  Harvey  Henderson  "u.  Hon. 
Jas.  A.  (iary  '.~)4,  Dr.  M.  X.  Stubbs  '(;:i,  l»rof.  J.  1{.  Weaver  '0:5, 
Dr.  B.  F.  Bandol]»h  '<;s,  A.  (1.  Kichmond  '70,  (1.  W.  Loomis  '71, 
Dr.  A.  C.  Ellis  '7S.  Dr.  W.  A.  Elliott  'SO,  E.  L.  Mat  tern  '00, 
A.  J.  Eckles  '!»;j.  :ind   P.  W.  Darragli,  '0.*;. 

Much  gratitude  is  due  to  the  editorial  stall'  of  llie  Prirs- 
nriu;  Christian  AnvocATi:,  the  librarv  authorities  in  Pitts- 
loiigh  and  New  York  and  ALiyoi-  -lohn  K.  Peynolds  of  Mead- 
vilie.  .hnlgc  .1.  .1.  Henderson  of  the  P>oard  committee  l:as  been 
ludpful  in  counsel.  In\aiuable  aid  has  constantly  been  given 
by  President  >\'.  11.  Ci-awfoi'd.  to  whom  the  deejx'st  aj>precia- 
tion  is  exju-essed. 

.Mejidvide.  I'a..  .Inne  10.  PH.".  E.  A.  S. 


CONTENTS 


CHAPTER  I 
The  Vision  of  a  College,  ....  1 

CHAPTER  II 
The  Mission  of  the  Founder,       ....  29 

CHAPTER  HI 
The  Church  Patronage,  ....  67 

CHAPTER   IV 
The  Endowment  Campaign,         ....  97 

CHAPTER  V 
Mid  Century  Prosperity,  ....  133 

CHAPTER    VI 
Allegheny  in  the  Civil  War,         ....  159 

CHAPTER  VII 
The  Critical  Period,  .....  191 

CHAPTER  VIII 
The  New  Allegheny,         .....  225 

CHAPTER  IX 
The  Literary  Societies,     .....  255 

CHAPTER  X 
The  Greek  Letter  Societies,  ....  289 

CHAPTER  XI 
The  Faculty,         ......  345 

CHAPTER  XII 
Control  and  Cvirriculum,  ....  393 

CHAPTER  XIII 
Student  Life,         .  .  .  .  .  .  419 

CHAPTER  XIV 
Alumni  and  Former  Students,     ....  443 

CHAPTER  XV 
The  Centennial  Celebration,        .  .  .  .  541 


The  Rev.  William  H.  CrawforJ, 
President  1893- 


n.D..  LI,.r). 


DEDICATED 

TO 

WILLIAM  H.  CRAWFORD,  D.D.,  LL.D. 

IN  APPRECIATION  OF 

THE  MAN  WHOSE  SERVICES  HAVE 

MADE  THE  EARLY  VISION  OF 

ALLEGHENY  COME  TRUE 


The  Tribune  Publishing  Company 
Meadville,  Pennsylvania 


CHAPTER   I 

THE   VISION  OF   A   COLLEGE 

HE  pioneer  has  everywhere 
been  an  interesting  tigure. 
Under  all  skies,  in  all  places 
of  his  jonrneyini»s,  he  has  ha<l 
(pialities  in  connnon  with  his 
brothers  the  world  over.  The 
"honieseeker"  may  well  be  his 
title  in  all  tongues.  For  to 
seek  a  home  was  the  guiding 
Ihought  of  the  IMlgrim,  the  Huguenot,  the  frontiersman  and 
the  adventurer  of  the  western  plains.  And  home,  when  suc- 
cessfully attained,  means  a  few  very  sim])le  things.  Most  of 
all  it  means  a  i»lace  for  chihlren.  Its  thought  is  ever  forward, 
its  realized  jtrayer  is  in  the  health  and  happiness  of  the  next 
generation. 

>^o  one  understan<ls  sonu-thing  of  the  vision  of  the  American 
colonists.  They  dAvelt  in  thought  on  a  future  and  a  fairer 
day.  "For  our  children's  sake,"  was  the  yearning  of  their 
life.  Their  acts  and  their  words  were  burdened  with  the  idea. 
Nowhere  is  it  more  easily  traced  than  in  the  testamentary 
literature  that  showed  so  much  of  care  and  thought.  To 
draw  a  good  will,  nobly  i)hrased,  touched  with  aihnonition, 
tilled  with  beneficent  utterances,  engaged  nmny  a  man's 
thoughtful  hours.  It  was  the  last  expression  of  his  interest 
in  those  who  should  come  after. 

When  the  central  idea  of  any  people  is  a  solicitude,  not  for 
their  own  comfort,  but  for  the  welfare  of  the  coming  genera- 
lions,  very  definite  things  will  come  to  pass.  Churches  and 
free  schools  will  abound.  Foundations  will  be  laid  which  can 
come  to  completion  in.  some  future  date  beyond  the  span  of 
the  beginner's  life.  Much  as  the  modern  nnin  may  be  inclined 
to  smile  at  the  frontier  zeal  for  a  church  and  a  college,  the 

[   1   ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

fact  remains,  that  these  two  institutions  have  been  the  eternal 
verities  of  that  culture  alone  enduring  and  worth  while. 

It  is  true,  then,  that  edu<:ation  and  home  building  have 
gone  hand  in  hand  in  every  stage  of  American  colonization. 
The  seventeenth  and  eighteenth  centuries  saw  the  establish- 
ment of  the  mother  colonies  on  the  eastern  seaboard.  The 
sacrifices  there  exampleil  have  been  re])eated  in  the  foothills  of 
the  Alleghenies  at  the  beginning  of  the  nineteenth  century. 
The  middle  of  this  century  has  beheld  the  same  heroism  of 
struggling  i)eo]>les  re])eated  on  the  plains  of  Kansas  and  Iowa. 
Even  today  in  remote  islands,  in  continents  of  alien  faith,  men 
strive  to  set  a  new  ideal  of  home  life;  their  endeavor  inevitably 
rests  upon  the  e.stablishment  of  free  schools  and  colleges. 

The  seemingly  helpless  desire  of  a  frontier  village  in  1815 
for  that  beyond  its  possible  power  was  only  characteristic  of 
the  time.  The  union  of  that  desire  with  the  actual  coming  of 
the  man.  who  would  be  able  to  bring  the  miracle  to  pass,  will 
be  exi)lained  by  every  observer  after  his  own  habit  of  thought. 
The  realist  will  see  the  commonplace  relationshi})  of  Koger 
Alden  to  the  scholar  of  the  East,  as  the  only  cause  for  Timothy 
Alden's  coining  to  buibl  Allegheny  College.  Another  may  see 
in  the  uniting  of  a  great  desire  with  the  vision  of  an  un- 
I)aralleled  dreamer,  the  working  of  something  mystic,  some- 
thing above  the  prosaic  concerns  of  life.  To  become  ac(iuainted. 
witli  the  first  century  of  Allegheny  history  leaves  a  ])rofound 
impression,  that  somewhere  in  tlie  years  have  been  enforced 
strong  lessons  in  democracy,  vigorous  ideals  in  scholarship, 
and  a  full  fiow  of  the  humane  virtues  that  constitute  the  basis 
of  C^'liristian  civilization. 

AVitli  the  close  of  the  eighteenth  centiii-y  Ix'gan  the  great 
exodns  into  the  lands  beyond  tlie  monntains.  Connecticut, 
after  its  failnre  in  the  \\"yoming  \'allev.  urged  its  pioneers 
into  tlie  ^N'eslern  IJeserve.  Oilier  sections  of  New  iOngland 
sent  their  sons  in  tlie  jtatli  of  the  <()urse  of  em])ire.  Into 
X()rlii\vesterii  Pennsylvania  moved  men  from  the  interior  of 
the  State,  veterans  of  tlie  IJevcdutionai'y  war.  ^^'itllin  these 
liorders.  south  of  Lake  lOrie.  two  sharjdy  distinct  ty]»<'s  of 
IM'ople.   the   ^'allkee   and    the    remiamite.    became   the   settlers. 


mSTOK'V    OF    ALLK(JI1ENY    COLLEGE 

The  site  of  Meadville  seemed  clearly  indicated  by  J'rovideiice 
as  an  ideal  hx-ation  for  an  and)iti()ns  connnnnity.  George 
Washington  had  traveled  the  hanks  of  b^rencli  Creek  to  Ft.  Le 
Boenf  in  \7~>'.>  and  recorded  in  his  i)ul)lishe(l  Diary  of  1754. 
**\ve  ])assed  over  ninch  good  land  since  we  left  Venango,  [now 
Franklin]  and  throngh  several  very  extensive  and  rich  mead- 
ows, one  of  which,  J  believe,  was  nearly  fonr  miles  in  length 
and  considerably  wide  in  some  ])laces.'' 

David  Mead,  who  came  first  to  these  rich  meadows  in  1788, 
like  David  of  old,  was  a  man  after  the  Maker's  own  heart, 
when  sturdy  pioneering  was  to  be  done.  The  Lords,  the 
Keynoldses,  the  Kan(lol])lis,  the  Kennedys,  the  Huidekopers 
and  the  Aldens  were  the  sort  of  stock,  that  seemed  to  swing 
into  the  same  orbit  whenever  heroic  work  had  to  be  begun, 
whenever  the  ways  of  the  world  were  to  be  made  better,  or 
tlie  habitations  of  men  set  aglow  with  new  idealism  and 
higher  visions. 

It  was  indeed  a  remarkable  set  of  men  who  blazed  the 
white  man's  trail  in  Northwestern  I'ennsylvania.  It  was  a 
mixed  people — a  ])eople  whose  descendants  were  to  commingle 
and  beget  a  new  type  of  civilized  man,  known  in  all  the  corners 
of  the  earth  as  the  American.  It  was  Dutch,  and  English, 
and  French,  and  German,  and  Scotch,  and  Irish  met  together 
to  create  unwittingly  a  race  that  was  neither  Anglo-Saxon,  nor 
Celt,  nor  Frank,  yet  a  race  that  bore  the  traits  of  all  these 
peoples. 

The  settlement  at  Meadville  was  the  oldest  in  the  north- 
western part  of  the  State,  antedating  the  Presque  Isle  colony 
at  Erie  by  two  years.  The  David  Mead  Survey  at  the  junction 
of  the  Cussewago  and  French  Creek  was  opened  for  sale  on 
February  20,  1793.  In  the  first  year  seventeen  lots  were  sold. 
There  were  twenty-seven  new  ])urchasers  in  17<»4.  Mr.  Mead 
a])])arently  had  a  lively  and)ition  for  his  settlement,  for  in 
179.")  a  re-survey  and  enlargement  of  boundaries  were  made 
with  the  assistance  of  Dr.  Thomas  R.  Kennedy  and  Major 
Koger  Alden. 

The  mingling  of  the  races  may  be  detected  by  the  names, 
showing  on  the  early  list  of  citizens.     There  were  Van  Homes, 

[  ■>   ] 


HISTORY   OF   ALLEGHENY   COLLEGE 


M((iuffins.  Dnpravs,  Fiimeys.  Brooks.  Bruces,  Dick.s,  Gills, 
Lords,  and  Farreleys.  The  list  represents  a  stnrdy  people. 
Some  of  tlieni  were  men  of  cultivation  ;  all  of  them  were  full 
of  courage,  and  events  that  followed  proved,  that  there  was 
no  dearth  of  the  gentle  spirit  that  nuirks  the  gentleman  in 
any  station  of  life. 

Next  to  i»ersonalities.  the  aggressive  policies  of  the  Holland 
Land  Com]»any  did  most  for  Meadville.  Boger  Alden  was  its 
tiist  re])resentative  from  171).")  to  1S05  in  the  French  Creek 
N'alley.     Truculent  Major  Alden  I     The  early  annals  show  his 

name  at  the  head  of  every 
good  cause.  His  vigor  of 
min<l  left  its  mark  in  lu) 
uncertain  way.  He  was 
a  man  who  gloried  in  his 
jtast,  and  it  was  one  of 
which  he  miglit  well  \w 
]»r<)ud.  He  ha<l  made  an 
excellent  record  through 
oul  the  Bevolutiou.  hav- 
ing served  from  Lexing- 
ton to  Yorktown,  being 
Brigade  Majiu-  to  (Jen- 
eral  ILmtingdon  of  the 
Connecticut  Line.  So  it 
was  n(»t  strange,  that  lie 
came  to  tlie  frontier  in 
tlie  l)eginning  of  tlie  lU'W 
(•(Milui-y.  full  of  (hisli  and  conragc.  im|>atient  of  dchiy,  waspish 
1o  all  oi»]»osii  ion.  There  is  a  glint  of  humor  in  the  fact  that 
loi-  all  his  military  past,  the  only  wound  he  Ixti'c  was  one 
i-(*cei\('d  dnring  a  diu'l  on  the  hanks  of  I-'rench  Creek  in  ISO-i. 
Kogci  Aldcn's  enthusiasm  for  the  development  of  the  new 
icrritoiy.  coupled  with  his  zeal  for  men  and  inslilntions.  cer- 
tainly li<u-e  fruit  in  Crawford  County.  lie  planned  roads,  he 
Imilt  grist  mills,  lan  surv<'v  after  sui-vev.  and  led  in  every 
g»Mtd   "nterpi-ise.      It    is  easily  .seen   why,  by    1S14  l.~»,   the  need 


[   4    ] 


HiSTOijY  OF  alle(;heny  college 

of  a  oollcjje  wjis  very  real  to  this  sttirdy  son  of  New  Eiifflaud. 
A  thriving  educational  institution  to  jj;race  the  new  land — 
surely  learninj;  and  niatei-ial  proj^ress  well  may  <i<>  hand  in 
hand. 

The  villaj^e  in  its  ]>o]»ulation  of  scant  four  hundred  souls 
had  an  uncommon  ]»i'oi>ortion  of  jientlemen  of  liberal  culture, 
comjtared  with  other  ])laces  equally  new.  Here  resi<led  the 
I'residinj;  -lud^e  of  the  Northwestern  District,  two  Associate 
dustices  of  Crawford  County,  the  l)e])uty  Attorney  (leneral  of 
the  district,  five  lawyers  and  several  representatives  of  the 
land  com])anies.  The  Crawford  Messeufjer,  the  j>ioneer  news- 
l»ai»er  west  of  the  Allejiheny  river,  had  issued  weekly  since 
ISO.").  Meadville  prided  itself  on  its  "literati"  in  these  earliest 
years  and  there  existed  a  lively  community  consciousness  of 
intellectual  kinship.  Economic  prosperity  was  in  strong  evi- 
dence. The  Northwestern  Bank  was  opened  in  L'^14.  Craw- 
ford far  outstripped  all  its  neighbor  counties  in  the  number 
of  its  peoi)le.  Meadville  was  the  largest  place  in  all  the  north- 
west area.  A  score  of  skilled  trades  was  represented  in  its 
citizens  and  it  was  no  mean  business  center.  A  village  that 
doubled  and  trebled  its  population  in  a  decade  was  one  likely 
to  brew  enthusiasm. 

Thus  would  tlie  idea  of  a  college  fall  into  fertile  soil.  It 
carried  a  subtle  appeal  to  civic  pride.  To  be  sure,  in  such  an 
environment  of  expansion  and  forecasting  the  future,  the 
movement  might  be  inaugurated  a  little  ahead  of  necessity-. 
Education  in  those  days  had  not  been  promoted  as  it  should 
have  been,  but  an  institution  of  the  sort,  that  Roger  Alden  and 
his  associates  dreamed,  meant  that  there  were  days  of  stress 
ahead,  that  some  hearts  would  break  before  the  ultimate  end 
of  the  vision  could  ])e  realized.  These  men  who  dreamed 
dreams  were  dauntless  })ioneers.  Their  nn>tive  was  a  patri- 
otism tliat  refreshes  the  jaded  chronicles  of  today. 

AVhen  the  good  fathers  of  Meadville  began  to  sjteculate  as  to 
the  larger  educational  future  of  their  village,  there  was  one  of 
their  nund)er  confident  that  he  knew  an  eastern  man  with  all 
tlie  e{pii])ment,  that  goes  to  make  a  first  class,  idoneering  col- 
lege ]>resident.     First  of  all,  this  jtossible  college  head  had  a 

[   •">  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

noble  ancestry,  surpassed  by  none  in  America.  He  was  heir 
to  the  highest  traditions  in  scholarship,  then  or  now  boasted 
in  the  republic.  He  was  a  man,  burdened  with  a  passion  for 
making  waste  places  productive.  His  belief  in  his  country  was 
worthy  of  the  noblest  records  of  his  family.  Finally,  and  per- 
haps not  least  of  all,  he  had  by  the  grace  of  his  wife's  inheri- 
tance, come  into  possession  of  a  modest  fortune. 

Of  course  it  was  Roger  Alden  who  thought  the  scholar 
might  some  day  visit  Meadville.  What  followed  cleared  the 
redoubtable  Major  from  all  charges  of  nepotism,  for  the  story 
of  the  coming  of  Timothy  Alden,  a  scholar-dreamer  of  the 
East,  into  touch  with  the  frontier  hope  and  ambition  of  Mead- 
ville, is  one  that  has  taken  almost  a  century  to  vindicate  from 
Ihe  charge  of  failure. 

Y'et  in  all  the  record  of  these  educational  beginnings,  it  may 
be  said  that  no  man  in  Meadville  had  aught  else  than  the 
desire  of  the  patriot,  who  was  engaged  in  risking  his  all  in 
one  game  of  pitch  and  toss.  If  the  westerners  encouraged 
genius  to  come  into  their  midst,  it  was  but  asking  genius  to 
play  the  game  in  which  they  had  equal  or  greater  risks,  and 
no  more  .skill.  If  the  newcomer  staked  his  small  fortune,  their 
purses  and  their  lands  were  pledge  to  the  same  cause.  On 
the  part  of  every  participant  there  was  an  intense  belief  in  the 
future  of  all  America. 

So  in  the  fulness  of  time,  Timothy  Alden  of  New  York,  the 
cousin  of  Roger  Alden.  moved  to  Meadville  in  1815  with  the 
cherished  vision  of  founding  a  college.  He  was  a  native  of 
Yarmoutli.  Massachusetts.  Like  his  father  of  the  class  of 
17G2.  and  his  gran<lfather  before  him,  he  was  graduated  from 
Harvard  College.  I'revious  to  this  graduation,  which  occurred 
in  17!>4,  his  life  was  in  no  way  unusual.  His  birthday  was 
August  28,  1771.  His  childhood  was  spent  under  the  tender 
care  of  his  clergyman  father.  At  the  age  of  eight,  he  went 
1o  make  his  home  with  an  uncle.  Lieutenant  Joshua  Alden  of 
Bridgewater,  who  was  to  make  liim  his  heir. 

Just  wliy  the  arrangement  never  worked  out  is  not  clearly 
stated,  but  it  may  be  assuine<l  that  young  Timothy  did  not 
take  kindly   to  agriciiltural   pursuits.     A   Latin   grammar,   it 

[  <J  ] 


HIHTOKY   OF   ALl.KdllENY    COLLE(JE 

was  reported,  was  very  apt  to  }j;o  willi  llie  young  fanner  into 
the  field,  and  frequently  got  in  the  way  of  turning  the  straight- 
est  fui-rows.  The  literary  taste  gained  the  ascendency,  and  at 
the  age  of  sixteen  he  gave  nj)  the  claim  to  his  uncle's  farm  and 
entered  I'hillips  Academy  at  Andover  to  prepare  for  Harvard. 

The  table  of  descent  from  I'uritan  ancestors  is  shortly 
told.  John  Alden  and  Priscilla  Mullins  were  blessed  with 
eight  children.  Their  second  son  .loseph  married  Mary  Sim- 
mons in  1(507.  To  this  union  three  sons  were  born.  The  second 
of  these,  Joseph,  married  Hannah  Dunham.  Their  second 
son.  Eleazer,  married  Martha  Shaw  in  1720.  Their  youngest 
.son,  Timothy,  was  the  father  of  the  Timothy,  the  kinsman  of 
Iioger  Alden,  who  came  to  Meadville  in  1815.  the  descendant  in 
the  sixtli  generation  of  the  Pilgrims  of  IMymouth  Kock. 

Timothy  Ahlen,  Jr..  came  of  good  stock.  His  father  was  a 
remarkable  man,  attested  by  his  forty-nine  years'  service  as 
pastoi'  of  the  Congregational  Church  at  Yarmouth,  1769-1828. 
On  his  marernal  side,  the  descent  was  traced  back  to  John  Fox, 
the  martyrologist.  The  wife  of  Timothy  Alden,  Sr.,  was  Sarah, 
daughter  of  IJev.  Habijah  Weld,  a  Harvard  graduate  of  172o, 
whose  father  Thomas  had  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1671.  The 
mother  of  Habijah  Weld  was  the  daughter  of  Kev.  John  Fox, 
a  Harvard  graduate  of  161)8,  whose  father,  the  Kev.  Jabez 
Fox,  gained  his  diploma  at  Candu-idge,  Mass.,  in  1665.  So 
Timothy  Alden.  Jr..  traced  his  Harvard  lineage  to  his  great- 
gi-eai-grandfather.  who  became  a  Bachelor  of  Arts  within  the 
first  quarter  century  of  the  college's  history.  The  young 
student  of  the  nineties  gained  distinction  as  a  linguist.  He 
excelled  in  the  Oriental  languages  and  pushed  his  work  beyond 
the  regular  curriculum.  His  Commencement  oration  was  in 
Syriac.  It  is  a  tradition  that  T*resident  Willard,  knowing  not 
a  word  of  that  tongue,  called  upon  the  graduate  to  put  his 
address  into  plain  English,  after  which  it  received  the  official 
approval.  His  reputation  for  thorough  scholarship  is  well 
sultstantiated  in  the  carefully  preserved  note  books  of  his 
undergraduate  days,  and  in  the  and)itious  curriculum  of  the 
college  at  Meadville. 

Institutions,  west  of  the  Alleghenies,  can  be  very  generally 

[   T  ] 


HISTORY   OF   ALLEGHENY    COLLEGE 

related  to  some  eastern  prototype.  Allegheny  with  no  uncer- 
tainty owes  a  i)rofound  debt  to  the  mother  institution  that 
nurtured  its  Founder  so  well.  Whatever  of  worth  it  boasted, 
and  it  boasted  much,  was  an  inheritance  direct  from  the  ideal*^ 
that  arose  out  of  the  pious  vision  of  John  Harvard  and  his 
neighbors.  Timothy  Alden  came  to  Meadville  with  many 
gracious  gifts,  but  no  endowment  surpassed  the  splendor  of 
his  enthusiasm  for  his  native  land.  Of  all  the  things  Harvard 
was  teaching  in  those  days,  nothing  outshone  the  flame  of 
patriotism  that  she  kindled  in  the  hearts  of  her  sons. 

Shortly  after  graduation  in  1794,  Timothy  Alden  married 
Elizabeth  Wormstead.  Miss  Wormstead  came  from  a  family 
which  was  known  as  a  doer  of  deeds.  Her  father.  Captain 
Robert  Wormstead.  fought  at  Bunker  Hill  at  twenty-one;  at 
twenty-two.  he  was  with  Col.  John  Glover's  regiment  in  the 
memorable  crossing  of  the  Delaware.  At  twenty-eight,  he  was 
lost  at  sea  with  his  ship  off  the  Grand  Bank.  His  maternal 
grandfather  likewise  had  perished  at  sea  with  all  his  men.  The 
young  people  spent  the  early  years  of  their  married  life  at 
Marblehead,  where  they  shared  the  home  of  Mrs.  Alden's 
mother.  In  these  years  Mr.  Alden  conducted  an  academy. 
Then  came  a  period  of  graduate  work  at  Harvard,  with  other 
stiuly  of  theology,  before  his  ordination  to  the  Congregational 
ministry  in  1799. 

The  church  at  l*ortsmoutli.  N.  H.,  gave  him  a  call  to  be 
the  colleague  pastor  with  Rev.  Dr.  Haven,  and  his  installation 
followed  on  November  twentieth.  The  pastorate  did  not  ade 
quately  support  tlie  young  assistant,  who  was  com])elled  to 
eke  out  his  income  by  teaching  a  young  ladies'  school.  He 
held  on  for  six  years,  in  this  peri(>d  preacliing  two  notable 
sermons  that  were  printed  and  circulated.  One  was  on  the 
death  of  Washington,  the  other  on  Die  New  Century,  entitled 
"The  Glory  of  America,"  and  based  on  the  text  of  Isaiah 
XXX\':1.  "The  desert  shall  rejoice  and  blossom  as  the  rose." 
In  tlie  unicpie  J)i(iri/  of  William  Bciith'i/  of  Salem,  his  faithful 
friend,  tliere  are  graphic  glim[)ses  of  the  fortunes  of  Alden. 
His  comment  on  the  farewell  sermon  of  the  junior  pastor  in 
December.   ISO."),   was  ''Alden    was  starved   out   and   dismissed 

[   .'^  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLK(JlIi:XV   COLLKOE 

by  tlie  coiiscMl  of  both  ])art ics."'  >\'1kmi  a  few  nionllis  later  Dr. 
Haven  dies  at  the  a^e  of  seventy-nine,  the  DUirij  observes: 
"This  man  was  a  ^reat  imitator  of  Whitetield,  but  not  with 
snceess  amon<;  <2:oo(l  jndj^es.  Mnch  is  said  of  the  parsimony, 
whicli  lately  occasioned  the  resi.tiiiation  of  his  colleajjjne, 
Timothy  Alden." 

Alden  continned  nntil  1808  at  Portsmonth,  teaching'  an 
academy  for  both  sexes.  In  this  time  he  declined  calls  to  the 
pastorate  and  also  was  stron«ily  ur<;ed  for  the  chair  of  Ori- 
ental Langnaj^^es  in  Harvard  Colh'jije.  Upon  removinjf  to 
Boston,  he  conducted  a  female  school  and  became  the  Librarian 
of  the  Massachusetts  Historical  Society,  preparing;  a  valuable 
cataloijue  of  its  books.  Next,  at  Newark.  X.  J.,  on  Jan.  2.  ISIO, 
he  became  the  head  of  a  boardiuf;  school.  He  also  printed  the 
"New  Jersey  Rej!;ister  and  Calender,"  the  first  publication  of 
its  sort  for  the  state.  Our  Harvard  scholar  had  long-  been 
interested  in  anti(|uarian  research  and  was  intimately  asso- 
ciated while  in  Boston  with  Isaiah  Thomas,  whom  he  assisted 
in  the  oi-ganization  of  the  American  Anti(iuarian  Society  in 
1S12. 

The  bound  volume  of  the  catalogues  of  the  Newark  Academy 
whicli  he  issued  are  full  of  characteristic  touches,  that  show 
the  unworldly  and  idealistic  quality  of  the  man.  In  one  of 
them,  he  calls  to  the  attention  of  the  young  ladies,  that  he  is 
contemplating  the  publication  of  a  "collection  of  American 
Epitaphs  and  Inscriptions."  a.nd  asks  them  when  they  return 
to  the  "arms  of  their  friends."  to  help  him  by  various  contribu- 
tion in  this  field.  Speaking  of  the  religious  advantage  of 
jtondering  on  such  things,  he  commends  them  to  a  careful  con- 
sideration of  Gray's  Elegy,  and  asks  that  any  epitaph,  cele- 
brating the  memory  of  any  eminent  and  useful  life,  be  trans- 
mitted to  him  by  some  safe,  private  conveyance. 

For  all  this  antiquarian  zeal,  the  autumn  of  1812  saw  him 
on  an  extensive  western  trip.  Going  as  far  as  Cincinnati,  he 
came  back  after  seven  weeks,  convinced  of  the  great  possi- 
bilities of  the  western  resources.  A  ])amphlet  issued  upon  his 
return  to  New  York,  addressed  to  the  peoj)le  of  the  New  Eng- 

[  ^»  ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY   COLLEGE 

land  States  who  contemplated  removal  to  the  west,  commended 
in  glowing  terms  the  lands  of  the  Holland  I'urchase  in  the 
northwest  corner  of  I'ennsylvania,  a  strip  18  miles  south  of 
Lake  Erie  and  90  miles  north  of  Pittsburgh.  There  seems  no 
clear  evidence  that  Timothy  Alden  on  this  tour  visited  Mead- 
ville.  but  his  cousin,  the  Major,  probably  arranged  that  he 
should  be  given  an  agency  for  the  promotion  of  an  eastern 
migration.  The  Alden  circular  set  forth  easy  terms  of  pur- 
chase, and  served  as  a  letter  of  introduction  for  the  prospective 
buyers  to  the  western  office.  It  was  a  decided  penchant  of  this 
ingenuous  man  of  books  all  his  life  to  engage  in  enterprises 
similar  to  this,  but  of  the  many  business  ventures,  this  one  had 
the  supreme  consequence,  for  it  bound  his  interest  irrevocably 
to  the  town  beyond  the  mountains. 

Two  years  longer  he  lived  in  New  Y'ork  City,  opening  a 
school  for  young  ladies  and  making  a  catalogue  of  the  library 
of  the  New  York  Historical  Society.  The  entry  in  the  Bentley 
Diurij  of  Jan.  2."),  LSl-1.  reads:  "Alden  here  with  catalogue; 
he  succeeded  better  in  his  first  attempt  for  the  Massachusetts 
Society  than  in  this  second.  He  also  brought  the  project  of 
a  settlement  at  a  place  to  be  called  Aldenburg,  upon  the  Alle- 
gheny. 00  miles  from  Pittsburgh  and  about  :>0  from  l*res(iue 
Isle.  He  had  all  the  locations  and  plans  with  him."  In  this 
same  year  the  work  which  made  him  a  national  celebrity  as  an 
antiquarian,  "A  Collection  of  American  Epitaphs,''  was  pub- 
lished. He  moved  in  influential  circles  in  the  city,  but  the  call 
of  the  frontier  grew  more  strongly  upon  him.  Literary  matters 
had  now  progressed,  so  that  once  more  he  was  free  to  seek  his 
cducaTional  fortune. 

rpon  the  death  of  Mrs.  Alden's  mother,  a  comfortable 
fortune  had  fallen  to  the  family.  With  it  came  relief,  for  the 
time,  from  the  necessity  of  jiroviding  for  the  future.  So  with 
tlie  wife,  the  two  daughters  entering  young  wonumhood,  two 
stiri'ing  lads  and  a  baby  girl,  the  stout  hearted  visioner  was 
icady  to  face  the  wilderness,  to  enter  upon  that  which  by  the 
uiiconlrollalth'  situation  of  the  time  and  ]>lace  was  destined  to 

[   10   ] 


inSTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY   COLLE(iE 

make  one  of  the  siuldest,  yet  withal,  one  of  the  most  heroic 
stories  of  American  jnoneering. 

February  15,  1815,  saw  Timothy  Alden  and  his  family  set- 
ting out  from  New  York  to  devote  their  lives  to  the  cause  of 
religion,  literature,  and  science.  He  had  fortified  himself  with 
the  following  testinu)nial  from  the  celebrated  Mavor . 


^e/Jo^tZ^  <^«!^tvi^  /^^^    flj^  ^     <^t^ 
^^-^    %^    ^A".^    ^  ^^u^^-^-^-^^^^ 


/^^ 


■-^-p^-a^^^fC 


'tf 


«.<^L.— •'/ii 


^/: 


From  New  York  to  Meadville  in  181.")  was  no  easy  night's 
journey.  The  AUeghenies  were  in  those  days  something  of 
v.hat  was  im])lied  by  the  Indian  name — Thi'  Great  War  Path. 
The  journey  took  the  travelers  south  into  Mrginia.  then  north 

\    11    1 


Hlir^TORY  OF  ALLEGHENY   TOLLEGE 

}iiid  west  to  I'ittslnirgh.  AVlience,  with  keeled  boat,  tliev  iiuide 
tlieir  toilsome  way  ii])  the  Allegheny  and  French  Creek  to  tlic 
juncture  with  tlie  Gussewago,  where  they  were  at  last  in  the 
haven  of  llie  I'ort  of  Mead  on  A])ril  24. 


Taken   From  Note  of  Northwestern  Bank 

This  transfer  of  those  wlioni  he  cherished  most  from  the 
romforts  of  such  a  home  as  Mrs.  AldcMi  had  known,  to  such 
refinements  as  Crawford  County  atf()r(le<l  in  that  day,  sug- 
gests a  contrast  that  would  have  been  startling  to  a  lesser 
idealist.  The  bringing  of  the  family  upon  the  first  visit,  and 
the  necessary  sevei-ing  of  all  ties  with  eastern  friends  and  rela- 
tives was  for  Mrs.  Alden  a  risk  of  tragic  i)ossibilities,  as  wa^^ 
proved  before  ever  a  course  of  bricks  was  to  be  laid  on  a  college 
building.  Yet  tlie  sacrifice  is  one  never  to  be  forgotten  by 
those  who  have  come  to  sense  something  of  the  cost  involved  in 
establishing  an  institution  of  learning  on  the  frontier. 

It  wouhl  be  jdeasant  to  go  into  the  details  of  the  journey  by 
Conestoga  wagon  and  fiat  boat.  It  might  not  be  amiss  to  con- 
j(-cture  tlie  efiect  ol'  forest  and  hill  upon  the  minds  of  the 
toiling  wayfarers.  Thei-e  must  liave  been  hours  of  great  loneli- 
ness, nights  of  fear;  and  yet  days  of  great  glory,  i)articularly 
in  the  river  journey.  Out  of  that  slow  walei-  voyage  came  the 
name  of  the  new  college.  The  mountain  bari'ier  was  skirted, 
but  the  rivei'  was  traversed  oidy  by  gi-eat  laboi*. 

The  Allegheny  \'allev  is  impressive  even  today.  What  it 
was  a  century  ago  with  its  vii-gin  forests  ami  unmarred  banks 

[    1-'   1 


IIISTOUV   OF  ALLKdllKXV   COLLKdK 

may  lie  iiiiajiiiKMl.  Tlu*  new  <<)lU'}:;e  was  to  O(iuij)  men  for  thix 
ijicar  ivf^ioii.  watered  Ity  the  Allej;heiiy.  As  the  land  was 
serv<'(l  by  tlie  river,  so  tlie  cliildreii  of  men  slionld  drink  at  a 
f(nntain  of  leai'ninji',  l)earin<i-  the  same  name.  In  the  notion  is 
a  i)oetry  that  speaks  of  a  mind  aecinainted  with  the  i^entlest 
arts;  yet  a  mind  that  was  ea]>al)le  of  tlie  intensity  of  the 
Hebrew  exjtression  and  the  dii-ectness  of  the  (Ireek. 

The  Ckawfoki)  Wkkkj.v  Mi:ssi:.\(;kr  of  May  l:>,  1815,  con- 
tains an  ai>])eal  from  Mi-.  Alden  to  the  "Friends  of  -Instiee"  to 
assist  in  the  retnrn  of  a  chest  of  family  treasnres  lost  rn  route. 
It  Avas  the  first  ]>nblished  annonncement  of  the  easterners. 
One  may  readily  see  a  syndtolism  in  this  first  loss — it  was  not 
the  last  stroke  of  ill  fortnne  to  fall  n]»on  those  who  had  come 
to  risk  so  much. 

Fi'om  this  time  on,  Tinn)thy  Alden's  heart  was  seen  in  nearly 
all  ])nblic  affairs  in  Meadville.  He  came  in  no  sense  to  look 
over  the  prospects;  he  came  to  make  his  permanent  abode.  He 
was  soon  the  owner  of  land  ami  cattle.  His  sheep  were  lost, 
liis  black  bondsnmn  ran  away.  The  i>eri)lexities  of  frontier 
life  came  home  to  him  as  to  one  who  had  taken  np  arms  in 
earnest  against  the  wilderness. 

On  .lune  20,  1815,  when  forests  an<I  hills  were  again  clad  in 
green,  a  niunber  of  gentlemen  of  Meadville  came  together  to 
consider  "the  expediency  of  systematizing  a  ])lan  for  the  foun- 
dation of  a  Collegiate  Institution"  in  northwestern  I'ennsyl- 
vania.  They  met  in  the  u])])er  room  of  the  old  log  Court 
House.  The  casements  were  oj»ened  to  the  night  breezes,  while 
a  flickering  candle  here  and  Ihere  threw  the  shadows  of  the 
strong  men  into  striking  relief  \\\nn\  the  rude  walls.  David 
^[ead  was  there,  towering  six  feet  three  and  a  half  inches,  an 
impressive  man.  Major  Koger  Alden  of  course  ])resided — it 
was  his  right.  The  alTable  .John  Keynolds,  Esq.,  was  honored 
with  the  secretary's  chair. 

On  the  solid  benches,  were  men  like  the  gentle-hearted  Dr. 
Thomas  K.  Kennedy,  the  ehxpient  ami  scholarly  Patrick  Far- 
i-elly,  the  distinguished  and  urbane  Harm  -Ian  Huidekoi)er.  In 
their  midst,  with  watchful  (ye  and  shaping  hand,  sat  Timothy 

[  i:5  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY   COLLP:OE 

Alden — The  one  of  tliem  all,  so  full  of  vision,  so  impelled  by 
faith,  that  bv  the  virtue  of  his  work  alone  the  institutioti  the 


The  Log  Court  House  of  1815 

l»i<»neers  i)lanne(l  that  nij;ht  has  weathered  the  storms  of  a 
<-enturv.  and  bi<ls  fair  to  jro  on  endlessly,  fultilling  the  mission 
of  its  Founder. 

A  i)reand)le  to  the  business  of  the  evening.  si«i;niticaiit  an<l 
sonorous  as  an  educational  confession  of  faith,  was  first  read 
and  unaninHMisly  approved— 

"Be  it  known  to  all  whom  it  may  concern.  That  we,  whose  names 
are  affixed  to  this  instrument,  have  voluntarily  associated  ourselves 
together,  for  the  purpose  of  establishing  a  Collegiate  Institution. 

The  importance  of  advantages  for  a  classical  education,  and  the 
want  of  an  institution,  where  such  an  education  may  be  obtained  in  the 
extensive  region  watered  by  the  Alleghany  river  and  its  numerous  con- 
tributory streams,  and  destined,  in  all  human  probability,  to  be  over- 
spread, at  no  great  distance  of  time,  with  as  many  inhabitants  as  any 
interior  section  of  the  United  States,  of  equal  magnitude,  are  a  sufficient 
reason  for  awakening  our  attention  to  this  subject. 

The  example  of  our  venerable  ancestors,  who  early  made  provision 
for   the    liberal    and   pious    education   of  their   sons;   the    nature   of  our 

[    U    ] 


nisTOKV  OF  allk(juI":nv  C()lle(Jp: 

government,  the  welfare  of  which  depends,  in  no  small  degree,  under 
Almighty  God,  on  the  prevalence  of  knowledge,  virtue,  and  religion; 
the  eventful  period,  in  which  we  live,  plainly  indicating  that  the  time 
is  nigh  at  hand,  when  there  will  be  an  unprecedented  call  for  the  labours 
of  the  heralds  of  the  gospel,  afford  additional  arguments  on  the  expedi- 
ency of  our  present  undertaking. 

As  friends  to  the  best  interests  of  our  fellow  creatures,  and  influ- 
enced, as  we  trust,  by  a  desire  for  promoting  the  glory  of  God,  we  will 
cheerfully  exert  ourselves  to  lay  the  foundation  of  a  seminary,  in  which 
a  regular  course  of  the  liberal  arts  and  sciences  shall  be  duly  taught. 

From  the  patronage  we  hope  to  receive,  and  from  a  reliance  on  the 
smiles  of  Heaven,  we  indulge  the  expectation  that  our  endeavours  for 
the  literary  and  scientilick,  moral  and  religious  benefit  of  the  rising  and 
future  generations,  will  not  be  in  vain;  and  that  many  young  men  of 
genius  and  piety,  in  this  part  of  our  republick,  will  soon  enjoy  the  de- 
sired advantages  for  acquirin^^  such  an  education,  as  will  enable  them  to 
become  an  honour  to  their  country  and  a  blessing  to  the  world." 

First,  tlie  iiu'ctiiij'-  voted  to  name  the  seiiiiiuiry  *Alle^liaiiy, 
because  the  <;i-eat  part  of  the  region,  for  wliose  benefit  it  was 
designed,  is  watered  hy  tlie  ntnnerous  streams,  which  in  the 
aggregate  make  the  AUeghany  river.  Next,  Meadville  was 
selected  as  tlie  site  of  the  college,  and  the  lleverend  Timothy 
Ald(Mi,  lately  of  New  York,  named  as  president  and  professor 
of  Oriental  Languages  and  of  Ecclesiastical  History.  Kev 
Kobert  Johnston  of  Meadville  was  to  be  the  vice-president  and 
l)rofessor  of  Logick.  Metaphysicks  and  Ethicks.  These  two 
were  to  instruct  the  ''Probationers",  from  among  whom  those 
duly  qualified  were  to  be  admitted  to  the  first  Freshman  class 
on  July  4th,  181 G. 

But  the  concluding  action  of  this  liistoric  gatliering  in  the 
log  Court  House  was  the  adoj^tion  of  an  aggressive  three-fold 
program.  A  committee  was  appointed  to  prepare  an  address 
to  the  Legislature  of  I'ennsylvania,  ]>raying  for  tlie  granting  of 
a  charter  to  the  college.  Subscription  books  were  to  be  imniedi- 
alely  opened  by  the  Treasurer  John  Keyiiolds  for  donations  of 
any  kind  of  proi)erty.  wliich  would  be  useful  to  the  institution. 
Finally.  Kev.  Mr.  Aldeii,  soon  to  visit  the  Eastern  and  Middle 
States,  was  recpiested  to  solicit  gifts  towards  the  fcmnding  of 
the  prospective  Alleghany. 

*  "Allephany"   is  the  form  of  spelling  used  for  the  college  name  until  1833.  when 
"Allegheny"  was  taken 

[     l->    ] 


The  Original  Subscription  IJst 


IIISTOKV  OF  ALLi:(JIli:XV   COLLKCIK 

W'itli  what  f(M-v(')il  liltcralily  and  inleiise  J()(al  Juyaliy  did 
tlicse  associalcd  riiciids  of  letters  and  scieiif(!  pled<;e  tlieir 
financial  snpiiort  to  tlu'  new  fonndation  !  Mcadville.  thoujih  so 
small  a  village,  had  prided  itself  on  its  ;4vonp  of  self  styled 
"HtcnilV  and  right  royally  now  did  it  rally  to  the  standard  of 
ihe  leader  from  the  East.  The  snhseriptiou  list  is  a  roll  of 
lionor  Avliere  every  pnblic  s])irit(Ml  man  jtlaced  his  name. 

An  early  statement  of  the  plans  to  open  the  college  fol- 
lowed. In  the  Ckawfoki)  Messexgkk  appeared  this  advertise- 
ment : 

ALLEGHANY  COLLEGE. 

"It  has  already  been  announced  to  the  public,  that  a  number  of 
gentlemen  of  Meadville  had  associated  themselves  toijether  for  the  pur- 
pose of  establishing  a  college  in  this  town;  that  the  subscribers,  elected 
president  and  vice-president  and  professors,  are  to  be  sole  instructors 
at  the  lirst  organization  of  the  Institution,  and  that  the  tirst  Freshman 
class  is  to  be  admitted  on  the  Fourth  of  July,  1816. 

We,  therefore,  give  notice  to  ail,  who  may  be  disposed  to  commit 
their  sons  to  our  care  for  a  liberal  education,  that,  the  same  branches  of 
literature  and  science  are  to  be  taught  at  this,  as  in  other  colleges  in 
the  United  States;  that,  the  tuition  will  be  six  dollars  a  quarter;  and  that, 
boarding  in  respectable  families  will  be  a  dollar  and  seventy-five  cents 
a  week,  or  boarding  and  washing  two  dollars  a  week. 

The  requirements  for  admission  as  Freshman  are  an  ability  to  con- 
strue and  parse  Tully's  Select  Orations,  Vergil  and  Greek  Testament; 
to  write  Latin  grammatically,  and  perform  with  promptness  any  e.x- 
amples  in  common  arithmetick;  a  sutficient  testimonial  of  a  blameless 
life  and  conversation  and  a  bond  for  the  payment  oi  college  dues. 

Probationers  designed,  when  duly  qualified  to  become  students  in 
this  college,  are  diligently  instructed  at  the  academy  in  Meadville.  There 
are  accommodations  for  any  others  at  the  same  institution,  who  are 
preparing  to  enter  Alleghany  College,  or  who  wish  an  academic  educa- 
tion only. 

Meadville,  July  IS,   IS  15. 

TIMOTHY  ALDEN, 
ROBERT   JOHNSTON." 

The  response  had  been  so  generons  and  immediate  that  the 

[   1'  ] 


HisTOiiV  OF  ALiJ<:(;iii:xv  (M)ijjo(;k 

Treasui-er.  .John  Kcynolds.  was  able  to  irporr   under  date  of 

Se])t.    4,    ISl."),    that    .Sr).4()()    had    been    subscribed.      On    the 

same    day    the    <reden- 

tials  were  issued  to  the 

Tresident-eleet    by    Ma 

jor  Ahlen,  Thairuiau  of 

the      Associators,      eui- 

))owei-in^-  liim  to  solicit 

l)eiiefac1i()ns      in      such 

l>arts     of     the     Tnited 

Slates       as       may       be 

deeiue(l      ]»i-o])er.       The 

document  witnessed  : 

"We  recommend,  that 
vou  personally  become  the 
organ  of  communication 
with  the  citizens  of  tiic 
United  States,  and  witii 
vour  arijuments  of  elo- 
quence declare  the  objects 
of  establishing  ;;  collegiate 
institution  in  this  new  and 
delightful  country.  Hav- 
ing the  utmost  confidence 
in  your  integrity,  and 
i^nowing  your  zeal  in  the  cause  of  science,  morality  and  religion,  the 
Board  has  committed  to  you  a  most  sacred  charge.  All  donations  which 
may  be  made  will  be  acknowledged  with  gratitude,  and  the  names  of 
the  donors  shall  be  recorded  in  the  tirst  pages  of  the  Institution.'" 

This  ]Oastern  trip  took  Tintothy  AhU'u  to  New  IOnj;lan(l 
and  New  \'oi-U.  T'pon  liis  return  he  rejtorled  Marcli  '2,  ISlb. 
to  '*th(;  Associatoi-s  lor  I^^iundinj;  Alh'jiiiany  Collejic"  lliat  lie 
liad  colh'cted  in  money  sKil  and  books  to  the  value  of  sKMlM't!. 
Donations  1o  the  "Infant  Institution"  from  2r>  cents  up  to 
•SHK),  were  thankfully  iicknowled^cd.  The  ]»rincipal  towns 
of  the  North  and  lOasI  had  been  visited,  the  a^cnt  relijuiousiy 
carryin;:^  out  liis  insti-uctions  to  jiresent  the  cause  of  Alle<;hany 
to  the  people  of  the  I'nited  States.  The  list  is  headed  by  a 
iiolde  name,  .lolin  Adams : 


John  Reynolds 


[   IS  1 


IIISTOIJV   OF   AIJ^KCJUKXV    COIJ.KCI-: 


-T''  J.  --^-jiilX-^;^  !;^^_'ff^_/j. 


y/e'if  'iJCK. 


JC'^f  f  //  r.if. 


-^ 


:-^ 


I  ^.A.e'^      C.fJ..'     ,/      d,y. 


'^  -^y  /  y/l  c 


-  /  //?^: 


. ,.  //^jj/v.  4'^^£^^/  ^y/^/ .  ^/^^^^.  /::/>,^>,  //,,^ 

j        Jfttai''/^    ^f^j^-ref    /Jy'^7//  //^ rry 


I  /^/cd/erZ/'f    ^,try./ij/^     f}y'\y?^zy/,  //y  ^ 

I       />Ut/^eytj,  ^^  ^  .y^:  ;.<,^^^  ^  ^^' 


h-- 


V^.r^/.     ^.   ./7^.  ;^^;  /C^y^^c.^/^^^ 


y.^=\\ 


3   c'^\ 


1  ■ 


Then  follow  the  solid  iiieii  of  Boston,  sixty  six  in  nnniln'i-, 
the  Fi-olliin<>h;niis.  (Mi;innin<is.  Lorin<>s,  Low(41s.  Ticknors. 
(h'tHMiloafs,  Pni'kniinis  iind  Tliayors.  Next  come  the  men  of 
Cambridj'e,  ClmrlesTown.  Dorchester.  Marblehead.  IMymonlli, 
Salem,  Woi'cester,  Bristol  and  ]*rovidence.  New  York  ("ity 
sui)])lied  twenty-nine  subscribers.  Di*.  Harris  of  Columbia 
(\»lle<;('  and  ]>i'.  Xott  (►f  I'nion  were  donoi's.  Newark.  N.  J., 
l'liiladel])hia.  Lancaster,  llarrisbur*;-  and  Pittsburgh  swell  the 

[    1J>   ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY   COLLEGE 

li^t.  Tlie  book  sellers  everywhere  were  contributors.  But  the 
best  result  of  this  tour  was  the  favor  gained  of  friends,  who 
later  were  to  make  princely  gifts  of  books  to  the  college. 

Coincident  with  the  founding  of  the  college  had  been  the 
plan  of  Timothy  Alden  to  publish  the  Alleghany  Magazine. 
After  several  months  of  publicity  and  of  the  soliciting  of  sub- 
scriptions, the  first  number  was  issued  on  July  G,  ISIG.  The 
announced  design  of  the  editor  Avas  to  bring  to  the  public  a 
great  variety  of  information,  relative  to  the  state  of  religion 
in  all  parts  of  the  world,  and  notices  of  the  present  uncommon 
exertion  to  spread  the  gospel.  There  were  to  be  printed 
accounts  of  the  attempts  for  increasing  literature  and  science 
in  our  country,  particularly  in  the  region,  where  the  periodical 
would  have  its  principal  patrons.  Topographical  descriptions, 
biographical  and  historical  sketches  and  the  results  of  anti- 
quarian researches  were  to  appear. 

Joined  in  the  enterprise  as  publisher  was  Thomas  Atkinson, 
Trustee  of  Allegheny  and  founder  of  the  Crawford  Messenger. 
in  1805.  The  Magazine  became  at  once  naturally  the  organ 
of  tlie  incipient  college,  and  in  its  monthly  pages  the  measures 
taken  for  its  promotion  and  various  academic  occasions  were 
recorded.  After  twelve  numbers  had  been  edited,  concluding 
in  Novend)er,  LS17,  the  publication  ceased.  To  this  day,  the 
AllegJianij  Magazine  remains  the  unimpeachable  authority  on 
boundaries,  events,  locations  and  names  of  a  century  ago,  the 
\olume  recently  having  been  cite<l  as  evidence  in  an  important 
civil  action  before  the  ^^upreme  Court  of  Pennsylvania. 

The  committee  to  secure  a  charter  for  Alleghany  felt  some 
degree  of  assurance  in  the  fact,  lliat  in  the  list  of  Trustees-to-be 
were  the  three  representatives  for  tlie  Assembly  District,  com- 
posed of  Erie,  Crawford,  AVari-en,  Mercer  and  Venango  Coun- 
ties. These  were  Kal]>h  Mai-lin  of  Crawfoi'd,  James  Weston  of 
Erie  and  Jacob  lleri-inglon  of  Mercer.  On  Monday.  Dec.  IS, 
1.S1.">.  ^lajor  Marlin  ju-esenled  Ihe  itetition.  Nundier  7."),  of  the 
session,  from  snndi-y  iidiabilants  of  the  County  of  Crawford. 
]»rayiiig  for  articles  of  incorporation,  and.  also,  that  the  un- 
drawn   tracts    of    (b)nation    lands    in    tlie    above    counties    be 

[   -'<>   1 


IlISTOJa'   OF  ALLKGIIEXV   COLLEGE 

jii-auted  in  aid  of  the  Iiistilutioii.  Tliis  docunieiit  went  to  the 
(Joiniiiitlee  on  lOdncation,  whose  chairman  was  .1.  M.  Seott  of 
]*liihidel})hia.  Jts  report  ^^'as  made  on  -Ian.  11,  181<>,  in  llonse 
Bill,  ]S'und)er  77,  enlitled,  "An  Act  ICstablishinji  Alleghany  Col- 
lege in  the  Township  of  Mead  and  the  Connty  of  Crawford." 
It  received  one  reading  and  was  laid  on  the  table. 

The  conditions  were  jiecnliarly  nnfavorable  for  the  success 
of  the  project  in  this  year.  Governor  ^^imon  Snyder  in  his 
annual  message  had  noted,  that  few  seminaries,  aided  by  the 
State,  had  gone  into  operation  on  a  liberal  scale,  largely  be- 
cause of  a  too  general  diti'usiou  of  tJie  jiublic  bounty.  He 
believed,  that  grants  by  the  Legislature  should  be  more  in 
harmony  with  the  constitutional  provision,  directing  that  the 
arts  and  sciences  be  promoted  in  one  or  more  seminaries  of 
learning.  This  article  on  education  in  the  "'rnstrumeuts  of 
177G  and  1700,''  had  resulted  in  the  chartering  of  Dickinson 
College  in  178."),  Fraidclin  in  1787,  .letferson  in  1802  and  Wash- 
ington in  180G.  Dickinson  early  received  a  grant  of  £500  and 
10.000  acres  of  nnimproved  lands.  There  followed  by  1800 
gifts  from  the  Stiite  to  over  820,000,  but  the  institution  was 
closed  from  181.")  to  1821.  Franklin  College  had  10,000  acres, 
but  until  the  institution  A\as  formally  organized  in  18.~)r),  it 
made  no  use  of  the  land. 

There  was  lacking  in  I'ennsylvania  at  this  period  any  con- 
structive i>olicy  as  to  higher  or  common  school  education.  It 
was  easy  to  rally  opposition  to  furthei-  grants,  especially  for 
a  region,  .«;o  remote  from  the  i)oi)ulons  centers.  Besides,  the 
northwestern  area  now  gained  a  signal  favor  from  the  Legis- 
lature in  another  enterprise.  In  his  message  of  181."),  the 
Governor  had  called  for  the  building  of  two  arsenals,  one  at 
Ifarrisburg,  the  other  neai-  Lake  lOrie.  ^leadville  mustered  its 
friends  and  secured  the  ])rize,  but,  later,  the  Senate  voted  to 
locate  the  nulitary  ])ost  at  Allegheny  City.  Only  after  much 
maneuvering  did  the  original  decision  hold,  and  on  the  condi- 
tion of  delaying  the  comjiletion  of  the  building  a  year. 

But  this  rivali-y  with  the  military  exiKMiditure  of  the  State 
being  out  of  the  way,  in  the  sessiou  of  1810.  the  fi'iends  of  Alle- 

[   -'1    ] 


HISTOKV  OF  ALLEGHENY  rOLLEOE 

•ilieny  ]»i-<>iii]»Tly  i-fiiewcd  the  contest  for  a  cliarter.    On  Dec.  10. 
on  the  motion  of  Ileirinjiton  and  ^Lirlin.  it  was  ordered  that 


The  Meadville  Arsenal 

an  item  of  nnfinished  business,  relative  to  the  incorporation  of 
the  colle<ie  at  Meadville.  be  referred  to  the  three  Assemblymen 
of  the  District.  On  Dec.  12  the  bill  was  reported  out  and  went, 
as  Nundter  :)L'.  before  the  committee  of  the  whole  on  Dec.  2:>. 
After  receivinj;-  minor  amendments,  it  was  allowed  to  shnnber 
until  Thursday,  March  20.  when  with  three  sessions  in  a  day. 
the  measure  came  to  its  third  readinj;.  But  section  ei<j;hteen 
had  been  lost,  providing  for  the  undrawn  donation  lands, 
and  section  nineteen  advanced  to  eighteen,  became  the  occa- 
sion of  a  parliamentary  skirmish  as  to  the  sum  of  money  to 
be  voted,  .^;>000  and  84000  being  rejected.  Finally,  it  was 
decided  to  api)ro])riate  S2000.  to  be  paid  in  three  equal  install- 
ments. The  Senate  agreed  on  Mai'ch  22.  and  the  Governor 
signed  the  Act  on  Monday.  March  24.  1817. 

When  the  news  reached  Meadville.  keen  disai)pointment 
arose  over  the  terms.  It  was  felt  that  the  State  had  not  acted 
in  harmony  with  the  generous  donations  of  the  citizens.  But 
the  ojttimistic  Timotliy  Alden  argued,  that  since  the  Gommon- 
wealtli  had  taken  the  infant  s«'minai-v  under  its  fostering  care 
by  granting  a  <hai-ter.  even  though  the  initial  api)ro]»riation 
was  small,  "later  Legislatures  would  do  everything  pi-oper  to 

r   oo   1 


iiisToitv  OF  allI':(jiii:nv  ('oiaakw: 

build  up  the  collejic,  no  as  to  render  it  a  blestsinj^  1o  j>reseiit 
and  future  generations.'' 

The  rRAWFORD  Mksskxgkk  of  April  1st  took  hojie  in  the 
<;rant  of  >^.'>r),000  for  a  turnpike  from  IMttshurgh  to  Meadville 
and  on  to  AVaterford,  notinji'  that  this  Assembly  had  been  more 
liberal  to  ])rojects  of  ])ublic-  im])rovements  in  the  western  sec- 
tion than  for  fifteen  years  previous. 

The  Charter  named  forty-seven  persons  as  the  first  Trustees, 
in  addition  to  the  Governor,  ('hief  .lustiee  and  Attorney  Gen- 
eral of  Pennsylvania  as  ex-ottieio  members.    They  were: 

Of  the  County  of  Crawford:  Roger  Alden,  William  McArthur,  Jesse 
Moore,  John  Brooks,  William  Clark,  Henry  Hurst,  Samuel  Lord,  Samuel 
Torbett,  Ralph  Marlln,  Patrick  Farrelly,  Thomas  Atkinson,  John  Rey- 
nolds, Daniel  Bemus,  William  Foster,  Daniel  Perkins,  Rev.  Amos  Chase, 
Rev.  Timothy  Alden,  Rev.  Robert  Johnson. 

Of  the  County  of  Erie:  Judah  Colt,  Rufus  S.  Reed,  John  C.  Wallace, 
John  Vincent,  James  Weston,  Rev.  Johnson  Eaton,  Rev.  Robert  Reed. 

Of  the  County  of  Venango:  David  Irvine,  William  Connelly,  Samuel 
Hays. 

Of  the  County  of  Mercer:  Ale.xander  Brown,  Jacob  Herrington, 
Nathan  Patterson. 

Of  the  County  of  Butler:     Walter  Lowry,  Rev.  John  .McPherrsin. 

Of  the  County  of  Beaver:     Robert  Moore. 

Of  the  County  of  Allegheny:  James  Ross,  Henry  Baldwin,  Rev. 
Joseph  Stockton. 

Of  the  County  of  Westmoreland:     Alexander  W.  Foster. 

Of  the  County  of  Dauphin:     Rev.  George  Lochman. 

Of  the  City  of  Philadelphia:  Callender  Irvine,  John  B.  Wallace, 
Rev.  J.  J.  Janway,  D.  D. 

Of  the  State  of  New  Jersey:     William  Grirtith. 

Of  the  State  of  Massachusetts:  James  Winthrop,  Rev.  Joseph  Mc- 
Kean,  LL.  D. 

Of  the  State  of  Ohio:     Simon  Perkins,  Rev.  Joseph  Badger. 

In  accordance  with  the  sixth  section  of  the  incorporation, 
the  first  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Trustees,  under  the  charter, 
occurred  in  the  Meadville  Academy  on  :May  20,  and  the  pre- 
scribed oath  was  administered  to  Major  Koger  Alden,  Major 
Kalph  Marlin,  Samuel  Torbett.  Rev.  Timothy  Alden,  l»atrick 
Farrelly,  Hon.  Henry  Baldwin,  Judge  Jesse  Moore,  Thomas 
Atkinson.   Henry  Hurst.  John   Brooks.  William  Foster.  Wil- 

[  28  ] 


HItSTORY   OF  ALLEGHENY   COLLEGE 

liam  McArtliiir  and  John  Reynolds.  Major  Alden  actinj;-  as 
toniporary  cliairinan,  a  ballot  for  officers  resulted  iii  the  choice 
of  Timothy  Alden  as  President  of  the  Board,  John  Reynolds, 
Secretary,  and  Roger  Alden,  Treasurer.  Another  gathering  on 
July  Fourth  in  the  Court  House  carried  forward  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  college.  Timothy  Alden  Avas  elected  by  a  unani- 
mous ballot  to  be  the  I'resident  of  the  Faculty  of  Arts  and  the 
Professor  of  Oriental  Languages,  Ecclesiastical  History  and 
Theology.  A  course  of  study  was  adopted  and  college  regula- 
tions passed.  The  nnnutes  of  the  day  describe  this  action 
taken  as  to  a  seal  for  Alleghany  College : 

«-^,    >->*-     *^<V^>«.^     ^»-fc     ^ji>/.      At-i^-^'  .,^,.^*^  ,'^tfiy~*^./^^    x4*— 
etyi/ifi^C-u^^C    C^:/^/e^-€^     i.y'^^c^A  ^^jn^c-^t-^' t^,    i^  yi^y'-i^t-*^^  c£t^— 

(/"^j     //Le-    ^,/  o,'  //t^    iAcyYe,r)>C    //i^     /-«->*      *y 
i»-t-'7     ^^C^i^f^l-/      /"ti  f-9-jy      //,-£.    ^ // ^  </ A  •^.^^ -;        ^>  "^f-t  c^^ 


y^, 


iC 


J-y^'-l^  t-'/ff^,      /e/lf      Ix/ ^  A'„tr'i ''^     />V^\y^      fii^^-tl.^^  yi 

(Taken  from  trustees'  iniiuite  t)0()k.) 

Il   was  (h'cichMl  to  canvass  Cor  furtlici'  sul>s(  i-i])lioiis  to  the 
college  fnii<l.  and  to  make  recjuisi  t  ion  at  once  for  the  lirst  lliird 

i;  -^  1 


IIISTOKV   OF   AJJJOdllKNY   ('OLlJCdK 

of  tlie  Stale  ii])i>i-()|>riati()ii.     Tlic  lirst  Wednesday  of  July  was 
set  for  the  yearly  aiiiiivei-sary  coiiiiiieiiceiiieiit  date. 

HoAvevei',  tlie  formal  liiaujiuralioii  of  i'resideiit-elect  Aldeii 
took  plaee  on  Monday.  -Inly  L'S.  1817.  The  exercises  opened 
with  an  address  in  Latin  to  the  l*resident  by  Patrick  Farrelly, 
the  classical  scholar  of  the  local  bar.  A  rejyly  in  Latin  came 
from  ^Ir.  Alden,  followed  by  his  ]>rayei'.  Then  a  choir  of 
singers  under  the  direction  of  Col.  JJobert  Stockton  rendered 
"sacred  mnsick".  The  inaugnral  oration  by  the  l*resident  was 
delivered  in  Latin,  bnt  after  a  ninsical  selection  he  again  spoke 
in  English  in  "an  ad<lress.  a(bi]>ted  to  the  occasion."  doubtless 
more  to  the  edification  and  understanding  of  the  vast  majority 
of  liis  auditors. 

The  young  college  exercised  promptly  its  authority  to  grant 
honorary  degrees.  It  conferred  the  title  of  Doctor  of  Laws  on 
Ebenezer  I*end)erton  of  Boston,  the  former  l*rinci]»al  of 
IMiillips  Andover.  and  on  Hon.  James  Winthro]i  of  Cand)ridge. 
later  a  distinguished  benefactor  of  Allegheny.  The  former 
(dassmate  of  President  Alden.  IJev.  dosejdi  ,\[clvean.  LL.D., 
iJoylestou  Professor  of  Phetoric  and  Oratoi-y  in  Harvard 
College,  received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity,  as  did  also 
the  Pev.  Alexander  (lunn  of  the  Dutch  Peformed  Church  of 
New  York  (Mty. 

A  diversion  in  the  Inaugural  jtrogram  came  with  the  intro- 
duction of  a  group  of  the  I'robationers.  These  lads  of  ten 
years  and  ujtwaivls  ga^"e  a  series  of  orations  and  dialogues  in 
Hebrew,  TJi-eek.  Latin  and  English.  The  boys  were  mostly  out 
of  the  families  of  the  founders.  T.  J.  P'ox  Alden.  D.  M.  Farrelly 
and  A.  M.  AVhite.  who  often  graced  the  academic  ]datform  in 
the  years  of  subseciuent  exhibitions.  Their  instruction  had 
come  from  Mr.  Alden  and  the  first  ^'ice-^*resident  of  Alle- 
glieny.  Pev.  PobeiM  .lohnston.  who  taught  in  the  Meadville 
Academy. 

Put  the  ]>astor  of  the  Presbyterian  Chui-ch  had  left  the 
village  before  the  charter  of  the  college  aclually  arrived.  Fi-om 
Oct.  IT),  ISll.  to  A])ril  2.  1S17.  he  had  served  the  congregations 

[   '^-   ] 


HISTORY   OF   ALLEOIIEXV   COLLEGE 

jointly  of  JSugar  Creek, 
Coiiuetiiit  Lake  and 
Meadville.  The  Kev. 
Mr.  .John. St  on  gained 
his  education  in  tlie 
Jeffer.sou  Academy  at 
Canonsburg,  where  he 
was  the  founder  of  the 
rhilo  Literary  Society. 
He  became  an  itinerant 
in  tlie  I'resbytery  of 
Erie  and  liad  his 
first  call  from  Scrub 
Grass  in  LSO^J.  Soon 
after  leaving  Crawford 
County,  this  early  ofli 
cial  of  Allegheny  be 
came  a  Trustee  of  -lef 
ferson  College,  contin- 
uing    for    a     score     of 

years.      He  also   made  a  Rev.  Robert  .Johnston 

notable  record  of  not  missing  a  session  of  the  Synod  for  forty 
years,  being  a  doughty  champion  of  the  Old  S<'liool  Theology. 

The  linancial  att'airs  of  the  college  were  the  periodic  con- 
cern of  the  Board  of  Trustees,  whenever  a  quorum  could  be 
secured  for  the  discussions  of  ways  and  means.  The  appro- 
])riation  of  the  ("ommonwealth,  ])ayable  in  three  yearly  install- 
ments, was  collected  with  scrujiulous  i)unctuality  and  <lepos- 
ited  in  the  Northwestern  Bank  to  draw  interest  against  the 
<lay  of  its  expenditure  on  ])ernuinent  improvements.  No  effort 
Avas  made  as  yet  to  collect  systematically  or  proportionally 
the  generous  subsci-iptions  that  had  been  pledged  the  first  year. 
One  conscientious  J'resi<lent  of  the  Board  did  ])ay  his  three 
hundred  dollai-s  and  then  resign  from  the  Trustees. 

The  feeling  of  Timothy  Alden  and  his  associates  was,  that 
the  bui'den  rested  upon  the  State  of  fostering  and  developing 
the  inslitntion.     Tli<'  Legislatnre  had  given  legal  existence  to 

[  2(;  1 


JlISTOJiV   OF  ALLKdIlKNV   CULLEdE 

the  •'iiii'aiit  sciiiiiiiU'y"  and  made  il  a  cliristeuiiig  gitt  of  a 
iModesl  SHIM.  J^ct  it  now  renew  its  kindly  interest  and  furnish 
the  adec^nate  snpiKn-t.  JOacli  year,  l)ej>innin<^-  in  1817,  insistent 
appeal  was  made  to  ]Iarrisbur<jj  for  aid,  the  i)etitiou  asking' 
that  Ihe  form  of  the  ^rant  he  the  un<lrawn  donation  lots  in  the 
(Senatorial  Distirct  of  Cra\\ford  and  adjoining  counties.  The 
Coniniencenient  anniversary  was  observed  each  July  with  elab- 
orate exercises,  Pr(>bationers,  Freshmen  and  learned  towns- 
men taking  ])art  in  the  programs.  On  March  14,  1818,  there 
was  ])ub]islied  the  formal  advertisement  of  the  college,  as  then 
dulv  organized. 


Alleghany  College. 

THIS  institution  having  been  duly  organised 
and  the  subscriber,  having  been  appointed  Presi- 
dent and  a  Professor  of  the  same,  takes  this 
method  to  inform  the  public  of  the  terms,  on 
which  students,  desirous  of  a  liberal  education 
and  disposed  to  become  members  of  it,  can  be 
accommodated. 

1.  Tuition  six  dollars  a  quarter, 

2.  Boarding  one  dollar  fifty  cents 

a  week,  or 

3.  Boarding,  washing,  lodging, 
&  tuition  at  130  dollars  a  year. 

Payable  quarterly, and  no  extra  charge  during  the 
vacations,  if  any  shouM  find  it  for  their  conven- 
ience to  spend  them  in  Meadville. 

Probationers  are  here  instructed  in  Latin, 
Greek,  &c.,  preparatory  to  admission  into  the 
collegiate  classes. 

The  P'reshman  class  is,  at  present,  attending  to 
Sallust,  Horace,  Xenophon's  Anabasis,  Homer's 
Iliad,  the  Hebrew,  French  and  English  languages, 
arithmetic,  Holme's  Rhetorick,  &c. 

TIMOTHY  ALUEN. 


[  2T  ] 


CIIAI»TKH   II 

THE   MISSION   OF   THE   rOU:NDER 


Tlll'^KE  is  many  a  coiiiinunity  whei'ti 
the  [)asser-l>y  in  any  generation 
will  nnfailingly  realize  that  a 
great  and  good  man  has  at  some 
time  been  a  dweller  there.  Marks 
of  varions  kinds  bear  an  unvarying 
testimony.  A  gentle  spirit  among 
the  ])eople,  a  quiet  pile  of  simple 
nuisonry — ''by  one  sign  or  another 
is  the  vanished  presence  known." 
No  man  can  cross  the  campus  of  Allegheny  College  without 
sensing  in  the  atmosphere  of  the  buildings  alone  the  mind  and 
love  of  many  men.  Certainly  in  the  presence  of  Bentley  Hall 
the  soul  of  an  unforgetable  builder  clamors  for  recognition 
from  the  most  careless  loiterer.  As  something  of  the  detail  of 
its  story  unfolds,  admiration  grows  to  marvel,  and  a  reverence 
that  is  akin  to  worship  steals  irresistibly  upon  every  heart. 
The  first  standard  bearer  on  College  Hill  left  his  mark.  In  a 
score  of  ways  is  his  presence  inetfaceable.  There  is  nothing  of 
])ious  inei)titude,  jior  careless  phrasing,  in  the  declaration  that 
in  Timothy  Alden's  coming  to  Meadville  in  1815,  there  was  the 
unfailing  guidance  of  the  Master  Hand. 

In  Alden's  circle  of  eastern  friends  were  many  of  dis- 
tingnished  fame.  His  acquaintance  at  his  alma  mater,  and 
among  her  sons  was  extensive.  His  interest  in  antiquarian 
studies  brought  him  into  contact  with  men  of  similar  mind, 
who  were  among  tlu'  great  Americans  of  the  day.  The  strong- 
est bond  of  his  life  grew  out  of  his  love  of  the  Oriental 
langnages. 

William  Kentley.  the  pastor  of  the  East  Church  in  Salem 
for  thirty-six  years,  was  a  graduate  of  Harvard  College  in  1777, 
He  served   there   briefly   as   a   tutor   in   the   classics,   but   his 

[  20  ] 


iiisToKV  or  alij:<jiii:xv  college 

liiijiiiistic  tiistc  iiicliiHMl  to  tlic  lOMstci-ii  toii<»ues.  lie  was  said 
1(>  liave  been  tlic  master  of  twciity-oiic  laii^uaj'es  and  was  ciii- 
jdoycd  hy  the  ruiti'd  Slates  to  Translate  the  credeutials  of 
Arabian  and  Tnnisian  andtassadors.  He  was  a  man  ()f  nn- 
(ommon  ]r()wei-s  ami  tindess  indnslrv,  an  ardent  stndent 
to  Iiis  last  (hiys.  In  his  diary  of  elexcn  volumes,  the  name 
of  Timothy  Alden.  dr..  is  fre(|uently  entered.  The  younj^' 
elerj>yman  was  repeatedly  in  the  Salem  ])arsonaj?e.  The  library 
thei-e  was  one  of  wide  re]>nte.  Its  owner  received  a  modest 
salary,  only  one  thousand  dollars,  and  it  was  his  custom  to 
iiiive  a  recei}jt  in  full,  when  luit  eijiht  huinlred  was  i»aid.  Vet 
he  nianaji'ed  to  add  steadily  to  his  sludves  of  books  and  the 
Saleui  ca]»tains  brouj^ht  him  many  a  rare  volume  from  foreign 
ports.  There  Avere  rich  selections  of  the  church  fathers  in 
(Ireek  and  Latin,  ancient  classics  and  theoloi;ical  works. 

l^entley  maintained  an  active  interest  in  Harvard,  and  it 
was  his  annual  i)ractice  to  visit  in  (^unbridjie  at  Commence- 
ment season  his  intimate  friend,  .Iinlge  Wiuthrop.  With  the 
death  of  President  Willard  in  1804,  a  season  of  variance  arose 
over  the  choice  of  a  new  executive.  The  Diary  has  the  entry. 
Afay  24,  1800,  that  John  J»ickerin<i-  of  Salem  and  Timothy  Alden. 
of  I'ortsmouth  are  the  leading-  candi<lates  for  the  chair  of  Ori- 
ental Languages  in  Harvard.  But  Alden's  fortunes  were  tied 
u])  with  those  of  Eliphalet  Pearson,  the  retiring  Oriental  ])ro- 
fessor  and  a  member  of  the  Corporation,  who  asj)ired  to  be- 
come ])resident  of  the  College.  His  defeat  by  Webber,  the 
])rofessor  of  mathematics,  for  the  place  ended  the  chances  of 
Alden,  nor  did  IMckering  ;tcce]>t  the  chair  when  ottered  him. 
The  disgust  ])ut  in  the  D'utrji  of  Willirnii  Bcntlci/  is  intense 
ami  chai'acteristic ;  umler  the  date  of  April  11),  1807,  it  reads: 
"The  president  lately  elected  is  of  narrow  education.  The 
professor  of  Divinity  has  no  (docution,  the  ]>rofessor  of  Ori- 
ental Languages  has  no  Oriental  literatui-e.  The  tutors  are 
youths;  the  college  is  in  dee]>  distress.'' 

The  Salem  pastor  was  an  intense  Democrat,  a  strong  fol 
lower  of  deftersou  and  Madison.  His  ])olitics  served  thus  to 
intensify  the  strained  relations  with  the  Fe<leral  ]>artisans  of 

[  :'•!   ] 


IIISTOKY   OF  ALLEGHENY   COLLEGE 

his  alma  mater.  He  was  otl'ered  tlie  presidency  of  the  Uiii- 
vei-sity  of  \'ii\tiiiiia  bv  Jetfei'son.  but  declined  to  leave  his  East 
Chiu'ch.  He  was  writing  volnminonsly  all  the  years,  for  the 
newsi)apers,  criticisms  of  books,  and  ])reparing  historical  ma- 
terials. His  i)nblic  spirit  led  him  into  notable  civic  activities. 
His  devotion  to  the  Masonic  fraternity  was  made  conspicuous 
on  many  occasions. 

Br.  Bentley,  having  known  Timothy  Alden's  plans  in  1815, 
was  ke])t  informed  of  the  })rogress  of  the  institution.  When 
])r.  Joseph  McKean.  a  Harvard  professor  and  classnmte  of 
Alden,  one  of  the  original  Trustees,  died  in  1818.  William 
Bentley  of  tSaleni  was  elected  to  take  his  place  on  the  AUe 
gliany  Board.  The  trust  was  gladly  accepted,  as  the  letter  of 
May  28,  1819,  indicates: 

"Reverend  Sir:  I  received  yours  of  the  past  niontli,  convinced  of 
tiie  iiigh  honor  done  in  recording  my  name  among  the  friends  of  your 
rising  institution,  and  as  successor  of  my  worthy  friend  and  pupil,  Dr. 
McKean,  dear  to  me  by  his  talent  and  virtues,  as  well  as  domestic  obli- 
gations and  place  of  birth.  We  love  to  keep  our  first  atlin'ties  and 
friendships  as  the  basis  of  our  hopes,  in  whatever  forms  our  names  or 
talents  may  be  employed.  When  you  write  with  enthusiasm  for  your 
college,  it  pleases  me  to  lind  that  you  haven't  forgotten  Cambridge.  It 
is  yet  the  best  thing  in  our  country.  In  no  way  should  Pennsylvania 
suffer  itself  to  be  excelled.  We  began  before  it  in  Massachusetts,  but 
we  were  taught  civil  liberty  from  it.  We  were  taught  justice  to  the 
Indians  by  it,  and  we  never  knew  religious  liberty  until  it  instructed  us 
to  get  it.  Our  colleges  will  be  all  new,  and  you  will  be  early  enough 
for  your  best  hopes.  Your  college  has  a  good  location,  for  the  new 
settlements  encircle  it. 

In  regard  to  books,  which  we  consider  as  our  tools,  we  are  more 
willing  to  bequeath  them  than  to  miss  or  want  them.  Mr.  Jefferson, 
who  repeatedly  has  assisted  a  learned  friend  through  me,  in  the  last 
notice  of  his  inability  to  serve,  observes  that  he  had  given  up  his 
librarv,  and  the  service  was  not  as  formerly  in  his  power.  I  have  mad^ 
a  record  of  my  good  intentions,  but  I  shall  not  decline  a  visit  from  you 
and  shall  reward  it  with  such  things  as  you  may  point  out  as  immedi- 
ately useful  to  you. 

You  see  how  we  are  in  New  England.  The  U.  S.  Judiciary  has  im- 
prudently disturbed  New  Hampshire.  In  Massachusetts,  Williamstown 
College  threatens  to  be  like  a  county  trader,  in  perpetual  motion;  a  new 
college  is  proposed  in  Northampton. 

With  every  sentiment  of  esteem  and  affection. 

Your  devoted  servant,       William  Bentley." 

[    ■'■i    ] 


IirSTOKY  OF  ALLIOGllEXV   COLLKdJO 


Scarcely  a  half  yeai-  passed,  when  the  new  Ti-ustee  was 
stricken  in  sudden  death.  Kut  the  pledj^e  of  books  in  his 
letter  of  acceptance  had  been  i-oyally  redeemed.  The  generous 
be(piest  in  his  will  gave  Alleghany,  which  until  then  was 
merely  a  name,  and  even  without  fixed  local  habitation,  at 
once  a  national  fame.  These  ])recious  volnmes  at  Salem  were 
not  unknown  to  the  authori- 
ties at  Candtridge.  Some 
friends  of  the  lOast  Church 
pastoi-  had  felt  for  a  long  time 
that  this  son  of  llarvai'<l  richly 
merited  the  honorary  degree 
of  Doctor  of  Divinity  at  its 
hands.  I'resident  dohn  Adams, 
because  of  l^entley's  vast  liter- 
ary labors,  saluted  him  play- 
fully in  his  letters,  as  "Doctor 
of  JMiysics,  of  Philosophy,  of 
Laws,  and  D.D."  The  tardy 
recognition  of  his  alma  nuiter 
came  Se])t.  2."),  ISU),  but  it  was 
on  May  S.  181!),  after  the  re- 
(pu'st  of  Alden  and  the  notifi- 
cation of  the  Trustees'  action 
at  Meadville,  A])ril  7,  had  been  received,  that  the  momentous 
will  of  AVilliam  JJentley  was  draAvn  : 

"I  make  my  last  will  and  I  give  my  nephew.  AV.  B.  Fowle, 
(iiie  thousand  dollars. 

I  give  all  my  (lermaii  books.  New  England  ])rinted  books, 
manuscri])ts  and  cabinet,  with  my  ]»aintings  and  engravings, 
to  the  American  Anticpiarian  Society. 

I  give  all  my  (lassical  and  theological  books,  dictionaries, 
b^xicons  and  IJibles  to  the  College  at  ^[eadville,  Pennsyl- 
vania." 

The  loss  of  the  valuable  library  to  New  England  sat  with 
ill  gi-ace  in  Salem  and  elsewhere.  The  absurd  legend  gained 
currency,  re]ieated   in  Day's  "•Historical  Collections  of  Penn- 

[  :{:^.  ] 


Dr.  Bentley 


IIISTOKV  OF   ALLIOCUIKXV   (M)I.LK<;E 

Miviiiiia"  and  llic  cditinii  of  "'Hie  hlnnj  of  Willidin  liciith'ii." 
lliat  Allciiliaiiy  liad  its  <iift  in  cxclian^ic  for  iiranlinji'  an  lionor- 
ai'V  (le<ii'('('.  Isaiah  Thomas,  of  the  Anti(|narian  Society,  went 
from  A\'orcest('r  to  acc<'])t  the  BcntU'v  luHpu'st  to  the  coMeiie. 
and  was  so  ins]»ired.  that  on  Feh.  :>.  ISlM).  he  also  made  a  dona- 
tion to  Alh'jihany  of  hve  liundred  well  selected  volumes.  In 
Meadville.  the  otticial  minute  was  solemnly  indited,  that  while 
Ihe  I>oard  i-e^i-etted  llie  h>ss  sustained  by  itself,  by  tin'  country 
and  by  the  Republic  of  Letters,  in  the  death  of  its  learned 
associate,  it  should  be  its  aim  to  chei-ish  a  ,urateful  recollec- 
tion of  his  ^^euerous  le<;acy  and  to  transmit  his  name  to  post 
erity  as  the  most  liberal  benefactor  (»f  the  risiiij;'  seminary. 
-\  testim<unal  more  endurinii,"  than  jjrinted  resolution  was 
devised  at  the  annual  meetinji'  of  the  Trustees.  Ai»ril  10.  ISL'O. 
The  prospective  coming  of  a  library  s])urred  on  to  \-erv  detinite 
plans  to  realize  a  lon<i  cherished  ]»urpose.  A  site  for  Ihe  c(»l- 
lej^e  must  be  secured  and  a  ]>bni  for  the  tirst  bnildinii'  be  i»ro- 
vided.  I'nanimously.  the  name  of  the  Hall  must  be  Ih'Utley. 
A  liberal  citizen  ]»romptly  provided  a  cam]»us  for  Allejiheny. 
Samu(d  Lord.  IOs(|..  a  settle]-  in  IT*.!."),  and  a  charter  Trustee  of 
the  <-olleji('.  fuiMiished  fi-om  his  lands,  north  of  the  \"illa^(',  a 
most  appi-opriale  site.     The  foi-ni  of  the  ^ift  i-an  as  follows: 

"Meadville,  June   16.    1820. 
To  the  President  and  Trustees: 

1  pledge  niyseh',  my  heirs  and  assii^ns  to  niai<.e  to  the  Institution  a 
fee  simple  deed  of  live  acres  of  land,  patented  to  Samuel  Lord,  Jr., 
according  to  the  phm  of  t)utlots,  hiid  out  by  me,  adjoining  the  tract  of 
Meadville,  which  live  acres  is  marked  on  said  plan  l^y  its  Number 
Twenty,  and  has  been  selected  by  the  conunittee  of  your  Board  to  fix 
an  eligible  site,  thereon  to  erect  a  buiidinj;  for  the  College,  and  i  also 
pledjije  myself  to   i^rant  the  same  to  the   Institution   free  of  all   expenses 


whatever. 


Sanuiel   Lord." 


The  </\\'\  was  ^i-eally  a])preciale<l,  and  .Maj(tr  (Jeneral  Aldeii 
was  dii-ected  to  ]>urcliase  a  Canton  crepe  di-ess  for  .Mi-s.  Lord 
at  an  o\itlay  of  fifteen  dollars.  Samuel  Loi'd  also  tendered 
the  free  use  of  his  brick  yai-<l  for  the  ne.xl  nine  months  to  su]* 
|»ly  the  material  for  the  east  winu  of  I'enlley  Hall.  It  was 
ciii-ionsly     thought     this     |M»rlion     of     the    bnildin<i     mi;.;lit     be 


IIISTOK'V   or   ALLKdIIIOXV    <M)Llj:(;i': 

elected  by  a  iiicaiici-  outlay  of  two  tlioiisand  dollai-s.  Siiliscrip- 
lioiis  were  solicilcd  at  lioiiic  and  ahi-oad.  lOveu  llic  Salem  coii- 
j^rejial  ion  was  appi-oacliecl  tlii-onj;li  the  agency  of  Isaiah 
'I'honias  in  the  i-asli  expectancy,  thai  it  would  aid  in  erecting; 
a  nienioi-iai  in  the  West  to  its  late  |>ast(»r.  The  call  fell  on 
e.\ceedin<ily  deal'  ears,  lint  the  nephew  of  I  M*.  l>entlev  and  the 
exetaitoi"  of  his  will  wrote  to  Timothy  Aldeii.  that  "I  ho]»e 
the  nnpi-ejndiced  posterity  of  New  lOn^land  will  envy  yon 
tliis  monument   to  (»ne,  of  whom  their  fathei-s  were  not  worthy." 

The  picparat ions  for  the  laying;  of  the  corner  stone  on 
AVednesday.  duly  ."tih,  went  forwai-(l  ra])idly.  The  event  a1- 
tra<ted  a  ^reat  com]>any  and 
all  the  community  did  honor 
to  the  l""'ounder,  l»ei;inninu 
the  hnildiuii  of  a  visible  col- 
leji'e.  The  summer  sun  had 
no  teia-ors  for  the  procession, 
that  formed  on  the  Diamond 
and  hej^an  to  nn»ve  at  three 
(("clock  from  the  fi-ont  of  the 
lo«i  Couit  House,  by  .Me 
chanics*  IJow  and  Water 
Street,  ])ast  the  i-esidence  of 
Samuel  Lord,  alon;^  where 
the  Terrace  now  is.  and 
thron.uh  the  lields  to  the  hill 
side.  The  ordei'  of  procession 
Avas  most  im])(>sin;^.  The 
"Meadville  Hlues"  led.  undei- 
the  command  of  Captain 
Lonji.       .Male     impils     of     the  .samuei  Lord.  ks... 

Academy  and  ]>i-ivate  schools  followed;  then  there  were  citi- 
7-ens.  a  ban<l  of  music,  and  a  choir  of  sin.uers.  led  by  Robert 
Tem])le. 

The  students  of  Allejihany  Collejic  maridied  with  a  si»ri<>-  of 
laurel  in  their  hats.  Next  came  otticials  of  the  County  of 
Crawford,    ma^isti-ates   of    the   Commonwealth,   oltlcors   of   tho 

[  :^>-"  1 


H18T0EY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

U.  S.  Goverument  and  strangers  of  distiuctiou.  Then  most 
loyalh'  moved  the  voiing  misses  of  the  Academy  and  many 
ladies  of  Meadville.  Next  were  clergymen  and  elders  of 
churclies,  benefactors  of  Alleghany  and  the  Trnstees  with 
their  president.  Major  General  Roger  Alden.  The  Knights 
Templar  and  the  Western  iStar  Masonic  Chapter,  in  their  ap 
propriate  regalia,  preceded  tlie  hero  of  the  day.  Rev.  Timothy 
Alden  was  supported  on  his  right  by  Judge  Jesse  Moore,  of  the 
Northwestern  District,  and  on  his  left  by  Hugh  Brawley,  Esq., 
high  sheritf  of  Crawford.  An  elaborate  account  of  tlie  cere- 
mony was  officially  written  for  the  Messenger  as  follo\^s: 

■•When  the  procession  began  to  move,  the  148th  Psalm  was  sung 
in  the  tune  of  Newburgh.  The  band  then  performed  till  Capt.  Long's 
company,  approaching  from  the  west,  came  within  four  rods  of  the 
northeastern  corner  of  the  site  for  Bentley  Hall,  where  due  preparations 
had  been  made  for  laying  the  corner  stone,  when  the  whole  procession 
stopped,  opening  to  the  right  and  left.  The  marshals  passed  down  to 
the  rear,  which  with  the  successive  divisions  fell  in  and,  following  them, 
moved  to  the  place  of  the  great  floral  arch.  Flowers  of  various  kinds, 
brought  by  the  ladies  and  children,  were  strewed  along  the  path,  as 
the  rear  approached. 

•'Arrived  at  the  corner  stone,  the  President  of  the  College  addressed 
the  throne  of  grace.     Samuel  Lord,  Esq.,  presented  to  the  President  of 
the   Board  of  Trustees   a  deed,    conveying   live   acres   of   land,    bounded 
for  twenty   rods  on  the   western   side  of  the   Susquehanna  and   Water- 
ford  Turnpike,  to  the  President  and  Trustees  of  Alleghany  College,  for 
the  location  of  the  buildings  of  the  institution,  which  was  publicly  read 
by  George  Seldin,   Esq.,  one  of  the  marshals  of  the  day.      The  Ode  on 
Science  was  sung.     The  President  of  the  College  was  appointed  W.   ^\. 
of  Western  Star  Lodge,  protempore,  and  was  invested  accordingly.     He 
then  proceeded,   with  the  kind  aid  of  the  orticers,   brethrer..   and  com- 
panions of  the  two  fraternities,   to  the  ceremony  of  laying  the   corner 
stone,  which  was  done  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  craft  and  the  numerous 
attendants.      He  sprinkled  it  with  corn   and  wine  and  oil,   according  to 
ancient  usage,  and  pronounced  it  "well  laid  and  sure."      He  closed  this 
ceremony  by  kneeling  down  with  the  Senior  and  Junior  Wardens  at  the 
corner    stone    and    supplicating    the    blessings    of    heaven    on    the    work 
undertaken,    and    on    the    benefactors,    orticers.    intructors.    and    alumni 
of  the  institution,  t)f  the  present  and  all  succeeding  generations  and  on 
the  assembly  convened. 

The   President   then    resigned   his   temporary    appointment,    returned 
his  regalia  to  .Mr.   Barlow.   W.   .M.  of  W.   S.  Lodge,  ascended  the  corner 

f    •><»    1 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLE(iE 

stone,  and  made  an  address.  In  doing  this,  he  read  an  extract  from  the 
last  letter  he  received  from  the  late  Rev.  William  Bentley,  D.D.,  in  which 
he  passes  a  high  encomium  on  the  people  and  the  State  of  Pennsylvania; 
and  an  extract  from  a  letter,  he  had  recently  received  from  Wm.  Bentley 
Fowle,  Esq.,  of  Boston,  expressing  his  high  sense  of  the  honor  con- 
ferred on  the  name  of  his  late  distinguished  relative,  by  the  govern- 
ment of  Alleghany  College,  in  naming  its  first  public  edifice  Bentley 
Hall.  An  account  was  given  of  the  Bentley  legacy,  estimated  at  some- 
thing more  than  three  thousand  dollars,  and  of  the  donation  of  Isaiaii 
Thomas,  LL.  D.,  President  of  the  American  Antiquarian  Society,  amount- 
ing to  seven  hundred  and  fifty  dollars.  Some  remarks  were  made  on 
the  beauty  of  the  surrounding  scenery;  the  flourishing  village  at  the 
foot  of  this  intended  Hill  of  Science;  the  mountains  round  about  like 
Jerusalem;  French  creek,  the  In-nun-gach  of  the  Senecas,  upon  the 
bosom  of  which  Washington  once  was  borne,  meandering  through  the 
extensive  and  fertile  meadows,  which  stretch  to  the  south;  and  the 
Cussewago,  rolling  in  silence-  from  the  west.  It  was  stated  that  a  more 
eligible  site  for  the  college  could  not  have  been  found." 

Under  tlie  corner  stone  had  been  deposited  a  piece  of  Ply- 
month  Kock,  marble  from  ])ido's  Temple  in  Carthage,  mortar 
from  the  Tond)  of  Vergil,  a  portion  of  brick  from  the  Tower 
of  Babel,  parchment  rolls  Avith  names  of  Trustees  and  bene- 
factors of  Alleghany,  and  the  list  of  members  of  the  Masonic 
Lodge.  There  was  also  a  silver  plate,  6x4,  with  an  inscrip- 
tion in  Latin,  giving  dates,  otticials  of  nation,  state  and  col- 
lege, and  a  recital  of  the  incident.  The  stone  bears  these 
words: 


TIMOTHEUS  ALDEN 

Traais.  Pri.  Coll.  All.  Lap.  Angu.  Hiij. 

Auhie  Bentliensis 

posnit  5  Jul.  1820 


But  the  exercises  of  the  day  were  not  yet  concluded,  for 
the  fourth  anniversary  commencement  had  to  be  observed. 
The  program  was  somewhat  curtailed,  but  members  of  the 
Junior  Class  spoke  Hebrew,  (J reek.  Latin  and  German  ora- 
tions. David  Derickson,  in  an  English  address  on  the  events 
of  the  day,  praised  the  generosity  of  Bentley,  Thomas  and 
others.  A  final  word  of  appreciation  was  given  by  the  Founder 
to  the  marshals,  to  the  Lodge  and  all  who  had  helped  to  make 

[  ■>-  ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLE(}HI>:XY   COLLEdK 

the  occasion  a  success.  The  Seventy-eijjhth  Psalm  was  siiii^ 
To  the  tniie  of  Mear.  and  the  benediction  given.  Then,  the 
Meadville  Hhies  U'd  the  i)i'ond  aiid  liaj)]»y  citizens  back  to  tlieir 
lionies  in  the  valh\v. 

Around  Bentley  Hall,  the  statliest  of  the  college  groiii*. 
clusters  the  best  traditions  (►f  the  Institution.  Its  erection  at 
This  period  insured  the  stability  of  the  venture  into  education, 
as  no  other  act  could.  Come  whatever  misfortune  to  the 
P^ounder  and  his  fellow  citizens,  the  enterprise  was  secure  by 
the  very  fact,  that  in  order  to  house  the  two  libraries  and  ]>ay 
homage  to  the  memory  of  J>r.  Hentley,  there  was  erected  a 
building  of  such  chaste,  classic  beauty,  that  aftei-  a  cenlur;, 
of  growth  the  college  boasts  nothing  more  distinguished.  As 
long  as  Bentley  Hall  stood,  whether  occupied  with  students, 
or  locked  and  barred,  as  in  the  period  of  18;>l-.'>.'>,  it  was  a 
cliallenge  To  Ihe  communiTy,  an  accomplishment  that  com- 
pelled continuation. 

For  its  perfect   colonial  type,  the  college  has  to  thaidv  tin,' 


loundei'.  lie  specilied  cxcry  cohinin.  evei-y  ca|>ital,  each  sh»pe 
(^f  i-()(»f,  each  towering  chimney.  The  pbins  were  ]»robably  the 
fiMiitage  of  ycai-s  of  b»\ing  study.  That  the  thoi-ough  comph'- 
lion  did  not  take  phice  until  late  in  Mi-.  Alden's  term,  oi-  in 
the  yeai's  foHowing,  can   in   no  sense  (hMract    (immii   the  insight. 


nisToKV  OF  aijj:(;iii:xv  coiaa^ok 

tliiit  pljiiiiM'd  it  ;ill  Ix'foi-c  the  ln-ick  ;iih1  niorlai*  were  ;i  ]M)ssi- 
bilily,  nnd  before  I  lie  iiecess;ii-_v  money  fof  the  lalxn-  was  as- 
siifed. 

Ill  State  arcliitectiire.  it  is  second  only  to  Inde]>endenee 
Hall  in  riiilad(d|)liia.  In  National  ai-cliitectnre,  it  nii<'iit  stand 
beside  historic  I^^inenil  in  Hostoii,  or  the  fanions  lioniestea<l  at 
Mount  \'eT-non.  It  is.  of  conrse,  sni-jiassed  in  size  and  costli- 
ness, but  in  the  snbtle  syninietry  of  |)erfect  art.  in  the  ]deasant 
harniony  of  ornament  and  line,  one  would  ti-av(d  far  to  find  its 
e(]nal. 

It  was  a  lon^-  and  ]»ainful  story,  the  creation  of  this  house 
thai  was  to  do  honor  to  the  first  jjjreat  benefactor  of  the  col- 
lejic  linilt  into  it  was  miu-h  of  the  ti"i<»edy  of  the  life  of 
Timothy  Aldeii.  While  worknuMi  were  makinji'  ready  for  the 
layinji'  of  the  coi-nei-  stone,  the  beautiful  JOlizabeth  Shejiard 
Aldeii.  bi-oken  by  the  rude  life  of  the  frontier,  weakened  by  the 
sepai-ation  from  all  that  was  so  dear  in  the  East,  died  after  a 
]»ainful  illness.  A>'liile  its  walls  stood  unfinished  in  the 
Twenties,  its  lonely  architect  saw  many  another  fond  lio]ie 
crnmble. 

The  first  iii(|uiry  l()oke<l  toward  a  structure  of  stone.  A 
(juarry  was  o])eiied  in  tlu'  ravine  a  few  yards  to  the  east  of  the 
site.  An  ad\'ertisenieiil  in  the  local  iiajtei-  of  August  calle<] 
for  bids,  and  a  contract  was  eiitere<I  with  .lohn  I'etrie  on  Dec. 
11.  1S20.  to  lay  the  foundation  at  ^'AA^y^  a  i)ercli.  After 
jiround  was  bi-okeii.  the  size  of  the  orii2,inal  ]>lan  was  inci-eased 
in  len<»th  and  breadth,  until  the  ])i-esent  dimensions  of  one 
hundred  and  twenty  by  forty-four  feet  were  reached.  The 
eai'liest  (lrawin<is  of  the  building',  however,  were  rijiidly  fid- 
lowed.  The  central  ]»ortioii.  sixty  feet  in  width  and  three 
stories  in  hei<»ht.  Avas  to  be  flanked  with  two  win<>s  of  thirty 
feet.  standin<i  back  of  the  main  line  ei<>ht  feet  and  fi-onte<l  by 
heavy  eolumns. 

The  work  of  excavation  and  of  the  masons  did  not  j^et  under 
way  until  s))riu,ii.  then  the  Trustees  decided  that  the  snpei-- 
sti-iictnre  should  be  of  brick  Aftei*  another  advertisement,  the 
tirm    of  (Jraworz   and    La]>sely.   of    ICi-ie.   was   favored    for   the 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

consti'iiotion  of  the  outside  walls,  partitions,  floors  and  roof, 
their  bid  being  |8450.  Walls  of  eighteen  inches  were  specified 
and  the  minute  details  of  the  building  were  entered  into  the 
lengthy  contract.  After  operations  began,  late  in  1822,  the 
erection  went  forward  with  fair  progress  for  a  year.  Then  the 
firm  fell  into  controversy  with  the  Board  and  left  in  November 
with  their  work  incomplete. 

When  a  suit  was  entered  by  the  vigilant  lawyers  of  the 
Trustees,  an  arbitration  was  arranged  and  the  Erie  partners 
required  to  refund  |1033  of  the  monies  paid  them.  After  the 
scaffolding  had  stood  about  the  abandoned  structure  tlirough 
the  winter  of  1823-4,  the  Board  completed  the  roofing  and 
protected  the  interior  from  the  weather.  A  contract  was  made 
with  Harm  Jan  Huidekoper  to  furnish  glass  and  paint,  the 
Trustees  hiring  occasional  workmen  to  finish  minor  j^ortions 
of  the  inside  of  the  east  wing.  The  crying  need,  as  it  had 
been  for  years,  was  the  funds  to  bring  Bentley  Hall  to  the 
perfection  that  was  so  devotedh'  desired. 

In  the  memorial  to  the  Pennsylvania  Assend)ly  in  Decem- 
ber, 1820,  the  Trustees  reinforced  their  appeal  for  an  appro- 
priation by  citing  tlie  generosity  of  citizens  of  other  States 
to  Alleghany.  The  gifts  of  Bentley  and  Thomas  were  said  to 
form  a  library  much  more  valuable  than  that  possessed  by 
Dartmouth  College,  tliirt}'  years  after  its  establishment, 
though  it  Avas  patronized  by  the  King  of  England  and  many 
of  the  nobility.  Tlie  Senate,  through  its  committee  on  edu- 
cation, sent  out  a  (piestionnaire  to  tlie  college  which  Timothy 
Alden  knew  how  to  answer  to  the  highest  advantage  of  his 
institution.  Tlie  college  had  an  influential  Trustee,  Gen. 
Henry  Ilurst,  in  Ihe  Senate.  AVhen  the  bill  to  allow  Jell'erson 
and  A\'ashington  Colleges  each  |.">000  was  ])ending,  he  was  able 
1o  lia\<'  Alleghany  added  1o  the  fiivored  list,  by  a  vote  of  24  to 
~K  on  Feb.  7. 

Patrick  Farrelly,  iinolher  jti-ominent  Trustee,  sat  in  ihe 
Honse,  and  that  body  concni-red  in  the  gift  to  Alleghany.  The 
libei'al  provisions  of  this  jict  began  in  1820,  so  a  portion  was 
.'it  once  iivniliible.  and   1  hereafter,  one  tlionsand  yeai-ly.     This 

[  40  ] 


11IST()J{V  OF  AIJ.KCJIIKXV   COLLECJE 

timely  aid  niado  possible  llie  start  on  tlie  walls  of  Beutley 
Hall.  }iu\  the  Hoai-d  did  not  abandon  its  ]H'of;rain  of  sending 
annnal  i-eqnests  to  the  lej;islatoi-s.  The  plea  of  l>ecenibei', 
1S21,  was,  that  since  the  fonndation  had  been  laid,  lai'ger  snnis 


Isaiah  Thomas,  LL.D.,  from  a  painting  presented  to  the  CoUege 

were  required  at  earlier  dates  to  conijdete  the  superstructure. 
The  bill,  introduced  into  the  House  by  James  Cochrane,  of 
Crawford,  i)rovided,  that  the  >f4000  i)reviously  voted  be  ])aid  in 
two  successive  yearly  installments,  and  that  the  undrawn  do- 
nation lands  in  the  Senatorial  district  be  given  to  Alleghany 

[   41    ] 


HISTOKV   OF   ALLi:(JHK.\V   COUAHiK 

Colleye.  The  <>|»i>()sitioii  to  the  iiieasnre  kej»t  it  from  a  third 
reading. 

After  another  year  had  passed,  the  I^oard  l»ohlly  eidarged 
its  demands  n]K)n  the  Commonwealth.  It  wanted  s5(l()(>  to 
cai-rv  forward  tlie  work  on  Bentley,  -If^O.OOO  to  establish  })ro- 
fessorships,  and  certain  donation  lands  in  Crawford  Connty. 
The  i»eople  of  Mea<lville  were  shown  to  be  worthy  of  assistanee. 
because  of  their  large  efforts  at  self  help,  having  subscribed 
many  thousand  dollars  to  the  college,  the  turni)ike  and  the 
]inblic  county  buildings,  besides  having  built  a  bi-ick  meeting 
house  by  an  association  of  the  citizens.  The  ]ioard  luul  been 
possibly  encouraged  to  its  action  by  the  educational  rei)ort  of 
the  Senate  of  .March  1st,  lS:i2,  which  accorded  high  ])raise  to 
Alk'ghany,  as  compare<l  with  other  State  colleges.  It  said, 
*Moi-e  had  been  accomplished  in  ]\Ieadville,  than  the  most  san- 
guine exjx'ctations  ha<l  conceived.  It  has  ardent  and  i)erse- 
vering  fi"ien<ls  and  the  gifts  to  it  show  that  its  interests  have 
struck  a  dee|»  root  in  the  i)ublic  mind."  But  no  arguments 
could  move  the  obdurate  legislators  of  both  H<uises,  and  tlie 
purse  strings  were  not  loosed,  as  long  as  a  jxu-tion  of  the  grant 
of  1S21  remained  to  be  dole<l  out. 

The  im]>assioned  su]>i)oi-t  by  Col.  .lames  Cochrane  of  the 
])ill  to  a]>i>ropi-iate  certain  lands  in  Crawfor<l  County  to  the 
]-elief  of  the  college  may  account  foi-  the  raising  of  some  ca]»- 
tious  op]»osition.  The  act,  lunvevei-,  ]>assed  the  House  and 
failed  in  the  Senate.     Il<'  thus  s]>oke: 

"Relief  would  come  like  a  powerful  auxiliary  to  a  half  vanquished, 
but  meritorious  army.  The  enterprise  of  the  West  has  ridden  tri- 
umphant over  every  opposition.  An  enthusiastic  ambition  has  enabled 
our  fathers  to  meet  and  conquer  dirticulties,  from  which  even  Hope 
shrunk  with  horror  and  Coura.^e  stood  atjhast.  If  departed  spirits  had 
oujiht  to  do  with  mortals  here  below,  then  mij;ht  the  soul  of  a  Bentley 
or  the  heaven-inspired  mind  of  a  Winthrop  descend  to  the  floor  of  this 
legislative  hall  and  open  the  minds  of  the  members  to  the  same  liber- 
;ilily,  which  these  eastern  men  extended  toward  the  infant  Institution. 
The  vjenerosity  of  their  dyini;  moments  will  be  loni;  remembered  by 
the  people  of  Western  Pennsylvania,  and  the  effect  of  their  donations 
to  our  little  seminary  will  be  enjoyed,  when  their  ashes  shall  cease  to 
exist  in  the  tombs  of  their  fathers." 

I    4-J    1 


insT<)i{v  OF  AiJj:(Jin':xv  ('<)Lij-:(ii-: 

The  iiu'iiiorial  of  ISL*:',  to  ilic  Lcjiislatiirc  took  aiiotlicr  tack; 
it  ask(Ml  foi-  a  loan  of  ."<.■)()(►(»  for  tcMi  years.  Jiiit  still  the  coUeg'.' 
knocked  in  vain.  The  jKMitions  of  the  Hoai-d  thei-eafter  had  a 
iH>te  of  firave  feai-.  Tliere  were  ])ressin«;'  dehts  of  .SlJ5()0  to  the 
workmen,  and  the  possibility  of  lepil  action  apiiiist  Bentley 
Hall  and  the  ]»recions  liln-ai-y  had  to  he  faced.  It  seemed  as  if 
a  real  conspiracy  had  been  formed  in  the  (Jeneral  Assembly 
against  AUej^hany,  since  in  the  session  of  ISlJo-O,  separate 
bills,  introduced  in  each  House  lor  the  aid  of  the  oolle<j;e. 
failed  by  the  nai-row  marj;in  of  one  vote.  The  siibscri])tioiis 
made  in  the  flush  tinu's  of  ISIT)  had  uot  been  uwi  at  l^he  crisis 
of  buildiuij.  The  first  call  for  ]»aynuMit,  in  1S21,  was  l>ased  on 
ten  ]>er  cent  of  the  ]»bMl<ie.  Then  twenty-tive  ])er  cent  was 
asked.  An  otticial  estimate  was  made  iu  1820,  that  one-third 
of  the  total  could  not  be  collected.  Of  the  one-thousand-dollar 
subscri|>tiou  of  Wallace  and  (Irilbth,  Wallace  ]»aid  five  hun- 
dred. A  Aery  ])roniineut  "associator"'  had  his  fi<»ure  reduced 
by  the  I>oard  from  live  hundred  1o  one  hundred  fifty  dollars 
Several  amounts  were  entirely  remitted. 

Slowly  as  Bentley  Hall  was  made  available  to  house  the 
college,  iu  the  matter  of  that  other  ])rime  essential,  a  library, 
Allefihauy  in  a  sin<>le  bound  advaiu-ed  from  its  already  uotable 
wealth  of  books  in  1S20  to  a  ])ositioii  of  national  ])re-emineuce. 
by  an  astoundinju;  and  unprecedented  becpiest  made  ])ul)lic 
Oct.  :'>,  ISi'l.  TIk^  IJoston  Patiuot  announced,  that  "the  Hou. 
James  Winthroi>,  lately  deceased  in  Candu-idjic,  had  devised 
liis  libi-ary.  one  of  the  best  ]»rivate  libraries  in  the  I'liion,  to 
.\ll(\<ihany  Collejie.  This  collejie  beyond  the  mountains  stands 
a  fair  chance  of  ]»ossessinji'  the  best  collection  of  books  of  au> 
seminary  in  the  uatiou." 

•lames  Winthro]),  thoujih  an  older  man.  was  another  of  the 
choice  friends  of  Timothy  Alden  and  the  familiar  of  William 
B<'ntley.  He  Avas  a  desccMidant  of  the  famed  first  jiovernor  aud 
llie  m'raudson  of  the  chief  justice  of  Massachusetts.  Ills  father, 
•lolin  Winthro]),  A\as  ]»i-ofessor  of  mathematics  an<l  natural 
]»hilosophy  in  Harvard  Collejic  from  17:>S-7!»,  beinji  the  founder 
of  the  science  of  seismolo^v.  danu's  was  born  in  ('andtrid<;e 
in    17.")L'   and    graduated   at    Harvard    in    1T(;!».      l-'ljihtinu'  as   a 

[  r.\  ] 


Juflsre  Winthrop.  from  a  painting  owned  by  the  College 


IIISTOKV  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

patriot,  he  was  wouiuled  at  liiinker  Hill.  From  1772  to  17S7, 
he  held  the  position  of  librarian  in  Harvard.  Then  he  became 
Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  IMeas.  He  also  served  as 
Kegister  of  Probate,  just  as  liis  father  before  him  liad  been 
Judge  of  the  l*robate  Court.  Judge  James  AVinthrop  was  one 
of  the  charter  Trustees  of  Alleghany  in  LSI  7  and  in  the  first 
anniversary  commencement,  that  year,  the  honorary  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Laws  was  conferred  ui)on  him. 

The  following  letter  is  indicative  of  his  deep  interest  in  the 
enterprise  of  his  fe]b)w  alumnus: 

Cambridge,   19  Sept.,    I8l7. 
Rev.  Sir: 

I  was  in  season  honored  by  your  polite  letter  of  28th  July,  inform- 
ing me  of  the  act  of  your  University,  which  conferred  on  me  the 
Degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws.  It  will  be  readily  conceived,  without  any 
taking  pains  otherwise  to  convince  you  of  it,  that  so  great  an  honor 
was  very  gratifying  to  me;  and  the  idea  of  having  my  name  inserted 
in  the  Catalogue  of  their  Worthies,  and  of  their  Trustees,  together 
with  that  of  my  much  esteemed  friend,  the  Reverend  Dr.  McKean,  by 
another  Friend,  whom  I  have  always  esteemed  for  his  merit,  and  now 
still  more  for  his  work's  sake,  has  taken  fast  hold  of  my  heart.  You 
have  planted  the  laurel  on  the  heights  of  Alleghany,  and  my  prayers 
are  not  wanting  that  you  may  soon  have  the  pleasure  of  seeing  the 
wilderness  blossom  as  the  rose  and  of  contemplating  with  joy  the  work 
of  your  own  hand. 

With  incessant  desires  for  the  prosperity  of  your  University,  and  for 
all  personal  engagements  to  you,  I  have  the  honor  to  be.  Rev.  Sir, 

Your  most  obedient  servant. 
Rev.  President  Alden.  James  Winthrop. 

The  Dianj  of  Win.  Bentlcij  affords  a  minnt(\  almost  prying 
record  of  the  steady  growth  of  the  Winthroj)  collection.  In- 
stead of  attending  the  graduation  exercises  of  Harvard  each 
August,  the  pilgrinmge  of  the  Salem  pastor  to  Cambridge 
ended  in  the  library  of  his  friend.  He  notes  the  addition  of 
the  origiiml  French  Encyclope<lia  of  Diderot,  the  purchase  of 
the  books  of  Dr.  Afayhew  and  the  coming  of  many  other  treas- 
ures during  the  successive  years.  The  housing  of  the  library 
was  especially  attractive  to  Dr.  Bentley  and  he  alludes  fre- 
quently to  the  elal>orate  alcoves  for  the  volumes  in  The  home 
of  Judge  Wintlirop,  llie  ]>lan  being  the  one  used  as  Librarian 


IIISTOKV   OF  ALLKdllENV   ('()LLK(;K 

of  H;n-v;ir<l.  TIumv  were  many  keen  discnssions  iu  these 
scliolnrly  ]»i-ecincts.  The  conirades  descanting-  n])on  their 
])hil(>s()]»hies  <»f  life.  How  intensely  the  busy  man  from  Salem 
enjoyed  the  retreat  of  a  day!  The  Diari/  whis])ers  his  deliiiht; 
"a  lovely  circle  <»f  friends  «iave  me  i;reat  j)leasnre." 

The  tii'st  modest  valnation  jdaced  upon  the  Winihrop  be- 
(jnest  to  Allejihany  was  six  thousand  dollars.  Later,  a  fairer 
estimate  was  said  to  be  ten.  Many  of  the  books  were  the  work 
of  the  best  J'>n<ilish  and  Continental  presses,  with  here  and 
there  the  rare  and  famous  handici-aft  of  the  l^lzevirs.  The 
last  will  and  testament  of  .hidt>e  Winthrop  was  made  June 
1*4.  ISIS.  antedatin<i  that  of  Dr.  IJentley  by  a  year.  The  instiai- 
ment  is  hi<ihly  characteristic: — 

1.  James  Winthrop  of  Cambridge,  beiiiij  in  my  usual  state  of  heahh 
and  advanced  to  that  time  of  life,  at  which  it  has  pleased  God  to  call 
most  of  my  ancestors  out  of  the  world,  do.  with  a  view  lo  reward 
some  virtuous  attachments,  of  which  1  have  received  the  benelit,  make 
this  my  last  will  and  testament. 

1  desire  to  express  my  thanks  to  the  Author  of  my  being  for  having 
tilled  up  my  measure  of  time  hitherto  by  a  course  of  innocent  enjoy- 
ments and  for  the  good  measure  of  health  afforded  me;  and  when  I 
quit  this  life,  1  trust  that  mv  faith  in  the  Christian  system  will  sustain 
me,  believing  that  in  whatever  state  of  being  Divine  Providence  will 
see  ti[  to  place  me.  1  shall  have  in  endless  progression  all  the  happiness 
of  which    my   faculties   shall   then   render   me   capable. 

The  wills,  that  I  heretofore  made  having  been  annulled  by  the  death 
of  the  persons  for  whom  it  was  intended  to  provide.  I  do  hereby  revoke 
and  declare  to  be  null  and  void. 

Imprimis;  to  my  friend,  the  Hon.  Wm.  Spooner.  Hsq..  of  Boston,  I 
give  my  gold  kneebuckles. 

Item.  To  my  friend,  the  Rev.  William  Bentley  of  Salem,  1  give  a 
gold  stock  buckle,  my  sleeve  buttons  and  broach,  being  those  1  com- 
monly  wear. 

Item.  To  my  friend,  the  Hev.  Thaddeus  Harris,  who  to  other  evi- 
dences of  friendshi]).  has  added  that  of  naming  his  son  for  me.  1  give 
three   hundred  dollars. 

item.  1  direct  my  e.xecutor  to  pay  a  legacy  to  .Wiss  Ann  Hilliard. 
who  now  lives  with  me,  the  sum  of  live  hundred  dollars,  over  and 
above  that  due  her  from  the  stipend  of  one  dollar  and  tiftv  cents  per- 
week,  from  iJec.    12,    1S17. 

item.      To   the    University   of   Harvard   (College    1    bequeath    two    ma- 


mSTOK'V   OF   ALLKCJHKXV    COLLKCK 

iu))j;aiiy    cases,    beiiiii    my    collection    of    ancient    and    modern    coins.      1 
wish  for  their  sake  that  the  collection  was  more  perfect. 

Item.  It  has  been  a  favorite  object  with  me  to  have  a  good  library 
and  I  thank.  God  for  enabling  me  to  collect  a  pretty  extensive  one;  and 
one  that  has  afforded  me  much  satisfaction  in  the  use  of  it.  As  none  of 
my  relatives  has  any  particular  taste  for  books  and  I  am  loth  to  admit 
the  idea,  that  my  whole  labor  and  expense  in  making  the  collection  will 
be  lost,  I  give  and  dispose  of  it  as  follows,  viz.:  1  will  that  all  my  books 
of  English  poetry,  all  novels  and  sermons  in  English,  be  divided  equally 
between  Mrs.  Harriet  Peck  and  the  Rev.  Thaddeus  Harris. 

Item.  All  the  rest  and  residue  of  my  books  I  give  to  the  Alleghany 
College  at  .Meadville  in  Pennsylvania,  whereof  the  Rev.  Timothy  Alden 
is  President,  with  my  best  prayers  to  God  for  the  success  and  utility 
of  that  Institution. 

Tlicrc  \v('i-('  two  cspccialiy  liii]»|»\-  iiicidculs  in  the  ]>;itlietic 
(■jirccr  ol'  Tiiiiotliv  Aldcii.  wlicii  it  scchkmI  as  if  the  l>ri<;lit 
\  isioiis  of  his  son!  were  liciiiji  rcalizcil.  One  was  llic  i.iviii};  of 
llic  coi-iKM-  stone  of  IJcntlcy  Hall;  the  oilier  was  the  foniial 
accejttance  of  the  h'jiacv  of  .lud^c  \\'int  liro]).  The  books  of 
Di*.  JJentley  and  Isaiah  Thomas  had  been  sent  by  \\atei'  to 
l'hiladeli)hia.  and  thence  cat-ted  to  rittslnii-<ih  an<l  on  to  Mead- 
\ille,  at  a  cost  e.\ceedin«i  one  hundred  dollars.  l>ut  to  enter 
into  the  handsome  beiiuest  at  ('and>ridu'e.  tlie  ]>resence  of  the 
I'^)nnder  of  Alh^uhany  was  recpiired.  His  hand  and  eye 
directed  all  the  ]>rei)arat ion  for  the  travels  of  the  \'olumes. 
This  famous  lii»rary  was  too  valuable  to  expose  to  the  ])erils  of 
the  sea.  Three  tons  of  books  in  thirteen  bo.xes  were  :ntrust<Ml 
to  the  teamsters  of  Boston.  So  borne  in  wa«i,<»ns  throujih 
Albany  and  JJutfalo.  the  precious  frei<;ht  canu'  on  to  l\[ead- 
\ille.  arri\in<i  Sept.  .'!.  ISi'i'. 

The  public  s|»irit  of  the  citizens  found  a  1<'mporarv  home 
for  the  (-(dleji'e  ]»ossessi<)ns,  which  had  now  jirowii  into  a  library 
of  over  seven  thousand  vcdnmes.  'I'hey  were  i»laced  in  tiie 
]»ublic  oltice  buildinji  of  the  county,  which  stood  on  (Miestnut 
Street.  The  rresident.  in  the  midst  of  his  other  ]dannin^-. 
travelin<>'  ami  accustonu'd  attendance  ti]>ou  the  (5euei*al  As- 
senddy  of  the  rresbyterian  Church,  now  prepared  a  complete 
catalojiiu'  of  the  books.  His  e.xperience  as  cataloguer  of  the 
^Fassaidmsetts  and   the  New  York   Hist<M-ical   Society  libraries 

I    47   ] 


Hllr^TOKY   OF  ALLEGHENY   COLLEGE 

was  applied  now  to  the  treasures,  which  were  peculiarly  his 
own,  lor  had  he  not  gained  them,  every  one,  by  his  own  effec- 
live,  personal  solicitation. 

The  Catulogti.s  Bihliothccac  CoUegii  AlleglKinieiisis  was 
issued  in  August,  1823,  from  the  local  printer,  "E  Typis 
Thoniae  Atkinson  et  Soc,  apud  Meadville.''  It  was  a  highly 
creditable  piece  of  work  of  131)  pages.  The  college  used  the 
opportunity  to  i)ublish  a  list  of  all  the  benefactors  of  the 
library,  giving  the  address  and  calling  of  each  one.  Tiie  alert 
collector  and  Founder  stated,  that  the  object  in  publishing  the 
catalogue  was  not  only  to  manifest  gratitude  for  the  unprece- 
dented i)atronage,  which  one  department  of  the  new  institu- 
tion had  enjoyed,  but  that  its  friends,  at  home  and  abroad, 
seeing  what  was  already  bestowed,  could  perceive  what  was 
wanted  to  increase  its  literary  and  scientific  equipment. 

One  of  these  friends  made  this  jtrompt  response,  much 
prized  in  the  archives : 

\^*^  •    fyt-trnJSiU^tLo    /**lf  ./4,  jui. 

rn.t/n.uftui  iu-<A^  a.  frrrJ^*Aj>^  c-^KUjeMjm   ur\.i<y>J>^  CIS,   itHua/v-t-iu^<jBrtVO\im.<Ayr^ 
t         ti  M*7»we/r  «tAN^  Uej:xsrr^J~^Lyy^j3^,  a^vot  fKo/  run-  o^tJm  «/TTru*^«>KJ#»\  ,/»^r«/MM^  • 


(Lftter  of  TlioinaH  Jefferson.) 


HISTOKY   OF  ALLEGIIEXV   COLLEGE 

Tlic  ideal  setting  of  the  future  for  the  library  in  Jieutley 
Hall  was  thus  exj)resse(l  by  Tiniotliy  Abh'u  :  "In  the  edifice, 
whose  majestic  walls  have  already  reache<l  their  intended 
heiji,ht,  there  will  be  one  chand)er,  sixty  l)y  forty-four  feet,  with 
a  tier  of  alcoves,  from  one  extremity  to  the  other,  for  the  loca- 
tion of  the  books  of  this  invaluable  collection,  the  arches  of 
Avhich  will  be  adorned  with  the  names  of  the  chief  donors." 
But  it  was  to  be  seven  years  before  tlie  books  were  brought  to 
their  destined  ])lace  on  College  Hill.  A  large  editioii  of  the 
catalogue  was  nia<le  and  copies  sent  to  the  friends  of  literature 
in  the  T'nited  States.  A  gracious  letter  of  congratulation  came 
fi-om  -lames  ^fadison,  none  from  Adams  or  Moni'oe. 

In  the  early  years,  the  lack  of  a  college  building  limited  the 
nund)er  of  students.  The  instruction  was  given  almost  entirely 
by  the  President.  Students  came  to  the  Alden  home,  near  the 
site  of  the  present  Spencer  Hosjtital,  just  as  in  the  same 
])eriod.  IM-esident  Dwight  of  Yale  received  the  Seniors  at  his 
residence  for  their  daily  work.  A  room  in  the  old  log  court 
house,  later  the  county  jail,  and  a  log  cabin  on  the  outskirts 
of  the  village  were  other  i)hices  for  recitations.  The  largest 
attendance  in  any  one  year  was  fifteen  students,  that  number 
being  enrolled  in  1S21.  The  total  admitted  in  the  five  years 
was  twenty-six.  The  first  graduating  class  of  1821  had  four 
mendjers  There  was  a  single  Bachelor  of  Arts  in  1824  and 
four  in  1820. 

A  sidelight  on  Ihe  small  enrollment  of  the  early  date  is 
afforded  by  a  (pniint  bit  of  comfort,  that  came  from  i)i.  Eben 
Pemberton,  the  former  preceptor  of  Ahkni  and  head  of  the 
Phillips  Andover  Academy,  who  was  given  the  first  honorary 
degree  conferred  by  Alleghany,  lie  wi'ote  on  August  12,  1818. 
thus : 

"You  observe  your  freshman  class  is  small.  The  classes  at  Harvard 
College  were  small  in  the  beginning.  Look  into  its  catalogue.  You  will 
see  in  some  years  one  name  only,  in  others  not  one.  May  Alleghany 
College  like  that  grow  and  prosper." 

The  s]>irit  of  the  students  of  the  Alden  regime  nmy  well  be 
exemjditied  in  the  instance  of  the  Founder's  ne])hew,  Oliver 
Alden  Taylor,  of  ^lassachusetts.    This  youth  of  nineteen  (pmli- 

[   40   ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

fied  to  become  a  beneficiary  of  the  American  Education  Society 
by  passing  the  test  at  Williams  College,  and  then  set  out  on 
loot  to  cover  the  five  hundred  miles  to  Meadville.  He  made 
the  journey  in  seventeen  days  at  a  cost  of  |5.60  and  arrived  in 
time  to  recite  the  Ode  to  Science,  at  the  laying  of  the  corner 
stone  of  Bentley  Hall  in  1820.  Taylor  lived  in  the  home  of  the 
President  and  was  at  first  only  a  "Probationer,"  needing  to 
prepare  his  classics.    He  also  taught  school  in  the  county. 

His  journal  under  date  of  July  18.  1821,  has  this  entry: 
''Today  I  am  twenty  years  of  age  and  have  been  admitted  a 
Freshman  in  Alleghany  College;  to  the  Almighty  I  direct  my 
prayer  for  assistance  in  discharging  the  implied  duties."  His 
uncle  was  absent  often  on  college  afl'airs,  and  it  meant  a 
serious  interruption  in  recitations  to  this  earnest  candidate 
for  the  ministry.  Later,  he  transferred  to  Union  College  to 
complete  his  course,  though  Alleghany  gave  him  also  the 
Bachelor's  degree  in  182G.  The  youth  had  a  profound  love  and 
reverence  for  the  President  and  appreciated  the  crushing 
responsibilities  that  weighed  upon  him.  The  life  of  Taylor 
was  cut  short,  while  he  was  preparing  an  adequate  sketch  of 
the  career  of  Timothy  Alden. 

The  graduation  of  the  first  class  from  Allegliany  was  an 
event  of  especial  joy  to  the  I*resident,  for  among  its  members 
were  his  two  sons.  The  little  group  of  four  had  through  the 
five  years  appeared  on  many  academic  occasions,  but  the  cul- 
minating blaze  of  glory  was  supplied  in  the  event  of  1821.  Yet 
the  final  symbol  of  work  done  was  not  then  given.  The  (iijiloma 
had  be<Mi  a  matter  of  correspondence  and  deliberation  for 
years  and  not  until  1824  was  the  quaint  design  engraved  which 
adorned  Allegheny  sheepskins  many  decades.  The  procession 
formed  on  AYater  street,  opposite  Torbett's  Hotel.  The  Mead- 
ville Light  Artillery  was  the  escort  of  honor  to  the  President, 
the  Jioar<l  of  TnistcH's  and  the  Class  of  1821.  The  company 
moved  at  ten  o'clock  1o  the  new  brick  tneeting  house,  where  a 
suitable  stage  for  the  day  iiad  bwu  erected  in  front  of  the 
l»uli»it.     The  official  pi-ogram  was  as  follows: 

[  .">o  ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 


Alleghany  College 


FOURTH   ANNIVERSARY  COMMENCEMENT,  WEDNESDAY, 
FOURTH  OF  JULY. 

MDccrxxi. 

EXEKCrSES  /}}■  THE  CANDIDATES  EOK  THE  BACCALAUREATE. 

1.  Salutatory  oration,  in  Latin,  by 

Robert  Wormsted  Alden 

2.  Hebrew  oration,  by 

Timothy  John  Fox  Alden 

3.  English  oration,  on  astronomy,  by 

David  Derickson 

4.  Greek  oration,  on  geography,  by 

Alexander  Matthew  White 

5.  English  oration,  on  the  importance,  to  the 

United  States,  of  a  navy,  by 

R.   IV.  Alden 

6.  Syriac  oration,  by 

T.  /.  F.  Alden 

7.  English  oration,    on   the   progress  of  Lib- 

erty, by 

A.  M.    White 

8.  German  oration,  on  Washington,  the  glory 

of  his  country,  by 

D.  Derickson 

9.  Valedictory  oration,  in  English,  on  Ameri- 

can Independence,  closing  with  several 
addresses  and  a  respectful  notice  of  Bent- 
ley,  Thomas,  and  other  benefactors  of 
Alleghany  College,  by 

T.  /.  F.  Alden. 


T.  J.  Fox  Aldeii,  who  gave  three  orations  on  this  day,  fol- 
lowing the  paternal  example  at  Harvard  in  liis  Syriac  address, 
was  a  man  of  strong-  personality.    He  was  born  in  I*ortsmonth. 

[  51   ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

N.  H.,  April  12.  1802.  After  his  j^radiiatiou,  he  studied  law, 
being  admitte<l  to  the  bar  at  Meadville  on  August  14.  1823. 
After  fourteen  year.s  he  removed  to  Morgantown.  Va..  and 
thence  to  Pittsburgh,  where  he  was  a  prominent  figure  for  a 
quarter  of  a  century.  A  large  and  important  labor  was  the 
Digest  of  the  Decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court  from  Dallas  lo 
14  Howard,  inclusive.     He  was  very  fluent  as  a  speaker  and 


Timothy  John  Fox  Alden 

an  aide  (h-bater,  engaging  in  nolaltle  contests  o\(M-  religious 
(|ueslions.  He  became  tlie  ])resident  of  the  fii-st  asscK-iation  of 
tlie  alumni  of  Alleglieny.  formed  in  1847.  lie  mariied  the 
daughtei-  of  Cornelius  \'an  Horn  of  Meadville.  and  upon  his 
death,  Aug.  ;*>.  1S.')7.  was  survi\-ed  by  tw<>  daughters  and  a  son. 
T]\{'  pervei'sity  of  fortune  in  tin*  affairs  of  the  college 
was  also  evidenced  in  the  several  vain  attempts  to  secure 
instiuetoi's.     ilex'.  IJobei-t  .lohiiston  depai-ted  before  the  charter 


IllSTOliV   OF   ALLKdllKXV   COJ.LECJE 

came.  liev.  Frederick  llever,  of  tlie  Liitliei-au  Cliiircli,  later 
famed  as  a  missionary  in  India,  was  invited  in  1818  to  be  tlie 
l)rofessor  of  (German,  but  a  call  to  a  Maryland  parish  took 
him  from  Ci-awford  county.  l{ev.  -lohn  Xnn  Liew,  the  Presby- 
rerian  jiastor  in  Meadville,  was  made,  in  18-1,  the  professor 
of  Khetoric  and  Belle  Lettres,  but  he  likewise  removed.  In 
April,  1822,  David  Derickson,  the  j^raduate  of  1821,  was  em- 
ployed as  a  tutor  by  the  Trustees,  teachinj^  a  year  and  a  half 
in  the  Latin  and  Greek  school,  which  the  college  conducted  in 
rivalry  with  the  academy.  Mr.  Derickson  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  182:>,  and  became  a  Trustee  of  the  college  within  a  few 
years. 

It  was  naturally  the  lack  of  funds  that  precluded  au  in- 
crease in  the  teaching  staff.  President  Alden  sought  dili- 
gently to  devise  methods  for  the  endowment  of  professorial 
chairs.  Having  led  in  the  founding  of  the  Western  Star  Lodge 
of  Masons  in  1817,  this  society  seemed  a  likely  agency  for  the 
promotion  of  the  interests  of  the  college.  It  was  proposed  to 
establish  the  Architectonic  Mathematical  I*rofessorship  of 
Alleghany  College.  The  local  brethren  subscribed  eight  hun- 
dred dollars  and  then,  on  April  18.  1822,  issued  a  call  for  aid 
from  the  Lodges  of  the  State. 

"Residing  in  a  remote  part  of  our  Commonwealth,  where  the  light 
of  literature  and  science  is  much  wanted,  and,  where  within  a  few 
years,  a  college  has  been  located  under  prospects  of  extensive  useful- 
ness to  the  present  and  future  generations,  and  actuated  by  the  desire 
of  seeing  it  rise  and  shed  its  blessings  in  these  regions  of  the  west,  we 
have  commenced  a  subscription,  which  it  is  our  ardent  wish  may  be  con- 
lined  to  the  Craft,  the  object  of  which  is  to  raise  a  fund  for  endowing 
a  Mathematical  Professorship,  Mathematics  having  ever  claimed  the 
special  fostering  care  of  Masons." 

Many  of  the  Trustees  at  Meadville  were  Free  and  Accepted 
Masons,  and  in  their  name  Timothy  Alden  went  forth  to  solicit 
funds  for  the  new  enter]>rise.  The  (Jrand  Lodge  at  Philadel- 
phia, on  June  .'!.  added  its  a]»]»roval.  After  traveling  eleven 
hundred  miles,  in  Sei)teml)er  the  I'resident  had  secured  $102 
in  cash  and  |75  in  subscriptions.  The  Board  voted  the  amount 
to  him  for  his  ex]ienses,  and  the  Harvard  scholar  continued  to 

[   -5   ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

be  the  professor  of  mathematics,  as  well  as  of  all  subjects  in 
the  ciirricuhim  of  Alleghany  College. 

Another  project  was  at  once  begun  to  induce  the  Germans 
of  I'ennsyhania  and  other  parts  of  the  United  States  to  raise 
a  fund  ''for  a  learned  professor,  whose  duty  it  shall  be,  not 
only  to  teach  the  comprehensive  and  energetic  German  lan- 
guage, but  to  exercise  his  talents  in  disseminating  the  light  of 
German  literature  and  science."  The  President  prepared  a 
gracious  letter  in  German  and  in  English,  and  it  was  circu- 
lated in  an  attractive  form.  He  laid  the  plan  before  the  Luth- 
eran and  Reformed  Synods,  but  Alleghany  was  located  too 
remote  from  the  centers  of  German  population  in  the  State, 
and  the  call  met  with  no  response. 

The  next  notable  endeavor  by  the  college  was  made  in  1825, 
when  the  General  Assembly  of  the  I*resbyteriau  Church  had 
asked  for  a  suitable  location  for  the  Western  Theological  Sem- 
inary. The  Trustees  offered  the  use  of  the  extensive  library, 
with  its  contents  expressed  in  thirty  languages,  and  the  pos- 
session of  one-half  of  Bentley,  free  for  ten  years.  The  citizens 
met  in  mass  meeting  in  the  Court  House,  and  raised  a  fund 
available,  if  Meadville  should  be  the  site  chosen.  The  Board 
entered  in  correspondence  with  Gen.  Andrew  Jackson  and 
other  Commissioners,  placing  a  valuation  of  >>20,000  on  the 
college  library  and  ^20,000  on  Bentley  Hall,  when  completed, 
as  inducements  for  the  diurcli  favor.  But  the  Presbyterians 
did  not  care  to  share  half  a  plant,  and  gave  tlieir  choice  to  the 
Allegheny  town,  adjoining  the  growing  city  of  Pittsburgh. 

Tlie  antagonistic  forces  which  ruled  the  l*ennsylvania  Leg- 
islatni-e  in  withholding  aid  from  Alleghany  in  the  severe  years 
(}\  struggle  to  build  JV'iitley  Hall  were  two-fold.  There  was  the 
ever  latent  Stale-wide  hostility  to  jtnblic  and  higher  educa- 
tion; Ihere  was  also  the  scorn  of  the  older,  eastern  section  for 
the  western.  In  the  session  of  1S2(>,  when  the  much-needed 
•  lonation  was  so  nearly  v<>ted,  Dickinson  <'ollege  received  a 
grant  of  .'<21.(I00.  The  "watch-dog",  Dewart,  of  Commonwealth 
linances,  raised  the  false  hue  and  cry,  that  tlie  ])ublic  treasure 
w;is  being  fi-ittei'ed  away  on  a  half  dozen  ccdlege  west   of  the 

[  54  ] 


IIISTOKY  OF  ALLK(}IIEXY  COLLEGE 

mouiitains.  But  Timothy  Aldeii  was  not  dismayed.  He  con- 
tinued to  proclaim  in  press  and  letters  his  faith  in  his  school. 
In  the  CKAwruKD  Mksse.\(;kr,  he  wrote,  "The  opportunity  of  a 
classical  education  must  have  weij^ht  with  the  liberally 
minded.  By  disseminatin<;-  knowledj^e  among  the  citizens  gen- 
erally and  titting  them  to  i)articipate  in  the  councils  of  the 
Commonwealth  and  the  Nation,  it  will  serve  the  political  sys- 
tem. The  President  himself  may  i)rol)al»ly  at  no  distant  day 
trace  his  elevation  to  that  high  station  to  the  instructions 
received  in  Alleghany  College." 

Thonuis  Atkinon,  a  charter  Ti-ustee  of  the  college,  the 
pioneer  editor  of  the  Mi;ssi:\(;i:r  and  first  burgess  of  Meadville, 
when    incorporated,   became   the   Bepresentative   of  Crawford 


Thoma.s  Atkinson 
[    ^^    ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

CoiiiiTy  in  The  House  of  1S2G-T.  On  April  12,  both  branches 
agreed  to  a  gift  of  s4000  to  Alleghany  to  be  paid  in  four  years. 
There  was  a  new  spirit  at  Harrisburg.  possibly,  one  of  shame, 
ilr.  Atkinson  reported :  "The  bill  passed  without  a  dissenting 
voice  in  the  House.  Members  arose  spontaneously  in  all 
quarters  to  support  it.  leaving  one  scarcely  room  to  edge  in  a 
word  by  way  of  explanation.  I  feel  a  deep  sense  of  gratitude 
to  all  the  members  for  the  kindness  paid  to  the  proposition  I 
had  tlie  lionor  to  submit." 

With  resources  noAV  available,  an  order  was  given  in  June 
to  build  the  cui>ola  on  Bentley,  and  on  Dec.  31,  1827,  David 
Dick,  one  of  the  Trustees,  took  the  contract  at  §3000  to  finish 
the  interior  of  the  Hall,  particularly  the  west  and  middle  por- 
tions, long  untouched.  The  east  wing  was  in  a  fashion  habi- 
table. A  popular  subscription  in  1825  of  a  day's  work  each 
had  brought  Trustees,  alumni  and  citizens  to  the  task  of  split- 
ting laths  for  this  first  part  of  the  building  to  be  completed. 
Mr.  Dick  was  to  receive  the  three  remaining  annual  install- 
ments of  the  State  donation,  l)ut  subject  to  claims  for  Petrie's 
work  of  1821.  and  other  college  debts.  For  any  shortage,  he 
was  assigned  un]»aid  pledges  and  a  mortgage  on  the  property. 

With  all  his  attention  to  college  afi'airs.  Timothy  Aldea 
was  no  recluse,  no  man  of  abstract  thinking  and  solitary 
a]>i)lication  to  books.  From  181(i  to  1821,  upon  tlie  api»oint- 
ment  of  tlie  Society  for  the  l*roi)agation  of  the  Gospel  Among 
the  Indians,  lie  was  busy  a  part  of  each  year,  usually  August 
and  Se])tend)er,  on  extensive  missionary  journeys  among  the 
Scnecas  and  Mnnsees  of  AVestern  New  York  and  l*ennsylvania. 
Tliese  tri])s.  four  in  number,  varied  from  300  to  r>00  miles  in 
length.  He  visited  settlement  after  settlement,  especially  that 
of  the  noted  G<)rn]»lanter,  ]>reaching  the  gospel  through  inter- 
l»i-eters.  ministering  as  best  he  could  to  those  whom  he  always 
refei-red  to  as  a  "noble  race  of  men." 

hi  Meadville.  though  sometimes  called  visionary,  and 
smiled  at  for  his  ]»rojecls.  he  won  and  held  a  deej)  alfection 
and  <'steem.  He  was  Meadville's  famous  man.  Public  occa- 
sions always  called  for  an  a<ldress  from  him.     Freciueiitly  he 

f    .",(;   1 


IIISTOJJV   OF  ALLK(5HKNY   COLLEGE 

(served  as  siii>]»ly  jtastor  for  (he  J*resl»ytei-iaii  Clmrcli,  tliougli 
(lecliniiii;  a  jx'i'iuaiiciit  ai)]K)iii1in(Mit.  He  was  the  clerjijyinau  to 
wliom  tlie  Yonn^'  iie()])le  went  for  the  sacrainciit  of  marriage. 
His  gentleness  extended  to  rivalry  in  gardening  and  otlier 
domestic  pursuits. 

When  the  miserable  wretch  of  the  community  was  led  to 
Hie  scatlold  before  the  assend)led  citizens,  it  was  Kev.  Timothy 
Alden  who  ])reached  the  sermon,  as  was  the  custom  of  the  day, 
and  h'd  ilie  ci*aven  s]>irit  in  an  honorable  fearlessness  to  expi- 
ate his  crime  as  the  laws  of  man  decreed.  Sturdy  and  erect 
of  frame,  of  handsome  featni-e,  and  cultured  bearing,  was  the 
descrii)tion  he  bore.     His  ])()rtrait  indicates  fairly  the  eyes  of 


Rev.  Timothy  Alden 

remarkable  strength  and  beauty.  It  is  a  faithful  saying  and 
meriting  record,  that  he  ever  bore  the  respect  of  those  who 
knew  him  best. 

It  goes,  as  a   matter  of  course,   that   he  was  a  lover  of 

[  r>7  ] 


HIvSTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

children.  His  own  house  was  blessed  in  this  respect.  In  him, 
it  is  said  that  boys  and  girls  imposed  an  instant  trust  by  that 
sure  instinct  of  childhood  that  seldom  goes  astray.  This  is 
the  testimony  over  and  over  again,  by  men  who  only  a  few 
years  ago  were  able  to  give  a  boyhood  recollection  of  the 
scholar. 

Worthy  as  Timothy  Alden  is  of  endless  jjraise  for  his 
lidelity  to  the  ideal  of  a  college  to  be  reared  amid  the  hard- 
ships and  hindrances  of  the  frontier,  our  Founder  is  even 
more  illustrious  for  the  absolute  forgetfulness  of  self,  the 
purest  altruism  in  which  he  pursued  his  consuming  ambition. 
All  through  the  years,  he  labored  without  compensation.  The 
expenses  of  his  trips  for  the  college  were  generally  repaid  him, 
l)ut  no  salary  provision  for  him  was  made  by  the  Trustees. 
The  Board  recorded  its  warm  gratitude  for  the  donations  he 
gained,  and  then  said,  "though  desirous  to  be  just,  we  must 
be  restricted  within  the  limits  of  our  means."'  Special  sub- 
scri|)tions  were  proj)osed  for  him  at  various  times.  His  self- 
sacrifice  and  devotion  were  to  some  degree  duplicated  in 
others.  Samuel  Torbett  and  Samuel  Lord  endorsed  personally 
the  Treasurer's  note,  given  to  purchase  building  materials. 

Every  trip  to  the  East,  and  the  President  was  a  persistent 
traveller,  resulted  in  some  additional  gift  to  the  college.  Mis- 
tress Eunice  Day,  daughter  of  Rev.  Habijah  "Weld,  and  the 
aunt  of  Alden,  died  at  Attleborough,  Mass.,  leaving  ^-tOO  to 
found  a  scholarship  for  "hopefully  pious  students  of  indigent 
( ircumstan<-es."  A  visit  to  New  York  in  1S2T  was  richly  re- 
)»aid.  for  the  money  was  given  to  secure  the  chemical  apparatus 
and  eciuiitment,  which,  along  with  the  librai-y,  was  featured  in 
the  future  advertis(Mnents  of  the  Institution.  Tncidentally, 
several  \(>lumes  wei-e  ])icked  u])  at  West  Toint,  iii)on  the 
occasion  of  a  call  on  Cousin  Roger  Alden. 

But  now  the  days  wei-e  come,  wlien  all  form;>.l  college 
teaching  ceased.  Tliere  had  Immmi  f«Mir  graduates  in  ISlMI.  The 
re|»ort  in  the  QiKirfcrJi/  Rcf/istrr  of  the  American  Educational 
Society  of  1S27  sl;iled.  that  .VlU'ghany  had  felt  serious  embar- 
vnssnients  in  coiiseciuence  of  unex])ecle(l  delays  in  the  com- 
pletion of  its  Iniildiug.     The  Ti'ustees  canvassed  the  jtossibilitv 

[  ^S  ] 


HI^TOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

(»t'  having  an  agricultural  establishment  added  to  the  college. 
This  phase  of  education  was  attracting  much  attention  else- 
where, and  an  appeal  was  sent  from  Meadville  to  Stephen 
Girard  to  aid  the  ])roject.  The  intimate  ac(pmintance  of  Tim- 
othy Alden  with  the  Sabbatli  School  work,  extending  to  his 
jieriodic  visiting  in  the  county,  led  him  to  consider  the  possi- 
bilit}'  of  eventual  recruits  for  the  college  from  this  source. 
In  the  Qiiartcrlij  Register  of  1820,  the  following  hopeful  note 
appeared : 

"There  is  some  probability  of  a  good  number  of  our  best  Sabbath 
School  learners  in  the  County  of  Crawford,  sons  of  farmers  and  me- 
chanics, shortly  becoming  probationers  of  Alleghany  College.  There 
is  an  excellent  academy  in  Meadville,  where  about  ten  or  twelve  stu- 
dents are  preparing  for  our  college.  It  is  my  wish  to  receive  a  number 
of  students  into  my  family  to  be  under  my  particular  superintendence, 
while  probationers,  that  is,  preparing  for  some  class  of  undergradu- 
ates. 1  wish  for  some  at  least  of  unquestionable  piety,  whose  example 
with  the  divine  blessing  might  give  a  cast  to  the  character  of  the  col- 
lege. In  addition  to  all  the.  duties  1  shall  have  to  perform  in  reference 
to  undergraduates,  1  could  easily  take  this  special  charge.  A  number 
of  worthy  young  men,  whom  I  have  selected  from  our  back  woods  Sab- 
bath Schools,  1  expect  to  become  inmates  in  my  family.  If  with  them, 
1  could  have  some  such  as  the  American  Education  Society  patronizes, 
it  would  be  attended  with  a  happy  efFeci. 

President   Alden." 

The  policy  of  steady  adherence  by  the  Founder  of  Alle- 
ghany to  the  ideals  of  classical  culture,  assessed  in  the  light 
of  the  years  of  scanty  success  for  the  college  scholastically,  led 
to  a  crisis  in  1829.  Several  Trustees  wanted  to  see  something 
more  tangible  and  immediate  after  the  long  struggle  to  create 
an  Institution  in  Meadville.  Judge  Shippeu,  president  of  the 
Board,  as  early  as  January,  1827,  had  suggested  a  military 
feature,  as  more  useful  to  the  community,  aud  the  proposal 
was  discussed  of  devoting  one  half  of  Bentley  Hall  to  a  school, 
similar  to  that  of  Captain  Partridge,  at  Middletown,  Conn. 
President  Alden  made  a  spirited  protest  to  this  scheme,  call- 
ing it  an  alienation  from  the  original  purpose  of  Alleghany, 
and  an  injustice  to  the  several  benefactors.  A  rift  in  the 
pleasant  relations  of  the  Board  and  the  Faculty  appeared,  as 
a  resolution  was  entered  to  inquire,  what  were  the  claims  of 

[  5i^  ] 


HIiSTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

the  President  on  the  college,  and  on  Avhat  terms  he  held  his 
place.  The  military  proposition  lay  in  abeyance  a  few  months, 
bnt  the  logic  of  events  operated  to  break  down  the  stnrdy  oppo- 
sition of  Timothy  Alden. 

Capt.  Alden  Partridge,  formerly  of  the  AVest  Point  Acad- 
emy, came  in  the  fall  to  Meadville  to  look  over  the  plant.  The 
completion  of  Bentley  was  costing  more  money  than  was  in 
prospect.  All  pretense  of  intrnction,  nnder  the  Alden  auspices, 
had  been  abandoned.  No  accesions  were  made  from  Crawford 
County.  On  Dec.  2G,  1828,  the  Trustees  entered  this  formal 
minute:  "We  are  without  funds,  without  teachers  and  pro- 
fessors, except  the  President  of  the  Faculty  of  Arts.  AVe  have 
at  present  no  students  and  no  prospects  of  obtaining  any. 
until  we  have  the  necessary  teachers  and  professors  in  the 
different  branches,  necessary  to  carry  on  a  regular  course  of 
collegiate  studies." 

A  Scientific,  Literary  and  Military  Academy,  fashioned 
after  the  Middletown  plan,  was  voted  by  the  Board,  and  Alden, 
with  Judge  vShippen,  placed  on  the  committee  of  arrangements. 
The  central  part  and  east  wing  of  Bentley  were  assigned,  rent 
free,  for  five  years  to  the  superintendent,  who  should  be  named 
by  Capt.  I'artridge.  The  President  of  the  college  was  to  be  a 
professor  and  the  chaplain  in  the  academy.  occui)ying.  with  his 
family,  tlie  west  wing  of  the  Hall.  -lames  McKay,  of  Norwich, 
Vt.,  was  nominated,  and  a  retpiest  made  of  the  State  for  a 
cannon  and  one  hundred  stand  of  arms.  McKay  appeared 
promptly,  aiul  on  April  27,  1829,  regulations  and  a  course  of 
study  were  prepared.  The  first  of  June  or  July  was  to  see  the 
opening  of  the  school.  A  prospectus  was  to  be  issued,  but 
Tliomas  Atkinson  did  not  have  time  to  print  it. 

McKay  dei>arted  for  Buffalo,  in  May.  with  the  coi)y.  also 
l)eing  on  the  track  of  a  jtossible  academy  in  that  city.  A 
barrier  liad  arisen  in  the  transfer  at  Meadville.  The  Board 
felt  the  atten<lance  should  be  estimated  at  fifty;  tlie  sui)erin- 
tendent  would  not  count  on  over  twenty-five.  lie  also  antici- 
]>ated  a  «lencit  in  tlie  first  year.  He  ]>lanned  for  a  staff"  of 
Ihi-ee.   witli    C;ipt.    I'artridge   as  a   visiting  leclui'er.      McKay 

[   <H)   ] 


HISTOKV   OF   ALLK(JI1EXY   COLLKdE 

wanted  the  Tni.stees  to  share  equally  with  him  the  initial  loss 
in  opening  the  academy.  He  asked,  as  their  <;;uai'antee,  five  hun- 
dred dollars;  the  Hoard  consented  to  only  three  hundred  and 
fifty.  Thus,  hy  a  kindly  l*rovi«lence,  in  due  time,  Alleghany 
was  delivered  from  the  military  experiment.  There  must  have 
been  keen  rejoicing  among  the  proud  lifcrdti  of  the  town, 
when  the  man  who  had  maintained  as  lofty  traditions  of  pure 
scholarship  as  were  cherished  in  any  literary  foundation  in 
America,  was  spared  the  necessity  of  becoming  the  chaplain  to 
a  comi)any  of  ca<lets. 

Now,  suddenly,  the  academic  scene  shifted.  The  college  for 
the  lirst  time  saw  materialize  some  of  the  dreams  of  tilling  the 
long  ago  named  ])rofessorial  chairs.  After  fourteen  years,  it 
was  able  to  announce  an  e(iuipment  for  etticient  and  varied 
instruction.  .luly  brought  the  eve  of  the  comi)letion  of  the 
interior  of  I^entley.  On  .July  '2~},  Keynell  Coates.  M.  I).,  of 
l*Iiiladeli)hia,  was  elected  A\'int]irop  I'rofessor  of  Natural 
riiilosophy  and  I'rofessor  of  diemistry,  and  IJev.  David  Mc- 
Kinney  was  made  I*rofessor  of  Mathenuitics.  Dr.  Coates  had 
visited  Meadville,  and  was  favorably  impressed  with  the  equip- 
ment of  his  department,  later  sui)i)lying  other  nmterials  from 
the  city.  He  ])lanned  to  ]»ractice  his  profession  in  addition 
lo  liis  college  diities.  McKinney  was  a  graduate  of  Jetferson 
College  in  18-1,  and  of  the  IM-inceton  Seminary.  He  supplied  a 
church  in  the  country,  after  having  served  four  years  in  Erie. 
The  ])lan  arranged  was  for  the  President  and  the  i)rofessor  to 
reside  in  the  two  wings  of  the  college  liuilding. 

A  pros]>ectns  of  the  new  order  was  widely  distributed,  ap- 
])earing  also  in  J/azdrd's  Rcijistcr.  The  year  o])ened  Oct.  20, 
;nid  consisted  of  two  sessions  of  twenty-two  weeks  each.  Com- 
mencement being  set  for  the  third  Thursday  in  Sei>tend)er. 
The  announcenicnt  contained  an  elalxu-ate  scheme  of  the  sub- 
jects of  study  and  the  assignments  of  the  Faculty  in  the  four 
college  classes.     The  ])olicy  was  thus  stated  : 

"The  Trustees  believe  that  correct  religious  ]»rinciples  and 
habits  of  devotion  in  literature  ai-e  intinuitely  connected  with 
the  best  intere-^ts  of  mankind,  and  that  every  system  of  educa- 

[  <n  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

tioD.  where  the  knowledge  and  practice  of  revealed  religion  are 
left  ont  of  view,  is  essentially  defective.  They  disclaim,  how- 
ever, all  sectarianism. 

"It  is  intended  that  particular  attention  shall  be  paid  to 
those  general  views  of  nature,  which  form  part  of  a  liberal 
education,  and  are  happily  calculated  to  elevate  the  mind.  Phy- 
siology^, both  vegetable  and  animal,  will  form  part  of  the 
course  of  study.  A  cabinet  of  Geology*  and  Natural  History 
lias  been  commenced." 

Dr.  Coates  gained  a  strong  place  in  the  community.  He 
gave  a  course  of  popular  lectures  on  natural  philosophy  for 
five  months.  In  his  profession  as  a  surgeon,  he  made  notable 
operations.  He  was  elected  at  once  a  Trustee  of  the  college. 
Rev.  David  McKinney  was  also  a  man  of  abilit}',  already  favor- 
ably known  to  the  citizens.  After  leaving  Meadville,  he  held 
important  pastorates,  becoming  later  the  founder  of  the 
Preshyterian  Banner^  the  church  organ  in  the  State,  serving  as 
editor  from  1852  to  1863.  But  the  regime  of  the  Faculty  of 
three  in  Alleghany  lasted  only  a  year.  The  men  had  consented 
to  very  modest  salaries,  two  hundred  dollars  each.  They  were 
to  share  alike  in  the  tuition  receipts,  the  Board  making  up 
any  deficit. 

Tlie  fees  had  been  increased.  The  rate  with  the  Senior  and 
Junior  classes  was  forty  dollars  a  year,  for  the  lower  classes, 
thirty-six.  This  may  have  served  to  restrict  the  attendance,  as 
the  tuition  then  at  Jefferson  College  was  twenty-five  dollars. 
Anyhow,  in  October,  but  six  young  men  presented  themselves 
for  enrollment  in  the  new  recitation  halls  and  laboratories  of 
Bentley.  They  were  one  Junior  and  five  Freshmen  :  J.  M. 
Ellis,  F.  G.  Betts.  J.  C.  (}.  Kennedy,  Samuel  T.  Lord,  ^kfoses  T. 
Miller  and  Joseph  Town.  The  total  receii)ts  from  the  group 
were  one  hundred  and  twenty-eight  dollars,  much  less  than 
the  salary  guaranteed  to  a  single  instructor.  On  August  !.'>. 
18.30,  the  ]»i'ofessor  of  mathematics  resigned,  and  later.  Dr. 
Coates.  The  haunting  fear,  more  than  once  arising  in  the 
past,  that  all  this  labor  for  Alleghany  should  be  premature  or 
xisionarv.  seenuMl  now  to  be  a  disheartening  i-eality.     Building, 

[  02  ] 


HISTOKV  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

books  and  Faculty  had  not  won  the  magic  patronage  of  stu- 
dents. The  I'resbytery  of  Erie  witldield  every  official  encour- 
agement. The  resources  were  painfully  lacking,  the  financial 
reserve  absolutely  nothing,  so  that  the  experiment  could  not 
be  pursued  at  a  losing  rate,  until,  perchance,  the  tide  of 
l)oi)ular  favor  miglit  turn  towards  Meadville. 

Timotln'  Alden  had  rounded  out  his  sacrifice  of  fortune,  of 
yearly  remuneration,  of  the  toil  of  his  best  years  and  of  the 
companion  of  his  home.  The  Library  remained  his  solace.  He 
continued  to  officiate  as  librarian,  his  office  since  1821,  serving 
the  volumes  to  the  favored  patrons  each  Monday.  The  books 
had  been  removed  from  the  public  office  building  to  the  new 
Court  House  in  1820.  But  on  November  20,  1830,  they  were 
brought  by  the  generous  and  loyal  citizens  to  the  noble  edifice, 
built  to  do  them  honor.  Three  days  townsmen  and  alumni  of 
the  college  loaded  the  wagons  and  the  ox  carts,  which  bore  the 
treasures  up  the  hill  to  Bentley  Hall.  In  the  silent  corridor, 
"the  great  entry"  the  chronicler  calls  it,  they  w^ere  piled.  Then 
the  alcoves,  planned  long  before,  were  prepared,  and  the  be- 
quests of  Bentley,  Thomas  and  Winthrop  found  their  appro- 
priate homes  on  the  shelves  of  the  Library  room  of  the  upper 
floor. 

The  local  public  appreciation  of  these  possessions  is  well 
attested  in  the  instance  of  Carson  Davis,  donor  for  the  alcoves, 
in  the  following  bargain  : 

Meadville,  10  March,  1831 — I  the  subscriber  hereby  obligate  my- 
self to  deliver  at  my  brick  kiln  five  thousand  good  merchantable  bricks 
on  demand  to  Timothy  Alden,  or  to  his  order,  and  in  five  months  from 
date  five  thousand  more  of  good  merchantable  bricks  at  the  said  kiln — 
in  consideration  that  I  am  to  have  access  to  the  books  of  the  college 
library  in  the  same  way  as  do  other  benefactors  of  the  college — during 
my  life — also  at  the  end  of  five  months  three  hundred  good  bricks  as 
the  amount  of  my  annual  tax  to  the  library  for  three  years  from  date — 
all  the  above  to  be  delivered  to  Timothy  Alden  or  to  his  order. 

Witness  my  hand. 

Carson  Davis. 

Negotiations  with  the  Methodists  to  furnish  patronage 
to  the  college  were  urged  by  the  Trustees  in  July,  1881,  to 
the  extent  of  sending  a  committee  to  the  session  of  the  Pitts- 

[  03  ] 


HISTORY  OP^  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

burgh  Confereuce.    Thereupon,  followed  the  resignation  of  the 
President  of  Alleghany  as  follows: 

"Bentlev  Hall  in  Mead.  2  Aug.,  1S31. 
Gentlemen, 

Having  been  spared  by  the  manifest  indulgence  of  Heaveu 

to  use  my  endeavors  for  sixteen  years  to  discharge  the  duties 

devolving  on  me  from  my  connection  with  Alleghany  College, 

it  appears  that  the  time  is  come,  when  I  ought  to  withdraw 

entirely  from  its  concerns.     The  indications  of  Providence,  if 

I  read  them  aright,  convince  me  that  there  is  very  little  more 

for  me,  as  an  instrument  in  the  hand  of  God,  to  achieve  in 

building  up  a  seminary,  whose  welfare  has  been  very  near  my 

heart,  and  which  I  trust  with  smiles  from  above  is  to  become 

a  blessing  to  many  yet  unborn.     I  therefore  simply  state,  thai 

I  only  await  for  such  equitable  arrangements  on  the  part  of 

the   Board   as   to   my   services,   to   resign   all   the   offices   and 

responsibilities  I  hold. 

Your  respectful  fellow  laborer  and  well  wisher, 

Timothy  Alden." 

He  must  have  been  a  man  very  old  in  the  griefs  of  the  world, 
who  turned  the  key  in  Bentley  Hall  in  18:>1,  and  surrendered 
the  keeping  of  the  college  and  its  prized  books  to  otlier  hands. 
It  was  a  pathetic  thing  to  see  him  open  a  girls'  school  in  Cin- 
cinnati in  the  following  year.  He  was  literally  starting  again 
at  the  beginning  and  stooping  to  build  anew  with  worn-out 
tools,  for  the  new  school  was  very  similar  to  the  Newark 
Academy  of  the  pre-Meadville  days. 

In  1834,  he  opened  the  East  Liberty  Academy  in  what  is 
now  the  city  of  Pittsburgh,  The  histoi-y  of  the  city  speaks 
highly  of  him  ami  his  course  of  study.  But  evidently  the  old 
tire  was  gone,  for  the  following  year  found  him  acting  as  sup- 
jdy  pastor  of  the  Piiu'  Cr(M»k  CJiurch  iit  Shai']isburg.  He  died 
in  ls;5{»,  on  tlie  fifth  of  -Inly,  at  the  home  of  his  daughter  in 
I'ittsltnrgli.  The  body  w;is  biid  to  rest  beside  tiiat  of  his  wife 
in  the  clnircliy;ii-d  at  Shiirjisbui'g. 

.\ftei*  a  c<Mitnry.  how  shall  the  <-ollege  look  u|)on  the  mis- 
sion of  Tiiiiolliy  AbhMi?     ^^'as  it  a  mission  ended  after  sixteen 

[   <54    ] 


HIST01{V  OF  ALLECJIIEXY  rOLLECE 

Years  of  service,  or  is  it  a  mission  that  is  lull  of  challeiige  for 
the  years  to  come? 

It  is  one  thing  foi-  a  man  to  build  upon  foundations  already 
laid,  but  it  is  another  thing  to  blaze  a  road  where  it  seems 
foolhardy  to  venture.  It  is  easy  for  the  crowd  to  follow  by 
t])e  burnt  end)ers  of  the  cam]»tire  of  the  desert  wayfarer,  but 
it  takes  another  kind  of  clay  to  go  an  unknown  way  alone.  It 
is  one  thing  to  fare  bravely  on  when  reward  attends  and  suc- 
cess is  acclaimed,  but  what  of  him  who  turns  not  back,  when 
liopes  crund)le  to  dust,  when  blights  fall  ami  faith  wavers?  It 
is  one  thing  to  make  a  trium])lial  entry;  not  every  man  bears 
the  test  of  a  Gethsemane. 

Some  serve  their  age  alone,  reaping  a  speedy  and  full 
reward  in  praise  and  payment.  Others,  and  their's  is  per- 
haps the  greater  mission,  do  little  more  than  plant  the  seeds 
whereof  only  succeeding  generations  may  know  the  fruitage. 
The  fame  of  not  a  few  of  these  pioneers,  founders  and  seers  has 
been  built  upon  a  great  tragedy  or  a  great  failure.  When 
Timothy  Alden  opposed  that  impersonal  foe.  Nature's  AVilder- 
ness,  he  met  an  enemy  that  wreaked  its  vengeance  in  a  fashion 
all  its  own,  bringing  to  him  his  full  mead  of  suffering  and 
defeat. 

And  in  this  taking  up  of  arms  against  an  antagonist  that 
could  not  be  vanquished  in  one  nmu's  life,  he  set  an  example 
of  unselfishness  that  will  make  his  mission  live  as  long  as  meu 
and  women  come  to  learn  at  that  shrine  of  knowledge  whose 
temple  is  Bentley  Hall.  The  culture,  the  courage  and  the 
faith  of  the  Founder  have  been  an  abiding  inspiration  in 
things  educational  to  a  public  spirited  citizenship.  Through 
the  century  has  sounded  steadily  his  voice  in  its  gospel,  that 
no  community  or  commonwealth  can  live  by  umterial  wealth 
alone. 

Timothy  Alden  set  an  ideal  of  learning  for  Allegheny  Col- 
lege that  will  be  her  boast  as  long  as  she  shall  endure.  Latin, 
Hebrew,  and  Greek  may  have  been  rich  food  for  the  frontiers- 
man ;  but  outside  of  the  idealism  of  the  Koman,  the  Greek  and 
Jew,  the  present  civilization  has  made  very  little  addition  to 

[  O'*  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLE<JHENY  COLLEGE 

the  beauty  of  order,  the  beauty  of  form,  and  the  beauty  of 
holiness.  Contact  with  such  culture  was  perhaps  what  the 
frontier  needed  most ;  such  contact  it  had  to  have,  if  ever  the 
desert  was  to  blossom  as  the  rose. 


^loittw  5}t 'quo b ''3-106 ■ 

^^/////rr.jr/ii////// //,/■  f^/rm  /,/-ri/ /■/////  ' 


////ft/ .  ■K-////.i///f,////fMtmm 


r...»^/ /„/,:, MUM./,//, /,„//,„  Yy^„ „^,^„,ynyiA,, 
4^ti,mmti.i-//,.  //,//  /jr//Mi-/,.t  '  / //r^i(itM/fr 
/n:i/nr^tMm-  ■/„/,///.i  '//u,ff,in,r,  /rv./,^,/,^./^ 
y^SwHtt^t^  I'^^^^t  ''u^.  iOi.,.  -Ay^  ■^^XeA'.jr.&^.^/iiOgUK  ' 

/^'^i:^_/<U,^~._        i^i/^-s*- ,;vl>dr 


U<'nffar..\lI.roIl. 


F'irst   Diploma 


[  (u; 


CHAPTER    III 

THE  CHURCH   PATRONAGE 

KLIOION  was  the  guiding 
iiifluoiK-o  ill  the  Ainerican 
college  of  colonial  times 
and  later.  One  hundred  and 
four  of  the  lirst  one  hun- 
dred and  nineteen  colleges 
established  in  the  United 
States  had  a  distinctively 
Christian  origin.  The  ser- 
vice of  country  and  of  God  expressed  the  purpose  of  the  early 
Allegheny.  Chartered  as  a  State  corporation,  it  has  never 
altered  the  original  plan  to  be  conducted  on  liberal  principles, 
with  no  person  sutfering  any  disability  because  of  his  religious 
l)ersuasioii.  But  in  the  second  cycle  of  our  educational  euter- 
]»rise,  the  relationslii}>  to  a  particular  denomination  brought  a 
well  defined  patronage  and  supplied  a  pledge  of  pernianeuce. 

While  Bentley  Hall  stood  yet  incomplete,  in  March.  1827, 
the  Pittsburgh  Conference  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church 
made  inquiry  as  to  the  jtossibility  of  coming  to  terms  with  the 
Trustees  for  the  operation  of  Allegheny.  Methodism  had  ex- 
]»erienced  an  ama/ing  growth  under  the  inspiration  of  the 
mandate  of  John  Wesley  to  an  early  missionary,  ''I  let  you 
loose  in  the  great  continent  of  America.  Publish  your  mes- 
sage in  the  open  face  of  the  sun  and  do  all  the  good  yoti  can." 
When  Francis  Asbury  arrived  in  the  Colonies  in  1772,  he  found 
not  more  than  six  hundred  Methodists.  At  the  organization  of 
the  Church  in  1781,  their  number  had  grown  to  fifteen  thou- 
sand. In  1815,  there  were  212,000  conimunicants  in  the  United 
States;  by  1833,  the  strength  Avas  509,7:>G,  the  membership  hav- 
ing doubled  in  eleven  years.  In  western  Pennsylvania  after 
the  formation  of  the  Pittsburgh  Conference  in  1825,  a  simila.r 
stride  of  progress  was  maintained.  Everywhere  the  Church 
had  been  vigorously  given  to  evangelism.     The  zeal  to  preacii 

[   *->T   ] 


HIS^TORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

the  gospel  cousumed  its  ministry.  The  national  westwar(l 
expansion  challenged  the  inherent  genins  of  the  denomination 
and  spurred  it  to  the  missionary  occnpation  of  the  snccessive 
frontiers. 

Thus  engrossed,  it  is  not  strange  that  in  many  quarters  the 
charge  arose,  that  tlie  Methodists  were  hostile  to  education.  A 
singular  fatality  had  pursued  the  early  etforts  to  conduct 
schools.  The  total  loss  by  fire  of  Cokesbury  College  at  Abing 
don.  Md.,  in  ITO."),  after  ten  thousand  pounds  had  been  ex- 
pended in  ten  years,  led  Bishop  Asbury  to  record  in  his 
Journal  his  belief,  that  the  Lord  had  not  called  them  to  build 
colleges.  Yet  schools  were  projected  in  the  districts,  or  embry- 
onic conferences,  after  the  plan  of  the  famed  Kingswood  School 
of  John  AVesley  in  England.  Bethel  Academy  in  Kentucky  in 
1791  and  I'niontown  Academy  in  Pennsylvania  in  1792  came 
into  existence  for  a  few  years,  but  the  general  scheme  failed. 

The  special  training  of  the  clergy  received  as  yet  little 
attention.  Even  the  scathing  report  of  the  Eastern  Commis- 
sion of  1812  upon  the  ignorance  of  western  communities  and 
the  Calvanist  attack  of  Dr.  Lyman  Beecher,  calling  for  an 
educated  ministry,  did  not  rouse  the  Methodists  at  once  to 
vigorous  action.  The  General  Conference  of  1810  voted  to 
prepare  the  first  course  of  study  for  the  travelling  ministers. 
In  1817,  New  England  laid  the  first  literary  foundation  that 
was  to  be  permanent,  though  with  a  change  of  locality,  when 
the  New  Market.  N.  11..  Academy  was  started  under  Kev. 
Martin  Kuter  as  ])i-inci]>al.  The  (Jeneral  Conference  of  1820 
followed  with  the  adoption  of  a  i)rogram  of  education  for  all 
the  land.  Tiiis  decision  was  based  upon  the  conviction  that 
seminaries  of  learning  generally  were  under  the  control  of 
Ilopkinsian  or  <';ilvinistic  ]>rinciples.  and  that  experimental 
and  practical  godlin<'ss  was  not  sutticiently  emi)]iasi/ed. 

The  disciples  of  Wesley  believed  that  I'eligion  and  learning 
shoubl  mutually  assist  each  other.  In  the  next  (luadrennial 
gathering.  Martin  Kuter.  now  of  Cincinnati,  became  the  <-hair- 
inan  of  the  Committee  on  IMncation.  The  ])olicv  was  reaflirmed 
with  more  emphasis.     Instead  of  each  annual  conference  being 

[   <5'^   ] 


HISTOFvY  OF  ALLEGHENY   COLLEGE 

advised  to  establish  as  soon  as  practicable  classical  seminaries, 
the  Bishops  were  to  nr<;e  that  the  utmost  exertion  be  expended 
to  found  literary  institutions  in  every  conference  area. 

Under  this  commission,  the  Pittsbur<^h  Conference  in  1825, 
its  first  session,  i>rei)ared  to  open  a  college.  Uniontown,  the 
earliest  center  of  Methodism  in  the  old  Kedstone,  commanded 
favor  at  once.  Tlie  Cnion  School  of  171)2  had  been  started  there 
by  Francis  Asbury.  The  presiding  elder  of  the  western  district. 
Charles  Conoway,  liad  supervision  of  the  building,  erected  as 
an  addition  to  tlie  church  of  the  village.  Valentine  Cook,  a 
graduate  of  Cokesbui-y,  succee<led  him.  Then  Kev.  John  H. 
Reynohls  in  1794  taught  the  classics  under  the  Baltimore  Con- 
ference appointment.  The  school  closed  for  a  time,  to  reopen 
as  an  academy  in  1808,  incorporated  by  the  State  with  a  grant 
of  $2000.  Overtures  having  been  made  in  vain  to  the  Philadel- 
ytliia  Conference  to  join  in  founding  a  seminary,  in  1826,  Rev. 
Henry  B.  Bascom  reported  in  supi>ort  of  L'niontown  as  the 
location.  A  donation  of  S2000  to  buy  the  land  was  made  by 
I'resident  James  Madison,  after  whom  the  college  was  named. 

On  an  elevated  plateau,  facing  the  south,  and  commanding 
the  National  Road,  which  was  a  main  artery  of  travel  from  the 
West  to  Washington,  I).  C,  a  three-story  building  of  brick  was 
erected.  I'ennsylvania  gave  a  charter  on  March  2,  1827,  for  a 
college  to  be  governed  by  38  trustees  and  turned  over  to  them 
the  proj)erty  of  the  old  Academy.  In  1828,  it  added  a  gift  of 
$5000.  Henry  Bascom,  the  ])ersonal  friend  of  Henry  Clay,  and 
lately  chai)lain  of  the  House  of  Reiu'esentatives,  an  orator  of 
national  fame,  became  the  first  president.  He  held  the  chair  of 
Moral  Science  and  as  no  advanced  students  entered  the  first 
year,  lie  gave  himself  to  travel  for  the  collection  of  funds.  His 
formal  installation  into  office  on  Sept.  15,  1828,  received  wide 
publicity.  The  Registkr  and  Jourxal  of  the  American  Edu- 
cation Society  published  a  sketch  of  his  presidential  address, 
along  with  those  of  similar  exercises  at  Dartmouth,  Columbia 
and  l*ennsylvania  in  the  same  year. 

The  theme  at  Fniontown  was  the  influence  of  education 
u]K)n  man  as  a  moral  and  social  being.     Of  the  ]»olicy  of  Madi- 

[   0J»  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

sou  College,  President  Bascom  said,  ''We  will  not  compound 
with  anything  sectarian  or  selfish."  Though  the  institution 
was  under  the  patronage  of  the  Methodist  Church,  he  as  the 
authorized   agent   of   the   I'ittshurgh    Conference   pledged    its 


Madison  College 

I)ublic  faith,  that  the  only  object  in  view  was  to  prouiote  the 
interest  of  religion  and  science.  The  report  made  to  the  Gen- 
eral Conference.  me<4ing  in  IMttshurgh  in  ISi'S,  showed  a 
Faculty  of  .">  and  an  enrollment  of  1(»7  students,  4.")  Itcinti  i" 
the  college  classes.  Tlie  statement  of  1821)  placed  the  total  at 
70,  of  the.se  L*()  being  indicated  as  i)rofessing  religion. 

But  after  a  two  years'  administration,  Bascom  had  re- 
signed. A  prime  mover  in  starting  the  college  was  Kev.  Asa 
iShinn,  j)residing  elder  of  the  district.  He  now  became  the 
leader  in  the  I'ittsburgh  region  of  the  schism,  which  culmi- 
nated in  the  Methodist   Frotestant  Church  in   1S;>0.     Dr.  Bas- 

[   TO   ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLECJE 

com,  being  a  close  friend  of  Shinn's,  was  suspected  of  sui)i)ort- 
ing  the  so-called  Iladicalisni.  llis  biographer,  Kev.  M.  M. 
Henkle,  writes,  "The  endowment  of  Madison  was  trifling  in 
amount,  the  local  patronage  limited,  and  that  from  a  distance, 
more  so ;  there  was  not  adequate  support  for  the  Faculty,  least 
of  all  for  the  President,  who  would  not  labor  for  naught." 

Yet  in  this  same  year  of  1829,  the  Pittsburgh  Conference 
])ledged  itself  to  pay  the  salary  of  $000  to  the  professor  of 
languages,  Kev.  Charles  Elliott.     This  sum  was  quite  princely 


Rev.  Charles  Elliott 

when  com])ared  with  the  modest  income  of  |100  of  most  of  the 
ministers  of  that  day.  Elliott  ranks  as  one  of  the  mighty  men 
of  Methodism.  His  ]Hn-sonality  dominated  at  Madison.  lie 
had  been  educated  in  Ireland,  came  to  America  in  1814.  joined 
the  Ohio  Conference  in  1818  and  served  in  the  celebrated  mis- 
sion of  1he  Wyandotte  Indians.  He  was  made  the  first  editor 
of   the    IMttsbiirgh    Conference    Journal    in    183:>.      Allegheny 

[   Tl   ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHP:NY   COLLEGE 

College  ill  the  thirties  had  no  more  loyal  and  efficient  advocate 
than  Charles  Elliott. 

The  college  building  at  Uniontown  was  the  place  of  the 
meeting  of  the  Annual  Conference,  August  20,  1830,  to  examine 
into  the  educational  prospect  and  rally,  if  possible,  a  united 
support.  Kev.  Homer  J.  Clark,  a  graduate  of  Ohio  University 
at  Athens  in  1829,  received  the  appointment  of  supply  at 
Uniontown  and  became  a  teacher  in  the  college.  This  young 
preacher's  transfer  to  Pittsburgh  in  the  previous  year  had 
brought  him  immediate  fame  as  a  pulpit  orator,  when  large 
crowds  came  to  hear  him  weekly  in  the  court  house.  His 
removal  to  Madison  gave  a  marked  impetus  to  the  higher  edu- 
cation of  the  ministry. 

Rev.  J.  H.  Fielding,  who  had  been  the  professor  of  mathe- 
matics four  years,  succeeded  in  1831  to  the  vacant  presidency 
and  Professor  Elliott  severed  his  connection,  returning  to  the 
active  ministry  as  pastor  of  the  Pittsburgh  station.  At  this 
crisis  Homer  J.  Clark  advanced  to  a  professorship  and  upon 
him  in  3831-2  fell  a  large  share  of  the  burden  of  the  expiring 
Madison  College.  For  the  Methodist  Conference  had  voted  in 
its  1831  session  to  cease  its  patronage  at  Uniontown  after  one 
year  and  opened  negotiations  with  the  Trustees  of  Allegheny 
College. 

Certain  notable  students  had  found  their  way  to  Madison 
College  in  its  brief  career.  Matthew  Simi)soii,  not  twenty  years 
or  age,  came  on  foot  from  Ohio  with  a  cash  capital  of  811.25, 
planning  to  prei)ai'e  for  the  practice  of  medicine,  and  serving 
jiiirt  of  the  time  as  a  tutor.  Another.  William  Hunter,  walked 
from  east  of  the  Alleghenies,  arriving  with  less  than  a  dollar 
in  his  pocket.  Later,  he  will  be  four  limes  elected  editor  of  the 
I'jTTsi'.TKGii  AnvocATK,  hold  for  a  score  of  years  the  chair  of 
Biblical  Literature  in  Allegheny  College  and  have  his  hymns 
sung  round  the  world.  Others  on  its  rolls  were  Francis  A. 
Dighlon,  renowned  for  his  elo(|uenco.  Simon  Elliott  of  the 
I'ittslnirgh  Conference.  Alfred  Stnrges,  early  Secretary  of  the 
Erie  Conference,  Senat(ns  Wait  man  and  Willey. 

The  .M<*tli<»dist    Clnii-ch   <»f  Amei'ica   had   by  this  date  com- 

[  T2  ] 


HISTOKV  OF  ALLEGHENY'  COLLE(JE 

iiiitted  itself  fully  to  the  cause  of  education.  Augusta  College 
in  Kentucky,  under  the  presidency  of  Dr.  Martin  Kuter,  sent 

forth  ill  1820  the  first 
group  of  Bachelors  of 
Arts  ever  to  be  gradu- 
ated from  a  chartered 
institution  of  the  de- 
iioniination.  One  hun- 
dred years  a  f  t  e  i' 
Charles  Wesley  had 
started  the  Holy  Club 
at  Oxford,  these  five 
young  men  became 
the  leaders  of  the 
Augusta  College  o^-eat     processiou     of 

Methodist  graduates  coming  from  one  hundred  institutions. 
AVesleyan  University  at  Middletown,  Conn.,  enrolled  its  first 
students  in  the  fall  of  1831.  Dickinson  College  at  Carlisle, 
after  a  checkered  career  of  fifty  years,  was  placed  under  the 
])atroiiage  of  the  IMiiladelphia  and  Baltimore  Conferences  in 
183.3  and  reoi)ened  its  doors  the  following  year. 

A  word  to  command  on  the  subject  of  education  sounded 
from  tlie  West,  when  Rev.  John  I*.  Durbin,  a  i)rofessor  in 
Augusta  College,  contributed  a  series  of  articles  to  the  New 
York  Christian  Advocate  in  the  period  from  1828-31.  These 
were  reprinted  in  the  Quarterly  Register  of  the  American 
Educational  iSociety.  Dr.  Durbin  became  the  editor  of  the 
New  York  church  journal  in  1S32  and  the  first  Methodist 
jiresident  of  Dickinson  College  in  18.'U.  His  program  provided 
for  two  superior,  well  endowed  institutions,  one  in  the  east 
and  one  in  the  west,  and  for  a  general  educational  society  with 
branches  to  promote  the  cause. 

In  comparison,  the  I'resbyterians  were  shown  to  hold  the 
leadership  in  the  scholastic  world,  because  their  men  had  been 
trained  for  the  higher  needs  of  the  day.  In  1829,  out  of  43 
colleges,  2  were  under  Methodist  direction,  and  out  of  247 
instructors,  10  were  Metliodists.  Professor  Durbin  counseled 
his  brethren  earnestly  to  take  advantage  of  the  moral  wave 

[   73  ] 


Hlir^TORY  OF  ALLEGHENY^  COLLEGE 

then  in  evidence  tlirovigli  the  nation,  prepare  to  guide  public 
opinion  and  assume  its  large  share  in  the  training  of  young 
]nanhood.  He  prophesied  a  ten-fold  advance  in  higher  educa- 
tion in  the  next  score  of  years  and  enunciated  the  law,  that 
institutions,  begun  with  State  aid,  tended  to  come  under  the 
prevailing  influence  of  some  Christian  denomination,  thereby 
assuring  their  permanent  success. 

The  Methodists  of  Western  Pennsylvania  and  its  borders 
were  not  dismayed  by  the  failure  of  Madison  College.  The 
legac}-  of  party  strife  had  been  a  fatal  handicap,  together  witli 
the  proximity  of  LTnioutown  to  the  sites  of  Jetferson  and 
Washington  Colleges.  But  the  same  potent  factor,  whicii 
denied  success  to  Timothy  Alden  at  Meadville,  seeking  in  vain 
Presbyterian  patronage  for  his  well  prepared  educational 
plant,  was  now  to  serve  under  other  denominational  auspices, 
as  a  guarantee  to  Allegheny  College  of  an  influx  of  the  students 
so  long  expected.  The  five  years'  experience  of  Madison  as- 
.sured  the  Pittsburgh  Conference  of  the  demand  by  its  youtli 
for  a  liiglier  institution  of  learning. 

Homer  J.  Clark,  while  traveling  as  its  agent  in  1830,  had 
learned  of  the  result  of  the  latest  attempt  to  oi)erate  Allegheny 
and  became  thoroughly  acquainted  with  the  favorable  situa- 
tion of  Meadville,  the  excellent  college  edifice,  the  widely  her- 
alded library,  and,  jibove  all,  the  solid  fame  of  its  citizens  for 
]>ublic  spirit  and  for  devotion  1o  science  and  letters.  On 
Mai-ch  15,  1831,  the  Ti-ustees  of  Allegheny  sent  terms  to  the 
incpiiring  professor  at  Uniontown.  These  conditions  were  not 
<Mitirely  acce]>table,  therefore  John  Iteynolds  and  David  Dick 
received  credentials  to  the  Methodist  Conference  at  I'itts- 
Imrgh,  August  IT,  with  power  to  vary  the  conditions  to  meet 
the  wishes  of  the  society,  ])i-ovided  the  alterations  were  con- 
sistent with  the  interests  of  the  college.  This  committee  re- 
]»orted  upon  its  return,  that  although  the  Conference  continued 
to  ])atronize  Madison  one  year  more,  a  commission  would  come 
to  Meadville  foi"  a  <'onsulti»tion  with  the  Board. 

Accoi-dingly  on  Nov.  1.").  18.'>1,  lher<'  Jii)peare(l  Kev.  Alfi*e<l 
P>i-niis(»ii  of  Cleveland  and   Kev.  Zerah  II.  Coston  of  Wheeling, 

[   Tt    1 


IIISTOKV   OF  ALLKCUIKXV   (M)LIJ-:<;K 

who  together  with  Josepli  S.  liarris,  the  hx'ul  pastor,  met 
Joseph  Morrison,  the  president  of  the  Trustees,  John  lleynolds 
and  ])avid  Dick,  and  drew  up  Articles  of  Agreement  to  be  sub- 
mitted to  tlie  authoritative  bodies.  The  Trustees  on  July  ^1, 
1832,  voted  api)roval  of  the  plan  and  asked  Kev.  J.  S.  Barris 
to  represent  them  at  the  next  conference  session  at  Wells- 
burg,  Xa.,  in  August,  wliere  he  extended  their  invitation  and 
that  of  the  citi/.ens  of  Meadville  to  meet  at  the  site  of  the 
college  in  1S.'>.">.  The  Conference  i)roniptly  voted  to  accept  the 
chance  to  make  a  ])ersonal  ins])ection  of  Allegheny  and  arrange 
Ihe  final  conditions.  At  the  same  time,  the  AEeadville  District 
of  the  Pittsburgh  area  was  created  and  Z.  H.  Coston  appointed 
I)residing  elder. 

Throughout  northwestern  Pennsylvania  and  [)arts  of  Ohio 
and  New  York,  the  matter  of  tlie  transfer  of  the  institution 
was  freely  canvassed.  Tlie  coming  of  tlie  Methodists  on  July 
17   to   Meadville,  tlie  farthest   north    the   body   had   ever   set. 


^ims^^^sssssmsmi 


tsstasisss^sm 


Meadville  in  the  Thirties 

attracted  large  ])ublic  attention.  The  ])resi(ling  Bisho]),  Kobert 
K.  ]{()berts,  was  the  best  known  olTicial  in  the  denomination, 
having  been  a  ])i(>iieer  in  the  neighboring  county  of  Mercer, 
lie  had  i)reacbe(l  the  tirst  Metliodist  sermon  heard  in  the  vil- 
lage, in  180(),  addressing  a  dozen  men  in  the  front  room  of  the 
log  tavern,  at  the  sign   of   the  "Black   Bear",  located   on   the 

[  Tr,  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

northwest  corner  of  the  Diamond  and  Center  Street.  On  the 
Sabbath  of  conference  week,  he  preached  to  1000  in  the  Court 
House,  as  the  Meadville  Courier,  of  July  2.3,  observed,  a  cheer- 
ing omen  of  the  possibilities  of  the  new  friends  of  Allegheny. 

On  the  first  day  of  the  session,  the  entire  company  of 
preachers  climbed  the  hill,  to  visit  Bentley  Hall  and  inspect 
the  far-famed  library,  now  housed  in  the  adequate  alcoves  of 
the  new  quarters.  The  number  of  college  trained  minds 
among  these  circuit  riders  was  exceedingly  scanty,  but  every 
man  of  them  by  the  polity  of  his  church  was  an  evangel  of 
religious  literature  and  general  knowledge,  serving  under  the 
Methodist  Book  Concern.  His  mission  to  preach  the  gospel 
carried  him  to  all  sections  and  to  all  sorts  and  conditions  of 
men.  He  knew  bitter  opposition ;  he  had  won  splendid  tri- 
umphs. With  conscious  i^ower  the  company  trod  the  corridors 
of  Bentley  and  viewed  the  resources  of  education,  ready  to 
help  the  church  equip  the  youth  of  the  land  for  larger  use- 
fulness. 

Then  the  negotiations  were  resumed  with  the  local  Board, 
at  the  home  of  Joseph  Morrison.  Brunson  and  Coston,  again 
representing  the  clergy,  along  with  Ttev.  W.  B.  Mack,  had  a 
dramatic  final  interview.  The  loyal,  but  shrewd  executive  of 
the  Trustees  said,  "We  hold  this  college  enterprise  dear  to  our 
hearts,  and  before  we  give  it  over  to  the  patronage  of  your 
Conference,  it  is  but  reasonable  that  we  ask  what  can  you  do 
for  us  to  make  our  college  a  success."  Zerah  H.  Coston,  who 
has  described  the  scene,  answered,  "Mr.  President,  I  am  author- 
ized to  say  to  you,  that  if  you  put  this  college  under  our  pat- 
ronage and  control,  we  propose  for  the  Faculty,  Martin  Ruter. 
]).!).,  as  president.  Homer  J.  Clark.  A.M..  as  vice-president  and 
Augustus  Ruter,  jirofessor. 

"As  for  students,  if  our  ]K)pulation  is  sj)arse.  our  field  is 
ample.  The  bounds  of  our  conference  run  from  Cattaraugus 
Creek  in  New  Yoi'k.  ahnig  the  lop  of  tlie  Allegheny  Mountains 
t(»  the  head  of  Tygart's  \'alley  in  A'irginia;  in  the  west,  from 
the  mouth  of  the  Muskingum  River  via  tin*  White  Woman  and 
Cuyahoga    Kivei-s,  to  l^ake  lOrie,  and    thence  east.      Into  this 

[   TO   ] 


IIISTOKV  OF  ALLE(JHEXY   (^OLLEdE 

field  Ave  proitose  to  send  two  hundred  live  Methodist  preachers, 
as  a<>eiits,  to  gather  the  material  to  build  up  your  college  aud 
make  it  a  permanent  institution.  The  Conference  regards 
your  otter  as  an  opening  of  I'rovidence,  a  call  of  God  to  duty, 
and  they  are  united  and  have  faith  in  the  enterprise.  The 
college  will  open  this  fall  under  Vice-President  Clark." 

It  is  told,  that  Mr.  Morrison  now  sprang  to  his  feet  aud 
exclaimed,  "(ientlemen,  this  looks  more  like  having  a  college  in 
Meadville  than  anything  we  have  seen  before."  Thus  the  arti- 
cles of  agreement  were  ratified.  They  provided,  that  the  Alle- 
gheny College  under  the  patronage  of  the  Pittsburgh  Confer- 
ence was  to  carry  into  effect  the  objects  expressed  in  the 
charter  of  1817.  The  Conference  could  name  one-half  of  the 
]>ersons  to  fill  the  vacancies,  which  existed  then  or  thereafter 
in  the  Board  of  Trustees.  Also,  it  was  to  nominate  the  Faculty 
and  fix  their  salaries,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Board. 
The  Trustees  agreed  not  to  contract  debts  in  behalf  of  the 
Institution,  that  would  involve  the  Conference  without  its 
consent.  The  Methodists  bound  themselves  to  raise  an  endow- 
ment fund  of  >{;l  0,000.  The  debts  then  due  by  the  college,  not 
exceeding  |2000,  which  were  secured  by  mortgage  and  payable 
in  three  years,  were  to  be  paid  out  of  the  available  funds. 
Either  party  could  withdraw  from  the  compact  on  one  year's 
notice. 

The  eighth  article  stated,  ''The  Institution  shall  be  con- 
ducted as  the  charter  requires,  on  liberal  principles,  no  person 
having  any  advantage  on  account  of  his  religious  beliefs."  The 
first  Board  of  Trustees  in  1817  contained  the  names  of  eleven 
clergymen  out  of  a  possible  fifty  members.  It  had  been  enacted 
in  the  incorporation,  that  any  vacancy  among  the  clergj-men 
must  be  filled  by  one  of  the  same  profession,  keeping  the  num- 
ber eleven  intact.  But  it  was  further  decreed,  that  no  ])ar- 
ticular  religious  denomination  of  Christians  should  have  any 
preference  in  this  group.  The  full  quota  of  fifty  Trustees  was 
not  always  nmintained.  Rome  under  the  Aldeu  regime  had 
never  accepted  their  election. 

In  entering  the  relations  of  18:>3,  the  Methodists  specified 

[  "  ] 


HISTORY   OF  ALLEGHENY   COLLEGE 

that  they  expected  no  changes  in  the  active  personnel  of  the 
Board,  bnt  they  desired  to  liave  the  existing  vacancies  filled  by 
the  election  of  their  nominees.  Accordingly  on  July  22, 
Bisho]>  Roberts  was  chosen  first  to  take  the  place  of   Kev. 


Bishop  Roberts 

•Joseph  Stockloii.  the  lirst  jtastor  of  the  Tresbyieriaus  in  Mead- 
\ilh'.  Kev.  Alfred  Bi-nnsoii  snccee(U'd  Kev.  .loseph  Kadger.  an 
early  J'l-esltylerian  missionary  in  the  ^^'estern  Reserve,  .lolui 
Ln]>hei-.  of  the  original  Metlnxlist  chiss  organized  in  ^leadville. 
was  assigne<l  to  tiie  vacancy  h'ft  by  1 M-.  K'eynell  Coates.  tlie 
s<ience  ]>rofessor  of  \S'M).  Ifobert  Adi-ain,  (Jrillith  Kennett  and 
•I(»hn    .Malto<ks.    local    .Metho<lists.   wei-e  also  added    the   same 

[   TS  ] 


11 1  STORY  OF  ALLEGHENY   COLLE(JE 

day.     AYilliam  McLaughlin  and  Josepli  Derickson  of  tlie  local 
Presbyterians  became  members. 

Eut  the  old  «i;uard  of  the  local  Trustees  remained  largely 
unbroken,  and  the  record  bears  the  well-known  names  of  Joseph 
Morrison,  John  Reynolds,  David  Dick,  Judge  Edward  Shi[)pen, 
Judge  Stephen  Earlow,  David  Derickson,  D.  Bemus  and  James 
Hamilton.  A  few  of  the  firm  friends  of  earlier  days  now  re- 
signed, such  as  Samuel  Lord,  Estj.,  Jared  Shattuck,  the  Treas- 
urei'.  Col.  James  Cochrane,  Dr.  Charles  Y'eates,  Samuel  Torbett 
and  Eliphalet  Eetts.  In  all,  sixteen  new  niend)ers  were  adde<l 
in  July,  Dr.  Martin  Kuter  and  Kev.  Joseph  Barris  not  being 
chosen  until  Novend)er.  The  ^Ii:advillk  Courier  of  July  30 
commented,  that  the  change  to  church  patronage  was  consist- 
ent with  the  charter  of  Allegheny.  It  said,  **The  fact  that 
eight  local  mend)ers  of  the  old  active  Board,  who  are  not  Meth- 
odists, remain  as  Trustees  gives  a  pledge  to  the  public,  that  the 
policy  of  the  new  control  is  not  sectarian,  and  all  fears  to  the 
contrary  are  at  once  put  to  rest." 

The  one  issue  at  variance  in  the  negotiations  arose  over  the 
future  of  the  Founder  of  Allegheny  College.  The  warm  friends 
the  fellow  citizens  of  Mr.  Alden  wanted  to  have  him  retained 
in  the  new  Faculty.  Brunson  and  his  associates  held  out 
stoutly  against  such  an  arrangement.  Judge  Gibson,  the 
Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court,  on  his  way  to  lOrie  for  a 
session,  stopped  in  Meadville,  being  an  ex-otlicio  Ti'ustee  oV 
Allegheny,  and  took  a  lively  interest  in  the  transfer  of  the 
college.  His  coimsel  settled  the  controversy  over  ex-President 
Alden.  The  Judge  lived  in  Carlisle,  where  Dickinson  College 
had  organized  three  times  with  a  teaching  statf  of  various 
religious  faiths  and  had  failed.  He  supported  the  Methodist 
point  of  view  and  Alfre<l  Brunson  cited  other  unhappy  conse- 
quences of  mixed  Faculties  in  the  universities  of  Ohio,  at 
Athens  and  Oxford,  so  that  the  ])olicy  prevailed  of  a  complete 
reorganization  of  the  instructors. 

There  was  intended  no  lack  of  respect  for  the  educational 
pioneer.  Later,  upon  the  notice  of  his  deatli,  the  Trustees  nnule 
this  simple  but  ehxpient  record   in   the  minutes  of  July  -Vl, 

r  Tj)  1 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

1839 :  **To  the  Rev.  Timothy  Alden  may  justly  be  ascribed  the 
projection  of  Allegheny  College,  and  truly  may  it  be  said  that 
he  was  the  active  and  faithful  agent  in  raising  it  to  usefulness; 
and  whatever  blessings  a  kind  Providence  may  have  in  store 
for  the  Institution,  may  it  ever  be  remembered  that  the  seeds 
were  sown  by  the  late  first  I'resident."  In  1827,  when  the 
Kev.  Charles  Elliott  and  Rev.  R.  C.  Hatton  of  Youngstown,  O., 
a  former  pastor  on  the  French  Creek  Circuit,  made  the  first 
inquiries  about  the  college  in  behalf  of  the  Methodists,  Mr. 
Alden  naturally  protested  against  oi)ening  negotiations.  The 
later  discussions  of  a  transfer  took  place  usually  when  he  was 
absent  from  the  Board  meeting.  His  continuance  in  the 
Faculty  in  1833  would  have  been  a  doubtful  experiment. 

In  his  resignation  of  1831,  the  President  had  asked  that  an 
equitable  estimate  of  his  services  be  made.  The  Board  passed 
the  resolution : 

That  since  for  sixteen  years  as  President  and  Professor,  the  Rev. 
Timothy  Alden  had  spent  the  prime  of  his  life  in  efforts  to  advance  the 
cause  of  religion,  literature  and  science  in  Northwestern  Pennsylvania 
and  had  received  no  adequate  remuneration,  and  for  much  of  the  time 
no  payment  whatever,  therefore  the  sum  of  S3 200  be  awarded  to  him, 
to  stand  chargeable  upon  future  appropriations  and  bequests. 

After  this  action,  the  Board  felt  free  to  meet  the  first  com- 
mittee of  the  Pittsburgh  Conference.  The  debt  to  Mr.  Alden. 
the  mortgage  held  by  David  Dick,  and  further  outlay  upon 
Bentley  Hall  were  obligations  required  to  be  taken  by  the  newly 
arranged  management.  The  college  e<lifice  had  to  be  entirely 
furnished  for  class  room  work  and  for  residence.  It  is  true, 
an  educational  plant  of  some  worth  liad  come  under  the  pat- 
ronage of  the  Methodists,  a  common  estimate  of  its  value  being 
8.')0,000.  But  in  addition  to  a  lack  of  students,  the  first  era 
of  Alh'glieny  lind  stood  in  sore  iuhmI  of  funds,  in  the  form  of  a 
definite  endowment. 

The  ]»rogram  of  1S;>:*>  cnlh'd  for  an  immediate  subscription 
of  81().()()0.  The  Pitlsburgli  Conference  voted  on  .Inly  24  to 
establish  the  Roberts  Professorshij)  with  this  i)rospective  sum, 
and  then  raise  a  similai*  iimount  when  it  was  comi)leted.  Two 
lniiidi-<Ml  sliarcs  of  fifty  dollars  each  were  to  be  solicited  by  a 

r  80  1 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 


regularly  employed  agent.  Scholarships  were  likewise  createci 
at  this  time.  Three  hundred  dollars  paid  into  the  treasury 
entitled  the  donor  to  the  privilege  of  sending  forever  to  Alle- 
gheny one  student  free  of  tuition.  A  special  enactment  allowed 
any  minister  of  the  gospel,  of  any  religious  denomination,  to 
pay  one  hundred  dollars  and  send  a  student  for  eight  years, 
free  of  tuition ;  or  upon  j>ayment  of  fifty,  for  four.  The 
Trustees  promptly  ratified  this  action  with  the  addition,  that 
any  person  who  i)aid  one  hundred  dollars  could  send  a  student 
for  four  years.  Rev.  J.  S.  Barris  became  the  first  financial 
agent  of  the  college.  He  had  just  served  as  presiding  elder  of 
the  Erie  District  and  possessed  a  wide  acquaintance.  He  was 
an  agreeable  speaker  and  a  general  social  favorite. 

The  naming  of  the  first  chair  to  be  endowed  for  Bishop 
Roberts  was  an  appropriate  and  popular  proceeding.  He  is 
claimed  as  a  distinguished  product  of  northwestern  Pennsyl- 
vania and  one  of 
its  earliest  pion 
eers.  A  Maryland 
boy  of  eighteen  in 
171)0,  he  had  come 
up  from  Ligonier 
by  the  old  Venan- 
;  go  Path  to  the 
mouth  of  French 
Creek,  Avliich  he 
followed  to  the 
Cussewago.  The 
Meadville  of  Da- 
vid Mead  and  Ma- 
jor Alden,  though 
greatly  pleased  the 


The  Roberts  Home. 

composed  of  less  than  a  dozen  houses 
young  ])rospector,  but  all  the  rich  lands  in  the  vicinity  had 
been  taken.  So  he  moved  on  by  Conneaut  Creek  to  the  Little 
Shenango  for  his  settlement,  revisiting  Meadville  the  same 
year  to  obtain  supplies.  From  it  later,  he  hired  on  a  keel 
boat  to  make  the  voyage  to  Pittsburgh.  Y'oung  Roberts 
Avaged  a  winning  fight  against  the  wilderness,  cleared  his  lands, 

[  '^1   ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

brought  liis  kinsmen  to  his  log  cabin,  erected  a  grist  mill  and 
became  a  mighty  hunter.  When  he  was  the  presiding  officer 
of  the  Conference  in  1833,  one  of  his  old-time  neighbors  came 
to  hear  him.  proud  of  the  early  association,  and  remarked,  "I 
have  often  hunted  squirrels  and  coons  with  Mr.  Roberts,  but 
now  he  is  a  Bishop  and  I  am  only  a  butcher." 

At  Mumford'S,  the  pioneer  Methodist  center  of  the  Mead- 
^ille  area,  on  French  Creek,  in  1801,  Robert  R.  Roberts  was 
licensed  to  exhort  by  the  famed  itinerant,  Thornton  Fleming. 
He  preached  on  the  Erie  circuit,  1805-6.  Later,  he  held  pas- 
torates in  Baltimore  and  Philadelphia.  In  the  General  Con- 
ference of  1810,  he  was  elected  a  Bishop,  taking  the  place  of 
Francis  Asbury,  and  having  but  two  associates  for  several 
years.  His  rise  had  been  phenomenal.  Within  ten  years  of 
the  time  he  spoke  at  the  "Black  Bear"  tavern  on  the  Diamond, 
he  gained  the  highest  office  in  his  denomination.  He  was  a 
man  of  becoming  dignity  and  kindness,  a  commanding  figure 
in  any  company.  F'or  modesty,  simplicity,  genuine  piety  and 
tireless  energy,  no  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopacy  has 
been  more  favorably  esteemed.  In  his  last  years,  he  was  closely 
associated  with  Asbury  College  in  Indiana.  The  Roberts  Pro- 
fessorship for  Alleglieny  College  had  in  it  an  appeal  to  tlie 
church  witli  every  promise  of  success. 

The  July  visitation  of  the  Pittsburgh  Methodists  created  an 
excellent  impression  upon  the  citizens  of  Meadville.  Their 
patronage  of  the  college  was  destined  to  strengthen  the  hitli- 
erto  sliglit  influence  of  the  local  church  which  had  been  orga- 
nized as  a  society  in  1820.  The  first  visit  to  the  village  with 
the  design  of  forming  a  congregation  had  been  made  by  Rev. 
James  Quinn,  appointed  in  1801  by  the  Baltimore  Conference 
to  the  newly  formed  Erie  circuit.  He  had  expected  to  have 
Meadville  as  the  center  of  his  work,  but  he  records  in  his 
jouT-nal,  "The  Presbyterian  Synod  has  laid  out  nearly  all  the 
settlements  into  congregational  <listricts.  Whei-ever  the  num- 
bers are  sufficient,  they  have  organized  and  ordained  elders,  so 
they  seem  to  have  taken  possession  of  the  entire  country." 
Thereupon,   Quinn   left  for  the  rural   sections,  and   soon   had 

[   •^-'   ] 


HLSTOEY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

twenty  appointments,  traveling  MH)  miles  every  fonr  weeks. 

Mnmt'ord's,  fonr  miles  sontli  of  Meadville,  was  a  regular 
preaching  place  and  the  scene  of  important  quarterly  confer- 
ence gatherings  from  wide  areas.  The  camp  meeting  was  a 
highly  effective  form  of  propaganda.  One  of  the  famous 
grounds  was  on  French  Creek  near  Mumford's.  Kev.  Jacob 
Young  tells  in  his  Autohioyraphy  of  a  notable  meeting  there  in 
1814,  addressed  by  Bishop  McKendree  several  days.  He  re- 
ports that  the  literati  of  Meadville  were  nearly  all  in  attend- 
ance, and  General  Mead  was  one  of  the  company.  The  General 
took  the  stand  and  warned  certain  disorderly  elements  against 
interfering  with  the  services.  In  fact,  the  citizens  assumed 
the  policing  of  the  grounds.  Another  camp  meeting  site  of 
much  fame  was  Gravel  Run,  or  Rockville,  ten  miles  north  of 
Meadville.  The  Meadville  Society  of  182G  worshipped  in  the 
loft  of  John  Lupher's  blacksmith  shop,  at  the  southeast  corner 
of  Main  and  Arch.  A  lot  on  Arch  near  Liberty  was  bought  and 
plans  for  a  brick  edifice  made  in  1829.  The  building  was  not 
completed  for  some  years,  but  with  Homer  J.  Clark,  the  gifted 
acting  President  of  Allegheny  College,  stationed  as  its  preacher 
in  1833-4,  the  congregation  was  ushered  into  a  new  era  of 
activity  and  efficiency. 

But  the  larger  inspiration  felt  immediately  was  the  wide- 
spread belief,  that  now  the  future  of  the  college  had  been 
made  secure.  The  Crawp^ord  Messen(;kr  of  July  2G  prophesied 
that  at  no  distant  day  Allegheny  would  take  rank  among  the 
most  useful  institutions  of  the  nation.  The  committee  of  Dr. 
Enter,  John  Reynolds,  David  Derickson,  Rev.  A.  Brunson  and 
Rev.  Homer  J.  Clark,  named  to  prepare  a  Prospectus,  reported 
in  a  fortnight  and  one  thousand  copies  of  the  announcement 
were  sent  broadcast  on  August  12. 

"The  Trustees  of  Allegheny  College  take  pleasure  in  announcing 
that  the  preparatory  department  of  this  Institution  will  be  open  for 
the  reception  of  students  on  the  first  Monday  in  September,  and  the 
collegiate  department  on  the  first  Monday  in  November.  The  college  is 
now  under  the  patronage  of  the  Pittsburgh  Annual  Conference  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  The  change  is  not  designed  to  effect  in 
the  slightest  degree  the  liberal  principles  of  its  organization,  recognized 

[  >^:'>  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEdE 

in  its  charter.  Though  under  the  patronage  of  a  particular  religious 
denomination,  it  is  not  intended  to  be  sectarian.  This  character  is 
utterly  disavowed. 

"The  Board  of  Trustees,  as  before,  is  still  composed  of  literary 
gentlemen  of  different  religious  persuasions.  No  particular  theological 
views  will  be  permitted  to  influence  any  of  the  decisions  of  the  Board; 
and  from  their  knowledge  of  the  character  of  the  gentlemen  compos- 
ing the  Faculty,  the  public  may  be  assured,  that  no  such  views  will 
be  mingled  with  the  general  course  of  instruction.  The  Board,  how- 
ever, is  so  thoroughly  persuaded,  that  practical  m.orality  and  the  best 
interests  of  man,  in  time  and  eternity,  are  intimately  dependent  on  the 
belief  and  influence  of  the  principles  of  revealed  religion,  that  a  system 
of  education  leaving  them  out  of  view,  would  be  materially  defective. 

"Students,  therefore,  will  be  required  to  observe  the  Sabbath  in  a 
serious  and  Christian  manner;  leaving  the  place  where  they  shall  attend 
public  worship  to  their  own  choice  and  the  advice  of  parents  and 
guardians.  The  Trustees  pledge  themselves  to  the  public  that  their  best 
exertions  shall  be  given  to  aid  the  Faculty  in  forming  the  moral  and 
intellectual  character  of  the  student  body." 

The  circular  set  forth  the  merits  of  Bentley  Hall,  of  the 
Library,  ranked  aiiionj^  the  first  in  the  Union,  of  the  philo- 
sophical and  chemical  apparatus,  sutficient  for  illustrating  the 
subjects  in  science,  and  of  Meadville,  as  an  ideal  college  town. 
For  admission  to  the  Freshman  Class,  Ca?sar's  Commentaries. 
X'ergil's  Aeneid  and  Eclognes,  the  Oreek  Testament,  Historia 
Sacra  and  arithmetic  through  cube  root  were  re(piired.  J)r. 
Knter  was  not  ex])ecte(l  to  move  to  Meadville  until  the  ad- 
vanced classes  demanded  his  services.  Homer  .1.  Clark,  as 
^'ice-President.  was  to  have  charge  of  attairs,  also  being  pro- 
fessor of  Mathematics  and  Natural  Science.  Augustus  M. 
Kutei".  A.B..  a  graduate  of  Augusta  College,  was  professor  of 
Languages  and  of  Orecian  and  Kfunan  Anti(piities. 

The  i)eriod  of  jtublicity  was  brief.  Would  the  advertise- 
ment of  the  new  era  for  Allegheny  (.'ollege  be  widely  scattered? 
Andntions,  loyal  Meadville  in  every  one  of  its  citizens  of  thir- 
leen  hundred  souls  looked  forward  eagerly  to  the  a])pointed 
opening  on  that  I'u-st  Monday,  Novend)er  fourth.  The  college 
agent  had  been  traveling  in  Ohio;  that  efficient  recruiting 
factor  thr<nigh  the  years,  the  Methodist  ]»ieacher.  was  busy  in 
many    a    community.      The    w<'ll    <'laborate<l    jdan.    announced 

f   S4   1 


HISTOin    OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLECJE 

October  7tli,  of  the  Miinual  Labor  system  to  be  connected  with 
tlie  Institution,  <!^ave  rise  to  much  favorable  comment  and 
promised  to  attract  no  small  nnmber  of  the  earnest  youth  of 
the  land. 

The  day  of  enrollment  found  twenty-two  stiulents  gathered 
at  Bentley  Hall,  all  four  college  classes  having  representa- 
tives. The  preparatory  department,  operating  since  September 
fourth,  sup])lied  a  nucleus  and  accessions  continued  through 
the  term,  forty  being  registered  by  Christmas,  and  the  number 
reaching  tiftj'-seven,  St.  ^'alentine's  Day,  IS^U.  Monday, 
November  fourth,  had  been  a  gala  occasion.  Dr.  Kuter  came 
to  Meadville  by  stage  coach  the  previous  week  from  his  Pitts- 
burgh pastorate  and  preached  on  Sunday  afternoon  in  the 
Court  House.  Here  the  next  day  at  eleven  o'clock,  the  new 
President  conducted  the  formal  opening  exercises  of  the  Meth- 
odist regime,  making  an  address  of  an  hour  and  a  half  to  a 
large  assend)lage  of  the  citizens,  students  and  college  author- 
ities. The  Trustees  had  come  in  a  procession  to  the  ceremony. 
The  inaugural  message  elicited  general  praise  and  satisfaction. 

Martin  Kuter,  D.D.,  was  the  conspicuous  asset  of  the  Alle- 
gheny of  18.">3.  The  verdict  of  his  contemporaries  is  that  he 
was  one  of  the  extraordinary  men  of  his  age.  No  clergy- 
man of  the  Methodist  connection  displayed  a  greater  versatility 
in  function  and  office,  save  possibly  certain  niend>ers  of  the 
E]>iscopacy.  They  scarcely  surpassed  him  in  the  variety  of  his 
geograi)liical  fields  of  labor,  nor  in  the  measure  of  establishe<l 
success  that  attended  him.  In  the  New  England,  the  Phila- 
del])hia,  the  Ohio,  the  Kentucky,  the  Pittsburgh.  The  Erie  and 
the  Texas  Conference-to-be.  h(»  was  ever  ranked  among  the  fore- 
most. Bisho})  ALitthew  Simpson  in  his  "One  Hundred  Years 
of  Method ixin,"  speaking  of  the  few  men  of  creative  minds,  who 
in  the  period  from  181  (1-20  became  leaders  in  their  respective 
s])]ieres  and  gave  breadth  and  energy  to  connectional  move- 
ments, mentions  six  names.  Soule.  Hedding,  .John  Emory, 
Nathan  Bangs,  Wilbur  Fisk  and  Martin  Kuter.  Four  of  thes;i 
were  of  the  New  England  Conference,  the  first  three  were 
Bishops,  the  fourth  the  President  of  Wesleyan.  and  the  fiftli 


Kev.  Martin  Ruter.  D.D..  President  1833- 


HrSTOJiV  OF  ALLK(JHKXV   (X)LLK(;K 

llie  (Mlitor  of  the  Xi:\v  Vouk  Advocatk  jiihI  the  historian  of  Ins 
(lini-ch. 

TIic  second  I'rcsidciit  of  our  coilc'-e  liad  a  (listiiiction,  that 
Avas  ai»])i-o])riat(dy  uiiicnio.  He  was  said  to  he  the  best  ediu-ated 
man  in  Methodism.  And  this  repute  was  further  intensified  by 
the  fact,  that  this  erudition  was  the  ])roduct  of  liis  own  per 
sistent,  private  study.  He  was  the  first  Metliodist  preacher  to 
receive  tlie  Iionorary  de<iree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity,  this  beiu<»' 
confei-red  by  Transylvania  University  of  KeJitucl<y  in  1S22. 
When  Dr.  IJuter  accepted  the  ollice  at  Mead vi lie,  he  was 
forty-oi^lit  years  of  a<>e.  but  his  career  of  «\\ce]>tional  activity 
had  been  early  entered.  liorn  in  Charleton.  AVorcester 
County,  Massachusetts,  living  later  in  Vermont,  where  the  lad 
received  nieaj»er  schooling,  before  he  was  sixteen  years  old 
lie  was  admitted  a  preacher  in  the  New  York  Conference  at 
the  historic  John  Street  Church  in  -lune.  ISOl,  lOlijah  Hed- 
ding  being-  a  classmate. 

In  his  Autobiograi)hy,  he  writes:  "l  had  a  taste  foi"  learn- 
ing and  a  thirst  for  knowledge  from  my  earliest  recollections. 
This  taste  I  cherislied  by  imitro\ing  diligently  such  oppor- 
tunities as  I  had  of  private  studies  at  home,  for  my  father 
was  unable  to  give  nie  those  academic  advantages,  which  I 
earnestly  desired  to  obtain.  The  deficiencies  of  my  educa- 
tion I  endeavored  to  su])]>ly,  as  far  as  I  was  able,  by  my  own 
industry  and  in  these  ettoi'ts,  contiiuied  tiircmgh  a  course  of 
many  years'  study,  T  have  not  been  altogether  unsuccessful." 
When  stationed  at  Montreal  as  a  missionary  in  1804.  he  studied 
Hebrew  under  a  learned  Kabbi,  ac(piiring  a  working  know- 
le<lge  of  the  language  and  later  ]»ublishing  a  Hebrew  gram- 
mar.    He  also  became  ])roticient  in  French.  Latin  and  (Ireek. 

AVhen  Kev.  Martin  Enter  was  elected  the  first  Princi])al  of 
the  New  Market,  N.  H..  Aca<lemy.  of  the  New  l']ngland  Con- 
ference in  1818.  his  advent  turned  a  wave  of  ])opularity 
towai'd  the  school,  for  the  example  of  a  self-made  man.  assum- 
ing the  leadershi])  of  his  church's  educational  interests  sug- 
gested large  possibilities  to  those  being  favored  with  better 
early  advantages.     In  the  ollicial  councils  of  the  I-'ast.  he  was 

[   ^'  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY   COLLEGE 

constantly  honored.  This  vonng  minister  of  twenty-three  was 
one  of  the  delegates  to  tlie  General  Conference  of  Methodism 
in  1808.  He  served  in  all  the  snbsequent  (jnadrennial  chnrch 
gatherings  nntil  his  death,  except  the  Conference  of  L'^28  at 
Pittsburgh,  when  he  was  the  chief  secretary  of  the  body. 
AYithin  this  period  he  sat  as  the  representative  of  the  New 
England,  the  Ohio,  the  Kentucky,  and  the  Pittsburgh  Annual 
Conferences.  He  held  committee  positions  of  commanding 
influence,  became  the  founder  of  the  Western  Methodist  Book 
Concern  and  was  supported  warmly  by  his  frien<ls  in  the  bal- 
lotings  for  the  Episcopacy. 

The  voice  and  pen  of  Dr.  Kuter  strongly  championed 
popular  education.  His  program  included  a  four-fold  educa- 
tion: domestic,  moral,  religious  and  literary.  In  a  public  docu- 
ment he  recorded  the  judgment,  that  no  religious  society  had 
done  so  much  in  the  circulation  of  books  and  the  general  diffu- 
sion of  knowledge  as  the  Methodists,  and  when  they  should 
make  similar  progress  in  education  of  all  branches,  the  de 
nomination  would  hold  a  position  of  far  reaching  power.  As 
a  contribution  to  the  cause,  he  prepared  text  books  on  arith- 
metic and  a  portion  of  French  grammar,  an  American  Primer 
and  the  new  American  Sj)elling  Book  and  Juvenile  Pre- 
ceptor. During  his  western  residence,  he  had  ])ublished  at 
Cincinnati  a  Hhiorij  of  Mnrtjirsi,  coni])iled  from  the  works  of 
Fox  and  others.  His  Uistori/  of  the  Cliristian  ChiircJi.  based 
on  Dr.  Gregory's  writing,  Itut  revised  with  added  cha]>ters, 
became  the  text  for  half  a  century  (►f  the  coui-se  of  study  for 
all  ^fethodist  preachers. 

Called  to  the  Presidency  of  Augusta  College  in  18l*S.  this 
educational  leader  had  a  much  broader  field  than  in  the  New 
Market  Academy.  Under  the  patronage  of  the  Kentucky  and 
Ohio  Conferences,  over  one  hundred  students  were  enrolled 
in  the  collegiate  department.  The  standard  of  instruction 
was  high  under  mendters  of  a  Faculty  such  as  J.  P.  Finley, 
Dr.  .L  ]•.  Durbin.  Prof.  .1.  S.  Tonilinson  and  later,  Henry 
liascom.  The  numbei-  of  graduates  readied  sixteen  in  1S:'>2, 
yet  tlie  IM-esident  felt  strongly  im]»elled  to  return  to  the  gospel 

[  ss  ] 


HISTOKV   OF  ALLKGIIEXY   COLLEGE 

ministry,  tor  llic  passion  of  evangelism  was  the  dominant  note 
in  the  career  of  Dr.  Hnter.  Accordingly,  I'ittsburgh  became 
the  scene  of  his  next  labors.  His  coming  was  coincident  with 
a  marked  religious  growth  in  the  city  and  an  increase  in  the 
nnnd)er  of  churches.  His  pastorate  (piickly  entered  into  a 
revival  season  and  200  accessions  were  made. 

But  the  large  new  enterprise  of  the  Pittsburgh  Conference 
at  Meadville  was  demanding  imperiously  its  big  man  of  the 
j)erio<l  in  Western  Pennsylvania,  and  once  more  the  name 
and  fame  of  Martin  Ituter,  D.D.,  were  capitalized  for  the 
benetit  of  his  denomination.  While  he  did  not  begin  adminis- 
trative work  at  once,  he  was  sent  by  the  Trustees  with  Judges 
Barlow  and  Shippen  to  Harrisburg  to  support  the  memorial 
to  the  Legislature  for  an  appropriation.  The  Manual  Labor 
l)roposition  had  warranted  another  appeal  for  State  aid.  .1. 
B.  Wallace,  the  Assemblyman  from  Crawford,  fathered  the 
bill  on  December  7th.  A  dozen  petitions  for  the  relief  of  Alle 
glieny  came  from  the  various  counties  of  Northwestern  l*enn- 
sylvania,  being  submitted  by  the  several  representatives. 

After  a  report  from  the  Committee  on  Education  and  a 
session  of  the  Committee  of  the  Whole  on  the  Act,  upon  the 
second  reading,  February  24.  the  desired  appropriation  of 
!^3000  yearly  was  cut  to  .'^2000,  and  tinally  thus  passed  by  the 
House  on  February  20.  A  separate  measure  had  been  pre- 
sented in  the  Senate,  December  0.  by  S.  Cunningham,  of  the 
District  of  Erie.  Crawford  and  Mercer  Counties,  but  the  House 
Bill  was  eventually  considered  April  1.  In  the  Committee 
of  the  Whole,  after  minor  changes,  the  measure  passed  April 
2.  was  accepted  by  the  House  in  conference  and  signed  by 
Governor  Wolf.  April  4.  18:54.  The  State  agreed  to  pay  Alle- 
gheny $8000,  in  four  annual  installments  of  .*i>2000  each,  on  the 
condition  that  equal  sums  shall  be  obtained  by  subscriptions 
and  actually  paid  into  the  treasury.  The  terms  for  1834  were 
reported  quickly  as  fulfilled,  since  .*?G000  had  been  subscribed 
in  eight  months  on  the  Bishop  Boberts  Professorship,  and  the 
public  money  was  drawn  to  meet  the  mortgage  on  the  college 
property. 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY   COLLEGE 

The  Manual  Labor  System,  which  engaged  the  attention  of 
the  Trustees  in  the  opening  year  of  1833,  had  a  wide  vogue  in 
the  educational  plans  of  this  j^eriod  in  the  United  States. 
The  AYesleyan  Academy  at  Keadfield,  Maine,  began  in  1825 
to  furnisli  employment  daily  to  its  students  and  gained  much 
fame  by  the  brief  success  of  its  experiment.  The  Andover 
Tlieological  Seminary  introduced  the  i)ractice  and  the  Quar- 
TKHLY  IiKGisTER  of  tlic  American  Educational  Society  in  its 
issues  from  1827-31  was  the  fervent  advocate  of  the  system. 
The  editor  and  secretary.  Kev.  Elias  Cornelius,  printed  in  the 
pages  of  this  serious  journal  the  thrilling  testimonials  of 
scholarly  youths,  who  witli  "feeble  hearts,  general  debility  and 
great  pectoral  weakness"  had  tried  the  workshops  and  farms 
of  Andover  and  lieen  made  miratidously  well. 

The  Oneida  Institute  of  tlie  Methodist  Church  at  Whites- 
borough.  N.  Y..  and  the  Mayville  Seminary  in  Tennessee  prac- 
ticed phases  of  the  scheme.  Finally,  in  1831,  a  national  society 
for  Promoting  ^Lmual  Labor  in  Literary  Institutions  was 
organized  and  the  agent,  Theodore  D.  Weld,  after  extensive 
travels  an<l  correspondence.  iss\ied  a  report  of  120  pages.  The 
Manual  Labor  School  at  Germantown  was  removed  in  183.2 
to  Easton.  ]*a.,  to  furnisli  the  nucleus  of  Lafayette  College. 
A  large  factor,  contributing  to  the  American  movement,  had 
been  the  experiment  of  Fellenbnrg.  the  Swiss  educator,  at 
Hopwyl.  Accounts  by  him  in  the  Ei»ixi'.rR<;ir  I{i:vii:w  of 
1817-8  brought  an  international  puldicity.  His  theory  of 
iiiaiiual  activity  was  a  necessary  comi»lement  to  the  sense  per- 
ception  ami   object  teaching  of  his  (•ontemi)orarv,  I'estalozzi, 

At  such  a  period  of  ])ropaganda,  the  committee  of  the 
Allegheny  Board,  lirnnson.  Reynolds  and  Hamilton,  named  on 
August  20.  183.3.  made  its  investigation.  An  exhaustive  and 
uni«|ue  document  was  ]>re|>aied  and  sent  broadcast  in  circular 
foi-m.  It  a]»])eared  in  full,  a  communication  of  nearly  eight 
thousand  words,  in  the  November  issue  of  Hazard's  |{i:(;istkr 
OF  rHNxsviAANiA,  Vol.  NIL.  No.  18.  The  Methodist  Com- 
mittee gave  credit  to  .lohn  Wesley  in  his  Kingwood  Academy 
for  comldiiing  useful  labor  with  study.     It  cited  with  apjn'oval 

[   *•><»   1 


HISTORY  OF  ALLE(;ilENV   COU.VAiK 

tlie  plan  of  Coke.sbury  Collejie,  45  years  before,  with  its  work- 
sliop  and  gardens,  where  tlie  students  were  recjuired  to  spend 
their  liours  of  recreation,  instead  of  in  i<lle  jday.  Alleglieny 
CoHege  based  its  phm  on  a  probable  fifty  student  farmers  and 
fifty  meclianics,  working  three  hours  a  day.  The  total  time 
of  the  fifty  agriculturists  was  e<iuated  into  the  labor  of  fifteen 
men.  employed  ten  hours  daily.  To  equip  this  company,  the 
list  of  supplies  cited  included  a  farm  of  200  acres  at  §4:000; 
teams  and  implements,  |500;  sheep,  cows,  hogs,  and  poultry, 
S.'IOO;  buildings,  .*;2,000 ;  mechanic  shops,  with  tools  and  ware- 
houses, with  house  of  superintendent,  fiOOO ;  a  total  of  $10,800 
for  the  nuinual  labor  jjlant. 

The  appeal  for  fun<ls  was  based  on  the  benefits  the  system 
would  confer  upon  the  public  and  the  students.  The  argu- 
ment of  the  committee  ^^as  quite  ingenious.  The  portion  of  the 
public  most  vitally  concerned  was  said  to  be  the  two  thousand 
farmers  in  Crawford  County.  Their  lack  of  information, 
that  science  could  furnish,  placed  them  at  a  costly  disadvan- 
tage. If  each  farmer  were  to  be  instructed  as  to  the  nature  of 
soils,  cultivation  of  crops,  and  nu4hods  of  stock  raising  and 
fruit  growing,  he  would  save  >?oO  y«'arly,  now  being  lost.  There- 
fore, let  each  of  them  give  SIO  and  start  the  experiment.  The 
College  Farm  would  be  a  model,  viewed  by  all  who  came  to 
the  county  seat.  It  would  have  an  extensive  nursery  and 
stock  breeding.  It  was  hoi)ed  that  students  would  enroll  from 
all  the  townships  and  the  benefits  be  widely  extended.  The 
advantages  to  flow  from  the  mechanical  shops  would  appear 
in  the  cheapened  articles  of  convenience  and  consumption. 

The  Manual  Labor  plan  for  the  students  promised  to  im- 
]»rove  their  health  and  their  nu:»rals;  also  aiding  them  to  meet 
a  jtart  of  the  college  expenses.  The  re])ort  urged  then  social 
reasons  for  the  public  support.  It  said:  "The  old  systems 
confine  the  influence  of  education  to  the  wealthy,  tending 
towards  aristocracy.  This  system  opens  the  door  to  every 
member  of  the  community  with  industry,  for  the  student,  who 
obtains  his  education  in  this  way,  must  have  genius  and  enter- 
prise.    Furthermore,  learning  should  not  be  confined  to  the 

[   5>1    ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

professions,  for  this  is  anti-republicau.  The  farmer  and  the 
mechanic  should  be  learned,  for  in  the  Republic  every  man  is 
eligible  to  office  if  qualified  for  it.  Let  farmers  and  mechanics 
then  educate  their  sons,  and  though  they  should  hammer  the 
leather  like  Sherman  or  handle  the  type  like  Franklin,  yet 
being  learned,  they  are  qualified  for  office  and  may  be  called 
by  the  voice  of  the  people  from  their  domestic  employments  to 
guide  the  helm  of  State." 

An  option  on  forty  acres  of  land,  north  of  the  college,  was 
taken  in  October,  1833,  by  Alfred  Brunson  from  Robert  Buly. 
The  Trustees  assumed  the  contract  on  April  1st,  1831.  Also  an 
exchange  was  effected  of  the  tract  of  ten  acres,  given  by 
Robert  Finney  in  1882,  for  a  five-acre  lot  just  north  of 
the  gift  from  Samuel  Lord,  Esq.  The  five-acre  lot,  east  of  the 
campus,  and  belonging  to  Timothy  Alden,  was  rented,  while 
the  barn  of  the  ex-president  was  used  for  a  cari)enter  shop. 
Under  necessary  limitations,  the  Manual  Labor  System  was 
inaugurated  this  first  year.  Much  of  the  land  of  the  Buly 
tract  needed  to  be  cleared ;  in  the  other  areas,  the  students 
were  set  to  work  on  acre  and  half-acre  plots. 

The  lumber  was  bought  for  making  thirty  bedsteads,  thirty 
tables,  window  frames  and  sash  and  panel  doors.  The 
brawny  seekers  after  knowledge  were  also  put  to  making  a 
fence  of  sound  chestnut  rails  and  white  oak  posts  along  the 
front  of  the  ten-acre  possessions  of  the  college,  and  a  division 
fence  for  tlie  portion  to  be  cultivated.  Ira  Avery  had  been 
made  the  steward  and  superintemlent  of  the  farm.  He  lived  in 
the  east  wing  of  Bentley  and  boarded  several  students.  The 
attendance  had  gi'own  so  steadily  that  it  was  a  serious  ju-ob 
leni  to  furnish  accommodations.  The  east  basement  of  the 
college  buibling  was  ])repare(l  to  afford  a  cooking  ])lace  for  the 
students,  who  were  boarding  themselves.  Some  were  allowed 
lodging  the  second  session  of  the  first  year  on  the  second  fioor 
of  tlie  Hall,  turning  Bentley  into  a  dormitory,  in  accordance 
with  the  eighteenth  century  notion  of  the  purpose  of  a  college 
structure. 

The  citizens  of  Meadville  I'ejoiced  greatly  in  the  steady 
jn'ogress  of  llieii-  institution.     Evei'v  increase  of  students  was 

[   J'-'   1 


HISTOKV  OF  ALLEdUENY  COLLEGE 

warmly  applauded,  public  note  being  made  that  Allegheny  had 
risen  at  once  to  the  fourth  in  the  rank  of  attendance  upon 
J  Pennsylvania  colleges.  The  plan  of  conducting  term  examina- 
tions before  visitors  attracted  many  spectators,  and  the  ttrst 
otticial  exhibition  of  the  Allegheny  Literary  Society  at  the 
(Jourt  House,  on  March  27,  IS.'U,  brought  an  unprecedented 
company  together.  The  Trustees  voiced  their  approval  of  the 
occasion  through  President  Morrison,  and  the  four  student 
orators  of  the  evening  seemed  little  short  of  prodigies,  even  to 
the  litcrdti  who  were  ])resent.     The  Meadville  Grays,  at  the 


Court  House 

public  dinner  on  the  Fourth  of  -Inly,  through  their  Lieutenant 
I'erkins,  toasted,  along  with  Washington,  Lafayette  an<l  the 
Army.  Allegheny  Gollege.  "May  it  receive  the  encouragement 
and  suj>])ort  of  the  ])eoi>le  of  AVestern  Pennsylvania." 

])r.  ]\uter  came  to  the  active  presidency  of  the  college  in 
•Tune.  His  salary  was  fixed  at  seven  hundred  dollars;  that  of 
other  professors  was  tive  hundred,  liichard  AV.  Lauck  started 
as  tutor  in  the  preparatory  school,  AA'.  H.  Davis  was  added  in 

r  i):i  1 


HI8T0KY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

the  second  session  In  July,  Kuter,  Brunson  and  Barris  at- 
tended the  session  of  the  Pittsburgh  Conference,  held  in  Wash- 
ington, as  the  committee  from  the  Board  of  Trustees.  Th(i 
report  of  the  results  of  the  Methodist  patronage  contained 
abundant  incentive  to  still  larger  success.  The  enrollment  had 
reached  one  hundred,  coming  from  four  States.  The  schol 
arship  was  of  a  high  grade,  and  the  conduct  of  the  studeuls 
very  praiseworthy,  almost  half  of  the  number  making  religious 
profession. 

The  first  commencement,  under  the  Ruter  regime,  was  held 
in  the  Court  House  at  nine  o'clock  on  Sept.  2o.  A  procession, 
with  General  Dick  as  marshall  and  headed  by  the  band,  pre- 
ceded the  exercises.  The  following  program  was  given  by 
undergraduates  as  well  as  candidates  for  the  baccalaureate: 

Salutatory  in  Latin  by  James  M.  Ellis. 

Oration,  '*The  Aborigines  of  America",  by  Samuel  AY.  .Mc- 
Clure. 

Oration,  "The  Spirit  of  the  Times",  by  Zelotes  Holmes. 

Oration.  "The  Importance  of  Established  Moral  Princi- 
ples", by  J.  P.  Holloway. 

Oration,  '"American  Literature",  by  William  McMichael. 

Oration,  '"The  Manual  Labor  System",  by  William  H. 
Davis. 

Oration,  ''The  Existence  of  God  Proven  from  the  Works 
of  Creation",  by  Philander  S.  Kuter. 

Valedictory,  Thomas  Van  Home. 

Three  Seniors  received  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Arts, 
Ellis,  Kuter  and  Van  Home.  Alfred  Brunson  and  Matthew 
Simpson  had  conferred  upon  them  the  honorary  Master  of 
Arts.  The  latter  had  been  briefly  at  Madison  C^oUege,  then 
studied  medicine.  At  the  Meadville  sessions  of  the  IMttsburgh 
Conference,  in  iSXi,  though  absent,  he  was  entered  as  a 
l)reacher  on  trial.  The  next  year  he  was  assigned  to  Pitts 
burgh  and  contemplated  pursuing  courses  in  Allegheny  ColU'ge 
to  gain  Ihe  degree  denied  him  at  Madison.  Under  these  cir- 
cnmstances.  Dr.  Kuter  claimed  Kev.  Matthew  Simi»son  for  Alle- 
glieny  l)y  placing  him  on  its  r(>lls  as  an  A.  M.     Tlie  collegi'  at 

[  04  ] 


HISTOKV   OF  ALLEdllEXY   COLLECE 

Meadville  might  happily  liave  taken  under  its  educational  aegis 
other  one-time  students  of  the  abandoned  Madison  College. 

The  Baccalaureate  Address  of  the  I'resident  was  received 
with  much  favor  and  had  wide  i)ul)licity,  being  reproduced  in 
the  MirniODiST  Quaktekly  an<l  elsewhere.    Two  extracts  were: 

"Though  your  pupilage  now  closes,  you  scarcely  can  consider  your 
education  as  finished.  So  far  from  this,  it  can  only  be  said  that  you 
are  now  prepared  to  cultivate  the  sciences  by  your  own  skill.  The 
treasures  of  learning  have  been  spread  before  you  and  you  have  per- 
ceived that  there  is  an  immensity  in  their  resources.  The  foundation  of 
literary  honors  and  eminent  usefulness  must  be  laid  in  the  morning 
of  our  days,  but  the  superstructure  must  not  be  neglected  afterwards. 
No  one  was  ever  born  a  scholar,  nor  is  it  possible  to  become  one  with- 
out mental  discipline.  Those,  who  have  astonished  mankind  by  their 
powers,  have  accomplished  their  work,  not  so  much  by  the  superiority 
of  natural  talents,  as  by  patient  attention  and  persevering  industry. 
The  votaries  of  learning  should  not  only  add  to  their  acquirements,  but 
aim  at  improving  the  arts  and  sciences  themselves.  Shall  we  be  told, 
that  after  so  many  improvements,  no  room  remains  for  others?  This 
was  the  cry  of  the  indolent  prior  to  the  days'  of  Bacon,  Locke,  Newton, 
Herschel  and  others.  But  it  is  not  true.  Rivers  may  dry  up,  foun- 
tains may  fail,  but  the  sources  of  useful  knowledge  can  never  be  ex- 
hausted. The  progress  already  made  affords  the  best  encouragement  to 
the  adventurer  in  the  arts,  to  the  searcher  after  truth,  to  the  lover  of 
learning." 

'"Another  matter  which  should  share  attention  is  that  of  improving 
ihe  minds  of  others.  We  desire  that  all  who  go  from  this  college  carry  a 
full  notion  of  the  importance  of  extending  the  means  of  education.  The 
diffusion  of  useful  knowledge  is  indispensable  to  the  preservation  of  a 
republican  government.  We  see  improvement  in  the  establishment  of 
seminaries  and  in  the  modes  of  instruction.  A  taste  for  the  sciences  is 
increasing  and  the  advantages  to  be  derived  from  them  are  more  fully 
appreciated,  yet  there  is  a  deficiency  in  the  common  English  schools  of 
the  land  and  there  ought  to  be  prompt  correction  in  every  State.  The 
system  recently  adopted  in  Pennsylvania  promises  much  good  and  can- 
not fail  of  the  blessing  of  Heaven." 

The  address  also  urged  the  fostering  of  general  reading  by 
the  estal)lishment  of  lil)raries  in  towns  and  villages.  Just  as 
Franklin  helped  to  found  a  library  in  his  adopted  city,  so  the 
college  man  should  follow  his  example.  If  a  large  collecion  of 
books  were  not  possible,  then  a  few  thousand  volumes  or  hun- 

[   i»">   ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

(Ireds,  and  in  the  last  resort  general  reading  should  be  encour- 
aged by  the  circulation  of  tracts  and  periodicals.  The  alumni 
of  Alleghen}^  were  commissioned  ever  to  be  mindful  of  their 
responsibility  in  the  work  of  the  moral  and  mental  improve- 
ment of  their  fellowmen.  "'Let  useful  knowledge  be  diffused 
throughout  every  laud." 


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CIIAPTEH   IV 

THE   END()A\  ME:NT   CAMPAIGN 

J.LE(JIIEXy  College  luul  gained 
an  additional  and  essential  assei: 
over  its  ecjnipinent  in  the  first 
epoch  of  its  history.  The  num- 
ber of  the  seekers  after  know- 
ledge in  the  initial  year  of  the 
second  period  was  highly  encour- 
^-   -"     -  aging.      But   in    the   paramount 

concern  of  an  educational  enterprise,  that  of  annual  income 
and  permanent  endowment,  was  the  future  of  the  college 
equally  reassuring?  In  the  Trustees'  message  of  1834  to  the 
I'ittsburgh  Conference,  the  burden  was  frankly  placed  on  the 
Methodists ;  ''we  rely  upon  the  measures  you  see  fit  to  adopt 
and  upon  the  liberality  of  the  fi'iends  of  the  college.  From  the 
lively  interest  nmnifested  by  so  numerous  a  body  of  men,  hav- 
ing extensive  influence,  we  think  there  is  no  fear  that  the 
sums  will  be  not  collected  to  insure  the  renmining  yearly  pay- 
ments of  the  State  donation.  We  entertain  entire  confidence 
in  the  ability  of  the  Pittsburgh  (^inference  to  accomplish  all  it 
has  undertaken  and  all  that  the  Institution  needs  for  its  per- 
manent prosperity." 

The  two  thousand  dollars  from  the  Commonwealth,  condi- 
tioned upon  a  like  sum  paid  over  by  the  friends  of  the  college, 
was  a  potent  incentive  to  raise  at  least  that  amount  ea<h  year. 
But  the  Conference  of  ISIU  planned  larger  things.  Bishoi) 
Soule  was  the  presiding  Bishop  and  urged  that  a  dollar  sub- 
scription be  taken  from  every  Methodist  to  provide  the  yearly 
installment  of  the  cliurch,  then  collect  uotes  to  finish  the  ten 
thousand  fund  of  the  Roberts  Professorship.  Three  iinancial 
agents  were  named  and  the  program  started,  that  was  to  be 
often  repeated,  of  requesting  all  the  ministers  to  take  offerings 
for  Allegheny  within  the  year.     Charles  Elliott,  of  the  (\)xfeh- 

[   i>T  ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

Kxri:   -loi  RXAi,.   siipi>orte(l  the  college  in   vigorous  editoi-ials. 
He  said : 

"Since  Allegheny  is  under  the  patronage  of  the  Methodists,  there 
is  a  moral,  if  not  a  legal  obligation  to  maintain  the  college.  The  Insti- 
tution is  not  designed  to  make  ministers,  nor  to  establish  religion  among 
us,  nor  even  to  elevate  the  church.  But  it  does  give  the  Pittsburgh 
Conference  a  chance  to  do  its  part  in  the  higher  branches  of  educa- 
tion. .Methodists  must  foster  colleges,  so  as  to  preserve  its  influence  in 
intellectual  things.  All  are  concerned,  rich  and  poor,  male  and  female, 
in  advancing  Allegheny." 

The  second  scholastic  yeai-  of  Tresident  Knter  showed 
further  progress.  William  M.  Burton,  an  A.  B.  of  Wesleyau, 
was  added  to  the  Fat-ulty  as  ju'eceptor.  The  State  Legislature 
gave  the  use  of  the  arsenal  at  the  bottom  of  the  Hill  for  the 
lodging  of  the  students.  On  the  campus,  east  of  Bentiey,  was 
erected  a  frame  dormitory,  one  story  in  height,  sixty  feet  in 
length.  Avith  rooms  to  accommodate  a  score  and  more.  One  of 
the  provisions  of  the  Act  of  April  ."),  18:>4,  re(piired  that  in 
return  for  the  State  aid,  twelve  students  should  annually  b(- 
educated  gratis  for  teachers  of  the  English  language.  This 
attracted  naturally  those  who  would  take  courses  mostly  ir, 
the  academic  department. 

The  instruction  of  certain  persons  gratis  was  a  comlitiou 
impose<l  by  Pennsylvania  on  several  of  its  colleges  and  was 
designed  to  aid  in  supplying  teachers  for  the  common  school 
system  created  in  ^S'.*A.  The  Allegheny  Trustees  discharged 
Iheir  obligation  faithfully.  The  regulations  were,  that  ihe  bene- 
ficiaries have  in  view  teaching  as  a  "future  business",  rliat  they 
acknowledge  the  being  of  a  God  and  be  of  goo<l  moral  char- 
acter. The  candidates  were  acce])ted  for  a  term  at  a  time  and 
must  sliow  proficiency  in  the  three  It's. 

At  this  time,  tlie  Eunice  Day  schobirship  of  lS2ri  was 
revived.  ;ind  ui»on  tlie  nomination  of  Tinntthy  Alden,  aUotted 
to  William  ;McMi(lia(d. 

Others  w<'re  attracted  to  Meadville  by  the  jtossibility  of 
•h'fraying  a  |»ortioii  of  their  expenses  whih'  in  colk'ge.  The, 
Mannal  I>abor  system  was  a  valuable  advertisement,  lint  its 
administration    soon   encountered    vexatious  features.      Mater- 

[    •••■^   ] 


IIISTOKV   OF   ALLKdIIKXV   COLLEdK 

ials  must  be  ]»i-()vi<UMl  and  a  sale  of  i»ru<liicls  an-aii^rd.  One 
contract  called  for  the  niakin<i  of  fanning  mills.  Three  hours 
of  work  a  (hiy  were  i-ecjuired.  But  certain  of  the  hiborers 
conceived  exa<i<;erated  notions  of  the  worth  of  their  toil.  They 
asked  as  theii-  jiay  both  Itoard  and  tuition.  When  refused,  a 
few  malcontents  left  in  hij^h  <ludjieon  to  circulate  unfavorable 
rei»oi-ts  of  the  ex])eriment.  A  more  serious  matter  was  the 
entrance  of  unskilled  and  untutored  i)ersons,  who  expected  to 
be  taught  a  trade. 

The  Trustees  had  to  jMiblish  the  notice,  that  students  who 
])lanned  to  ]>rotit  by  their  labor  while  at  Allegheny  must  have 
a  knowledge  of  the  business  they  inteiuhMl  to  i)ursue  before 
they  came.  In  addition  to  work  in  the  shop  on  the  cam])us, 
several  found  emph)yment  with  the  mechanics  of  tlie  town. 
There  was  always  a  chance  to  secure  v/ork  of  this  sort  through 
tlie  years  after  the  college  system  was  aban(h)ned.  In  the 
agricultural  division  of  the  Manual  Labor  plan,  the  results 
were  disai)pointing  this  year  and  the  succeeding  one,  a  much 
less  ninnber  of  students  enlisting  here  than  in  the  mechanical. 
The  costs  of  the  labor  enterju-ise  made  a  large  item  in  a  budget 
alrea<ly  sadly  overdrawn. 

A  feature  was  now  stressed  that  came  to  be  associated  in 
the  minds  of  the  authorities  as  a  variation  or  substitute  for 
the  Manual  Labor  device.  This  was  self  boarding  by  the  stu 
dents.  The  dormitory  and  one  of  the  wings  of  Bentley  accom- 
modated such  as  prejtared  their  own  meals,  securing  ])rovisions 
in  town  or  often  having  su])plies  sent  from  their  homes.  It 
was  estimated  that  the  cost  could  be  held  as  low  as  sixty  cents 
a  week,  while  board  in  a  ]>rivate  family  ranged  from  '^1.2Ty  to 
•Sl.T."),  'dight,  fuel  and  washing  not  being  included.  '  This 
frugal  figure  ]daced  an  education  in  the  reach  of  very  many 
who  otherwise  would  have  been  denied  the  i)rivilege.  Tuition 
rates  were  twenty  and  sixteen  dollars  a  yeai-  in  the  coHegiate 
and  academic  de]»artments,  with  small  incidental  fees. 

The  enrollment  of  18:54-.")  reached  i:U,  drawn  from  eight 
States.  The  type  of  the  early  Allegheny  student  was  dis- 
tinctive. He  canu'  largely  from  the  homes  of  the  common 
])e()i)le;  very  often  he  had  reached  his  majority  when  he  was 

[  i>i>   ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

matriculated.  He  was  anibitiou.s,  intensely  in  earnest,  and  had 
*2:enerallT  a  fixed  goal  ahead,  after  the  period  of  his  scholastic 
training.  He  was  ready  to  make  any  self  sacrifice  to  attain 
his  purpose.  In  these  days,  Cyrus  Xutt,  later  president  of 
Indiana  University,  was  working  his  way  through  college. 
And.  soon,  Calvin  Kingsley  arrived  to  become  the  janitor  of 
Bentley  Hall,  while  he  was  bu.sy  shaping  the  splendid  talents 
which  were  to  bring  him  to  pre-eminent  leadership  in  Metho- 
dism. Allegheny  was  freely  spoken  of  as  the  best  place  for  a 
man  with  small  means.  For  sixty  or  seventy  dollars  a  year, 
he  was  said  to  be  entitled  to  as  much  respect  and  as  many 
advantages  as  if  he  was  the  possessor  of  his  thousands. 

From  the  many  visitors  to  the  college  and  in  the  official 
reports,  there  was  a  uniform  note  of  all  but  extravagant  praise 
of  the  exemplary  conduct  and  the  high  character  of  the  studeul 
body.  There  were  no  bickerings  or  disturbances.  Friction 
with  the  authorities  was  practically  unknown.  While  a  ma- 
jority of  the  students  at  this  time  were  religious,  this  by  no 
means  meant  that  the  most  of  them  were  preparing  for  the 
Christian  ministry.  The  contrast  of  Allegheny  with  Jetferson 
College  in  its  earlier  years  is  quite  striking,  when  in  the  latter 
institution  three-fourths  of  its  graduates  became  clergj^men. 

The  success  of  the  college  was  ascribed  as  due  in  no  small 
measure  to  the  Faculty.  The  stated  public  examinations  gave 
llie  community  strong  evidence  of  their  ability  to  instruct. 
They  held  i)ositions  of  commanding  influence  and  esteem  in 
the  minds  of  their  fellow  citizens.  They  were  especially  com- 
mended for  their  industry  and  tlieir  strict  attention  to  their 
work.  In  fact,  the  Trustees  complained  that  the  small  teach- 
ing force  had  to  labor  too  hard,  and  was  denied  any  chance  to 
visit  ]>atronizing  communities  and  extend  the  influence  of  the 
institution.  I'resident  L'uter  was  a  niiiversial  favorite.  The 
I'ourth  <»f  .Fuly  toast  of  tiie  young  men  of  the  borough  was  to 
Alleglieny  College,  with  the  sentiment,  "May  the  able  an<l  wise 
manner  in  whi«h  it  is  conducted  awaken  feelings  of  gratitmle 
and  respect  in  the  hearts  of  the  lovers  of  education."  The 
cordial  relations  witli  other  religious  denominations  of  ^fead 
ville  was  evidenced  in  September.  IS:^'),  by  the  conferring  of 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY   COLLEGE 

Ihe  honorary  dej^reo  of  Master  of  Arts  upon  Kev.  Nathaniel 
West,  of  the  Presbyterian  (Minrcli,  and  Rev.  Thomas  rronii)ton, 
of  the  Protestant  Episcopal.  There  were  four  Seniors  t(> 
receive  their  Baccalaureate:  (ieorfi;e  W.  Clarke,  twenty  years  a 
professor  in  the  colle<»e;  William  H.  Davis,  lon<;-  an  able 
lawyer;  William  McMichael  and  O.  A.  Zane.  Commence- 
ment Day  was  always  a  j>ala  att'air.  The  exercises  were  held  in 
the  brick  Presbvterian  Church. 


The  Brick  Church 


A  procession  formed  in  front  of  Bentley  at  !)  a.  in.  Some 
local  military  celebrity  would  be  at  its  head,  escorted  by  the 
brass  band  of  the  town.  Then  Trustees.  Faculty,  Seniors, 
undergraduates  and  visitors  came  with  conscious  dignity, 
winding  down  the  half  mile  from  the  Hill  to  the  aj)poiuted 
place.  In  the  earlier  years  when  the  town  did  nov  extend 
beyond  North  Street,  it  was  a  literal  return  to  the  habitations 
of  men.  For  tlie  entire  day  the  college  held  the  public  atteu 
tion ;  in  the  morning,  with  the  graduating  ceremonies:  in  the 

[   101  ] 


HltfTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY   COLLEGE 

afternoon   with  an   address  before   the  two  literary   societies 
and  their  friends. 

Dr.  Enter,  Bruiison  and  Barris  again  represented  the  Boara 
at  the  1835  session  of  the  IMttshurgh  Conference.  The  Koberts 
Professorship  had  not  been  subscribed  in  full,  but  a  second 
endowment  of  ^10,000,  for  a  professorship  to  be  named  the 
Asbury,  was  urged.  An  effort  was  made  to  have  the  subscrip 
tions  made  in  1830-1  to  the  Conference  endowment  of  ihidison 
College  diverted  to  Allegheny.  But  when  the  terms  could  not 
be  adjusted,  it  was  voted  to  release  all  parties  from  any  further 
payment  of  pledges  to  the  school  abandoned  at  Uniontown. 
Charles  Elliott  was  the  chairman  of  the  committee  on  e<luca- 
tion,  which  had  the  Conference  adopt  an  earnest  request  that 
Dr.  Kuter  continue  as  President  of  the  college.  He  liad  been 
invited  to  return  to  the  head  of  Augusta  College.  Later  he 
was  also  asked  to  take  the  Presidency  of  La  Grange  College, 
Alabama,  and  corres])onded  with  Rev.  Matthew  Simpson  to 
learn  if  the  young  preacher  would  accompany  him  as  a  pro- 
fessor. 

Tlie  Board  of  Trustees  sent  to  tlie  meeting  at  Pittsburgh 
a  remarkable  ad<lress,  exem])lifying  the  fidelity  of  tlie  man 
agement  of  Allegheny  to  the  original  purposes  and  traditions 
of  the  institution.  In  its  optimism  and  vision,  it  was  worthy 
of  Timothy  Alden  in  liis  loftiest  uttei-ances.    The  message  ran: 

"For  our  mutual  encouragement  and  as  a  stimulant  to  ccntlnued 
action,  survey  the  ground  we  occupy  and  contemplate  the  duties  de- 
volving upon  us  in  consequence.  We  live  in  the  soul-stirring  nineteenth 
century,  and  in  a  country  whose  liberal  religious  and  civil  systems  seem 
destined  in  the  Providence  of  God  as  models  for  the  rest  of  the  world. 

Consider  our  local  situation  at  the  head  of  the  great  Ohio  and 
.Mississippi  Valleys,  in  a  district  whose  population  is  fast  increasing  in 
numbers  and  intelligence.  This  district  has  already  begun  to  send  forth 
in  the  tide  of  emigration,  moving  towards  the  far  west,  colonies  to 
settle  other  regions  and  enterprising  individuals  to  explore  and  transact 
the   business  of  other  countries. 

They  should  go  forth  with  the  benefits  of  education  and  through 
them  this  institution  might  radiate  other  and  more  distant  climes  than 
we  now  occupy.  Also,  consider  the  importance  of  education  to  coun- 
teract the  designs  of  foreign  potentates  on  the  civil  and  religious  insti- 
tutions   of    our    beloved    country.      We    must    supply    in    Anu-rica    the 

[    10-'   ] 


HTSTOKY  OP  ALLEOIIEXV  C()LLi:(Jl-: 

church  with  an  enlightened  ministry,  the  forum  and  the  senate  with 
learned  counsellors,  the  schools  with  competent  teachers,  the  town  and 
country  with  erudite  physicians,  merchants,  mechanics  and  farmers.  In 
a  field  already  white  to  the  harvest,  no  time  is  to  be  lost,  if  we  do  the 
work  Heaven  has  assigned  us  as  our  part  towards  the  education  of 
mankind." 

The  third  year  of  the  regime  of  Dr.  Kuter  was  inai-ked  by 
liis  absence  for  two  months  at  the  Methodist  General  (Joufer- 
ence  in  Cincinnati.  The  I 'resident,  wliile  giving  liis  best  ener- 
gies to  the  college,  maintained  a  keen  interest  in  the  alfairs  of 
the  church  he  had  long  zealously  served.  An  insight  into  his 
state  of  mind  is  afforded  by  an  extract  from  the  brief  auto- 
biography he  jienned  while  in  Meadville  in  1835 :  "I  am  now 
at  the  college,  where  I  must  remain  for  a  season,  perhaj)s  two 
or  three  years,  until  the  institution  shall  have  acquired  a 
degree  of  prosperity  and  permanency  sufficient  to  secure  its 
usefulness.  As  soon  as  that  shall  be  accomplished,  it  is  my 
earnest  desire,  and  I  hope  1  shall  be  j)ermitted,  to  retire  from 
Meadville  and  enter  on  duties  in  which  I  may  be  e(pially  useful, 
and  enjoy  more  extensively  the  comforts  of  Divine  grace." 

In  the  operation  of  the  common  school  system  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, authorized  in  1834,  the  state  superintendent  called  for 
annual  reports  from  the  colleges  receiving  public  aid.  The 
statement  of  Allegheny,  in  1836,  showed  one  hundred  and 
twenty  students  enrolled,  forty-four  having  entered.  Thirty- 
live  were  preparing  to  teach.  A  comparison  with  Dickinson 
College,  then  having  one  hundred  in  attendance,  is  interesting. 
The  valuation  of  the  Allegheny  property,  including  the  library, 
at  124,000,  was  |4G,800,  while  that  of  Dickinson  was  .f40,000. 
The  total  expenditures  of  Allegheny  were  12500,  of  Dickinson, 
18000;  the  debt  of  the  former,  f3800;  of  the  latter,  |15,000. 

The  college  continued  to  ask  for  larger  gifts  from  the  state 
The  influential  friend  of  former  years,  Thomas  Atkinson,  sup- 
ported in  the  lower  house  at  Harrisburg  in  March  a  bill  appro 
priating  .f200,000  to  the  colleges,  the  proposed  allotment  to 
Allegheny  being  |25,000.  The  Board  of  Trustees  memorialize<l 
the  United  States  Congress  to  devote  federal  lands  to  educa- 
tion, and  Senator  James  Buchanan   was  intrusted  with  the 

[  103  ] 


HI8T0KY   OF  ALLKdHENY   COLLEGE 

I)etition.  Tlie  progress  of  the  collejie  brought  some  increase  in 
the  modest  salaries  of  the  i)rofessors  and  James  Keynolds  was 
added  as  tutor.  William  Burton  was  advanced  to  the  chair  of 
languages,  when  Augustus  W.  Kuter  was  made  i)rofessor  of 
moi-al  science,  the  i)osition  held  by  his  father,  who  became  pro 
fessor  of  oriental  languages  and  belle-lettres  in  addition  to  his 
executive  duties. 


Rev.  Alfred  Brunson.  D.  D. 

The  sumiiiei-  of  \s:Ut  bi-ouglit  the  removal  of  I  he  licv.  Alfred 
Hruiisoii.  who  had  been  the  h-ading  man  of  the  new  grouj* 
intr<Mluced  into  the  Hoai'd  in  1S:'.;>.  lie  was  a  typical  example 
of  intrepid  cii'cuit  i-idei-  and  i-(digious  pioneei-.  lie  preached 
first  in  .Mcadvillc  in  1S]!»  and  was  verv  f(»i!d  of  the  place,  call- 
ing it    the  ".Vtlicns"  of   Northwestern    Tennsylvania.      He  was 

[    104    1 


IlISTOKV   OF  ALLECJIIEXY   COLLEGE 

an   ai'doiit   coiiti-ovci'sialist    and   enpij^ed   in   set   debates   with 
various  denominational  (•lianii)ions. 

Writinjj;  against  tlie  secession  of  ISIM),  tliat  cnlininated  in 
the  Methodist  Protestant  (Miureh,  Brnnson  gained  national 
fame  as  "Silas  Ilopewell''.  He  was  an  aggressive  advocat(;  of 
edncation  and  Alleglienv  owes  him  miieli  for  his  unsparing 
services  in  tlie  business  administration  of  tlie  college,  while  he 
Avas  in  ^leadville.  He  served  tlie  community  by  organizing  the 
first  Lyceum.  An  appointment  as  missionary  to  the  >sorthwest 
caused  him  in  June  to  take  a  flat  boat  at  Meadville,  with  his 
family,  for  a  twenty-five-hundred-mile  voyage  on  French  Creek, 
ilie  Allegheny,  the  Ohio  and  the  Mississippi  for  the  Indian 
country. 

The  period  for  Meadville  was  one  of  steady  growth.  The 
population  of  the  borough  approached  two  thousand.  The 
county  ahnost  doubled  its  nund)er  in  the  decade,  becoming 
entitled  to  two  representatives  in  the  State  Assembly.  Emi- 
grants were  attracted  by  the  excellent,  cheap  lands.  Trade  by 
water  greatly  increased  and  the  Ei-ie  portion  of  the  canal  Avas 
building.  There  was  competition  in  stage  coach  lines  and  a 
better  mail  service,  ^^arious  conventions  were  held  to  secure 
railroads  for  the  region.  All  visitors  commented  on  the  beauty 
of  the  town.  "White  dwellings  shaded  with  a  profusion  of 
green  trees  and  glittering  cupolas  of  the  i)ublic  buildings  made 
a  lovely  scene." 

And  crowning  it  all,  overlooking  "the  little  vale  and  the 
crystal  stream,"  stood  Allegheny.  To  this  pleasant  site  of  the 
college,  on  Aug.  IT,  ISoG,  came  some  ninety  Methodist  preach- 
ers, who,  under  the  i)residency  of  Bishop  Soule,  organized  the 
lOrie  Conference,  out  of  the  northern  area  of  the  IMttsburgh 
Conference.  Dr.  Martin  Kuter  served  as  secretary  of  the  body. 
The  students  of  the  college  rendered  an  impressive  program 
before  the  clergy  visiting  them  at  Bentley.  The  incident  was 
in  eloquent  contrast  to  the  ins]>ection  of  the  church  authorities 
three  years  previous,  when  only  em])ty  halls  greeted  the  vis- 
itors. That  the  initial  session  of  the  new  conference  should 
be  held  in  Meadville  was  highly  a])])ropriate,  for  the  organiza- 

[  ior>  ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

tion.  by  its  proximity  to  the  college,  has  ever  given  Allegheny 
a  loyal  support. 

The  financial  reports  of  the  Trustees  to  the  two  patroniz- 
ing bodies  this  year  gave  a  review  of  the  trieunium.  It  set 
forth  how  Bentley  had  been  completed  and  transformed  from 
a  bare,  tinfurnished  structure.  The  inherited  debt  of  six 
thousand  dollars  had  been  reduced  by  half.  While  the  sub- 
scriptions to  the  Roberts  Professorship  were  now  complete,  the 
need  of  larger  resources  had  not  abated.  The  Board  had  con- 
sidered the  erection  of  a  library  building,  but  the  cost  was  then 
prohibitive.  The  conferences  were  asked  to  push  the  endow- 
ment of  another  professorial  chair.  Additional  aid  was  anti- 
i-ipated  from  the  State,  the  request  being  for  !*;20.000. 

The  third  commencement  of  Dr.  IJuter  had  but  a  single 
•gi-iidiLate,  Cyrus  Xutt,  who.  however,  was  a  host  in  himself  and 
<of  brilliant  promise.  He  was  at  once  made  a  tutor.  The  spirit 
of  the  day  was  reflected  in  an  address  on  ''The  Cause  of  the 
Texians",  made  by  a  mend)er  of  the  Junior  Class.  F.  H.  IMer- 
])ont,  future  Governor  of  West  ^'irginia.  At  this  time.  l*ro- 
fessor  Augustus  Kuter  resigned  his  new  position  in  moral  sci- 
ence to  go  to  Indiana  University. 

The  President,  for  all  his  usual  optimism,  now  sounded  a 
iiew  note  in  his  public  utterances.  He  said,  while  Allegheny 
was  prospering,  it  had  not  been  successful  to  the  extent  some 
expected.  He  had  begged  for  enlarging  support  from  the 
friends  of  the  institution.  Most  of  the  gifts  made  were  in  sub- 
scrijitions  yet  to  be  collecte<l.  the  donors  paying  interest  on 
tlicir  (tbligations.  Wlietlier  it  was  the  survival  of  that  early 
disinclination  of  the  Methodists  to  emphasize  the  importance 
of  literary  attainments  or  because  the  great  majority  of  the 
iiKMubers  were  persons  of  small  means,  the  church  was  ditticult 
to  arouse  to  sustain  its  educational  enterprises.  The  manual 
laboi-  system  on  the  agricultui-al  side  wiis  resulting  unfav- 
•oi"ibly,  and  )»urchasers  for  the  college  acres  were  sought. 

Dr.  Ivutei'  continued  feitile  in  jdans.  One  of  his  first  andti- 
tioiis  had  l»een  to  secui-e  the  Rev.  Matthew  Sim|)son,  M.  D.,  as 
a  member  of  his  l-^aculty.  He  had  learned  his  worth,  while  they 
ser\('d    ;is  jtastoi-s   in    Pittsburgh.      In    October,   1S;>4.   he   was 

[   100  ] 


IIISTOKV  OF  ALLK(;11J:XV   COLi.KCJK 

asked  to  come  to  McadvilU*  as  tlie  professor  of  cluMiiisti-y  and 
iiatiii-al  sciences,  to  receive  a  jtartial  salarv  and  depend  for  the 
remainder  njx)!!  his  hincet.  Dr.  Knter  thoujjht  there  wouhl  be 
plenty  of  hnsiness  in  the  town  foi'  the  yotinji  physician  min- 
ister, as  tliere  was  no  ^[etliodist  (h)ctor  livinj>-  there.  Though 
this  ojtportnnity  was  not  accei»te<l,  aj;ain  on  March  17,  ISoT, 
Matthew  Simpson  was  extended  an  invitation  by  the  Trustees 
To  become  the  professor  of  natnral  science  at  a  sahiry  of  five 
hundred  dollars.  The  pastorate  near  Pittsbnrj;h  was  resiji;iied 
and  tlie  new  science  j)rofessor  be^an  his  duties  ^lay  first. 

Tlie  I'resident  placed  si)ecial  emphasis  u])ou  the  relij^ious 
life  of  the  collej^e.  CrawfoiMl  County  yet  maintaine<l  its  rejiute 
as  a  place  of  notable  camp  meetin<is.  Dr.  Kuter  in  his  first 
year  addressed  on  a  Sabbath  a  throng  of  live  thousand  on  the 
grounds,  six  miles  west  of  Meadville.  There  were  ingatherings 
of  the  students  at  the  revivals  eadi  year  in  the  town,  the 
Faculty  taking  a  leading  part  in  the  meetings.  The  i)rofessors 
of  Allegheny  all  through  the  years  had  a  keen  interest  in  all 
that  touched  the  student  life  and  their  association  with  it  was 
intimate  and  stimulating.  The  cor<liality  of  their  mutual  rela- 
tions was  a  matter  of  comment  by  many  persons. 

The  second  executive  of  the  college  was  es]>ecially  gifted 
with  social  graces.  He  had  an  attractive  bearing  and  was 
very  att'able  in  conversation.  In  informal  comjianies.  his  wide 
information  and  fluent  sj>eech  made  him  a  natural  leader.  In 
l)ersonal  character.  Dr.  Ifuter  was  a  man  of  rare  integrity. 
The  friend  of  his  youth,  Hishop  lledding,  could  say  of  him, 
"that  in  all  the  years  of  intimate  association  with  him,  he 
never  knew  nor  heard  of  his  being  guilty  of  a  mean  action  or 
imi)rudent  deed."  Such  was  the  personality  set  before  the 
youth  of  Allegheny.  The  truest  education  includes  character 
as  fully  as  culture.  That  Dr.  Kuter  should  be  an  itineraur 
preacher  rather  than  a  college  i)resident,  that  he  should  stress 
religion  more  than  literature,  can  be  explained  by  the  master 
motive  of  his  life,  the  passion  for  evangelization. 

While  at  the  (leneral  (Conference  of  18:50,  Dr.  Kuier  had 
gone  before  the  Missionary  Society  to  urge  the  claims  of  the 
uew  republic  of  Texas  u])on  the  :Methodist  Church.     This  land 

[   107  ] 


HI8T0RY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

was  largely  occupied  not  by  heathen  people,  but  persons  from 
the  United  States,  who  had  been  reared  under  an  evangelical 
ministry  and  were  then  outside  of  any  religious  communion. 
The  I'resident  of  Allegheny  believed  so  intensely  in  the  need 
of  a  mission  in  the  Southwest  that  he  volunteered  to  go  him- 
self. At  this  time,  however,  such  a  visitation  was  deemed 
premature,  and  only  after  the  Texas  constitution  was  adopted 
in  April,  1837,  did  Bishop  Hedding  make  the  appointment  of 
Martin  Ktiter  to  the  superintendency  of  the  Texas  mission. 

The  second  I'resident  of  the  college  took  the  step  on  June 
21.  1837,  that  he  had  kept  in  view  from  the  beginning  of  his 
administration,  that  of  resigning  after  a  season.  The  Board  of 
Trustees  accepted  his  decision  with  reluctance.  It  felt  that  as 
few  changes  as  possible  should  be  made  while  the  college  was 
being  satisfactorily  managed.  But  now  it  dared  throw  no 
obstacle  in  the  way  of  the  devotion  and  self-sacrifice  of  the 
Apostle  to  Texas.  The  Board  appointed  Dr.  Enter  to  repre- 
sent it  at  the  July  session  of  the  Pittsburgh  Conference. 

He  rendered  an  account  of  his  stewardship  at  Allegheny  in 
the  CoxFERExcK  JoTRXAL  of  July  13.  1837: 

"It  is  now  four  years  since  the  Conference  entered  into  an  agree- 
ment with  the  Trustees  to  patronize  the  college  and  place  it,  as  far  as 
practicable,  in  successful  operation,  taking  measures  for  securing  funds 
with  a  view  to  its  permanent  prosperity.  The  result  of  this  agreement 
is  apparent  in  the  success  that  has  followed.  Perhaps  no  seminary  of 
learning  has  advanced  more  rapidly  than  this  has  since  that  time.  1 
disregarded  my  own  inclinations  in  183  3  and  accepted  the  appoint- 
ment as  its  head. 

1  have  done  the  utmost  in  my  power  to  secure  the  success  of  the 
institution,  keeping  in  view  the  entire  interests  of  all  its  departments 
and  the  welfare  of  the  students.  But  it  has  been  my  uniform  intention 
to  labor  in  a  different  sphere  of  usefulness,  whenever  I  could  retire 
from  the  college  without  any  injury  to  its  interests.  Believing  1  can 
now  do  this,  and  linding  a  door  opened  for  me  in  other  labors  probablv 
as  useful  to  the  church  as  any  1  could  undertake,  it  seems  expedient  that 
1  should  follow  the  leadings  of  Providence." 

The  contemporary  praise  of  the  work  done  by  Dr.  Ituter 
was  unstinled.  yet  all  recognized  the  financial  limitations  he 
ha<l  faced.  Because  of  his  ripe  exi)erience  as  an  educator,  i:is 
regime  has  been  ])otent  in  fixing  the  standards  wliich  guided 

[  108  ] 


IIISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

the  college  in  succeeding  administrations.  His  Pittsburgh 
brethren  testified,  "that  he  had  been  placed  in  the  responsible 
situation  of  presiding  over  the  destinies  of  Allegheny  at  a  time 
when  success  in  the  undertaking  was  doubtful,  but  through 
every  embarrassment  he  had  conducted  his  high  trust  with  dis- 
tinction and  resigned  his  post  only  when  the  persevering 
efforts  of  friends  were  required  to  render  permanent  success 
certain."  At  the  port  of  Mead  in  July  a  large  company  of 
citizens  and  students  gathered  to  bid  farewell  to  the  mis- 
sionary and  his  family.  Hymns  were  sung  and  prayers  offered, 
while  all  the  community  joined  in  a  fervent  wish  for  a  rich 
reward  to  this  man  of  (Jod  in  his  courageous  enterprise.  A 
fiat  boat  had  been  prepared  and  by  this  means,  similar  to  that 
of  the  coming  of  Timothy  Alden  in  1815,  Dr.  Ifuter  took  his 
wife,  children  and  i)ossessions  to  New  Albany,  Ind.  \^fle  was 
not  able  to  reach  his  field  of  labor  until  November,  but  by 
heroic  and  herculean  endeavors,  in  five  months  he  laid  the 
foundations  of  Methodism  in  Texas. 

He  traveled  thousands  of  miles  upon  horseback,  visited 
scores  of  settlements  and  organized  churches,  finally  com- 
pleting plans  for  a  college  to  be  named  later  Ruterville,  now 
continued  in  i^outhwestern  University.  But  the  zeal  of  this 
apostle  literally  devoured  him ;  the  needs  of  the  land  were  so 
urgent  that  he  poured  out  his  life  in  a  mighty  ministry  to 
bring  immediate  evangelization.  His  exposure  in  his  work 
resulted  in  his  death.  May  16,  1838.  The  news  of  Dr.  Ruter 
l)eing  stricken  at  his  post  of  duty  caused  profound  grief 
throughout  ^Methodism.  In  the  Boston  memorial  service  of  :he 
New  England  Conference,  he  was  honored  as  a  missionary 
hero,  along  with  Melville  Cox,  Avho  had  died  for  Africa,  and 
Bishop  Coke,  closing  his  career  on  the  voyage  to  Ceylon. 

Allegheny  College  joined  with  deep  feeling  in  the  general 
mourning.  A  student  committee  consisting  of  Jonathan 
Hamnett,  Gordon  Battelle  and  Moses  Crow — names  of  future 
distinction  among  the  alumni,  presented  resolutions  in  chapel, 
testifying  to  the  appreciation  of  the  permanent  work  wrought 
by  the  former  President  of  Allegheny.  At  the  student  request. 
President  Homer  J.  Clark  preached  a  memorial  sermon  on  July 

[  100  ] 


HISTORY   OF   ALLEGHENY   COLLEGE 


24  from  the  text  in  Isa.  02:1,  *'For  Jeru- 
salein's  sake  I  will  not  rest  until  the 
righteousness  thereof  go  forth  as  bright- 
ness.' The  address  closed  with  an  ai)peal, 
''Who  of  the  young  men  are  willing  to 
trea<l  in  the  footsteps  of  Kuter,  to  de- 
vote their  ardor  and  strength  to  the 
Christian  ministry?  Who  will  go  and 
supi)ly  his  i)la('e  in  the  missionary 
field?"  On  Dec.  :i,  IDOL  the  Methodists 
of  the  North  and  South  united  in  dedi- 
cating a  monument  at  Navasota,  Texas, 
to  his  memory,  replacing  the  earlier 
nuMiHirial.  The  simple  inscri])tion  it 
l»ears  reads:  "Kuter,  an  honore<l 
preacher,  author,  teacher  and  founder 
of  the  ^^'estern  Book  Concern  of  the  M. 
E.  Church." 

The  transition  to  a  new  administration  at  Allegheny  was 
made  instantly  and  smoothly.  Kev.  Homer  J.  Clark,  the  Vice- 
I'l-esident,  was  elected  by  the  Trustees  as  the  third  executive 
of  the  college  the  day  of  the  I'esignation  of  J)r.  Kuter.  Many 
of  the  duties  of  the  ottice  had  fallen  ui>on  him  previouslv  in  the 
absence  of  his  su]»erior.  Although  lie  had  come  to  Meadville 
when  but  thirty  years  of  age,  lie  (piii-kly  gained  general  esteem 
foi-  his  devotion  to  his  labors,  his  skillful  leadership  of  youth 
and  his  sound  judgment. 

The  zeal  of  the  ]>rofessor  for  education  had  attracted  atten- 
tion lately  because  of  a  notable  address  delivered  in  LSoG, 
which  was  put  in  jtamjddet  form  and  widely  circulated  in 
AN'estern  I'ennsylvania  and  its  borders.  He  sai<l.  "there  is  a 
two-foM  <Mid  of  education,  to  cultivate  the  natural  abilities 
and  to  direct  nioi-al  activities.  It  is  of  great  utility  lo  the 
chni-ch.  It  defends  the  chui'ch  against  the  attacks  of  infi- 
delity: it  als(»  makes  a  nn»i-e  effective  ministry.  The  notion 
that  ignorance  is  a  source  of  devotion  is  a  fallacy.  Tlu^  <-hurch 
is  n(»t  unfriendly  to  leai-ning,  for  education  is  secoml  only  to 
i-eligion  in  ]trom(»ting  the  welfare  of  men.     Hence  there  slunild 

f    110   1 


IIISTOKY  OF  ALLE(;iIi:XV   (T)LLEGE 

be  the  liearty  co-opci-atioii  of  llie  clmrcli.    I.et  it  i)i-ay  and  work 
for  tlie  advance  of  education." 

The  same  ad<lrcss  liad  a  srron<;-  ]dca  for  llie  education  of 
women,  a  ]»oli(y  not  to  be  adojMed  in  Allc^hcuy  for  manv 
years : 

"The  necessary  trainini;  of  the  future  mothers,  the  universal 
instructors  of  the  human  race,  is  nowhere  made  the  object  of  State 
policy.  It  is  now  hailed  as  an  omen  favorable  to  the  future  prosperity 
of  the  church  and  the  world,  that  female  education  is  beginning  to 
excite  more  general  attention.  The  prevailing  systems  are  defective; 
more  attention  should  be  given  to  intellectual  and  moral  cultivation 
and  less  to  puerile  accomplishments  calculated  for  display.  The  female 
mind  is  as  capable  of  improving  its  advantages  as  the  male.  There  i; 
no  sex  in  mind.  The  female  intellect  has  never  failed  to  vindicate 
itself  from  every  disparaging  imputation." 

The  Kev.  II.  .1.  Claris  was  well  trained  for  the  larjic  respon- 
sibilities now  placed  upon  him.  Hoi-n  in  Blount  Holly,  Xt.,  he 
had  removed  while  a  youth  to  Ohio.  Becoming-  a  Methodist,  he 
was  licensed  to  exhort  and  to  ])reacli  yet  in  his  ttn^'us.  For  one 
year  he  was  a  mend)er  on  trial  of  the  Ohio  ronference,  but  was 
discontinued  in  1825  to  go  to  colle<;e.  He  was  resolved  to  lay 
thorouj»h  foundations  for  his  career  as  a  minister.  His  father 
at  l*ortage,  now  ]5arberton,  gave  him  a  colt,  with  saddle,  bridle 
and  saddle-bags  and  live  dollars,  and  the  ambitious  student 
rode  aAvay  to  Athens  to  enter  the  Ohio  Fniversity.  The 
struggle  to  supi)ort  himself  for  the  four  years  was  successfully 
waged  and  young  Clark  was  graduated  with  honors  in  182!). 

His  record  in  scholarshi])  and  Christian  character  wow 
him  an  invitation  to  become  an  instructor  in  the  university. 
In  the  religious  life  of  the  students,  he  took  a  leading  pa.rt, 
especially  in  the  services  which  resulted  in  F.  11.  Ames,  after- 
wards Bishoj*,  and  Dr.  -1.  M.  Trimble  being  added  to  the 
church.  When  an  assistant  pastor  was  iu'e<l('d  in  the  critical 
situation  at  I'ittsburgh.  Bisho]>  McKendree  selected  the  man 
fresh  from  college  as  ])ecnliarly  ada]>ted.  The  nH)ve!iuMU  to 
the  Methodist  Frotestant  Church  had  enlisted  some  of  the 
strong  clergy  and  laity  of  the  older  denominations.  At  o\u-e 
H.  J.  Clark  canu'  to  fame  in  the  city  as  an  elo(|nent   divine. 

[    111    ] 


President  Homer  J.  Clark.  1837-47 


IIISTOKV   OF  ALLKdHENY   COLLE(}E 

Many  of  his  seniioiis  wen'  delivered  in  the  court  house  and 
were  said  to  liave  established  a  new  standard  of  excellence  in 
])reachin«>-. 

The  two  years'  connection  at  rniontown  with  Madison  Col- 
lege sui)i)lied  valuable  exj)erience  for  his  succeeding  educa- 
tional activities.  In  Ls:*,:',.  he  was  ai)pointed  i)astoi'  of  the 
Meadville  congregation.  His  alma  mater  gave  him  the  Master 
of  Arts  degree  in  IS."*.")  and  Transylvania  University  honored 
him  with  the  Doctorate  of  Divinity  in  ].s:{7.  The  president 
was  a  constant  reader  an<l  student.  He  was  a  nuin  of  meth- 
odical habits.  His  often  expressed  ambition  was  to  redeem 
the  time.  Close  association  with  Dr.  Martin  Kuter  likely 
accentuated  this  ])uri)ose.  He  endeavored  to  spend  each  day 
after  a  definite  plan.  His  diary  has  frequent  entries  of  ''Kules 
for  the  day." 

The  program  of  Dr.  I'ayson  was  adopted  for  a  season :  six 
hours  for  sleep,  Tuesday  a  day  of  fasting  and  prayer,  Scripture 
reading  and  prayer  each  morning  and  evening.  The  schedule 
of  President  Clark  was  to  rise  at  four  o'clock  in  winter  and  at 
five  in  summer,  retiring  at  nine  thirty.  Spiritual  exercises 
seem  seldom  to  have  been  neglected.  In  connection  Avith  his 
college  duties,  there  is  frequent  mention  of  hours  spent  upon 
conic  sections,  spherical  trigonometry,  natural  philosophy  and 
international  law.  The  last  action  of  the  day  was  to  review 
the  preceding  hours  and  record  the  successes  and  lapses  from 
his  high  ideals. 

Dr.  Clark  received  excellent  support  as  he  began  his  admin- 
istration. Professor  Matthew  Simpson  was  made  Vice-Presi- 
dent of  the  college.  William  ;M.  Burton  succeeded  to  the  chair 
of  mathematics  and  George  W.  Clarke,  '35,  became  the  pro- 
fessor of  Greek  and  Latin  languages.  The  first  printed  cata- 
logue, a  pamphlet  of  eighteen  i)ages,  was  now  issued.  The 
total  attendance  had  reached  one  hundred  and  forty-six,  with 
a  healthy  growth  in  the  college  classes.  The  prospect  was 
excellent  that  the  preparatory  de])artment  would  soon  be  much 
(mtnumbered.  Six  graduates  received  their  diplomas  in  Sep- 
tember, William  licynolds  of  ;^^eadville  being  one  of  the  class. 

The  Pittsburgh   and   lOrie  Conferences,  in  the  sessions  of 

[  li:^>  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

1837.  expressed  keen  approbation  of  the  conditions  in  Alle- 
gheny. It  was  declared  that  no  college  had  ever  been  made  to 
do  so  nnich  Avith  snch  limited  means.  The  annual  expenditures 
were  §2400.  From  tuition  there  Avas  received  $1400.  Almost 
half  the  student  body  was  using  scholarshii)s.  These  instru- 
ments had  been  largely  issued  simjdy  upon  subscrii)tion  of  the 
amount  of  the  face  of  the  note.  There  was  frequent  urging 
that  the  sums  pledged  be  collected.  The  yearly  deticit  of  $1000 
had  to  be  met  by  the  agents  named  by  the  Conferences  solicit- 
ing new  gifts.  A  sanguine  estimate  Avas  voiced  that  an  active 
campaign  Avould  yield  sufficient  funds  Avithin  three  years  to 
make  the  institution  self  sui)i)orting. 

The  Board  of  Trustees  presented  formal  resolutions  in 
August  that  the  Methodists  had  fulfilled  all  expectations  in 
raising  money  and  in  patronage  according  to  the  agreement 
of  1833.  But  this  action  must  be  vicAA'ed  in  the  light  of  the 
fact  that  tinancial  relations  between  the  Board  and  the  eccle- 
siastical bodies  had  not  yet  been  fully  adjusted  and  nu)re 
accurate  accountiug  on  the  part  of  the  Trustees  Avas  being 
asked  at  this  time.  The  ambitions  of  the  college  for  betcer 
equi[)ment  incited  to  a  Avider  tinancial  effort  than  for  endow- 
ment funds  alone.  Judge  Charles  Shaler,  of  Pittsburgh,  who 
had  addressed  the  literary  societies  at  Dr.  Clark's  first  com- 
mencement, made  an  ai)peal  in  the  public  prints  for  dormi- 
tories, a  commons  hall,  houses  for  the  professors  and  especially 
a  clmi)el. 

But  strong  hopes  noAV  arose  of  a  neAV  ajjpropriation  by 
the  State  and  a  petition  for  aid  Avas  ])repared  by  the  Board  in 
Novend»er.  The  report  of  Su])erintendent  T.  11.  Burrowes,  of 
the  common  schools  of  Pennsylvania  for  1837,  favored  Alle- 
gheny stoutly.  He  said,  "the  location  of  the  college  places  it 
among  the  most  important  in  the  State.  All  the  nortlnvestern 
])art  of  the  Commonwealth  <an  more  conveniently  send  to 
Allegheny  than  any  other  institution,  Avhich  renders  it  essen- 
tial that  it  shoubl  be  furnished  with  the  necessary  advantages. 
One  additional  professor  is  immediately  needed  and  the  library, 
extensive  and  valuable  as  it  is,  requires  the  ad<lition  of  a  few 

1    114   1 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

hundred  volnines  of  modern  and  recent  productions  to  brinj?  it 
in  line  witli  the  present  state  of  literature." 

Pennsylvania  was  striving  to  mature  its  educational  pro- 
gram. The  additional  school  law  of  183G  had  been  accepted  in 
an  increasing  nund^er  of  districts.  In  the  distribution  of 
United  States  surplus  of  18.37,  |2,867,000  was  allotted  to  the 
Keystone  State  and  a  portion  of  this  sum  was  made  avaihibie 
tor  education.  Mr.  Burrowes  was  an  able  champion  and  a 
worthy  executive  in  the  organization  of  popular  instruction. 
His  policy  for  primary,  secondary  and  higher  education  was 
sound  and  thorough.  In  his  statement  to  the  Senate  in  Feb. 
19,  1838,  he  declared: 

"We  are  an  ignorant  people,  but  we  know  our  deficiencies  and  are 
going  after  more  than  the  mere  rudiments  of  learning.  Our  ambition 
is  that  of  a  people  who  have  no  lower  orders  of  society.  There  must 
be  secondary  schools  formed  within  every  six  miles  of  each  other. 
Then  we  must  have  teachers'  institutes  or  practical  colleges,  for  the 
improvement  of  teachers  is  the  great  need  of  the  time. 

The  colleges  of  Pennsylvania,  after  struggling  for  years  against 
adverse  circumstances,  are  about  to  be  sustained  and  raised  by  the 
State  to  that  standing  which  their  own  merits  and  our  honor  require. 
It  is  the  height  of  injustice  now  for  the  sake  of  mere  temporary  con- 
siderations to  clog  them  with  what  does  not  properly  pertain  to  their 
design.  A  college  is  chartered  for  instruction  in  the  liberal  arts  and 
sciences.  All  who  enter  should  be  on  a  footing  of  equality,  and  have 
the  same  high  object  in  view.  If  some  of  the  students  are  only  candi- 
dates for  teaching,  they  will  be  discriminated  against  inevitably. 

Let  the  State  aid  the  colleges  unconditionally  and  not  exact  a  cer- 
tain amount  of  service,  which  is  without  their  proper  sphere.  If  to 
each  institution  with  four  professors  and  one  hundred  actual  attendance 
in  the  collegiate  department  one  thousand  dollars  a  year  is  given,  it  will 
require  eight  thousand,  for  there  are  eight  tolerably  strong  colleges. 
Let  there  be  a  further  fund  of  seven  thousand  to  be  distributed  to  those 
above  the  minimum  requirement,  in  proportion  to  their  excess.  The 
effect  will  be  most  happy.  Pennsylvania,  that  spends  annually  her 
millions  on  internal  improvements,  is  asked  for  a  small  fractional  part 
of  that  to  complete  her  system  of  education." 

This  exhortation  to  action  was  not  in  vain.  Other  favor- 
able influences  at  the  time  were  at  work.  The  superintendent's 
scheme  of  standardization  was  accepted  in  the  Act  of  April 
12,  1838,  and  the  beneficiaries  named  were  Dickinson,  Jeffer- 

[  115  ] 


HI8T0KY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

son.  Washington,  Allegheny,  Madison,  Marshall,  Lafayette  and 
Pennsylvania  Colleges,  each  of  which  was  to  receive  one  tliou- 
sand  dollars  annually  for  a  period  of  ten  years,  if  it  fnlfilled 
the  numerical  conditions. 

The  State  appropriation  wouhl  seem  to  promise  security 
for  the  immediate  fntnre  of  Allegheny,  since  the  yearly  deticit 
had  heen  running  one  thousand  dollars.  But  the  spirit  of  the 
third  President  showed  itself,  as  he  tried  to  employ  the  good 
fortune  of  the  college  as  a  basis  for  an  aggressive  advance 
financially.  On  May  16,  183S,  he  issued  an  appeal  to  the  Pitts- 
burgh and  Erie  Conferences  to  prepare  for  a  camijaign  to 
secure  an  adequate  endowment.  The  examples  were  cited  of 
the  eastern  conferences,  deciding  upon  -^100,000  for  Dickinson, 
and  the  Indiana  Methodists  working  for  a  similar  amount  for 
Asbury  College.  A  sum  of  this  size  constituted  the  permanent 
funds  of  Western  Reserve.  Dr.  Clark  said  he  would  aUirm  his 
brethren  if  he  should  state  that  the  success  of  Allegheny 
depended  upon  raising  SIOO.OOO. 

The  address  ended  in  a  call  for  at  least  s20,000.  as  a  third 
professorship  was  desirable.  The  friends  of  the  college  were 
exhorted  to  get  to  work,  for  the  State  had  divided  with  them 
the  burden  and  had  a  right  to  expect  them  to  complete  the 
raising  of  the  funds.  Moreover,  the  competition  of  other  insti- 
tutions compelled  a  better  equipment,  if  the  advantages  of  the 
l)ast  were  to  be  retained.  The  panic  of  1837  had  brought  a 
situation  not  favorable  to  money  raising.  Yet  the  progress 
toward  better  things  had  been  modest  and  withal  so  stea<ly, 
that  the  ])atrons  were  not  aroused  by  President  Clark  in  this 
year  to  any  heroic  endeavor. 

The  two  sujqtorting  Methodist  bodies  took  ])eculiar  pride 
in  their  ollicial  utterances  over  tlie  review  of  their  stewardship 
<»f  five  years.  A  debt  of  nearly  five  thousand  dollars  had  been 
assumed  in  is:>;>  and  of  a  like  amount  nwded  to  furnish  Bentley 
Hall  and  make  repairs.  Tlie  tiiii'ty-two  hundred  dollai's.  which 
liad  been  v<»t<'d  in  1S;'>1  by  the  P(>ard  to  pay  Timothy  Alden  at 
some  indefinite  time,  without  interest,  was  c(mimuted  1)V 
iiintnal  agreement  into  two  thousand  <h»llars  to  be  discharged 
in  five  yearly  payments.     The  management  couhl  justly  rejoice 

r  110  1 


IlISTOKV   OF  ALLK(JHKXV   COLLlOdK 

tlijit  the  obli^jitioiis  of  the  collejiv  were  in  ls;5S  reduced  to  le:-s 
tliaii  one  tliousjuHl  (lollars.  The  rittsl)iii-<j:li  ConfcrtMice  had 
(•oll(H-t(Ml  in  net  cash  s4l(;o.  tlu*  I^i-ic  ConfcnMicc  a  U^sscr  snni. 
Suhs<'ri])tions  yet  to  he  paid  were  n'si>ectiv(dy  five  and  ten 
thousand  dollars. 

Sixty  foolscaj*  ]»a^vs  of  statistics  rcveale<l  the  careful  ;)<•- 
countiufjj  system  of  the  Trustees.  The  bahince  sheet  recorded 
total  receii>ts  of  .^L'-S.-SSfl  from  all  sources  in  the  five  years.  Tlie 
main  items  of  ex]>ense  were:  salaries  .SS704.  aj»ents'  salaries 
i^l\><{n,  labor  and  lumber  s:577:t.  debt  of  David  Dick  .$2111,  furni- 
ture SIK;:!,  debt  of  Kev.  Timothy  Alden  >fl44L\  debt  of  K'ev. 
David  McKinney  of  1S2!».  .$22(1. 

Tlie  JMttsburjih  Conference  Committee  on  Kducaiion  ob- 
served that  colleges  without  endowment  can  be  sustained  only 
by  high  tuitiou  and  large  enrollment.  If  Allegheny  doubled  its 
rate  of  charges,  it  would  exclu<le  the  poor  students.  Therefore, 
the  remedy  was  to  double  the  attendance.  Three  hints  were 
spoken  to  the  preachers:  help  the  college  fun<ls,  get  students 
and  pray.  The  collegiate  dei»artment  in  ls:>S  aggi-egated  more 
than  one  hundred,  the  first  time  in  Allegheny's  histoi-y,  and 
thus  the  conditions  were  met  for  receiving  the  State  aid 

In  the  matter  of  the  curi-iculum  the  friends  of  Aliegheny 
declared  their  purpose  to  have  the  course  of  instruction  as 
extensive  as  in  any  western  institution.  Letters  and  science 
were  a<le(piately  included  in  the  original  jdan  of  the  college. 
Just  as  Dr.  Coates  ludd  the  chair  of  natural  ])hiloso]»hy  an<l 
chemistry  in  the  Alden  i)eriod,  also  it  was  the  desire  of  the 
Clark  regime  to  lay  especial  sti'ess  u|)on  science.  The  start  had 
been  made  uuder  the  guidance  of  Matthew  Sim])son.  He  has 
recorded  that  when  he  entered  u\nn\  his  duties  in  May.  1S:>7, 
he  had  the  use  of  a  "Imndsonu'  a]»paratus". 

.Iosei)h  Tingley,  who  was  a  stu<hMit  at  Meadville  in  1840, 
wrote:  "I  was  shown  the  large  electrical  machine  which  he 
had  reconstructed  and  used  in  his  teaching.  IM-ofessor  Simji- 
son  ha<l  fouud  much  of  the  laboratory  ecjuipment  in  bad  con- 
dition, but  he  re])aired  and  sui)]>lemented  it  so  ettectively  as  to 
gain  the  reputation  of  being  a  i-emarkably  ingenious  scientist." 

r  117  1 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

Among  the  other  duties  of  this  instructor  in  chemistry  was  the 
conducting-  of  classes  in  navigation  and  surveying. 

An  extraordinary  demand  had  arisen  for  civil  engineers  be- 
cause of  the  extensive  construction  of  public  works  in  Pennsyl- 
vania and  elsewhere.  To  assist  in  meeting  this  need,  Allegheny 
created  the  professorship  of  civil  engineering  and  called  to  it, 
April  12,  1S38,  K.  T.  P.  Allen,  a  West  Pointer.  He  was  em- 
ployed by  the  United  States  Government  as  superintendent  of 
the  harbor  improvements  at  Erie  and  could  not  be  released  for 
a  year.  But  his  coming  was  widely  heralded  and  young  men 
had  the  attractive  prospect  of  entering  into  lucrative  posi- 
tions after  a  period  of  two  years'  training,  preceded  by  the 
mathematical  course. 

Field  practice  was  given  from  May  to  September.  The 
necessary  equipment  in  instruments  was  secured  by  the  college 
and  the  course  was  pursued  with  thoroughness  and  enthusiasm. 
Extra  fees  were  charged  in  the  department  and  appropriated 
to  the  instruction.  The  attendance  grew  until  the  salary  of 
the  professor  reached  one  thousand  dollars.  He  was  not  only 
an  able  teacher  but  a  man  of  much  influence  outside  of  the 
class  room.  He  had  been  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Methodist 
Church  before  he  came  to  Meadville,  and  in  1841  he  was  ad- 
mitted on  trial  in  the  Erie  Conference. 

A  scientific  course  of  study  was  adopted  Feb.  24.  1840.  and 
the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Science  created.  The  philosophy  of 
education  at  Allegheny  was  thus  expressed  : 

"In  conducting  the  youthful  mind  over  the  tield  of  science,  it  is 
desitji.ed  to  bring  all  the  faculties  into  exercise  in  the  natural  order  of 
their  development  and  to  preserve  that  proportion  between  the  culture 
of  each,  which  will  produce  a  proper  symmetry  and  balance  of  char- 
acter. The  object  of  the  collegiate  instruction  is  not  to  complete 
either  a  practical  or  professional  education,  its  aim  is  by  discipline  and 
cultivation  to  bring  out  every  power  of  mind  in  its  fullest  and  fairest 
proportions.  Such  an  education  is  the  best  preparation  for  studying  any 
of  the  learned  professions  or  entering  the  higher  departments  of  busi- 
ness." 

Another  scholastic  a<lvance  in  the  administration  of  Dr. 
Chirk  was  tjie  seh'ction  of  native  teachei's  for  the  modern 
languages.     Ciiarh's  H.  Docring  took  charge  of  the  Fi'ench  and 

[   ll-^   ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLE(;iIEXY  rOLLKCJH 
Geriiiaii  in  18:i8.  He  wiis  siicceiMled  in  1S4L*  by  1*.  A.  (Jollier. 
The  I'resideiit  of  the  collcj^e  also  became  interested  in  tlie 
Meadville  Female  Seminary,  and  for  a  Avliile  Mrs.  (Mark  acted 
as  the  '^governess".  The  school  was  housed  in  the  well-known 
Torbett's  Hotel,  on  French  Creek,  at  the  corner  of  Chestnut 
and  Water  Streets. 

The  year  of  1830  held  the  record  for  attendance  in  the  colle- 
giate department  during  several  deca<les.  Of  the  enrollment  of 
one  hundred  and  thirty-nine,  there  were  seventy-seven  Fresh- 
men. In  the  gradimting  class  of  ten  members  was  Jonathan 
Ilamnett,  who  had  come  from  Pittsburgh  on  foot  to  enter  col- 
lege in  I80O,  catching  his  lirst  glimpse  of  Bent  ley  from  Ken- 
nedy Hill  across  the  valley.  His  classmate  was  F.  H.  I'ier- 
])ont,  later  the  first  governor  of  West  Virginia.  A  member  of 
the  Soi)homore  Class  was  (Jalvin  Kingsley,  already  a  leader 
among  his  fellows,  supporting  himself  by  working  in  Bentley 
and  cutting  wood  in  adjacent  forests. 

l*resident  Clark,  in  a  report  to  the  State,  spoke  thus  of  the 
relations  of  instructors  and  students:  "The  intercourse  is 
more  frequent  than  it  can  possibly  be  when  the  number  en- 
rolled is  triple  what  ours  is.  The  student  is  met  at  the 
threshold  of  his  college  life  by  those  who  welcome  him  to  it  and 
promise  to  do  all  in  their  power  to  make  his  ju-ogress  pleasant 
and  sure.  He  is  a  welcome  guest  at  our  firesides  and  the  rela- 
tion in  which  we  hold  him  is  that  not  of  a  gentleman  alone,  but 
also  a  friend.  We  endeavor  to  evince  to  him  how  deeply  we 
sympathize  in  all  that  relates  to  his  ])resent  and  future  well- 
being. 

"Such  discipline  might  to  some  appear  to  be  characterized 
by  ind)ecility  and  fitted  rather  for  the  guidance  of  the  virtuous 
than  the  correction  of  the  vicious.  We  trust  this  institution 
will  never  be  regarded  even  by  its  enemies,  if  any  there  are, 
as  a  house  of  refuge  for  the  incorrigible.  If  we  know  of  any 
student  of  this  sort,  we  do  not  vainly  attemi)t  to  reform,  but 
exclude  him  at  once  from  the  college.  To  act  virtuously,  there 
must  be  freedom  of  action.  Truth  and  duty  are  ]»ursued  for 
their  own  sake  and  in  obedience  to  a  law  more  obligatory  in  its 

[    111)   ] 


HISTORY   OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

saiicTioiis  than  tliat  we  prescribe.  The  existence  of  the  college 
in  the  town  is  looked  upon  kindly  and  the  students  received 
into  society  freely.  The  relations  between  them  and  the  citi- 
zens generally  are  amicable  and  the  college  intimacy  often 
ripens  into  friendship." 

With  all  the  internal  harmony  and  prosperity,  the  financial 
clouds  had  not  been  dissipated.  The  expenditures  were  in- 
creasing with  the  mounting  nundiers  in  the  classes  and  the 
larger  Faculty.  The  ecpiipment  of  the  engineering  dejuirtment 
had  entailed  an  outlay  of  several  hun<lred  dollars.  This  year 
in  the  history  of  Methodism  seemed  o]»portune  to  liuinch  a 
renewed  and  enlarge<l  effort  to  create  an  endowment  for  Alle- 
gheny College. 

It  was  the  centenary  of  the  formation  of  classes  by  John 
>Vesley  in  London,  and  the  connection  in  Europe  and  .Vmerica 
decided  to  celebrate  the  anniversary  by  making  large  donations 
to  various  benevolent  objects.  The  I'ittsburgh  and  Erie  Con- 
ferences voted  to  approjtriate  one-half  of  the  collections  in  all 
tlie  churches  to  "liberal  education",  while  the  other  half  went 
to  missions  and  the  superannnate<l  preachers.  Bishop  Soule, 
] (residing  in  each  Conference,  showed  much  enthusiasm  for  the 
]»roject.  Tlie  endowment  of  two  new  chairs  Avas  planne<l,  to  be 
called  the  Centenary  Frofessorshi])  of  Mathematics  and  the 
Soule  Frofessorshij)  of  Moral  and  Intellectual  Sciences. 

The  Bishoi*  agreed  to  be  one  of  one  hundred  persons  to  give 
two  hundred  d<(llars  each,  the  first  hundred  i>ayable  when  the 
list  of  subscribers  was  comjdeted.  At  Ihe  Erie  Conference, 
Fresident  Clark  and  Frofessor  Allen  each  took  a  share,  but  the 
remaining  snbsci-ijttions  were  mnch  lower  in  ]>roj)()rtion.  At 
first  eacli  conference  area  was  ex]>ecte<l  to  yield  Iwenty  thou- 
sand dollars  in  pledges  to  Allegheny.  The  ])rogram  had  been 
to  hold  e<ln<jitional  meetings  at  many  centers.  Notable 
amonnts  were  snbscribed  in  a  few  places,  slOOO  at  Fntler  ami 
•"<1.'UM>  at  .M<'adville.  lint  soon  a  single  ]»rofessorshi]»  was  tlie 
goal,  the  Sonle  chair,  and  tinally  in  a  great  nnnd)er  of  churches 
no  collections  at  all  wei-e  taken. 

In    the   riltsbni-gh   repctrl   of   1S4(>,   thei-e  was  given   to  tlie 


IIISTOJa'   OF  ALI>E(JIIENV   COLLECJK 

Soiilc  ])i*()j(H-1  only  *220().  Further  <lis(*()nrap,viiuM!t  arose 
tlirouj^li  the  i-uinor  that  th<'  J'eiiiisylvaiiia  Le<;ishiture  was 
hostile  in  l.S4()  to  higher  e<ln(atioii  and  threatened  to  cut  ott' 
the  annual  a]»]>ro]M-iation  to  the  colleges.  Coniniissioners  were 
sent  to  the  Michigan  and  North  Ohio  Annual  Conferences 
asking  patronage  and  aid. 

The  deticit  was  inceasing  yeai-ly  and  had  reached  two 
thousand  dollars.  The  debt  to  the  heirs  of  Timothy  Alden  had 
been  re<luced,  but  not  entirely  discharged.  Kejiairs  were 
needed,  the  ]>reparat<U'v  de]»artnuMit  <-alled  for  more  teachers, 
and  the  Methodist  Conference  committee  even  asked  for  the 
erecti<ni  of  a  building,  one  hundred  by  sixty  feet,  to  rost  five 
thousand  dollars  at  least.  The  ba<l  currency  of  the  i>eriod 
adde<l  to  the  depression.  A  considei*able  hostility  to  the  college 
had  develojied  iu  sonu^  sections. 

A  notion  gained  currency  that  large  amounts  had  been 
collected  for  Allegheny,  whereas  of  the  sums  ]>ledged  the 
greater  ]»ortiou  was  unpaid.  There  were  frecjuent  changes  iu 
the  tinaucial  agents,  and  the  practice  begau  of  asking  the  pre- 
siding elders  to  urge  the  collection  of  notes  an<l  the  taking  of 
subscriptions  by  the  ]>reachers  under  their  supervision.  The 
Board  of  Tj-ustees  at  Meadville  ]»ut  the  responsibility  for 
ju'ompt  aid  upon  the  ])atronizing  fi-iends,  waruing  that  if  the 
doors  of  the  college  closed,  there  was  grave  fear  that  it  would 
be  forever.  The  second  year  after  the  centenary  of  Methodism 
also  produced  altogether  inadecjuate  donations. 

The  educational  committee  of  the  Tittsburgh  Conference 
uiade  a  stirring  ajtjx'al  in  August,  1S41.     It  said  : 

"It  is  humiliating  that  when  the  internal  prosperity  is  so  cheering 
and  facilities  exist  for  lasting  usefulness,  there  is  yet  so  crying  a  need 
of  pecuniary  relief.  This  is  not  due  to  a  lack  of  means  in  the  members 
of  the  church.  If  it  were,  then  the  beloved  Allegheny  would  be  handed 
over  to  the  company  of  the  cherished  Madison  College.  We  need  a 
plan.  Something  must  be  done  speedily.  Do  we  want  the  reproach  of 
a  second  failure  in  education?  Something  more  is  needed  than  fair 
speeches  and  approving  resolutions.  Let  a  shilling  be  raised  from  every 
meniber  on   a   charge." 

A  sti-ong  friend  of  the  c(dlege  in  these  times  of  need  was 

[    1:^1    ] 


Hlt-^TOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

Ke\ .  Zerali  H.  Coston,  who  had  been  foremost  in  the  early  nego- 
tiations for  Methodist  patronage.  He  was  energetic,  resource- 
ful, tactful  and  affable.  He  gave  the  bell  to  Allegheny,  which, 
after  a  return  to  Pittsburgh  and  a  recasting,  rendered  faithful 
service  in  the  tower  of  Bentley.  When  the  engineering  instru- 
ments were  levied  tii:»on  for  debt,  this  good  Trustee  redeemed 
the  college  property  and  restored  it  with  his  compliments.  He 
was  the  skillful  advocate  of  the  Institution,  when  some  of  his 
brethren  had  lost  their  original  ardor  for  the  promotion  of 
learning  at  Meadville.  His  appeals  and  argument  held  many 
to  the  support  of  Allegheny  and  the  fulfillment  of  their  pledges. 
The  record  of  care,  labor  and  patience  places  Rev.  Zerah  Coston 
as  one  of  the  truest  benefactors  of  the  college. 

Meanwhile,  there  had  come  changes  in  the  Faculty. 
-Matthew  t^impson  resigned  as  vice-president  and  pi-ofessor, 
March  20,  IS'M).  His  health  had  been  poor  and  Asbury  Uni- 
\  ersity,  a  new  foundation  in  Indiana,  had  been  trying  to  secure 
him  as  its  scientist.  When  the  presidency  was  offered,  it  was 
accepted.  His  departure  brought  deep  regret,  for  his  influence 
was  most  pronounced  in  the  college  and  in  the  religious  life  of 
the  community  and  the  county.  He  was  miu'li  attached  to  his 
associates  in  the  Faculty  and  to  the  students  as  well.  He  often 
said  that  only  the  clinuite  sent  him  to  another  field.  .Vs  much 
as  the  future  eloquent  Bisliop  gave  to  Allegheny,  in  all  ])roba- 
bility  Allegheny  did  much  more  for  him. 

William  M.  Burton,  who  had  been  five  years  on  the  Faculty, 
resigned  Sept.  12,  1830,  and  went  later  into  the  active  minis- 
try. Upon  the  nomination  of  the  IMttsburgh  Conference,  the 
Trustt^s  invited  Rev.  William  M.  Bangs,  of  the  New  York  Con- 
fiM-ence,  to  become  professor  of  natural  science,  but  tJie  offer 
was  (U'clined  because  of  ill  health.  Burton  had  transferred 
frctm  the  cliair  of  anci<Mi1  languages  to  that  of  mathematics,  R. 
T.  P.  Allen  after  his  coming  to  the  college  sei-ving  also  as  ad- 
junct i>i"ofessoi'  of  matliematics. 

The  calab)gn('  of  ls;>!>  stated  that  it  was  e.\|>ecte<l  the 
vacancy  in  the  vice  jtresidcncy  ami  the  jirofessorshij)  ot'  natural 
science  and  ch<'misti'v  would  be  immediately  filled  by  a  very 

[    1-*-'   ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLECJIIEXY  COLLEGP: 

nrcoptable  and  effici(Mit  man.  The  one  wlio  came  to  this  office 
was  not  the  first  clioice  nor  <li<l  liis  election  occur  until  March 
25.  1840,  but  in  Professor  John  Barker,  of  the  Genesee  Wes- 
levan,  at  Lima,  N.  Y.,  Allej^heny  gained  as  a  member  of  its 
Faculty  a  personality  so  rare  and  an  educator  so  ideal  that 
the  fame  of  his  gracious  services  is  fixed  as  long  as  the  college 
endures. 

The  graduating  class  of  this  year  nund>ered  fifteen  and  the 
valedictory-,  spoken  by  Gordon  Battelle,  was  pronounced  the 
ablest  student  address  of  many  years.  Seven  other  members 
gave  a  colloqu}-,  entitled  ''The  Encyclopedia  of  Humbuggery", 
and  written  by  ])arwin  A.  Finney  of  the  class.  Moses  Crow, 
later  a  noted  Methodist  preacher,  also  received  his  <lip1oma. 
Among  his  comrades  he  was  known  by  the  Greek  title.  "Adel- 
])hos  Korax".  Henry  Baldwin,  U.  S.  Justice,  gave  an  address 
before  the  literary  societies  and  the  honorary  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Laws  was  conferred  by  the  college  upon  Daniel  Webster  of 
Massachusetts. 

Rush  R.  Shii)pen,  '44,  has  given  an  intimate  view  of  the 
Bentley  Hall  of  that  day  during  term  time:  '*Jts  wings  were 
used  as  dormitories.  Its  four  recitation  rooms  on  the  first  floor 
were  used  by  the  four  chief  professors.  A  small  steamboat  bell 
hanging  in  the  entry  tapped  the  three-quarter  hours  of  recita- 
tion, seven  each  day,  save  Saturday,  from  8 :30  to  2.  The  sec- 
ond floor  was  the  chapel  for  daily  morning  roll-call  and  prayers, 
and  Saturday  exercises  of  composition  and  declamation;  also 
it  held  the  college  library.  The  Allegheny  and  Philo- Franklin 
literary  societies  occupied  the  two  long  rooms  of  the  third 
floor." 

The  repudiation  by  Pennsylvania  of  its  obligation  to  higher 
education  brought  the  long-impending  day  of  crisis  to  Alle- 
gheny College.  The  State  had  never  fostered  its  colleges  with 
any  degree  of  enthusiasm  or  sort  of  system.  Dr.  Benjamin 
Rush,  in  178G,  submitted  a  plan  to  the  Legislature  for  the  sup- 
port of  a  university  and  four  colleges,  urging  the  smaller  insti- 
tutions as  more  favorable  to  morals.  He  advocated  the  co- 
0]ieration  of  the  colleges  and  the  common  schools.    Legislative 

[   323  ] 


HISTORY   OF  ALLEGHENY   COLLi:OE 

actts  for  years  associated  grants  to  academies  and  colleges.  A 
favorable  vote  depended  largely  upon  wire  pulling  j'.nd  the 
l)itting  of  the  interest  of  one  section  against  another. 

It  was  a  sharply  differentiated  constituency  to  which  appeal 
was  made  with  its  Quaker,  Lutheran.  Moravian,  "I*ennsylvania 
Dutch''  and  Scotch  Irish  elements.  By  IS-SO,  there  had  been 
[)assed  one  hundred  and  thirty-three  si)ecial  acts.  In  the  fol- 
lowing decade  the  number  of  colleges  incorporated  almost 
doubled,  while  the  appropriations  to  academies  brought  new 
foundations  everywhere.  The  Senate  Committee  on  Education 
stated  that  up  to  1887  half  a  million  dollars  had  been  given  to 
colleges  and  academies.  Kev.  (lilbert  Morgan,  the  retiring 
president  of  Western  University,  in  a  pamphlet  much  approved 
at  this  time,  voiced  a  protest  against  the  multiplication  of  col- 
leges and  demanded  a  State  Board  to  determine  the  need  and 
location  of  higher  institutions. 

However,  when  the  tight  for  a  common  school  system  in 
Pennsylvania  had  been  won  in  the  Acts  of  1S:U  and  1S:>G,  the 
colleges  had  profited  by  the  liberal  ]iublic  attitude.  Superin- 
tendent Burrowes  had  also  been  their  advocate,  but  he  was 
soon  displaced  by  an  official  who  lacked  his  sympathetic  inter- 
est in  education.  While  the  law  of  18.')S  re<piire(l  a  minimum 
enrollment,  the  yearly  grant  was  ]»ai<l  in  instances  where  the 
conditions  were  not  met.  The  earlier  notion  that  the  colU'ges 
were  to  assist  in  ])reparing  teachers  directly  for  the  common 
schools  was  now  less  generally  held.  Hence,  when  the  second 
i-eaction  against  ])ubli('  education  occurred,  the  first  in  18."i~) 
being  checked  by  Tliad<leus  Stevens  notably,  the  brunt  of  the 
assault  fell  on  the  higher  and  secondary  institutions. 

A  series  of  jtetitions  in  1842  systematically  came  into  Ilai'- 
rislinrg.  mainly  from  the  eastern  part  (►f  the  State,  ]>i'aying  the 
repeal  of  the  fourtli  section  of  the  Act  of  Ajiril  12,  18:>8.  and 
the  change  (►f  the  appi'opriat ions  from  the  colleges  to  (he  com- 
mon school  fund.  The  bald  plea  for  the  rep<'al  was  that  many 
communities  which  paid  the  taxes  received  no  beiudit  from  the 
<<)lleges  or  academies.  The  attack  failed.  b\it  was  r<'newed 
with  the  result  that  the  ai>propriat ion  by  the  Act  of  Sept.  2!). 

[    l-'-i    1 


PIISTOKV  OF  ALLE(}HENY  COLLEGE 

1S4;),  was  cut  in  half  and  totally  discontimied  in  1844.  Tlu' 
superintendent  of  ])ul)lie  instniction  had  mildly  submitted  in 
his  report  of  -Jan.  7,  1844  a  statement  as  to  "whether  justice, 
no  less  than  the  interest  of  education,  does  not  recpiire  the 
continuance  of  the  public  bounty  durin<»;  the  whole  ten-year 
period  of  the  Act". 

The  latent  hostility  of  years  could  not  be  withstood.  I*os- 
sibly  the  almost  quarter  of  a  million  i)aid  out  in  six  years  had 
not  been  wisely  expended  in  many  instances.  The  experience 
with  the  academies  was  by  no  means  satisfactory.  Allegheny 
had  now  its  last  dollar  from  the  Commonwealth.  In  the 
twentj'-seven  years  it  had  received  twenty-four  thousand  dol- 
lars, a  small  sum  compared  with  modern  educational  appro- 
priations. And  after  what  infinite  anxiety,  effort  and  waiting 
had  these  public  donations  come  into  the  college  treasury! 

The  Methodist  patrons,  as  this  financial  crisis  approached, 
made  no  better  record  in  raising  monies.  The  president  warned 
that  the  deficit  steadily  grew,  bordering  on  five  thousand 
dollars.  The  receipts  from  the  various  appeals  had  not  met 
current  expenses.  A  scathing  arraignment  appeared  in  a 
PrrTSHTRGH  Advocate  editorial,  showing  that  in  twelve  years 
in  the  two  conferences  not  as  much  ready  cash  had  been  raised 
from  the  people  for  education  as  the  collection  of  the  past 
years  for  missions  in  one  conference. 

The  embarrassment  of  the  college  reacted  inevitably  upon 
the  student  body  an<l  the  corps  of  instructors.  There  were 
envious  ones  who  spread  the  rumor  that  the  institution  was 
going  down.  In  the  hour  of  trial,  the  public  mind  was  preju 
diced  against  a  i)ossibly  losing  proposition.  Professor  1{.  T.  1\ 
Allen  accepted  a  call  to  Transylvania  University  to  assist 
Henry  Bascom  in  reorganizing  the  Kentucky  school.  But  the 
l)opular  Calvin  Kingsley,  '41,  the  assistant  instructor,  was 
made  his  successor  in  mathematics  and  civil  engineering. 

The  apathy  towards  the  foundation  at  Meadville  developed 
into  open  hostility.  A  i)lan  was  sounded  by  a  few  to  start  a 
college  on  the  Ohio  within  the  bounds  of  the  Pittsburgh  Con- 
ference.    The  sui)port  of  Allegheny  by  the  Erie  Conference  was 

[   l-^'>  ] 


HI8T0KY  OF  ALLEGHE^'Y  COLLEGE 

thought  by  some  to  liave  been  rather  slack.  Charles  Cooke,  the 
church  editor,  called  loudly  for  unity  in  support  of  the  college 
by  the  two  bodies,  which  in  their  sessions  of  1842  voted  to 
follow  the  previous  program  of  trying  to  collect  a  shilling  from 
each  member  and  sell  scholarships  on  credit.  The  next  spring, 
however,  brought  a  plan  evolved  by  Dr.  Homer  J.  Clark  to  meet 
the  emergency  of  the  times. 

The  Perpetual  Scholarship  plan,  with  which  the  name  of 
the  third  president  of  Allegheny  is  inseparably  linked.  i>ro- 
posed  to  offer  for  sale,  broadcast,  at  twenty-five  dollars,  to  the 
purchaser,  his  heirs  and  assigns,  a  certificate  of  schohirship  in 
Allegheny  or  some  other  college  under  the  patronage  of  the 
Pittsburgh  or  the  Erie  Conferences.  The  aim  was  to  dispose  of 
these  instruments  to  the  amount  of  one  hundred  thousand  dol- 
lars; that  is.  to  four  thousand  possible  buyers.  The  subscrip- 
tions were  not  to  be  binding  until  sixty  thousand  dollars  worth 
had  been  placed. 

The  receipt  was  to  read  as  follows :  •'Tt  is  hereby  'ertified 
that  John  Doe  has  paid  to  the  Centenary  Fund  Society  of  th(> 
Pittsburgh  Annual  Conference  twenty-five  dollars,  in  accord- 
ance witli  a  plan  adopted  by  the  Pittsburgh  and  Erie  Confer- 
ences of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  for  the  endowment 
of  Allegheny  College.''  The  funds,  when  collected,  were  to  be 
administered  and  owned  by  two  corjiorations,  known  as  the 
Centenary  Boards. 

These  special  committees  had  been  projected  in  IS:)!),  but 
not  for  seven  years  did  they  have  monies  to  hold.  Fiom  the 
interest  accruing,  the  salaries  of  the  Faculty  in  part  were 
paid.  In  return  for  this  support,  the  Conferences,  by  tlie 
agreement  of  ]8:j;>.  could  make  nominations  for  vacancies 
among  the  Trustees  and  jtrofessors.  This  privilege  was  exer- 
cised in  the  annual  sessions  until  1857,  when  the  .Joint  Board 
of  Control  was  devised.  The  sums  raised  by  the  Per]>etual 
Scholarship  sales  were  the  i)roperty  of  the  Centenary  societies 
and  not  of  the  college. 

President  riark  conferred  with  several  men  of  influence  be- 

[  12G  ] 


niSTOKV   OF   ALLEGHENY   COLLE<}E 

fore  tho  tentative  project  was  given  i)ublieity  in  Mari  li.  An 
editorial  in  the  Advocati:  called  attention  to  his  communica- 
tion, advising  its  readers  not  to  get  frightened  because  it  was 
about  the  college.  The  implication  of  the  need  of  such  counsel 
raised  the  righteous  indignation  of  Allegheny's  executive.  In 
the  spirite<l  defense  of  his  trust,  this  mild-mannered  man 
thundered  like  a  prophet  of  old  against  the  weak-kueed  and 
lukewarm  in  Zion.    He  said  : 

"Is  it  true  that  such  caution  is  known  to  be  needed  for  the  two 
conferences?  If  so,  it  is  an  alarming  state  of  affairs.  It  cannot  refer 
to  the  preachers,  who  have  solemnly  pledged  themselves  to  the  original 
Trustees  to  sustain  the  college  by  procuring  for  it  the  necessary  pecu- 
niary support  and  have  publicly  renewed  their  pledge  every  year.  To 
be  obliged  to  entertain  a  different  opinion  of  any  Methodist  preacher,  to 
believe  any  son  of  the  learned  Wesley,  the  moral  light  of  a  community, 
to  be  opposed  to  literary  institutions  of  any  class  would  be  truly 
humiliating. 

Then  this  implied  knowledge  must  be  confined  to  the  laity.  Are 
our  lay  brethren  likely  to  be  frightened  by  reading  something  on  Alle- 
gheny? Are  they  so  far  behind  the  intelligence  of  the  country  generally 
as  to  be  incapable  of  appreciating  the  utility  of  such  an  institution? 
Have  our  people  alone  to  learn  that  a  universal  system  of  education  is 
alike  essential  to  the  welfare  of  church  and  state?  Have  they  yet  to 
be  taught  that  the  humblest  individual  is  benefited  not  merely  by  the 
knowledge  which  he  himself  possesses,  but  by  the  whole  amount  of 
knowledge  in  the  country,  nay,  in  the  world? 

If  they  are  alarmed  for  their  pockets,  is  this  the  only  benevolent 
object  to  invoke  money  sacrifices?  The  teacher  is  about  his  proper 
work  as  much  as  the  preacher  and  should  be  sustained  by  the  liberality 
and  sympathies  of  the  whole  church.  Why  is  it  he  becomes  an  object 
of  cold  indifference,  not  to  say  positive  repulsion,  left  to  toil  on  in  the 
arduous  duties  of  a  thankless  office  without  support?  Are  these  the 
sentiments  of  any  considerable  portion  of  clergy  or  laity? 

If  so,  public  feeling  among  us  must  undergo  radical  change,  or  in 
thus  putting  ourselves  forward  as  active  patrons  of  learning,  we  are 
convicted  of  'having  run  before  we  were  sent'.  If  in  spite  of  the  efforts 
of  a  few  intelligent  men,  the  true  feeling  of  the  mass  is  different,  these 
institutions  must  fail.  We  may  then  prepare  ourselves  to  see  every- 
where lifted  the  finger  of  scorn  and  hear  vented  the  gratified  feelings  of 
spleen,  'this  man  began  to  build  and  was  not  able  to  finish'.  Has  the 
.Methodist  Church  spirit  to  avoid  thus?  Truth  and  candor,  brethren, 
oblige  me  to  say,  'we  hope  better  things,  though  we  thus  spoke'.  " 

[  127  ] 


HISTOKV  OF  ALLK(}HEXY   COLLEGE 

The  plan  of  the  schohirships  had  been  at  the  tir«t  regarded 
as  Utopian  and  ini})racticable.  The  price  of  tlie  certificate  was 
absurdly  low.  Tuition  for  a  single  year  in  Allegheny  had  been 
twenty  dollars.  I'erpetual  scholarships  had  been  offered  at 
three  hundred ;  in  many  institutions  they  were  five  iiundred. 
The  proposition  smacked  decidedly  of  the  bargain  counter.  In 
fact,  it  was  openly  advocated  as  a  tremendous  literary  bargain. 
But  the  very  audacity  of  it  began  to  win  support  for  giving  it 
a  trial. 

The  president  championed  it  incessantly.  He  argued  that 
students  went  where  the  tuition  was  lowest.  He  knew  of  one 
hundred  Methodists  in  a  college  under  a  sister  denomination 
because  of  its  small  fees.  His  plan  would  ])ut  an  education 
in  the  reach  of  all.  removing  the  poi)ular  ])rejudice  that  colleges 
were  only  for  the  rich.  This  democratic  slogan  was  very  effec- 
tive, while  to  the  objection  that  the  scheme  would  overcrowd 
Ihe  college,  a  hearty  willingness  was  expressed  to  face  such  a 
situation. 

There  were  associated  with  the  scholarship  project  two 
other  features.  The  periods  were  to  be  changed,  so  that  in 
jdace  of  vacations  in  Marcli  and  i^eptember,  the  college  instruc- 
lion  was  to  run  from  March  to  the  end  of  November  with  an 
interval  of  one  week  in  July.  The  long  vacation  of  three 
months  in  the  winter  gave  a  chance  for  the  students  1o  teach 
common  school.  The  second  projiosal  was  to  purchase  a  farm 
on  French  Creek,  so  the  students  in  the  summer  could  revive 
the  manual  labor  exi)eriment.  The  college  acres  of  the  earlier 
years  had  been  sold  to  Di".  (Mai-k  to  offset  unpaid  claims  for 
services.  The  land  above  the  campus  was  not  suitable  to  the 
soi-t  of  cultivation  ti'ied. 

The  two  conferences  adopted  almost  unanimously  ihe  Fer- 
pelual  Scholai-shi])  ]»lan.  Those  who  had  subscribed  on  the 
Soule  ()!•  Centeiiai-y  |)r(»fessorships  wei*e  allotted  the  new  cei'- 
tilicates  upon  payment  of  their  jiledges.  The  Hoai'd  of  Trus- 
le<"s.  on  August  L*4,  also  ap|)roved  the  jirojecl.  The  enthusiasm 
of  I>i-.  Clai-k  was  infectious.  He  assumed  dii*eclion  of  the 
act  i\'e  cainpaign  which  opened  in  S<'ptend>('r.     Coston  and  Kev. 

[    1-*'^    I 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

J.  K.  Miller  served  as  aj^ents  with  him  in  the  rittsbiirgh  Con- 
ference, and  Rev.  John  Bain  and  Rev.  Hiram  Kinsley  worked 
in  the  Erie.  The  mend)ers  of  tlie  Faculty  assisted  in  the  work 
and  the  college  sessions  were  suspended.  The  brethren  of  the 
president  expressed  their  appreciation  of  him  by  an  election 
as  delegate  to  the  coming  General  Conference. 

The  exhortation  was  to  complete  the  sale  of  the  scholar- 
ships in  six  months.  Every  preacher  was  expected  to  take 
part  in  the  canvass.  Several  of  the  presiding  elders  were  espe- 
cially effective  in  co-operation.  The  clergy,  who  were  alumni 
of  Allegheny,  were  fittingly  loyal  and  active.  John  Bain  sold 
300  certificates  before  January,  1844,  of  these  44  in  Meadville. 
J.  K.  Miller  placed  110  in  east  Ohio  immediately.  In  the 
vicinity  of  Pittsburgh,  an  average  of  30  a  week  was  maintained, 
20  being  subscribed  in  New  Brighton  and  22  in  Zelienople. 

Dr.  Clark  moved  his  headquarters  to  Beaver  and  the  word 
went  forth  that  the  subscriptions  were  surpassing  all  expecta- 
tions. But  the  sum  in  view  was  too  large  to  be  completed  in 
a  year  and  much  traveling  was  necessary.  The  interest  of  the 
public  increased.  The  agents  talked  to  the  people  in  the  shops 
and  fields,  at  temperance  meetings  and  religious  gatherings. 
It  was  a  campaign  in  the  cause  of  popular  education.  Young 
men  urged  their  parents  to  subscribe  so  they  could  plan  to  get 
to  Allegheny  eventually. 

The  quarterly  conferences  of  Methodism  were  api)ropriate 
occasions  for  pushing  the  claims  of  the  college.  Christian  edu- 
cation was  recognized  as  a  legitimate  subject  with  the  other 
business  of  the  sessions.  Kev.  J.  J.  Steadman  on  his  district 
s])read  the  sentiment,  "Live  forever,  Allegheny  College",  and 
from  his  people  in  response  came  a  glad  "Amen".  Another 
fruitful  field  extensively  cultivated  was  the  famous  ^Methodist 
camp  meeting  ground,  to  which  multitudes  yet  repaired.  These 
centers  in  Ohio  and  I*ennsylvania  supplied  many  subscribers 
to  the  scholarships. 

When  the  two  annual  conferences  met  in  1844,  the  two 
themes  of  discussion  uppermost  were  the  secession  of  the  M.  E. 
Church  South  and  the  splendid  progress  of  the  scholarship 

[  121)  ] 


mSTOin'   OF   ALLEGHENY   COLLEGE 

fuud.  The  friends  of  the  (•olle<ie  declared  extravagantly  That 
with  its  completion  to  one  luindred  thousand  dollars,  Alle- 
gheny would  be  the  greatest  institution  in  the  country.  A  last 
tremendous  effort  was  projected.  Kev.  J.  K.  Drummond.  the 
Pittsburgh  agent,  was  a  whirlwind.  He  secured  subscriptions 
for  -SI 32.")  iu  the  same  territory  visited  the  previous  year.  From 
a  single  quarterly  meeting  he  collected  in  notes  81800.  His 
aven*age  was  si.'iOO  a  week  and  he  covered  many  hundred  miles. 


Old-time  Cani])  Ground 

Sturdy  John  liain  and  A.  (1.  Miller.  '41.  made  a  glorious 
excursion  east  of  the  mountains,  visiting  several  camj)  me<*t- 
ings.  TJH'V  heard  <'\'ervwliere  the  jtraise  of  Allegheny.  Though 
the  Clay  Tolk  ]»(ditical  contest  divided  the  jmblic  intci'est,  in 
six  weeks  they  took  subsci-iptions  of  over  tivt'  thousiind  dollars. 
Dr.  Clark  sold  iLMi  s(holai-shi]»s  in  November.  By  Chiistmas 
iliei-e  was  a  general  demand  that  the  college  must  i-eopen  its 
d«»oi-s.  for  no  c<dlection  could  be  nuule  until  it  had  resumed 
its  sessions.  Resides,  many  former  stu<lenls  who  had  been 
waiting  won  Id  go  elsewhere. 

The  (•iido\\'ment   fund  availalde  from  the  subscriptions  ha<l 

r  1:50  1 


IIISTOKV   OF   A1.LK<J1IKNV   i'OlA.VMK 

rcaclKMl  seventy-live  tliousaiid  dollars,  when  the  lMtlshui-j!,h 
Conference  met  Jnly  :!().  The  notice  then  went  forth  that  the 
conditions  Avere  fultilled  and  the  pledf^es  were  bindinji.  The 
success  of  the  plan  of  Homer  J.  (Mark  had  e(iualled  the  highest 
expectations.  In  fact,  the  final  returns  aggregated  ninety 
thousand.  But  at  once  the  (olhM-tion  of  the  obligations;  became 
all  important  and  for  many  months  the  work  was  vigorously 
pushed,  the  total  cash  realized  being  sixty  thousand  dollars. 

Bentley  Hall  had  been  closed  from  August.  1S4.'>,  to  April, 
1S4.").  The  last  commencement  address  was  given  by  I'rofessor 
Barker.  The  attendance  of  the  collegiate  department  had 
fallen  to  sixty-two.  During  the  suspension,  the  vice-president 
remained  in  Meadville,  teaching  for  a  tinu*  in  the  academy. 
When  the  college  reopened,  he  was  in  charge,  tlie  old  plan  of 
tuition  payment  being  in  etfect.  Sixty  students  resumed  their 
courses  and  two  were  graduated  on  Augtist  2S. 

The  Trustees  voted  to  open  Alieglieny  Ai)ril  G,  184G,  on  the 
new  ]»lan,  accepting  the  ])erpetual  scholarship  certificates.  But 
on  ^[arch  8,  the  faithful  Barker  had  resigned  to  the  general 
regret  and  left  to  take  the  chair  of  ancient  languages  in  Tran- 
sylvania University.  In  the  dark  days  just  before  the  college 
suspended,  a  harsh  blow  was  struck  when  the  Widow  Alden 
had  the  sherifi"  levy  upon  the  library  because  of  the  small  sum 
yet  unpaid  to  the  estate  of  the  founder  of  Allegheny.  The 
veteran  Trustees,  Davi<T  Dick  and  John  Keynolds.  became 
security  for  the  payment  of  the  debt. 

The  next  yeai",  while  the  endowment  campaign  was  at  its 
height  and  ]»ublic  favor  was  es])ecially  ]»recious,  a  memorial 
was  submitted  to  the  Senate  at  llarrisburg  arraigning  the 
management  of  Allegheny  College.  Senator  Farrelly,  '2(i.  had 
action  await  word  from  the  defendants.  Brofessor  Barker  was 
the  chairman  of  the  Trustees'  committee  to  make  rei)ly  and  he 
signally  refuted  the  seven  charges  brought  against  the  Board, 
lie  contrasted  the  Alden  and  the  Methodist  administrations; 
he  proved  that  Mrs.  Alden  had  refused  for  her  claim  the  forty- 
five  acres  which  were  soon  sold  for  much  more  than  the  sum 
owed  her.    The  loss  of  books  from  the  library  was  convincingly 

[   1:'>1   ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

denied  and  the  sale  of  the  college  instruments  shown  to  have 
been  an  unforeseen  misfortune  speedily  adjusted.  The  ^>enate 
of  the  ir^tate  did  not  lend  itself  to  the  spleen  of  the  attack. 

Tlie  future  of  Allegheny  was  now  for  the  first  time  assured. 
The  fundamental  need  of  an  endowment  had  been  supplied. 
All  praise  is  due  to  President  Clark.  His  device  of  the  per- 
petual scholarship  had  won  the  financial  contributions  of  his 
church  when  all  other  plans  offered  to  the  public  for  thirty 
years  had  been  ineffectual. 

In  the  next  decade,  Antioch  College,  in  Ohio,  under  the 
presidency  of  Horace  Mann,  tried  the  same  scheme,  the  price 
of  its  scholarship  being  only  one-fotirth  that  of  Allegheny. 
But  the  certificates  were  issued  for  notes,  which  were  not 
largely  collected,  and  disaster  overwhelmed  the  illustrious 
educator  in  his  experiment. 

However,  the  success  that  had  crowned  the  administration 
of  Homer  J.  Clark  entailed  a  heavy  cost  upon  the  man  in  the 
executive  chair.  His  strenuous  and  persistent  labors  left  him 
badly  broken  in  health.  His  spirit  was  ready  for  the  new  and 
brighter  day  ahead  in  the  college.  Would  he  be  able  to  enjoy 
the  fruit  of  his  toil? 


[   1^52  ] 


CIIAP'J'EK   V 


MID-CENTURY   PROSPERITY 

JIKIOIO    tliousiUKl   pt'i'sons   liav- 
iiij;-    piircliaised    the    right    to 
send  a  .student  to  colltge  free 
of  tuition,  it  was  anticipated 
that   the   enrollnu'nt   of   Alle- 
gheny   under    the    ik^w    plan 
might    .suddenly    increase    to 
three   of   four   hundred.      The 
number      that      actually      ap- 
peared   in    the    tirst    week    of 
April    was   one   hundred   and 
tifty.    By  the  end  of  the  h)ng  term  of  eight  months,  the  atteud- 
ance  had  riseu  to  one  hundred  and  eight}-,  sixty-seven  being 
in  tlie  college  department. 

The  big  influx  had  not  begun,  since  but  a  small  portion  of 
the  monies  on  the  scholarships  was  then  paid.  The  over- 
crowding that  had  been  feared  never  did  come  to  pass.  Very 
many  holders  of  the  certificates  looked  upon  their  investment 
as  a  donation  to  Christian  education,  and  the  privileges  of 
the  subscription  were  never  utilized.  The  first  installment  of 
scholarship  liolders  was  composed  largely  of  strangers;  over  a 
third  came  from  Ohio. 

Tliese  new  students  were  serious,  mature  young  men.  Fifty 
of  them  brought  their  letters  of  church  membership.  The  most 
of  tliem  were  of  slender  financial  means,  one-fourth  of  tlie  num- 
ber boarding  tliemselves.  The  college  farm  for  manual  labor 
was  not  yet  purchased  and  the  plan  was  finally  abandoned. 
Teaching  in  the  common  schools  during  the  winter  vacation  of 
three  months  promised  a  .surer  method  of  adding  to  student 
resources.  It  was  a  matter  of  pride  that  the  college  gave  the 
])Oor  boy  a  chance  at  an  education,  if  lie  was  willing  to  help 
him.self. 


[   ^^>^  ] 


Hlt^TOKY   OF  ALLEGHENY   COLLECE 

The  Faculty  that  greeted  the  newcomers  in  1840  lia*]  several 
changes.  8ome  sanguine  friends  had  predicted  that  when  the 
multitude  holding  perpetual  scholarships  thronged  the  Hill, 
the  professors  of  one-half  the  colleges  in  the  L'nited  States 
would  be  needed  to  give  instruction.  George  W.  Clarke  was 
advanced  to  the  vice-presidency  and  the  professorship  of  an- 
cient languages  divided,  he  taking  the  Greek.  He  wa.s  a  man 
of  sound  judgment  and  agreeable  manner.  He  was  the  leading 
representative  of  the  Faculty  in  the  Erie  Conference,  having 
been  sent  to  the  General  Conference  of  3844:.  Calvin  Kingsley 
returned  to  Meadville  to  be  professor  of  mathematics  and 
natural  i)hilosophy,  having  served  for  two  years  as  pastor  in 
Erie. 

Jonathan  Hamnett,  '39,  now  became  a  ijrofessor  of  Latin, 
beginning  that  unique  record  of  sixty-live  years  in  the  I'aculty. 
He  was  the  principal  of  a  successful  academy  at  AVells\ille,  O., 
and.  upon  his  removal  to  Meadville,  brought  several  of  his 
students,  who  entered  the  advanced  college  classes.  This  new 
member  of  the  teaching  corps  came  to  Allegheny  largely  upon 
faith  and  because  of  his  loyalty  to  his  alma  mater.  I'l'esident 
Clark,  under  date  of  Feb.  20,  1845.  wrote  to  him  : 

'if  you  are  willing  to  go  with  the  knowledge  you  have  of  the  circum- 
stances of  the  college,  1  will  gladly  recommend  you  to  the  Board  of 
Trustees.  I  would  likely  name  you  as  adjunct  professor  of  languages, 
though  you  might  be  required  to  assist  in  mathematics.  Since  writing 
the  above,  1  have  sent  a  letter  to  Professor  Barker  and  strongly  urged 
you  on  the  Board.  I  have  said  nothing  in  regard  to  salary,  lest  that 
should  be  in  the  way,  so  they  might  make  it  either  contingent  for  the 
present  on  the  amount  of  tuition  fees  received  or  leave  it  to  be  arranged 
hereafter.  You  would  of  course  share  with  the  others;  when  salaries  are 
to  be  paid,  yours  would  then  be  fixed  definitely  on  a  similar  scale." 

Lorenzo  1).  AVilliams  was  elected  on  March  :}(),  LS4(J,  to 
take  the  woi-k  of  IM-ofessor  liarker.  but  the  title  of  the  chair 
was  now  cliangcMl  from  nalnral  jthilosophy  and  chemistry  to 
lliat  of  iijitural  sciences.  AVillijims  was  ediu'aled  in  the  Gen- 
essee  AVesleyan  Seminary,  ill  health  ]»i'eveiiliiig  him  from  fin- 
ishing his  ti-aiiiing  at  Wesleyan  T'niversity.  lie  was  the 
founder  of  the  Asbni-y  Seminary  al   Chagrin    I^'alls.  ()..  which 

[   1-5-t   ] 


HISTOKV  OF  ALLEOHEXY  TOLLEdE 

in  1840  was  taken  nnder  llie  patrona<j;e  of  the  Erie  ronferenee. 
Professor  Williams  conlinned  as  tlie  principal  of  this  pros- 
perous school  for  five  years,  and  then  briefly  of  another  acad- 
emy, entering  his  duties  at  Allegheny  as  an  able  educator. 

The  commencement  exercises  came  in  1840  at  the  end  of 
November,  when  four  diplomas  were  granted.  Tin'  academic 
year  had  brought  tlie  adjustments  incident  to  the  new  ])lan  of 
administration.  One  disai)i)oiutment  was  the  inability  to 
secure  Moses  Crow,  '40,  as  tlie  professor  of  Hebrew  and  modern 
languages.  Some  sliglit  friction  had  arisen  because  a  few  stu- 
dents thought  the  peri)etual  certificates  entitled  tiiem  to 
library  and  laboratory  privileges,  heat  and  janitor  services.  A 
contingent  fee  of  $2.~A)  a  term  was  cliarged.  The  i)racti /ability 
of  the  scholarship  plan  had  lieen  proven,  and  the  results  of  this 
tuition  system  were  felt  to  be  "wortliy  of  a  twenty-year  effort", 
had  it  been  required. 

The  final  year  of  the  presidency  of  Dr.  Homer  J.  (Jlark 
started  the  first  Monday  in  March  with  over  two  hundred  stu- 
dents. The  enlarged  attendance  revived  the  project  of  erecting 
a  second  college  building.  The  commencement  day  Avas  once 
more  changed  to  tlie  third  Thursday  in  July.  There  were  ten 
graduates,  tliree  of  wliom  were  at  once  admitted  into  the  Pitts- 
burgli  Conference  on  trial.  In  tliis  class  were  Alexander 
Martin,  founder  of  West  \'irginia  I'niversity  and  later  presi- 
dent of  Asbury  University,  W.  A.  Davidson  and  S.  H.  Nesbit, 
future  editor  of  1*ittsbur<;ii  Advocate,  and  t^anford  Hunt,  the 
Methodist  publisher. 

The  first  alumni  association  of  Allegheny  was  effected  at 
this  time  and  T.  J.  Fox  Alden,  '21,  the  earliest  graduate,  deliv- 
ered an  address  that  was  ])ronounced  racy  and  eloquent.  The 
season  was  one  of  much  felicitation.  The  Meadville  Gazette 
of  July  27  commented  : 

"It  is  a  source  of  heartfelt  gratilicatioii  that  the  present  prospects  of 
the  college  are  so  bright  under  the  successful  operation  of  its  novel  and 
extraordinary  educational  plan.  Too  much  credit  cannot  be  given  to 
that  body  of  the  Christian  church  under  whose  patronage  the  institution 
is   placed.      For   plain,    straightforward    and   practical   benevolence    com- 

[    1-^^    ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

mend  us  lo  the  Methodists.     For  persevering  effort  and  great  and  per- 
manent moral  results,  they  stand  pre-eminent." 

The  end  of  tlie  secoud  term  on  November  20  brought  the 
resignation  of  Dr.  Clark.  His  ill  health  had  not  impro\ed,  and 
upon  his  release  he  retired  to  his  farm  in  Ohio  where  for  two 
years  he  recruited  his  strength.  In  1850-2,  he  was  a  pastor  at 
Pittsburgh  and  editor  of  the  Advocati:  LS52-G.  He  sewed  sev- 
eral years  as  presiding  elder,  taking  a  superannuated  relation 
in  1804.  He  was  called  to  his  final  reward  Sept.  24,  18T.5.  His 
grave  is  near  the  old  homestead  in  Ohio. 

His  i>upil  and  associate,  George  W.  Clarke,  '^U,  paid  this 
tribute  to  the  work  of  Dr.  Clark  in  Allegheny :  "His  prepara- 
tion for  the  class  room  was  fresh  and  thorough.  He  had  espe- 
cially clear  conceptions  of  the  subjects  he  discussed  with  the 
class.  His  thoughts  were  tersely  expressed  in  well  chosen  lan- 
guage. As  a  college  president  he  had  no  superior.  He  held  the 
reins  gently,  but  he  held  them  always.  There  was  ttnbroken 
Imrmony  in  the  Faculty,  due  to  his  personal  influence  and  fine 
administrative  ability.'' 

President  Clark  was  most  solicitous  that  Allegheny  should 
equip  its  students  for  Christian  service,  and  believed  that 
notably  a  zeal  for  missions  should  be  inculcated  in  the  college. 
In  an  address  of  his  second  executive  year  he  said: 

"We  must  see  the  close  connection  existing  between  the  operation 
of  the  college  and  the  et^lciency  of  missions.  Let  us  not  forget  that  our 
colleges  are  destined  to  furnish  many  of  the  best  laborers  in  the  mission- 
ary field.  Laborers  are  wanting  for  some  departments  of  missionary 
work  which  can  be  supplied  from  no  other  source.  Now  a  loud  call  is 
heard  for  two  of  this  sort,  one  for  Africa,  one  for  South  America.  One 
promising  candidate  for  the  ministry,  Jabez  Burton,  '38,  has  applied  to 
go  to  Africa." 

Di'.  (Mark  Avas  regar(kMl  as  one  of  the  eloquent  men  of  liis 
denomination.  His  }»ractice  was  to  write  and  memorize  his 
sermons.  Tlie  addresses  were  tlius  usually  finished  produc- 
tions and  matiy  of  them  masterly  etforts.  The  charm  of  pres- 
ence, the  melody  of  voice,  and  tlie  beauty  of  thought  made  him 
a  man  of  mark  and  an  inspiring  example  to  andtitious  youtli. 
In   his  pei'sfnial  graces,  his  gentle  manners,  his  solid  scholar- 

[  r.w  ] 


HISTOKV   OF  ALLKdllEXY   COLLKCJE 

ship  and  his  line  Cliristian  (haractcr,  Jlonier  .1.  Clark  takes 
hi^h  rank  in  tlie  notable  snccession  of  Allej^heny  executives. 

Tlie  loss  of  the  i)resi(lent  had  been  expected  and  consulta- 
tions as  to  tilling  the  vacancy  been  held;  therefore  ujion  the 
reconiniendation  of  the  conference  coniniittee,  Kev.  Johu 
Barker,  then  at  Transylvania  University,  was  elected  by  the 
Trustees  Dec.  27,  1847.  No  choice  could  have  been  more  popu- 
lar, for  far  and  wide  his  return  to  lead  the  college  was  hailed 
as  the  positive  guarantee  of  a  brilliant  future  for  Allegheny. 
The  CixcixxATi  Atlas  said,  **We  congratulate  Allegheuy  Col- 
lege that  so  able  a  man,  so  i)ure  a  Christian  and  so  ri})e  a 
scholar,  one  who  has  been  hitherto  so  useful  in  her  halls,  now 
returns  to  take  the  chief  direction  of  her  atfairs." 

•lohn  Barker  was  boru  in  Foggathrope,  East  Killing,  York- 
shire, England,  March  17,  18l:i.  When  three  years  of  age, 
his  parents  brought  him  to  Central  New  York.  His  youth  was 
said  to  have  beeu  speut  in  study  abnost  to  the  exclusion  of 
recreation.  He  had  an  all  absorbing  {lassion  for  knowledge 
that  led  him  to  lay  broad  and  deep  the  foundations  of  his 
scholastic  attainments.  He  early  prepared  for  college  and  was 
graduated  from  Geneva,  now  Hobart  College,  in  18.32.  He  was 
known  as  a  strong  student  and  was  invited  to  a  ])rofessorship 
in  his  alma  mater,  but  declined  the  offer. 

The  young  scholar  taught  a  few  years  in  a  private  school. 
He  made  profession  of  religion  in  1834,  joined  the  Methodist 
Church  and  received  license  to  preach.  The  chair  of  mathe- 
matics in  the  Genesee  AVesleyan  Seminary  was  held  by  him 
for  five  years,  preceding  his  first  coming  to  Allegheny  College, 
^^oon  after  leaving  Transylvania  in  1848,  that  institution  ex- 
pressed its  appreciation  of  his  talents  by  conferring  upon  him 
the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity.  About  the  same  time.  AVash- 
ington  College  in  Pennsylvania  similarly  honored  him. 

The  first  commencement  of  Dr.  Barker,  on  July  20,  was  in 
the  nature  of  an  inauguration.  His  address  on  the  dignity 
and  responsibility  of  the  office  of  the  teacher  was  much  praised. 
The  conviction  continued  to  grow  that  the  college  had  at  its 
head  a  man  peculiarly  adapted  for  the  time  and  the  oppor- 
tunity.    The  boastful  friends  of  the  Institution  alleged  that 

[  137  ] 


Rev.  John  Barker.  D.  D.,  President  1847-1860 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLI':(;ilENY  COLLEGP] 

]io  otlior  place  in  tlie  land  was  confcrrinf^-  more  solid  benefits 
npon  its  students  than  Allegheny.  There  was  a  catholicity  in 
its  ])atronage.  Of  the  ten  graduates  this  year,  two  went  into 
the  I'resbyteriau  uiinistry,  one  into  the  Baptist. 

The  second  year  of  the  fourth  president  of  Allegheny 
showed  continued  expansion.  No  less  than  220  new  students 
entered,  the  large  majority  going  into  the  pre])aratory  dei)art- 
ment.  Now  for  the  first  time  in  a  decade,  the  enrollment  of  the 
four  college  classes  passed  above  the  one  hundred  mark.  The 
large  bulk  of  the  students  came  from  the  area  of  the  i)atroniz- 
ing  Methodist  Conferences.  The  perpetual  scholarsliips  were 
now  raised  in  price  from  twenty-five  to  thirty-five  dollars, 
making  the  earlier  issue  of  certificates  more  valuable. 

The  same  high  character  that  had  marked  the  students  of 
the  earlier  period  yet  prevailed.  Dr.  Barker,  speaking  after 
somewhat  wade  observation,  said,  that  for  propriety  of  man- 
ners and  natural  intelligence,  he  did  not  believe  there  had 
been  a  company  to  equal  the  representatives  of  this  year.  The 
proportion  of  religious  students  was  larger  than  at  any  pre- 
vious time  and  there  had  been  several  additions  during  the 
term.  Once  again  a  change  took  place  in  the  division  of  the 
scholastic  year.  It  reflected  a  variation  from  the  j)revious 
policy.  The  adoption  of  a  three-term  system  with  six  weeks' 
vacation  in  the  summer  and  shorter  periods  in  March  and 
December,  was  designed  to  attract  those  who  had  been  going 
to  more  expensive  i)laces  tlian  Allegheny.  For  the  benefit  of 
those  who  had  to  drop  out  of  classes  during  the  winter  term 
in  order  to  teach  school,  exti-a  courses  of  review  were  given 
the  succeeding  term. 

For  eight  years  the  Faculty  circle  was  unbroken.  The  five 
men  of  that  group  were  strong  in  the  qualities  that  contribute 
to  the  foundation  of  character  and  tlie  development  of  vigor- 
ous i)ersonality.  All  were  Methodist  clergymen,  solidly  ortho- 
dox and  of  the  sterling  old-fashione<l  type  of  faith  and  conduct. 
But  in  their  college  relations  they  were  teachers  invariably 
before  they  were  preachers.  There  was  no  taint  of  sectarian- 
ism in  the  school,  jnst  as  it  liad  been  free  from  such  a  charge 

[    l:'''->   ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

in  the  earlier  days.     Boys  of  many  creeds  came  freely  to  the 
halls  of  Bentley. 

The  trend  of  the  teaching  was  to  the  classical,  rather  than 
the  scientific.  One  of  the  men  of  '54  felt  that  the  course  was 
deficient  in  applied  mathematics  and  in  the  natural  sciences. 
Professor  Williams  was  greatly  limited  in  laboratory,  appa- 
ratus, and  cabinet.  But  he  was  an  instructor  of  much  enthusi- 
asm and  ability,  and  lecturing  often  in  the  town,  he  was  able 
to  popularize  his  subjects  to  an  eminent  degree.  The  college 
had  difficulty  in  securing  men  for  the  modern  languages,  so 
that  the  instruction  in  French  and  German  was  intermittent. 

The  thirst  for  knowledge  was  now  widely  felt  and  Alle- 
gheny had  gained  an  extensive  advertisement  in  the  scholar- 
ship campaign  of  the  Methodist  Conferences.  The  first  year 
of  the  Fifties  saw  tlie  attendance  mount  above  three  hundred, 
the  record  figure  of  the  college  until  181(7.  The  total  number 
of  students  to  be  enrolled  in  the  fourteen  years  of  the  Barker 
regime  was  thirty-seven  hundred.  But  more  than  half  of  these 
went  into  the  preparatory  department.  From  1855-00,  the 
attendance  in  the  college  department  averaged  forty-five  per 
cent  of  the  whole.  In  the  decade  of  1850,  the  number  of  gradu- 
ates annually  averaged  twenty.  The  Freshnuin  figure  for  each 
year  from  1850  was  G6,  48,  51,  45,  40,  41,  33,  35,  40,  40,  42. 

It  was  officially  stated  that  of  the  throng,  which  came  to 
Meadville  from  1847  to  1854  to  spend  but  two  or  three  terms, 
or  possibly  two  years,  at  tlieir  studies,  very  few  when  tliey  left 
went  to  other  institutions  of  learning.  Allegheny  supplied 
them  the  college  instruction  of  their  careers  and  inspired  to 
subsequent  intellectual  endeavors.  In  the  seven  years  named, 
Ihe  average  enrollment  in  the  academic  department  was  one 
hundred  and  seventy-four,  the  niunber  dropping  off  sharply  by 
fifty  and  nntre  in  1855. 

In  Ihis  class  of  students  in  1848  entered  AVilliam  B.  Allison 
of  Ashland  County,  Ohio,  the  future  Senator  from  Iowa. 
James  A.  Gary  came  up  from  Baltimore  in  1850.  The  fame 
of  Alleglieny  was  known  in  ^Sfarylaiid  and  the  father,  a 
stanch  I'resbyterian,  started  the  lad  of  seventeen  ofi"  for  the 
north.     V>y  i-aihvay.  he  went  to  Cund>erlaMd;  thence  l)y  stage 

[   140  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  OOLLECJE 

to  Fi'ostburg  and  on  to  Brownsville,  within  twenty-fonr  hours. 
B}'  steamer  on  the  Monon<»ahela,  the  jonrney  was  continued  to 
I'ittsbnrgh,  and  the  staj^fe  brouj^ht  the  traveler  on  to  Mead- 
ville.  the  trip  re(iuiring  three  days.  Not  all  the  students  came 
to  Allegheny  so  comfortably  as  young  Gary. 

A  vivid  picture  of  the  opening  day  of  the  spring  term  of 
1851  has  been  given  by  Judge  Worthington,  '51,  He  and  his 
chum.  Ben  Martin,  '54,  later  a  member  of  Congress,  had  been 
prepared  for  college  in  the  academy  at  Clarksburg,  Virginia, 
where  Gordon  Battelle,  '40,  and  Alexander  Martin,  'IT,  were 
teachers.     He  relates: 

"On  the  campus  west  of  Bentley,  we  found  a  crowd  of  laughing, 
joking,  jostling  young  men,  looking  on  and  contesting  in  the  old-time 
sports  of  vaulting,  hop,  step  and  jump,  and  running.  It  was  a  pleasant 
introduction  to  student  life  and  served  to  wear  off  the  timidity  of  two 
neophytes  from  the  backwoods  of  West  Virginia.  It  brought  the  feeling 
that  boys  were  boys  at  college  as  well  as  at  the  academy.  Nor  was  this 
feeling  lessened  by  the  sonorous  declaration  of  President  Barker,  when 
we  met  that  morning  in  chapel,  that  'students  came  to  Allegheny  to 
educate  their  heads  and  not  their  heels'." 

A  second  substantial  building  upon  the  campus  nad  been 
long  desired.  The  growing  patronage  now  made  its  erection 
ini]»erative.  There  was  a  general  sentiment  that  the  building 
should  be  named  Enter  Hall  in  honor  of  the  first  Methodist 
president.  The  citizens  of  Meadville  made  an  initial  subscrip- 
tion of  twenty-five  hundred  dollars.  But  how  to  secure  the 
modest  five  or  six  thousand  estimated  as  the  cost  was  a  prob- 
lem. It  was  felt  that  a  general  direct  appeal  should  not  be 
made  throughout  ^lethodist  territory,  while  the  payment  on 
the  scliolarship  subscriptions  Avas  being  pushed. 

Hence  the  novel  suggestion  emerged  that  a  book  of  original 
sermons  should  be  published  and  the  proceeds  of  its  sale  ap- 
plied to  the  new  Hall.  This  project  was  formally  adr>pted  by 
the  Pittsburgh  Conference  in  1840,  after  a  committee  during 
the  preceding  months  had  secured  enough  pledges  in  advance 
to  guarantee  the  cost  of  the  ])rinting.  William  Hunter,  the 
editor  of  the  Advocatk,  was  made  the  editor  of  the  volume  and 
directed  to  prepare  an  edition  of  5000  copies.     The  sermons 

[  l-tl   ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

were  to  be  supplied  by  the  living  ministers  of  the  Pittsburgh, 
Erie  and  "West  ^'irginia  Conferences.  Dr.  Hunter  was  diligent 
and  had  the  book  ready  in  May,  1850. 

The  volume  was  a  work  of  452  pages,  containing  thii-ty-two 
sermons.  The  first  one  was  by  Dr.  Homer  J.  Clark  on  "Public 
Worship",  while  the  last  was  one  by  Dr.  Martin  Ruter,  entitled 
"The  Immortality  of  Man",  he  being  the  only  deceased  clergy- 
man whose  discourse  was  put  in  the  list.  The  manuscripts 
came  from  men  of  nearly  every  rank  in  the  ministry,  except 
the  very  youngest.  The  alumni  and  trustees  of  the  college 
were  well  represented  in  the  collection.  The  themes  covered  a 
wide  range,  including  thanksgiving  and  funeral  addresses. 
Some  of  the  topics  were  "Salvation  of  Infants",  "Novel  Read- 
ing". "Patience",  "Predestination",  "Practical  Benevolence'' 
and  "Heaven". 

The  Orif/inal  >^en)tons  were  sold  by  agents  in  both  confer- 
ence areas  and  Rev.  David  King,  of  the  Erie,  was  i)articularly 
successful.  In  a  year  his  gross  receipts  were  twelve  liundred 
dollars.  The  net  jtrofit  for  two  years  was  sixteen  hundred, 
though  two  thousand  dollars  at  least  had  been  expecled.  It 
was  said  that  the  proportion  from  the  Pittsburgh  Conference 
fell  short  by  four  hundred  dollars.  But  all  things  cor.sidered. 
it  was  an  amazing  sale.  Those  pages  of  solid  sermonizing 
must  have  been  l)ought  out  of  sheer  loyalty  to  the  cause.  The 
deficit  on  the  building  had  to  be  met  by  the  Trustees  in  a 
personal  canvass. 

Notable  individual  donations  to  education  were  being  made 
in  America  at  the  mid-century,  and  the  friends  of  Allegheny 
began  to  feel  s<>me  benefactor  should  be  raised  up  to  aid  the 
c(dleg(^  signally.  Tiie  Prrrsr.ruGii  Advocati:  gave  uttei-ance  to 
a  striking  ]>ro]>h(M-y.  which  was  fulfilled  fifty  years  later: 

"We  hear  of  large  i^ifts  often  to  Eastern  schools.  Under  the 
smiles  of  a  benij^n  Providence,  such  days  are  in  reserve  for  Allegheny 
College.  She  educates,  it  is  true,  a  greater  proportion  of  the  poor,  of 
those  in  moderate  circumstances.  But  that  energy  of  character  which 
carries  a  young  man  without  resources  through  college  is  a  sure  pre- 
cursor of  success  in  after  life.  In  the  course  of  time,  when  Allegheny 
numbers  her  alumni  by  hundreds  and  thousands,  scattered  over  this 
land  of  enterprise  and  opportunity  for  wealth,  they  will  return  to  visit 

[   142  ] 


iiisTOJ{v  OF  aijj:(jiii:.\v  coiaahw: 

the  scenes  of  their  student  days  and  leave  spontaneously  of  the  abund- 
ance they  have  acquired,  the  substantial  blessinijs  of  a  j^ratefui  heart." 

The  contract  for  the  ci-cction  of  Jiiilcr  Hall  was  let  in  Scj)- 
tembcr,  1(S.~)1.  but  the  struct nrc  was  not  enclosed  imtil  Novem- 
ber, IS.lii.  The  work  was  much  delayed.  The  lirst  plan  looked 
to  its  completion  Auj.!;ust.  IS."):),  but  the  formal  openinji'  did 
not  occur  tmtil  A]»ril  ll',  isr)4.  A  i»rocession  moved  at  ten 
o'(dock  from  the  front  of  Hentley,  consistinji;  of  the  Faculty, 
Trustees,  studcMits  and  citizens,  to  the  new  chapel.     In  its  dedi- 


Ruter  Hall. 

cation  an  ode  was  sunj>-  by  the  choir,  prayer  ottered  by  Dr. 
Barker  and  an  a<ldress  by  Dr.  Charles  Cooke,  of  rittsburgli,  on 
the  to])ic.  "The  Schoolmaster  and  the  Preacher".  The  speaker 
reviewed  tlie  history  of  Allejiheny  and  jiraised  its  infiuence 
as  an  agency  in  the  education  of  the  west. 

The  building  was  exceedingly  plain  when  tinished.  It 
suffered  by  comparison  with  its  neighbor,  Bentley  Hall.  The 
students  did  not  regard  it  kindly,  dubbing  it  ''the  factory".  It 
stood  out  very  grim  and  bleak  in  its  earliest  environment. 
There  had  been  a  few  trees  on  the  canqms.    One  of  the  earliest 

[    14.'5   ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

steps  of  President  Barker  was  to  have  saplings  brought  from 
the  forest  to  beantifv  the  grounds,  a  favorite  device  of  his  on 
several  occasions. 

Enter  Hall,  with  age.  has  mellowed  in  its  outward  appear- 
ance and  various  simple  embellishments  have  vastly  improved 
its  exterior.  In  utility  Enter  was  at  once  highly  serviceable. 
Its  dimensions  were  fifty  by  ninety  feet.  The  first  floor  was 
used  as  the  chapel.  The  second  floor  had  four  rooms,  two  of 
them  for  recitations  and  two  for  the  laboratory  and  philo- 
sophical apparatus.  The  third  floor  was  divided  between  the 
library  and  the  cabinet.  The  pressure  for  room  upon  Bentley 
Hall  was  now  relieved  and  Dr.  Barker  soon  moved  to  occupy 
the  east  wing  of  the  building  as  a  residence. 

The  campus  of  this  period  yet  had  a  Virginia  worm  fence 
along  the  Waterford  turnpike,  entrance  to  the  grounds  being 
by  a  high  stile.  The  approach  to  the  college  up  Main  Street 
was  not  a  comfortable  one,  especially  in  muddy,  wintry  sea- 
sons. By  a  popular  subscription  in  April,  1850,  Professor 
Hamnett  raised  some  forty  dollars  to  lay  a  plank  walk  from 
the  Diamond  up  the  Hill.  This  was  paid  partly  in  scantling 
and  in  labor,  particularly  the  student  contribution.  But  this 
walk  in  time  became  dilapidated  and  on  a  Hallowe'en  celebra- 
tion, the  entire  length  of  board  pavement  from  North  Street  to 
the  college  was  turned  over  into  the  ditch.  Professors  JCingsley 
and  Hamnett  had  laid  fine  brick  walks  before  their  residences 
on  this  street  and  the  student  demonstration  was  for  a  solid 
paving  the  entire  route. 

The  occasional  i)rank  was  meant  as  no  disrespect  to  the 
])resident.  His  ]»encliant  for  trees  on  the  campus  was  trav- 
estied by  bringing  brush  from  the  near-by  woods  and  sticking 
it  Ihickly  about  Bentley  and  the  walks.  However,  many  of  the 
trees  which  grace  the  campus  of  today  were  ])lanted  by  ihe  men 
of  tlie  l-'ifjies,  who  have  rejoiced  1o  return  and  recognize  their 
handiwork  in  towering  elm,  hickory,  buttonwood  and  pine. 
The  yontli  of  that  day.  as  <loes  liis  modern  successor,  sat  in 
in<lgment  ujxtn  the  merits  of  evei'v  membc]-  of  tlie  Faculty. 
Thei-c   was   not  a   student    who  failed   to  lov<'  and    revere  Dr. 

[   U-i  ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLIJ(;HI:XV  C()LL1:(JK 

Barker.     The  chai'iiiiiijj;-  jiersoiiality  of  the  executive  overshad- 
owed that  of  all  his  associates. 

Now  there  was  another  j)i-ofessor  upon  the  staff  who  was 


Calvin  Kingsley,  '41 

I 

also  leaviiij»"  a  profomid  iiiii)ress  ui)on  the  plastic  life  in  the  halls 
of  Allej»heiiy.  His  cliaiHi)ioiis  were  most  zealous  advocates.  As 
•hidj^e  Heydrick,  '.~)2,  expressed  it,  ''To  the  ultra  Methodist  boy, 

[   l-t'>  ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY   COLLEGE 

Calvin  Kiiigsley  was  a  wonder;  he  believed  him  to  be  tlie  ablest 
man  in  the  college  and  in  the  whole  world.''  IMiysically.  Kings- 
ley  made  a  marked  contrast  to  the  slender,  small  Barker.  The 
professor  of  nuithematics  was  stnrdy  and  large,  with  tine  mas- 
sive head  and  keen  piercing  eyes.  Stalwart  he  was  in  form, 
heart,  character,  and  achievement. 

Calvin  Kingsley  was  as  vigorons  in  intellect  as  he  was  in 
person.  He  was  a  ready  and  skillfnl  debater,  a  brilliant  sur- 
vivor of  the  Methodist  controversialists  of  the  i)receding  gener- 
ation. In  long  memorable  contests  with  Lee  of  the  "Wesleyan 
Secession"  at  Jamestown,  N.  Y.,  in  184.'),  and  with  Giiford  of 
the  Universalists  at  Erie  in  L844.  he  won  his  i)lace  as  (he  fore- 
most defender  of  the  doctrines  of  his  chnrch. 

Meadville  was  a  place  pregnant  with  jxissibilities  for 
theological  discussion.  Unitarianism  in  America  early  made 
entrance  here  through  the  interest  of  one  of  the  iutluential 
settlers.  l*resident  Timothy  Alden,  in  the  period  of  1824-6, 
preached  in  the  Brick  Church  against  the  new  faith.  In  the 
main,  the  relations  between  the  denominations  of  the  town 
were  amicable.  However,  with  the  founding  of  the  Theological 
School  in  1844  and  the  coming  of  its  president,  Kev.  K.  1*. 
Stebbins,  a  doughty  chami)ion  of  the  anti-Trinitarian  position, 
religious  controversies  became  more  acute.  These  culmi- 
nated in  a  series  of  public  addresses  in  1848.  in  which  r^ofessor 
Kingsley  s])oke  powerfully  for  orthodoxy  and  President  Steb- 
bins replied. 

A  sequel  to  this  debate,  which  reflected  the  strained  situa- 
tion that  had  arisen,  came  to  pass  in  July,  1851,  in  a  matter  in 
which  the  students  of  Allegheny  took  a  leading  part.  The  two 
litei-ary  societies,  possibly  unwittingly,  more  likely  with  the 
notion  of  raising  some  ex<'itement,  invited  the  Kev.  Mr.  Steb- 
bins to  give  tlie  annual  address  at  commencement  before  their 
members.  The  Faculty  of  Allegheny  entered  a  jyrotest.  The 
Allegheny  Literary  Society  refused  to  withdraw  its  invitation, 
and  was  cIowmI.  Quite  a  tempest  raged  for  a  few  days.  I'resi- 
dent  Stebbins  finally  gave  the  address  as  a  ]»ublic  lecture  in 
Ihc  Court  House  on  July  1st,  his  theme  being  "Academic  Cul- 
ture".    The  next  day.  at  the  graduation  exercises,  he  occupied 

[  i-io  ] 


HISTOKV   OF  ALLi:(JIlKXV   (H)LLE(IE 

a  front  8eat,  iiearesl   the  platfonii,  wliere  the  (liplomas  were 
presented. 

At  the  Methodist  (Jeneral  Conference  of  lSr)2,  a  reconinien- 
dation  was  made  tliat  Jiihlical  (h'i»artnients  be  estahlislied  as 
far  as  ]»ossihk^  in  connection  with  collejics  nn(U'r  the  chnrch 
ans])ices  or  ])atrona<>('.  This  action  ])roved  to  be  siin])ly  tlie 
anticipation  of  tlie  tlieolo<»ical  seminary.  There  came  a  gra- 
cious revival  of  religion  in  Meadville  in  the  winter  of  1852-8 
ami  several  stndents  were  inclined  to  enter  the  Christian  min- 
istry. Accordingly,  when  the  Erie  Annual  Conference  met  in 
Franklin,  .July  lo,  a  pro]K)sal  Avas  ottered  looking  toward 
adding  a  Biblical  Department  to  Allegheny. 

A  committee  meeting  in  Meadville  in  August  with  the  Trus- 
tees favored  the  project  and  a  larger  gathering  was  held  in 
I'ittsburgh  Nov.  23  Avith  delegates  from  the  three  Methodist 
patronizing  Conferences.  The  next  night  a  large  ]>ublic  assem- 
blage was  gathered  to  launch  the  i)lan.  Bishop  Simpson  pre- 
sided and  ])r.  Barker  and  Professor  Kingsley  gave  eloquent 
pleas  in  supi)ort  of  the  new  dei)artment.  It  Avas  urged  as  not 
only  for  the  benefit  of  candidates  for  the  ministry,  but  also  for 
the  sake  of  special  study  of  the  Scri]>tures  by  all  students. 

A  rally  in  Meadville  in  December  resulted  in  a  subscription 
of  tAVO  thousand  dollars,  the  ]*resident  of  the  Board,  David 
Derickson,  giving  five  hundred  dollars  on  the  condition  that 
the  required  amount  be  raised  in  three  years.  Calvin  Kingsley 
Avent  to  Pittsburgh  in  January,  1854,  to  conduct  the  campaign, 
that  city  being  expected  to  contribuute  ten  thousand.  In  a 
popular  meeting,  Jan.  17,  there  Avere  raised  seventy-hAC  hun- 
dred dollars  in  ten  minutes,  and  Avithin  the  year  thirteen  of 
the  fifteen  thousand  needed. 

The  largest  donor  Avas  Allen  Kramer,  Esq.,  of  Pittsburgh, 
the  treasurer  of  the  Conference  Centenary  Board,  and  the  ueAV 
chair  Avas  called  the  Kramer  I'rofessorship  of  HebrcAV  and 
Biblical  Literature.  The  splendid  response  to  the  a]>peal  to 
increase  the  sco])e  of  the  college  attested  to  the  growing  inter-, 
est  of  valuable  friends.  The  fumls  given  Avere  ke])t  by  the 
Centenary  Board  and  the  ])roceeds  applied  to  Biblical  Instruc- 
tion.     The    choice    for    the    i)()sition    fell    upon    Dr.    William 

[  UT  ] 


HISTOKY   OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

Hunter,  of  the  Pittsbiiri>:h  Confei-enee.  and  the  departmeut  was 
opened  in  the  fall  term  of  1855.  A  tliree  years'  course  was 
offered,  largely  in  Hebrew.  Greek.  philosoi)hy,  sciences  and 
Biblical  study. 

In  the  first  year,  thirty  students  were  enrolled,  among 
them  being  J.  M.  Thoburn.  Harvey  Henderson.  J.  H.  Mess- 
more  and  A.  J.  Merchant.  Seniors,  Juniors  and  preparatory 
students  were  in  the  department.  Later  the  course  was  better 
arranged,  the  number  however  pursuing  it  averaging  a  score 
and  more.  An  early  hope  was  expressed  that  the  study  of  the 
Bible  would  grow  until  a  building  should  be  required  on  the 
west  of  Bentley  as  a  counterpoise  to  Enter.  The  young- 
preachers  gained  practice  l>y  a  system  of  going  abroad  by 
twos  to  tlie  school  houses  and  country  churches  about 
Meadville. 

After  nineteen  years  of  service.  I'rofessor  G.  W.  Clarke 
resig:ned  the  chair  of  Greek  in  1854  and  office  of  vice-pre.sident. 
His  successor  was  Alexander  Martin,  '47,  principal  of  the 
Northwestern  Virginia  Academy,  who  was  now  well  entered 
upon  his  distinguished  career  as  an  educator.  Calvin  Kingsley 
became  vice-president,  but  tlie  General  Conference  of  1850 
called  him  from  Allegheny  to  be  editor  of  the  Western  Chris- 
iiAX  Advocate  at  Cincinnati.  His  work  in  mathematics  was 
largely  taken  over  by  Dr.  Barker. 

The  centenary  funds  of  the  two  Conferences  ('([ualled 
nearly  sixty  thousand  dollars  and  the  interest  on  th(,-  invest- 
ments met  the  budget  of  instruction  of  about  four  {housand 
dollars.  The  first  expectations  were  aroused  in  1S54  of  a 
])equest  from  .Judge  Chamberlain,  of  Cattaraugus,  N.  Y'.,  to 
be  available  upon  his  decease  to  found  a  professorship  in 
moral  philosophy.  Tliis  mooted  gift,  though,  was  to  run 
through  many  years  a  curious  liistory  and  end  in  utter  loss. 

The  exciting  political  conditions  of  the  era  in  the  nation 
had  their  retlex  in  the  college  circles.  The  Know  Nothing 
wave  reached  Meadville.  .1.  N.  Hosey,  '57;  H.  M.  Hughes, 
-.58.  and  B.  F.  Delo.  '5!> ;  were  active  organizers.  On  one 
occasion,  they  took  twelve  recruits  from  the  Hill  to  the  local 
meeting.     AVhcii   an   objection   was  i-aised   to  so  large  a   com 

[    1-t'^  1 


IIIST()1{V   OF   ALLKC.HKXV   (M)LLK(;i-: 

])any,  the  leading  otlicial.  Dr.  Kay,  eiicoiiraf'ed  tlie  student 
/eal,  nrji;ing  that  all  Allegheny  be  brought  into  the  ranks, 
/.ater  the  boys  hel])ed  in  the  initiation  of  Professoi'  Williams 
and  Dr.  Hanmett,  J'rofessor  Kingsley  having  joined  the  l)arty 
at  the  Cherry  Kun  camp  meeting  in  Clarion  County.  Presi- 
dent Barker  alone  was  excluded,  since  he  was  not  native  born. 

Kingsley  and  Williams  were  aggressive  anti-slavei-A'  men 
and  made  nmny  public  addresses  for  their  cause.  The  gath- 
ering at  Pittsburgh,  in  IS.")*;,  to  foi-m  the  Kepublican  party 
aroused  much  interest.  But  there  were  from  a  dozen  to  a 
score  of  students  each  year  from  below  Mason  and  Dixon's 
line.  Alumni  of  Allegheny  had  gone  into  the  South  lo  teach, 
and  their  praises  of  ahii<i  iiKitcr  led  their  i)U]>ils  to  seek  its 
halls.  These  were  not  inclined  to  enter  into  controversy,  but 
they  did  object  to  assaults  on  their  section  from  the  pulpits, 
on  one  Sabbath  all  the  Southerners  walking  out  of  the  church 
where  the  slave  holders  were  being  belabored. 

The  period  of  President  Barker  was  rich  in  the  character 
of  the  men  u])Ou  whom  the  college  placed  its  stamp.  An  edu- 
cation was  won  in  many  instances  after  sharp  sacrifice.  Several 
supi>orted  themselves  by  labor  as  i)rinters,  saddlers,  carpenters 
and  mechanics  of  various  sorts.  Large  numbers  boarded  them- 
selves and  the  cost  of  living  was  astounding,  judged  by  mod- 
ern ])rices.  AYitli  eggs  at  four  cents  a  dozen,  the  expense 
could  be  held  to  fifty  cents  a  week.  The  alumni  of  the  Fifties 
went  forth  to  render  valiant  services  to  their  age.  Certain 
classes  had  outstanding  groni)S  in  their  mcMnbership. 

U]>on  the  roll  of  the  graduates  of  isr)2  were  men  like 
Albert  Long,  the  early  missionary  to  Bulgaria  and  the  vice- 
jiresident  of  Bobert  C<dlege,  Constantinojjle,  where  the  seed 
was  sown  for  a  new  Balkan  world;  Cyrus  K.  Holliday,  one 
of  the  builders  of  the  West,  the  organizer  and  president  of  the 
Atchison,  Topeka  and  Sante  Fe  Kailway;  John  F.  Duncombe, 
of  Ft.  Dodge,  Iowa,  a  political  leader  of  his  State  for  years; 
Judge  Christopher  Heydrick.  of  the  Sujierior  Court  of  Penn- 
sylvania, and  Chief  Justice  Thomas  AVilson.  of  Minnesota.  In 
the  Class  of  1^'i4  were  alumni  such  as  Dr.  J.  W.  Wan.gh,  the 
missionary  publisher  of  India;  -ludge  X.  F.  AVortliingtou,  of 

[   l-iJ»  ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

tlie  T'.  S.  Labor  ( 'oiiiniission  of  L'^IK? ;  Con<»;i-essniaii  B.  F. 
Martin,  of  West  Mrgiiiia.  and  Kev.  Thomas  H.  Hajierty.  of 
^>t.  Louis.  Mo..  ^lethodist  lioiiie  luissiunary  and  itinerant  for 
sixty  years  and  still  active. 

Eminent  educators  then  trained  at  Allegheny  were  Milton 
Gotf.  president  of  Western  L'niversity  of  I'ennsvlvania ; 
Ephraim  Miller,  dean  of  the  University  of  Kansas;  O.  N.  Harts- 
horn, founder  of  Mt.  Union  College;  -lames  Marvin,  chancellor 
of  the  University  of  Kansas,  and  .John  F.  Eberhart.  founder  of 
the  Illinois  Normal  School.  Other  foreign  missionary  lea<lers 
were  James  M.  Thohurn.  '57;  Henry  Mansell.  '5'.).  and  James 
Messmore.  '~)U.  all  working  in  India.  It  was  a  stirring,  sub- 
stantial group  of  men  to  whom  the  college  gave  the  baccalaure- 
ate degree  in  ISoT.  J.  M.  Thoburn  has  achieved  universal  fame 
in  the  Christian  world  as  an  apostle  to  Asia.  Ilctn.  Harvey 
Henderson  has  served  his  church  and  his  State  in  many  worthy 
capacities.  T.  Alsor  Jones  was  a  brilliant  general  in  the  Civil 
AVar.  There  is  here  reproduced  ''The  Society  of  Seven",  from 
a  daguerreotype  taken  on  graduation  day. 


Thohurn  Oiiff  Henderson 

•Heller  Mones  *WauKh  'Sterrett 

I    i.-.o  I 


HISTOKV  OF  ALLKdllKXV   ('()LL1:(;K 

The  new  (Uk-kU'  had  scarcely  been  ushered  in.  wlieii  an 
appalling  calaniily  in  the  sudden  death  of  I'residenr  Barker 
on  Feb.  25,  LSGO,  left  the  eolle<2;e  and  the  entire  coinmunity 
])rostrate.  It  was  the  first  over\vhelniinj>'  and  \vide-s])re:id  <^rief 
that  tlie  town  in  all  its  history  had  ever  come  to  exDerience 
keenly.  The  i)r<)found  mourning'  was  a  subtle  and  true  index 
of  the  powerful  imi)ress  the  personality  of  Dr.  Barker  had 
made  upon  lii.s  associates  and  fellow  citizens.  In  the  memorial 
address  of  Dr.  Hunter,  entitled  "The  Christian  Teacher",  the 
circumstances  of  the  demise  were  thus  vividly  descrilx'd : 

The  evening  of  the  twenty-tifth  of  February  found  him  in  apparently 
excellent  health.  During  the  day  he  had  been  engaged  in  the  duties 
of  his  calling,  and  in  offices  of  sympathy  to  bereaved  neighbors.  He 
had  afterwards  met  some  of  his  friends  on  the  streets,  and  in  their 
places  of  business,  with  his  usu.al  cheerful  smile  and  pleasant  greet- 
ing; but  by  eight  o'clock  that  evening  he  was  found  insensible  in  his 
chamber  in  the  west  wing  of  Bentley  Hall.  The  pen  had  fallen  from 
his  hand — the  manuscript  lay  on  the  table  with  his  last  corrections; 
and  in  spite  of  all  that  medical  skill  and  human  sympathy  could  do, 
shortly  after  the  midnight  hour,  the  lamp  of  life  had  ceased  to  burn. 
I  have  little  occasion  to  rehearse  how  startling  was  the  surprise  that 
ran  and  spread  through  this  whole  community,  when  on  that  sad  Sab- 
bath morning,  neighbor  said  to  neighbor,  and  friend  to  friend,  in 
stifled  accents,  'Doctor  Barker  is  dead:'  Memory  recalls  the  scenes  of 
the  three  or  four  days  intervening  between  his  death  and  his  interment 
with  those  constant  streams  of  citizens  passing  and  repassing  upon 
College  Hill — the  young  and  old,  the  rich  and  the  poor,  the  high  and 
the  low,  the  learned  and  the  unlearned — all  with  saddened  counte- 
nances,  e.xpressing  the  common   conviction — "We   have   lost   a  friend:'  " 

The  fourth  ]»i-esident  of  Alh^gheny  had  an  amialiility  in 
his  personal  relations  and  a  social  adai>tal)ility  that  rendered 
him  a  universal  favorite.  His  urbanity,  associated  with  an 
unselfishness  and  freedom  from  jealousy,  and  his  superior 
conversational  ])owers  gained  him  the  att'ection  of  all  who 
knew  him.  His  extensive  and  \aried  knowledge,  his  fund  of 
entertaining  anecdotes,  the  s]»rightliness  of  his  wit.  his  un- 
varying good  humor  made  him  conspicuous  and  honored  in 
every  social  gathering  of  which  lie  was  a  part. 

But  Dr.  Bai'kei'  was  generous  and  charitable  to  a  fault. 
He  was  not  a  money  maker  nor  a  money  saver,  but  estimated 

[   l'*!    ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLKdHENY  COLLEGE 


liis  riiiaiifial  resources  only  by  liis  present  wants  or  the  neces- 
sities of  others.  He  literally  divided  his  jiortion  with  the  poor, 
jiiving  his  coat  to  the  man  ihat  had  none,  for  his  treasure  was 
not  of  this  world.  Even  in  the  interment  of  this  uood  and 
sincere  man.  the  i»rivate  subscriptions  of  his  friends  l)ore  the 
expense. 

By  a  marriage  in  184:5  with  a  Meadville  lady,  three  chil- 
dren had  been  left  to  the  jiresident  upon  the  mother's  death 
in  iSTy'.].     These  now  survived  together  with  a  second  wife,  but 

the  family   was   wiihout   a 

home  when  it  left  the  shel- 
ter of  Bentley  Hall.  The 
liberality  of  friends  iu 
Meadville  and  Pittsburgh 
su]>i)lied  this  need.  Dr. 
Barker  had  beconu^  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Pittsburgh  Con- 
ference, advanced  1o  dea- 
con's orders  and  been  sent 
to  the  (Jeneral  Conference 
of  1S.~)0  l)y  his  brethren. 
It  was  Dr.  Hamnett  who 
assumed  the  affectionate 
trust  of  raising  the  money 
to  build  the  Barkei-  memor- 
ial residence.  The  lists  yet 
l»reserved  show  donations  of  hunber.  nails,  glass,  labor,  and 
even  grocery  sui)]dies.  \"erv  many  contributors  took  delight 
in  having  a  share  in  the  enterprise.  The  total  gifts  aggre- 
gated twcdve  hundred  dollars. 

It  was  in  the  heart  of  the  college  that  Dr.  Barker  reigned 
as  a  |»rince.  Every  student  knew  instinctively  that  I  lie  ]»resi- 
dent  was  his  jtersoiial  friend.  He  was  a  patient  and  jirndent 
adviser  and  the  young  men  came  to  him  constantly  for  coun- 
sel. He  had  a  vital  interest  in  the  individual  fellow  and,  if 
there  were  a  wayward  oi-  discourag<'d  lad  on  the  Hill,  he  was 
asked  to  the  ]»resid(Mit's  table  to  <'njoy  its  intimate  hosi)itality. 
In  the  recitation   looiii.  Di-.   liai-ker  shone  in  all  hi«  glorv. 


yl  J 

^^^m 

^^^^^ 

The  Barker  Memorial 


IIISTOJJY   OF  ALLK(;iII':XV   ('OLLi:(iE 

He  so  abounded  in  apt  illustration,  he  ha<l  such  an  exuber- 
ance of  i^ood  humor,  there  was  such  a  power  in  him  to  imj>art 
charm  to  routine,  he  had  such  a  grasp  of  the  subject  and  a 
keenness  of  inter]>retation  that  the  class  jteriod  was  one  of 
miuf'led  instruction  and  entertainment.  The  boys  had  a  tra<li- 
lion  that  there  was  no  theme  on  which  he  was  not  (jualitied 
to  speak  at  once.  In  response  to  a  test  i)ropose<l  privately  in 
a  wa«jer  by  a  «^raceless  youth,  the  i)resident  lield  forth  one 
day  upon  the  pedigree  of  dogs,  much  to  the  joy  of  his  confi- 
dent backers. 

The  mental  philosophy  class  met  at  eight  in  the  morning 
and  the  members  were  always  keen  to  get  the  earliest  glimpse 
of  the  Doctor  as  he  walked  through  the  campus.  If  he  came 
rubbing  his  hands,  then  they  knew  they  would  have  good 
stories  during  the  hour  and  extended  comment  upon  the  les- 
son, but  if  he  came  with  his  hands  behind  him,  then  it  was 
certain  that  a  session  of  quizzing  and  searching  (piestions  upon 
the  text  of  the  day  was  ahead. 

No  one  can  measure  the  potency  of  this  life  transmuted 
into  the  many  hundreds  who  loved  him  so  devotedly  and 
accepted  liis  precepts.  With  all  of  the  intellectual  equipment 
of  Dr.  Barker  for  his  duties,  his  teaching  by  example  has  been 
liis  nn)st  precious  legacy  to  Allegheny  College.  He  was  an 
object  lesson  of  quiet  force.  This  simple  nmn  was  a  j.-owerful 
man.  The  testimony  of  the  Hon.  James  A.  Gary,  '01,  today 
is  that  President  Barker  fixed  for  all  time  his  ideals  of  Chris- 
tian manhood.  That  never  in  a  long  life  has  this  Maryland 
statesman  known  any  other  man  in  an  executive  posifion  who 
achieved  ends  so  unobtrusively,  yet  so  effectively  and  perma- 
nently as  did  Dr.  John  Barker.  The  one  ambition  of  his  career 
was  to  do  his  Cliristian  duty  and  benefit  his  fellow  nn^n. 

The  task  of  finding  ainither  i)resident  for  the  college  was 
faced  at  once.  Dr.  Williams  meanwhile  performing  the  execu- 
tive duties.  The  spring  term  of  18G0  brought  several  new 
students.  It  was  a  matter  of  comment  to  observe  the  iinprove- 
ment  in  the  preparation  of  those  entering  college  (hen  as 
compared  with  1S4G,  when  many  were  scarcely  out  of  the 
spelling  book  and  required  common   school   instruction.     The 

[    1-'   ] 


Hi'v.  (jeorKe  Looniia.  I). I). 


IllSTOKV  OF  ALLEGIIEXY  COLLEGE 

academies  by  the  Sixties  were  training  youth  for  the  Fresh- 
man Class. 

The  plan  of  a  ({uadrennial  reunion  of  the  alumni  of  Alle- 
gheny had  been  adopted  and  the  meeting  in  July  brought  a  tine 
outburst  of  college  loyalt}'.  ^^ixty  old  grads  came  back  from 
the  West  and  the  South,  where  tlie  Allegheny  influence  had 
been  conspicuous.  India  also  supplied  its  quota.  Professor 
Marvin  presided  and  in  the  class  roll,  .Judge  Derickson,  '21, 
Judge  Van  Home,  '35,  Prof.  Clarke,  '3(5,  Ur.  Hamnett,  '39. 
G.  W.  Hawkins,  '42,  Sanford  Hunt,  '47,  l»rof.  Grier,  '49,  of 
Western  Reserve,  Prof.  Clark,  '.">!,  of  Mt.  Fnion,  Judge  Gray, 
'53,  of  Iowa,  Bancroft,  '55,  Henderson,  '57,  Mansell,  '59. 
responded.  Judge  Derickson,  the  president  of  the  Alumni, 
gave  reminiscences  of  the  days  of  Timothy  Alden  and  the  first 
graduating  class. 

In  October  the  selection  for  the  i)residency  was  announced 
to  be  the  Rev.  George  Loomis,  I).  1).  He  was  chosen,  it  was 
said,  because  he  was  pre-eminently  an  educator,  familiar  with 
the  economy  and  the  operation  of  colleges.  He  was  to  come 
to  Meadville  with  plans  for  putting  Alleglieny  on  a  broader 
basis.  The  Board  of  Trustees  expected  liim  to  increase  the 
number  of  buildings,  improve  the  grounds,  enlarge  the  endow- 
ment and  promised  him  its  cordial  co-ojieration.  One  :iundred 
thousand  dollars  was  named  as  a  sum  tliat  should  be  secured, 
if  the  college  were  to  be  placed  on  a  substantial  basis. 

George  Loomis  was  born  June  30,  1S17.  at  Attica,  X.  Y. 
He  prepared  for  college  in  the  Genesee  Wesleyan  Seminary  at 
Lima,  N.  Y.,  earning  the  money  for  his  education.  He  was 
graduated  from  Wesleyan  T'niversity  in  Connecticut  in  1842, 
being  a  member  of  the  Delta  Kai)i)a  Epsilon  and  Phi  Beta 
Kappa  Societies.  He  was  called  1<»  Genesee  AYesleyan  at  once 
1<»  be  the  professor  of  natural  science.  In  1844,  he  became 
]>rincipal  of  the  seminary  and  after  three  years  of  nmrked 
success,  he  resigned  to  become  chaplain  of  the  American  Sea- 
man's Friend  Society  at  Canton,  China.  Here  he  did  a  highly 
important  work  organizing  ''Bethels". 

After  the  return  of  Dr.  Loomis  to  America  in  1852,  he  was 
elected  the  president  of  tlie  Wesleyan  Female  College  at  Wil- 

[   !•">   ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

miiigtoii.  Delaware,  the  most  ijromineut  iustitiitioii  then  ol 
the  kind  and  grade  under  the  patronage  of  the  Methodist 
Church.  Here  he  remained  six  prosperous  years,  l>ut  the 
Northern  sympathies  of  the  executive  led  him  to  offer  his 
resignation  as  the  discussions  in  the  border  States  over  the 
slavery  issue  became  more  acute. 

Dr.  Loomis  was  a  man  of  heroic  proportions,  standing  six 
feet  three  inches  in  height  and  of  robust  figure.  With  !iis  com- 
manding i>hysical  presence  went  a  deep,  sonorous  voice.  He 
was  powerful  and  eft'ective  in  pulpit  address.  His  travels  and 
experience  enabled  him  to  api)roach  all  ranks  of  men  with  ease. 
In  social  intercourse,  he  was  affable,  a  ready  and  interesting 
conversationalist.  As  a  son  of  Wesleyan  L'niversity,  he  was 
warmly  welcome<l  to  the  leadership  of  Allegheny.  IL'  had  a 
Avide  and  valuable  acquaintance  in  the  Methodist  denomina- 
tion. His  varied  (pialitications  fitted  him  in  an  eminent  degree 
for  his  new  responsibilities. 

The  new  presi<lent  was  inaugurated  on  Jan.  '22,  18(51.  in 
Central  Hall.  Judge  Derickson  ju'esided  and  gave  the  opening 
address  u^ton  the  influence  of  Allegheny  in  the  community, 
reviewing  the  jidministrations  of  Presidents  Alden,  Clark. 
lUiter  and  Barker.  He  then  delivered  the  keys  of  the  college 
1o  Dr.  Loomis  and  a<lministered  the  oath  prescribed  in  the 
charter.  Tlie  inangnral  address  was  a  discussion  of  edncation 
and  made  a  tine  impression.  Hon.  J.  AV.  Howe  next  in  his 
jieculiar  vein  urged  the  claims  of  Allegheny  upon  tin-  hearts 
and  pockets  of  the  citizens,  the  exercises  concluding  with  a 
(■((llection  in  whicli  tive  Trustees  ])le«lged  three  thousand  dol- 
lai-s.  Mcadville  liad  gi-own  to  a  jdace  of  4()t)()  ])eoi»le  and  the 
college  was  its  chief  ornamc-nt. 

Di*.  Loomis  gi-e\v  in  favor;  notwithstanding  the  extitement 
of  the  outbreak  of  the  Civil  War.  college  w<n-k  continued  as 
usmil.  Twelve  had  left  for  home,  three  to  the  south,  by  the 
middle  of  May.  Tlu'  next  month  saw  the  Allegheny  N'olunteers 
inarch  away  for  tliree  years'  service,  while  the  Seniors  in  the 
short  service  Meadville  A'olunteers  came  home  from  Camp 
Wilkins  to  receive  their  diplomas  with  their  class.  The  Com- 
mencement brought  many  alumni  Itack  and  there  was  much 
enthusiasm  for  the  college  and  its  executive.     The  journey  to 

[    1~'<5   ] 


HI8TOKV   OF  ALLEdilENY   (;()LLE(;E 

Moadvillo  froiii  a  distance  was  no  loiif^er  made  l»y  stage  coach. 
All  ex-studeiit  of  ISoO  came  fi-oni  J'ittshurjili  l)y  rail,  leaving 
at  1  a.  ni.  and  going  to  Cleveland,  then  to  (lirard  and  down  to 
Linesville.  a  distance  of  L'TO  miles,  at  a  cost  of  ><15.<>0.  The 
tinal  stretch  was  com})leted  by  stage.  Meadville  being  reached 
at  G  p.  ni.  In  another  year  the  Atlantic  and  (Jreat  Western 
was  able  to  supply  connections  l>oth  e;ist  and  west  of  the  town. 

The  financial  plans  were  pnslied  with  much  zeal.  The  Con- 
ferences took  special  collections  for  a  professorship  in  nuithe- 
niatics.  An  educational  anniversary  was  inaugurated.  Dr. 
Loomis  traveled  widely  and  learned  the  i)atronizing  territory. 
Additional  gifts  came  from  IMttsburgh.  .Judge  Chamberlain, 
who  had  made  Allegheny  a  beneticiary.  died,  and  the  will  went 
to  probate.  The  citizens  of  Mead\  ille  made  a  purse  and  bought 
five  acres  to  the  south  of  the  camjius.  ]>reserving  the  vie^v  of  the 
college  from  the  valley.  The  Trustees  were  alert  when  Con- 
gress passed  the  Land  (Irant  Act  foi-  colleges,  giving  agricul- 
tural instruction  and  petitioned  that  one-third  of  the  thirty 
tliousand  dollars  of  the  State  come  to  Allegheny. 

It  was  a  time  of  changes  in  the  Faculty.  I'rofessor 
Williams  marched  away  to  war  and  Dr.  Hamnett  was  chosen 
vice-president  in  his  place.  The  vacancy  in  natural  sciences 
was  filled  Aug.  1,  1862,  by  the  election  of  Jeremiah  Tiugley,  a 
graduate  of  Asbury  University,  who  had  been  teaching  at 
Baldwin  Institute.  James  Marvin,  '.51,  became,  in  l.SGli,  the 
])rofessor  of  mathematics,  having  taught  at  Alfre<l  Academy, 
New  York,  and  in  Ohio.  Alexander  Martin  resigned  two  years 
later  his  chair  of  Creek  and  was  succeeded  by  I'rofessor  A.  B. 
Hyde,  who  came  from  the  Cazenovia  Seminary.  At  this  time. 
Dr.  Loomis  was  invited  to  the  presidency  of  (Jenesee  College, 
but  the  Allegheny  Board  warmly  protested  against  his 
acceptance. 

However,  the  war  raging  between  North  and  South  brought 
inevitable  serious  confusion  and  loss  to  the  college.  The  sec- 
ond year  closed  with  an  attendance  of  one  hundred  an<l  fifty 
students,  but  an  epidemic  of  small-i)ox  nnide  it  necessary  to 
abandon  any  i)ublic  Commencement.  In  June,  180:5,  the 
invasion  of  tlie  State  by  Lee  ami  tlie  calling  out  of  volunteers 

[   1-"  ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

caused  the  graduating  exercises  to  be  postponed  until  August. 
F.  H.  Pierpont.  '39.  governor  of  Mrginia  and  the  new  AVest 
Virginia,  had  come  to  make  the  alumni  address,  and  spoke  to 
the  citizens  instead  of  the  college  body.  The  fall  term  opened 
with  eighty  on  the  Hill.  The  attendance  was  little  more  than 
half  the  enrollment  of  1800.  the  preparatory  department 
having  fallen  off  sharply.  Y'et  in  the  midst  of  this  decline, 
President  Loomis  was  optimistic  and  abounding  in  plans  for 
the  future  of  Allegheny. 


The  Campus  of  the  Seventies 


[  158  ] 


CIIAI*TKK    VI 

ALLEGHENY   IN   THE   CIVIL  WAR 

A'lOK  tlic  colk'jic  coiiiiimnity  in  the 
(liiys  of  1S()1  ran  the  tire  of  patri- 
otism (piite  as  liercely  as  in  otlier 
assemblies  of  men.  To  Allegheny, 
in  the  Fifties,  had  come  not  a  few 
yontlis  from  Louisiana,  Missis!*- 
i]>l»i,  Tennessee  and  Mrginia,  yet, 
as  the  political  lines  became  more 
sharjdy  drawn  in  the  nation  over 
the  slavery  issne,  the  college  halls 
were  in  the  main  free  from  sec- 
tional controversy.  The  boys  from 
the  Sonth  were  good  stndents, 
spirited  and  loyal  to  the  home- 
land. Rnt  the  tension,  after  the 
tiring  on  Ft.  Snmter,  became  ac- 
centnated  beyond  bonnds.  Rash 
words  were  spoken  about  the  cam- 
]»ns.  Bitter  recriminations  then 
followed  and  an  indignation  meet- 
ing of  the  Northern  stndents.  which  resnlted  in  a  committee  of 
three  with  K.  N.  Stnbbs,  '(5:^.  as  chairman. 

The  nltimatnm  was.  "Ketract,  or  leave  within  tweuty-fonr 
hours  for  yonr  homes".  The  Southern  blood  was  too  heated  to 
make  apology  and  President  Looniis  in  vain  urged  conciliation. 
AVithin  the  allotted  day.  the  grouj)  that  had  applauded  the 
attack  in  South  Carolina  bade  farewell  to  Meadville.  Right  on 
the  heels  of  tliis  ejtisode  came  the  flying  of  the  Stars  and 
Stripes  from  the  cu]>ola  of  Old  Bentley.  The  students  gath- 
ered in  force  on  Saturday  morning.  April  20,  and  James  E. 
Stubbs.  a  stalwart  six-footer,  bore  the  colors  over  the  roof  t{» 
the  top-most  point.     Then  the  door  to  the  tower  was  securely 

[   l-^«  ] 


HISTORY   OF  ALLEGHENY   COLLEGE 

barred,  .so  no  iinfrieiKlly  hand  could  remove  the  banner  of  the 
Xorth. 

The  flag  raising  brought  the  sentiment  of  the  college  to  tlie 
liighest  pitcli.  It  followed  irresistibly  that  on  the  same  after- 
noon the  boys  of  Allegheny  met  at  the  Court  House.  A  few 
addresses  were  made,  but  the  time  was  one  for  action.  1).  V. 
Dericksou,  as  brigade  inspector  of  the  First  Brigade,  20th  Div. 
P.  M.,  had  called  for  volunteers  under  the  proclamation  of 
(xovernor  Curtin.  The  first  to  inscribe  his  name  on  the  roster 
was  Alexander  Ashley  and  the  second,  Octavius  L.  Williams, 
son  of  Professor  Williams,  and  then  they  came  in  quick  suc- 
cession until  seventy-eight  of  Allegheny's  daring  sons  had 
enlisted  to  become  defenders  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  later  of  the  Union.  The  College  Company  orga- 
nized by  electing  Ira  Ayer.  Jr.,  of  Bufl'alo,  X.  Y.,  as  captain, 
Sion  B.  Smith  of  Alexandria,  Tenn..  first  lieutenant,  Oscar 
Henning.  the  instructor  in  German,  second  lieutenant,  George 
H.  Norris  of  Windsor,  O.,  third  lieutenant. 

A  great  rally  took  i)lace  Monday  night,  April  22,  in  rhe 
Court  House,  in  response  to  the  summons  throughout  the  com- 
munity of  ''To  arms,  to  arms  I"  Judge  David  Derickson,  '21. 
l)resided  and  resolutions  were  passed  calling  upon  all  citizens 
to  show  evidences  of  their  patriotism.  Tlie  newly  formed  Col- 
lege 'S'olunteers  sliared  the  i)raises  (►f  the  evening  with  an 
earlier  local  comj»any,  named  tlie  MeadviUe  X'olunteers,  which 
liad  been  gathering  reci-uits  for  a  few  days.  Tlie  week  jn-evious 
there  had  been  niglitly  jiatriotic  gatherings  in  the  town. 

This  first  company  had  enlisted  for  three  months.  Its 
officers  were  S.  B.  Dick,  '."iS,  cai)tain ;  (J.  H.  Bemus,  first 
lieutenant,  and  T.  K.  Kennedy,  T)."),  second  lieutenant.  J.  B. 
Compton,  '01,  and  S.  M.  Davis,  '01,  were  ]>rivates.  Orders  came 
to  them  on  April  2.")  to  jtrepare  for  innnediate  departure.  They 
Avent  into  camp  at  the  fair  gi-oumls  and  the  townsfolk  sub- 
scribe<l  ><;>,0()()  to  fit  them  out.  On  May  2,  the  Meadville  Volun- 
teers left  rui  Linesville  for  Cam]>  Wilkins,  but  the  first  call  of 
I'residcnt  Lincoln  for  To.OOO  men  had  been  met  before  the  com- 
pany i-eaclu'd  Pittsburgh.      It   remained   in   cam])  until   it   was 

r  100  1 


niSTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEd]-: 

pLaced  in  the  reniisylvania  Reserve  Corps,  forniiii<'-  Company 
E,  0th  Regiment. 

However  widely  the  ])eople  of  Pennsylvania  had  differed 
heretofore  on  qnestions  of  i)nl)li('  policy  and  in  reference  to 
])olitical  parties,  they  were  nnanimons  in  the  defense  of  the 
Union.  The  (piota  of  the  State  was  fonrteen  regiments,  bnt  in 
ten  days  after  the  i)roclamation  at  AVashington,  twenty-five 
regiments  with  arms,  accoutrements  and  i)erfect  organizations, 
numbering  20,079  men,  were  in  the  field.  On  April  IG,  1861, 
Major  General  R.  l*atterson,  commanding  Pennsylvania  troops 
at  Harper's  Ferry,  requested  Governor  Cnrtin  to  call  out 
twenty-five  additional  regiments  of  infantry  and  one  of  cavalry 
to  serve  three  months,  and  to  be  forthwith  mustered  into  the 
service  of  the  United  States. 

But  the  secretary  of  war,  at  last  realizing  the  seriousness  of 
the  impending  conflict,  decided  not  to  accept  any  more  com- 
panies enlisted  for  only  a  three  months'  period.  So,  on  April 
oO,  1861,  General  Patterson's  order  was  countermanded.  In 
response  to  this  call,  however,  companies  were  meanwhile  daily 
arriving  in  Harrisburg.  As  a  consequence,  on  the  second  of 
May,  a  committee,  Gideon  J.  Ball,  chairman,  reported  a  bill  to 
the  lower  house  of  the  State  Legislature,  which  provided  for 
the  organizing  of  a  military  corps  to  be  called  the  Reserve 
A^olunteer  Corps  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania. 

This  corps  was  to  be  composed  of  thirteen  regiments  of 
infantry,  one  of  cavalry,  and  one  of  light  artillery,  making 
fifteen  regiments  in  all,  which  were  to  l)e  enlisted  for  a  term  of 
three  years,  or  for  the  war,  or  until  dismissed,  for  the  defense 
of  the  State  until  such  time  as  the  United  States  Government 
should  call  for  them ;  then  to  be  mustered  into  the  United 
States  army  as  requisitions  from  time  to  time  should  be  made 
Hence  their  name.  Reserve  Cori)s;  though  later,  the  men  of 
these  regiments  claimed  they  deserved  their  names  because  the 
hardest  campaignings  of  the  war  and  the  most  scourging  bat- 
tles were  reserved  for  the  Reserve  Corps  of  the  diflerent  States. 
On  the  sixteenth  of  May  this  bill  was  passed,  and  the  call  for 
volunteers  Avas  sent  throughout  the  State. 

[    161    ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLE(;HP:XY   (M)LLK(}E 

The  Allegheny  Oollej^e  \'<)hniteei-s  were  not  so  i)roniptly  to 
move  in  the  direction  of  the  war.  More  than  a  month  was  to 
ela|>se  hefore  their  term   of  enlistment   was  to  be  arranged. 


Brijj.  Gen.  Ira  Ayer,  Jr. 

Bnl  whether  the  jx'riod  of  scrxice  was  to  he  hiief  or  hnig.  the 
loyalty  of  youth  made  no  rec  koiiing  of  time.  On  I""'riday,  A]»ril 
2('t,  the  ladies  of  MeadviUe  ]. resented  tlu>  comjtany  witli  a  Hag, 
among  whose  silver  stars  was  the   inscription,  "Oni*  Country 


IIISTOKY   OF  ALLi:(;iIENY   COLLEGE 

Forever."  Each  soldier  received  a  tiny  fiap,  of  silk  to  wear 
upon  liis  coat.  The  ceremony  was  witnessed  by  a  large  feath- 
ering of  friends.  The  weeks  were  spent  in  drilling,  with  occa- 
sional parades  on  Chestnut  street  to  display  the  martial  bear- 
ing of  the  men. 

Governor  Curtin,  on  May  24,  accepted  the  <()llege  company 
for  three  years'  service,  at  the  urgent  solicitations,  it  was  said, 
of  the  wife  of  Senator  D.  A.  Finney,  '40,  who  had  come  to  Har- 
risburg.  But  more  than  a  fortnight  of  preparation  ensued  while 
the  quota  of  the  conijtany  was  filled  by  a  score  and  more  of 
recruits  from  the  western  ])art  of  Crawford  county.  The  young 
soldiers  went  in  a  body,  on  June  2.  to  hear  ]*rof.  L.  I).  Williams 
preach  on  *'The  AVar  for  the  Fnion'',  taking  as  his  text  Titus 
3  :1.  The  Crawford  Journal  declared.  "No  finer  band  of  young 
men  has  gone  to  the  war  than  those  who  compose  the  college 
comi)any,  and  they  have  the  warmest  wishes  of  the  com- 
munity." Ira  Ayer,  Jr.,  though  an  underclassman,  was  experi- 
enced in  military  tactics  and  his  selection  to  lead  his  comrades 
was  a  wise  choice.  A  gentle  spirited  man  in  private  life,  on 
the  firing  line  he  was  the  incarnation  of  courage. 

But  finally  on  the  eleventh  of  June,  ISOl,  the  Allegheny 
College  Company,  later  known  ofiicially  as  Company  I,  30th 
Regiment,  10th  Reserve,  Pennsylvania  \'olunteers,  gathered  on 
the  campus  for  a  farewell  to  the  college  which  had  nurtured 
and  matured  them.  Addresses  of  ])atriotism,  loyalty  and  God- 
si)ee(l  to  Allegheny's  sons  were  ma<le  by  I'resident  Loomis,  as 
well  as  by  representatives  of  the  Faculty  and  of  the  townsmen. 
But  the  climax  of  the  farewell  was  the  presentation  by  Miss 
Hattie  Bain,  later  the  wife  of  Lieutenant  Alilton  lMieli)s.  of  a 
beautiful  fiag  to  the  college  company  from  the  ladies  of  Mead- 
ville.  who  were  already  organizing  themselves  for  "home  ser- 
vice" under  the  leadershi]»  of  Mrs.  Hannah  Moore  of  the  I'nited 
States  Sanitary  Commission.  The  ]>arting  injunction  of  Alle- 
gheny's president  was:  "Come  back  with  tlie  fiag,  boys,  or 
come  back  wrapped  in  its  folds.''  That  standard  is  one  of  the 
most  precious  treasures  of  the  c<dlege  today. 

These  exercises,  however,  can  best  be  related  by  quoting 
from  a  letter  written  by  Oclavius  Williams  to  John  A.  Stuntz 

[  1<J:>  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

—a  college  friend  aud  messmate :  "I  would  wliisk  some  of  the 
(hist  from  off  that  rememberer  of  yours  as  I  call  to  mind  the 
gatliering  upon  the  college  campus  when  the  ladies  (of  Mead- 
villei  presented  to  us  the  beautiful  Hag  with  its  thirty-four 
stars  aud  inscription,  'Semper  Fidelis'.  T  can't  give  you  the 
bill  of  fare,  as  spread  upon  the  tables,  but  you  will  admit  it 
was  rather  better  than  tlie  menu  at  T'ncle  Samuel's  hostelry 
— the  Gam])  Wilkins  Cafe,  which  a  few  days  later  became  our 
abode. 

"It  would  not  be  a  strain  upon  your  forgetter  to  recall  to 
mind  the  little  needle  books,  or  rolls,  supplied,  containing 
needles,  thread,  pins,  scissors,  etc.,  (Handy  Betties,  I  think 
they  called  them)  which  the  good  ladies  gave  us.  Oh  yes,  and 
there  was  another  contraption  which  they  supplied  us  with. 
Do  you  remember  the  white  nuislin  headgear — sort  of  a  white 
cap  arrangement  with  a  flap  to  protect  Mhe  ])oor  boys'  necks' 
from  the  rays  of  a  soutliern  sun  and  nmde  a  fellow  look  as 
though  he  had  got  his  shirt  on  wrong  end  up?  I  don't  thiidc 
those  night  caps — they  liad  some  French  name  for  them — ever 
got  further  south  than  Pittsburgh,  do  you?  Of  course  you 
remember  our  embarkation  on  the  canal  boat,  J.  I).  Gill,  having 
been  named  for  one  of  Meadville's  most  prominent  citizens, 
and  later  mayor  of  the  town,  witli  its  ski])per.  'Call'  Dickson, 
and  our  tirst  night  (mt,  with  tlie  lookout's  frequent  warning, 
'Low  bridge,  full  of  s])ikes'.  At  Evansburg,  Hartslown  and 
Sliermansville  our  craft  was  honored  with  an  anvil  salute.  It 
was  at  the  latter  ]»lace  we  were  treated  to  breakfast  and  a  last 
farewell  and  God-bless  yon  from  Crawford  County." 

The  local  ])ress  of  -luiie  IS  gave  its  version  of  the  dei)arture 
as  follo^^•s : 

The  Alleiilieiiy  College  Volunteers,  the  second  company  from  thii 
place,  left  for  Camp  Wright,  near  Pittsburgh,  on  Tuesday  evening  last 
per  canal  boat.  An  immense  crowd  of  citizens  of  both  sexes  and  all 
ages  assembled  upon  the  banks  of  the  canal  to  bid  them  adieu.  They 
were  as  tine  and  manly  a  set  of  young  soldiers  as  ever  started  tor  war, 
and  although  but  few  of  them  went  immediately  from  our  midst,  tliey 
had  won  largely  upon  the  public  sympathy,  and  the  scene  of  their 
departure  was  most  affecting. 

The   line    was   formed    about   seven    and   one   half  o'clock    upon   the 

[    1^!+    1 


HisToin'  OF  allp:(jiij:xv  colle(ik 

towing  path,  and  as  the  roll  was  called,  the  men  stepped  upon  the  boat. 
Each  man  was  presented,  as  he  stepped  on  board,  with  a  "Havelock'- 
by  some  of  our  patriotic  young  ladies,  whose  earnest  zeal  in  providing 
for  their  comfort  the  volunteers  will  not  soon  forget.  They  were  alsj 
each  presented  with  a  copy  of  the  New  Testament  by  the  Misses  Mc- 
Farland  and  Ellis — a  gift  from  a  few  of  the  ladies — which  were  thank- 
fully received.  The  occasion  was  enlivened  with  music  by  the  Cornel 
Band,  and  an  occasional  national  song  from  the  young  ladies,  which  rose 
up  clearly  and  beautifully  in  the  still  evening  air. 

At  about  eight  and  one  quarter  o'clock  the  boat  weighed  anchor  and 
the  gallant  company  gradually  moved  out  of  sight,  amid  the  cheers  of 
the  spectators,  which  were  lustily  returned  from  the  boat.  The  earnest 
prayers  of  the  good  people  of  Meadville  follow  the  young  men  in  the 
noble  mission  upon  which  they  have  gone. 

The  form  of  transportation  was  not  rapid,  bnt  it  was  sure, 
and  after  three  days  the  destination  was  reached.  This  march 
by  canal  boat  was  largely  a  triumphal  procession.  Every  town 
along  the  route  strove  to  do  honor  to  the  young  soldiers  and 
war  in  anticipation  was  one  long  holiday.  On  the  morning  on 
the  twelfth  of  June  at  six  o'clock  the  company  left  "the  raging 
canal"  for  a  hike  of  a  mile  to  breakfast  at  Sherman's  Corners. 
At  Hartstown,  a  bevy  of  twent}'  young  ladies  came  on  the  boat 
and  rode  to  the  next  lock.  At  Greenville,  a  mile  from  town, 
the  local  brass  band  met  the  college  recruits  and  escorted  them 
to  supper  and  addresses  by  the  pastors  of  the  place.  By  night 
to  Sharon,  the  second  day  brought  more  dining,  speeches  and 
patriotic  songs  by  the  ladies.  At  Middlesex,  the  private  homes 
welcomed  the  Allegheny  boys  to  their  hospitality  and  a  gath- 
ering of  a  tliousand  loyalists  cheered  them  off  on  their  boat 
again.  From  New  Castle  to  Camp  AYilkins  the  journey  was 
rapid  and  uneventful. 

This  camp  was  on  the  fair  grounds,  east  of  Pittsburgh,  and 
many  other  companies  were  assend)led  here  before  the  second 
Meadville  company  arrived.  Of  the  three  regiments  camping 
at  Wilkins  by  June  lirst,  a  student  member  of  the  ^Meadville 
^'olunteers  wrote  home,  "There  are  some  l)oys  who  attended 
Allegheny  in  nearly  every  company  on  the  grounds,  and  we 
have  great  delight  in  talking  over  college  days."  Soon  the  Col- 
lege Volunteers  lost  in  a  measure  tlieir  identity  by  being 
merged,  on  June  20,  into  the  Thirty-ninth   Regiment,   Tenth 

[  n*-"*  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

Reserve,  commonly  known  as  the  10th  Regiment,  P.  R.  X.  C. 
The  regimental  officers  were  Col.  John  S.  McCalmont,  '40,  of 
the  regular  army.  James  T.  Kirk,  lieutenant  colonel,  and  Har- 
rison Allen,  major.  The  Allegheny  group  was  made  Com])any  I. 
Jefferson  College  furnished  Company  D  of  the  same  regiment. 
The  barracks  at  Camp  Wilkius  were  originally  built  and 
used   for   the  Allegheny   County   Fair.      The   buildings   were 
simply  rough  wooden  structures.     ^>talls,  pens  and  sties  were 
fitted  up  along  the  sides  with  boards  two  or  three  feet  wide, 
and  upon  these  the  boys  slept.     Of  these  stoic  couches  one  of 
the  boys  writes.  "I  never  before  realized  just  how  hard  a  plank 
was.  or  how  sharp  were  bones  until  I  had  occupied  one  of  these 
bunks  for  a  couple  of  nights.     I  imagine  the  soldiers  of  today 
would  set  up  a  mighty  protest  if  they  were  turned  into  such  an 
enclosure  like  animals,  with  no  more  than  we  had,  and  told  to 
make  tliemselves  comfortable !     But  disagreeable  as  were  our 
surroundings,  what  a   paradise  we  would   have  struck   if  in 
March,  1862.  wlien  moving  from  Hunters'  Mills  to  Alexandria, 
we  could  have  turned  into  such  a  structure.     It  was  here  that 
we  began  to  cut  our  eye  teeth  and  to  thoroughly  comprehend 
the  difference  between  home  comforts  and  the  uncomfortable 
things  of  a  military  camp,  between   the  meals  our  mothers 
served,  yes,  and  the  ones  Old  Allegheny  provided,  and  the  fare 
of  a  soldier. 

"After  we  had  each  drawn  a  tin  plate,  a  knife,  a  fork,  a 
large  and  a  small  spoon,  and  a  tin  cup.  we  were  ready  for  our 
several  portions  of  hard  tack,  salt  pork,  beans,  coffee  and 
sugar,  with  occasionally  corned  beef  instead  of  salt  pork.  'Em- 
balmed beef,  which  we  hear  so  much  about  now-a-days.  had 
not  yet  been  discovered.  After  a  few  days,  we  were  more  accus- 
tome<l  to  the  ways  of  camp  life,  had  a  company  cook,  and  were 
occasionally  treated  to  such  luxui-ies  and  delicacies  as  fresh 
beef,  jtotatoes,  bean  or  vegetable  souj),  aiul  soft  bread,  as 
bakers'  bread  was  called  lo  distinguish  it  from  hard  tack. 
Furthermore,  either  the  jjlanks  we  sh'pt  on  grew  mellowed 
somewhat,  or  the  sharp  ])oin1s  <»f  our  hip  bones  must  have  be- 
(jnie  rounded  off,  for  it  was  not  long  before  we  could  lie  down 
and  sleep  C(»mforfal>1y  any  ]»lace." 

I    i(;o  1 


niSTOKV  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

O.  Ij.  Williams,  who  kept  a  diary  during  his  enlistment,  and 
until  he  was  discharged  because  of  wounds  in  the  second  year, 
wrote  of  the  boys  in  this  camp,  after  re-reading  in  later  years 
his  entries  for  those  days,  *'I  often  wonder  if  any  of  the  sur- 
vivors of  that  original  company  have  ever,  in  mind,  compared 
that  undrilled,  ununiformed  and  intensely  unsophisticated  lot 
of  boys  with  their  camp  equipage,  consisting  principally  of 
bundles  of  clothes,  bed  blankets,  and  patchwork  quilts,  with 
the  thoroughly  drilled,  uniformed  and  equipped  State  and  Na- 
tional Guard  which  every  State  in  the  Union  can  now  muster 
in  less  than  twenty-four  hours'  notice?  Was  there  ever  so 
green  a  lot  of  soldiers  as  we  were,  who  made  up  the  bulk  of 
the  forces  that  rallied  to  the  support  of  Father  Abraham? 

''It  would  be  utterly  impossible  to  again  muster  such  a  lot 
of  greenhorns,  because  every  school  boy  now  knows  a  little 
something  about  military  drill,  while  we  actually  did  not  know 
the  meaning  of  'right  and  left  face'  when  we  tirst  subscribed 
our  names  to  the  college  company's  roll.  Still  we  were  as  well 
schooled  in  military  tactics  as  most  of  the  volunteers,  and  'reg- 
ulars' were  almost  unknown  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  to 
which  we  were  assigned.  Indeed,  the  passing  of  a  company  of 
regulars  would  attract  almost  as  much  attention  as  a  circus. 

"We  will  seek  in  vain  for  any  satisfactory  reason  why  such 
a  vast  throng  of  the  rawest  kind  of  raw  recruits  that  filled 
Camp  Wilkins  should  offer  their  services  and  propose  to  stand 
between  their  Union  and  its  enemies,  except  on  the  ground  of 
genuine  love  and  highest  loyalty — nothing  short  of  the  most 
intense,  patriotic  impulses.  I  can  compare  it  to  nothing  but 
the  response  of  Isaiah,  'Here  am  I,  Lord,  send  me',  when  in  his 
vision  he  heard  his  Lord  say,  'AVhom  shall  I  send  and  who  will 
go  for  us  ?'  " 

When  the  Allegheny  Company  reached  Camp  Wilkins,  it 
was  in  a  filthy  condition,  rations  were  poor  and  irregular  and 
conseipiently  much  sickness  prevailed.  But  under  the  ener- 
getic efforts  of  the  commandant.  Colonel  Hays,  '40,  it  was  soon 
made  clean,  the  food  became  wholesome.  i)lentiful  and  regular, 
so  that  the  cam])  quickly  attained  a  militai'v  a]>])earance.  Here, 
too,  C()ni])any  I's  ranks  were  augmented  by  transfers  so  as  to 

[    Kh    ] 


HIlrsTOKY   OF  ALLEGHENY   COLLEGE 

make  up  its  full  quota  of  men — though  none  of  the  Allegheny 
boys  were  transferred  at  that  time,  so  that  they  might  keep 
their  identity  as  Allegheny  Gollege's  representation  in  the 
northern  army.  Alexander  Ashley  wrote  to  Meadville  of  his 
impressions  as  follows:  "I  like  the  Tenth  Itegiment ,  there  are 
more  God-fearing  men  in  it  than  in  others,  ("amp  life  abounds 
in  swearing,  obscenity  and  gambling,  but  our  chaplain.  Rev.  J. 
M.  Green,  of  the  Erie  Conference,  is  an  energetic  lea<ler.  He  is 
holding  religious  services  and  our  Allegheny  boys  are  active." 

On  July  1,  they  moved  twelve  miles  up  the  river  to  Camp 
Wright,  and  on  the  eighteenth  left  for  Cumberland,  Md.,  but 
before  reaching  Boiling  Springs,  a  few  miles  from  Hoijewell, 
orders  were  received  to  countermarch  and  report  to  Harris- 
burg,  there  to  be  mustered  into  the  United  States  Army  for 
three  years'  service,  on  the  twenty-tirst  of  July,  1861,  the  day 
the  disastrous  battle  of  Bull  Bun  was  fought.  On  the  night  of 
the  twenty-second,  the  Tenth  started  for  Washington,  going 
first  by  rail  to  Baltimore.  Here  they  camped  by  the  station  for 
a  few  hours  on  the  twenty-third,  where  they  were  met  by  a 
much  flustered  city  police  force,  warning  them  of  the  possibility 
of  being  attacked  in  the  streets,  as  the  Sixth  Massachusetts 
liad  been  by  a  mob  of  angry  secessionists  a  few  weeks  iiefore,  if 
they  attempted  to  march  through  the  city. 

But  Colonel  McCalmont,  declining  to  entertain  any  such  a 
proposition,  ordered  the  distribution  of  twenty  rounds  of  shot 
and  then  with  the  significant  order,  "Fix  bayonets,  route  step, 
march",  led  his  men  directly  through  the  city  unmolested,  with 
bands  playing  and  flags  waving.  It  was  on  this  march  that  the 
regiment  secured  its  mascot  in  the  shajx'  of  a  little  darkey  boy 
who.  attracted  by  the  martial  music  and  the  sound  of  tramping 
feet,  fell  into  stej>  at  the  head  of  the  column.  When  they  broke 
ranks,  he  made  himself  so  useful  in  liobling  horses,  finding 
tools,  pegging  tents,  etc..  that  he  was  allowed  to  accompany  the 
men.  witli  whom  he  was  a  great  favorite,  during  their  long  and 
arduous  <-ampaigning  extending  over  tlii-ee  years.  They  never 
knew  any  other  name  for  him  than  that  of  'lialt iinore',  with 
which  the  soldiers  christened  him. 

The   ti-oo]>s   Itivoucked   on    the   common    south    of   the  city. 

[    KIS  ] 


HISTOKV  OF  ALLKOIIE>'Y  COLLE(JK 

Here  they  sjjent  the  uight,  and  on  the  twenty-fonrth  moved  on 
to  Washington,  arriving  there  tlie  following  day,  and  encamped 
witliin  a  mile  of  the  Capitol.  In  September,  Company  I  was 
assigned  to  picket  duty  at  (Jreat  Falls,  on  the  I'otomac  River, 
being  retained  in  Tenallytown  a  week  for  drill  and  review  by 
General  McCall,  who  pronounced  the  regiment  in  excellent  war 
trim  and  assigned  them  to  the  third  brigade  of  the  Army  of 
the  Potomac,  Brigadier  General  E.  O.  C.  Ord,  commanding. 

The  division  was  assembled  Sept.  10th  on  the  parade  ground 
for  review  and  each  regiment  was  presented  with  a  handsome 
flag  by  Governor  Curtin,  who  was  accompanied  by  President 
Lincoln,  General  McCall,  General  McClellan,  General  Butler, 
Secretary  of  War  Cameron  and  their  several  staffs.  Thousands 
of  people  from  Washington  and  the  surrounding  country,  in 
carriages  and  on  foot,  were  present  to  witness  the  presentation. 
The  flags  were  the  gift  of  the  Society  of  Cincinnati,  the  des- 
cendants of  "Heroes  and  Sages  of  the  Bevolution." 

On  October  10,  Company  I  with  the  Reserves'  regiment 
was  ordered  across  into  Virginia  to  assist  in  keeping  ''all  quiet 
along  the  I'otomac",  so  that  their  left  wing  connected  with 
(leneral  Smith's  division.  Their  baptism  of  fire  came  on  De- 
cember 10  at  the  battle  of  Dranesville.  The  Third  brigade, 
composed  of  four  regiments  and  the  "Bucktails"  (First  Rifles) 
drove  the  enemy  in  confusion  from  the  field,  the  first  victory  of 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  One  of  the  college  boys,  in  his 
memoirs,  thus  describes  the  engagement: 

''The  10th  regiment  had  come  to  a  halt.  General  Ord  was 
w^ith  Eastman's  battery,  which  was  posted  beside  a  small  white 
church,  perhaps  a  fourth  of  a  mile  west  of  where  our  regiment 
stood.  Colonel  McCalmont,  knowing  we  were  likely  to  run  into 
trouble,  was  instructing  the  officers  and  men  in  the  formation 
of  square  by  platoons  of  companies  to  resist  cavalry,  a  move- 
ment we  had  never  before  practiced.  Presently  from  away  on 
our  left  through  the  woods  came  sounds  as  of  picket  firing,  and 
a  few  minutes  later  the  captain  of  Company  A  of  the  Bucktail 
regiment  came  lunging  through  tlie  woods  as  though  the  canni- 
bals were  after  him  and  shouted  to  our  commander,  'Colonel, 
the  pickets  are  driven  in  and  the  Buoktails  are  attacked'.    The 

[   100  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

Colonel  replied,  'That's  nothing  to  me;  go  to  the  general  with 
it.'  The  last  we  saw  of  the  captain  he  was  fairly  flying  up  the 
road  towards  the  battery. 

"He  had  time  to  get  scarcely  half  way  there  when  the  bat- 
tery limbered  up  and  wheeled  into  the  road,  and  with  General 
Ord  riding  beside  it,  the  horses  came  back  down  the  rough  cob- 
blestone pavement  at  a  gallop,  making  enough  racket  to  waken 
an  Egyptian  mummy.  The  general  called  to  us,  "Men,  make  a 
flank  movement  and  let  the  battery  through.'  In  an  instant  we 
were  in  the  ditch  and  the  horses  dashed  forward  at  their  utmost 
speed,  the  gunners  clinging  to  their  jjositions  as  the  wagons 
bounded  over  the  stones,  like  monkeys  clinging  to  circus  ponies. 
I  remember  the  order  given  the  colonel  as  they  galloped  by  as 
though  it  were  but  yesterday — for  this  was  our  first  engage- 
ment. Without  slacking  his  pace,  with  visor  upturned  as 
usual,  and  mustache  more  bristling  than  ever,  the  general 
turned  in  his  saddle  and  said,  'Colonel,  march  your  men  to  sup- 
port this  battery',  and  on  they  sped.  Colonel  McCalmont  im- 
mediately brought  'Old  Bobtail'  to  an  about  face  and  straight- 
ening himself  up,  gave  in  his  deep  stentorian  voice  the  com- 
mand,'Ba — tal — lion.  At — ten — tionl  Right — face!  Forward 
— double  quick — March  I' 

"We  followed  the  battery  but  a  short  distance,  perhaps 
thirty  or  forty  rods,  when,  on  account  of  the  bend  in  the  road, 
the  colonel,  to  make  a  crosscut,  ordered  the  i)ioneers  with  their 
axes  to  knock  down  a  length  of  fence  and  we  flk^d  to  the  left 
across  the  field.  Up  to  this  time  our  colors  were  rolled  up  and 
sheath  drawn  over  them.  We  were  about  half  way  across  the 
field,  when  the  color  bearer  pulled  off  its  covering  and  unrolled 
the  flag,  and  scarcely  had  it  straightened  in  the  breeze  when  a 
rebel  shell  came  screaming  over  our  heads  and  burst  away  off 
on  our  left,  and  though  tlie  shell  passed  probably  seventy-five 
or  a  liundred  feet  over  our  heads,  I  never  before  or  since  saw 
such  dodging.  Scarcely  an  officer  or  man  in  Ihe  regiment  failed 
to  iiinke  a  very  low  bow  on  introduction  to  tliat  first  shell.  AVe 
liad  not  yet  learned  that  the  balls  one  hears,  or  sees,  are  the 
ones  he  may  laugh  at. 

"The  batt<M'v  was  {piickly  planted  on  a  knoll  and  began  to 

[  no  ] 


Hlt^TORY  OF  ALLICGHEXY  COLLEGE 

respond  briskly  to  the  Confederate  guns.  We  took  a  position 
directly  behind  the  guns,  and  while  we  were  nominally  support 
ing  the  battery,  that  knoll  was  supporting  us.  From  our  posi- 
tion we  could  not  see  what  was  going  on  in  front,  though  we 
could  hear  the  terrible  musketry  firing  by  the  9th  Regiment 
close  by,  and  twice  or  thrice  Colonel  McCalmont,  now  on  foot, 
came  back  from  a  position  where  he  could  observe  what  was 
going  on,  and  informed  us  that  Stuart's  Black  Horse  Cavalry 
was  about  to  charge  on  the  battery,  but  thanks  to  the  marks- 
manship of  our  gunners,  a  ball  struck  one  of  the  Confederate 
caissons  and  blew  it  up,  killing  nearly  all  the  gunners,  a  num- 
ber of  their  horses  and  scattering  the  cavalry,  brought  the  en- 
gagement to  a  speedy  termination,  the  enemy  beating  a  hasty 
retreat.  The  federal  loss  was  eight  killed  and  sixty-tour 
Avounded,  though  none  of  the  Company  I  boys  figured  in  the 
casualties." 

Early  in  March,  18G2,  when  the  grand  forward  movement  of 
the  army  was  made,  the  Tenth  marched  to  Hunter's  Mills  and 
after  a  day  of  picket  duty,  on  to  Alexandria.  Shortly  after,  the 
Reserves  marched  through  Fairfax  and  Centreville  (where  the 
wooden  guns  were  still  in  position)  on  to  Manassas  Junction. 
Thence  they  went  to  Catlett's  Station  and  across  country  to 
Fredericksburg.  About  this  time.  Colonel  ^IcCalmont  resigned 
and  was  succeeded  by  Lieutenant  Colonel  Kirk  over  the  regi- 
ment. The  division  was  sent  by  water  to  the  I'eninsula,  and  on 
the  14th  of  June  was  attached  to  I'orter's  Corps  and  held  the 
right  of  the  line  near  Mechanicsville.  Now  Company  I  was 
thrown  forward  as  skirmishers,  holding  the  left  bank  of  the 
Chickahominy  River,  and  Gaines  Mills,  where  the  college  com- 
pany received  its  first  scourging  and  was  greatly  reduced  in 
numbers. 

At  Gaines  Mills  was  a  small  stream,  with  a  deep  channel, 
approached  by  a  wooded  slope  on  the  left  bank.  Behind  this 
were  level  fields.  General  McCall  drew  his  troops  up  in  three 
lines  in  the  woods,  replacing  the  first  line  with  the  second, 
while  the  first  recu])erated,  Ihe  second  with  the  third,  then  the 
third  with  a  fresh  line  I'eformed  from  the  survivors  of  the  first 
and  second  lines;  while  he  had  his  artillery  ]»laced  behind  in 

[   ITl    ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

the  level  fields  and  which  he  did  not  intend  to  use  until  his 
anny  had  been  driven  back  out  of  the  Avoods  by  the  enemy. 

The  Allegheny  Company  was  first  ordered  to  the  left,  where 
the  firing  from  the  enemy's  guns  was  terrific,  and  from  where  it 
proved  impossible  to  return.  Many  fell  here.  Then  the  order 
came  to  charge.  Doavu  the  slojie  into  the  ravine,  up  the  other 
side — where  they  were  safer  as  the  artillery  was  fired  over  their 
heads — to  the  brow  of  the  hill,  clearing  the  woods  of  the  enemy 
and  holding  their  advanced  position  despite  the  frequent  and 
desperate  attempts  of  the  rebels  to  dislodge  them,  until  night- 
fall when  they  with  the  whole  brigade  were  withdrawn  across 
the  Chickahominy.  Company  I  lost  six  killed,  three  missing 
(probably  killed  i  and  seventeen  wounded  in  this  engagement. 
Those  killed  were  King,  Wright,  J.  AV.  Wikoft",  Church,  Bole 
and  Pier. 

After  crossing  the  Chickahominy  during  the  uight,  the 
wounded  were  remove<l  to  the  field  hospital  and  the  company 
found  its  division  at  Charles  City  Cross  Roads.  Of  this  with- 
drawal, Captain  Ayer  wrote  thus,  "I  think  I  have  never  seen 
examples  of  greater  endurance  than  exhibited  upon  the  part  of 
the  wounded  in  this  retreat  across  the  Chickahominy.  Satur- 
day they  were  lying  all  day  at  the  hospital  with  little  or  no 
attention.  The  weather  was  exceedingly  warm.  Sunday  they 
marched  all  day  through  a  sweltering  sun,  resting  perhaps 
two  hours  in  the  middle  of  the  day.  The  garments  of  many 
of  them  were  stitt"  with  blood.  They  had  no  nourishing  food. 
Their  wounds  had  simply  been  bound  up  with  no  further 
attention,  and  they  were  already  much  annoyed  with  worms. 

''Still  there  was  no  murmur.  All  endure<l  cheerfully. 
Toward  evening  the  wounded  men  passed  through  a  field  in 
which  there  were  a  nund)er  of  slieep,  when  Sergeant  Hollister. 
notwithstanding  that  his  arm  was  so  shattered  as  afterwards 
to  rwiuire  amputation,  took  his  rev(dver  and  in  company  with 
others,  after  a  hard  chase,  succeeded  in  bringing  one  of  them 
down.  Having  detaile(l  (Mie,  of  my  men  to  help  them  along,  he 
made  a  good  k<'ltle  of  mutton  broth,  of  wiiich  they  all  ])artook 
and  were  much  invigorated." 

But   they  had  need  of  nil   their  strengtli.  foi-  they  i-eaclied 

[    IT--'   1 


lIIt^TORV   OF  ALLEGHKNV   COIJ.EdE 

C'liarles  City  Cross  Ifoads  just  in  tiiiio  for  tlio  liard  battle  wliicli 
occurred  there,  quickly  followed  by  a  tenaciously  contested 
tij;lit  at  Malvern  Hill,  in  wliicli  the  College  Company  was  nsed 
as  Reserves,  on  account  of  their  exhaustion,  and  while  not 
actually  engaged,  yet  were  ])resent,  and  retained  on  the  battle 
Held.  The  account  of  the  I'eninsular  campaign,  as  given  in 
a  letter  written  at  Harrison's  Landing,  July  -1,  )8G2,  by 
(Jeorge  Norris,  'Gl,  quartermaster  of  the  10th  Kegiment,  has 
many  thrilling  passages: 

'i  feel  that  I  am  unable  to  give  you  a  detailed  account  of  the  Seven 
Days'  battle  before  Richmond.  After  our  arrival,  hardly  a  day  passed 
without  our  being  under  arms.  Almost  perfect  quiet  reigned  through 
our  Camp — the  sound  of  the  fife,  the  drum  and  the  bugle  was  not  as 
formerly  heard.  The  sharp  crack  of  the  picket's  rifle  and  sometimes 
skirmishing  along  our  lines,  with  an  occasional  boom  of  a  big  gun  from 
either  side,  its  whiz-whizzing  sound,  exploding  of  the  shell,  etc.,  was  all 
that  broke  the  stillness — the  solemn  stillness  that  boded  the  coming  of 
storm.  We  were  not  allowed  to  have  large  fires  in  daytime,  and  none  at 
ail  at  night,  as  this  would  have  exposed  us  to  the  shot  and  shell  of  the 
enemy. 

At  noon,  Thursday,  June  26,  we  received  orders  to  be  ready  to 
march  at  a  moment's  notice  to  the  rear  of  Woodbury  Bridge  (over  the 
Chickahominy).  About  4  p.  m.,  crack!  crack!  went  the  pickets'  rifles, 
then  volleys  of  musketry  and  within  ten  minutes,  our  four  batteries  were 
planted  and  hurling  their  deadly  missiles  at  the  foe.  The  battle  thus 
begun  at  Mechanicsville  raged  till  ten  o'clock.  Seven  batteries  of 
artillery  reinforced  us  and  the  roar  of  the  conflict  surpassed  tlie  greatest 
storm  you  ever  heard.  The  flash  from  the  cannon  was  like  the  light- 
ning's glare.  Thei  enemy  charged  our  batteries  and  rifle  pits  again  and 
again,  but  were  promptly  met  every  time  with  a  perfect  shower  of  lead, 
cannister  and  grape,  which  swept  them  down  as  the  autumnal  winds 
sweep  the  forests  of  their  covering,  literally  piling  them  in  heaps. 

At  Gaines  Mills,  the  fight  began  at  noon.  Neither  side  gained  any 
ground  until  about  six  o'clock  in  the  evening  when  the  Rebels,  being 
heavily  reinforced,  and  our  men  done  out  by  long  lighting,  drove  our 
troops  from  the  woods  on  the  left  and  charged  upon  our  batteries.  Just 
at  this  juncture,  cheer  after  cheer  came  up  from  the  direction  of  Wood- 
bury Bridge,  and  in  a  few  moments  1  learned  that  the  famous  Irish 
Brigade  was  hastening  to  our  relief.  With  a  shout  for  'Ould  Ireland  and 
America  forever',  they  charged,  drove  back  the  foe  and  retook  the 
ground  lost  previously.  In  this  battle  our  company  (1)  had  the  greatest 
loss  of  any  one  company  in  the  Tenth. 

[    l"-^>    ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

At  daylight,  the  next  day,  we  received  orders  to  about  face  and  move 
towards  the  James  river.  We  proceeded  to  Charles  City  Cross  Roads, 
where  we  lay  down  in  line  of  battle  for  the  night.  No  tires  were  allowed, 
nor  noises  of  any  kind.  The  same  deathlike  stillness  prevailed  tonight 
as  that  of  last  night,  and  the  same  ominous  signal  lights  were  occasion- 
ally seen.  On  such  occasions,  a  feeling,  not  of  dread  or  fear,  but  of  awe 
stole  over  me.  The  enemy  came  up  about  noon  and  the  Tight  com- 
menced, the  Rebels  getting  an  awful  drubbing,  after  which  our  troops 
fell  back  to  Savage  Station,  and  again  awaited  the  enemy.  Here  the 
contest  was  more  equal  than  in  the  morning,  but  after  some  pretty  sharp 
fighting,  the  enemy  was  again  repulsed.  After  the  fight  of  June  30th, 
our  forces  fell  back  to  Malvern  Hill  which  is  near  to  Turkey  Island  bend 
in  the  James  river. 

Here  our  troops  were  soon  drawn  up  in  line  of  battle  and  notwith- 
standing the  circumstances  of  our  having  but  little  sleep  for  five  con- 
secutive nights  and  being  very  weary  from  our  great  labors  during  as 
many  days,  yet  we  eagerly  awaited  the  coming  of  the  foe.  In  a  short 
time  General  .McClellan  rode  along  our  lines;  cheer  after  cheer  of  tens  of 
thousands  rent  the  air,  bands  were  playing,  and  all  felt  again  strong  to 
do  and  dare  for  the  cause  of  his  beloved  country.  .McClellan  in  person 
formed  our  heavy  lines.  At  three  the  light  started  fiercely.  Three 
times  the  foe  tried  to  break  our  lines  and  drive  us  back,  but  each  time 
was  repulsed  with  great  slaughter." 

After  the  battle  of  Malvern  Hill,  the  third  brigade  went  to 
Harrison's  Landing.  Here  Major  Sion  B.  Smith,  formerly  of 
Company  I,  resigned  and  was  succeeded  by  ('aptain  Knox  of 
Company  E.  The  Tenth  was  the  last  regiment  to  end»ark  in  the 
transfer  from  the  James  to  the  Rappahannock  and  on  August 
11  it  advanced  to  Belle  Plain  and  on  to  Manassas,  where  it 
joined  General  Pope,  being  tlie  first  contingent  from  the  Army 
of  the  I'otomac  to  report  for  duty.  The  Reserves  fought  in  the 
second  Bull  Run,  and  on  Aug.  21)  several  feints  were  made  by 
them  witli  a  view  of  drawing  off  the  enemy  fi-om  other  ])()ints  of 
attack.  Late  in  the  evening  they  were  shelled  by  theii-  loes.  I)iit 
were  removed  and  sent  out  on  i>icket  <luty.  Captain  Ayer  hav- 
ing charge  of  the  line.  On  the  .''.Oth,  the  Tenth  was  posted  on 
tlie  extreme  left,  where  a  heavy  attack  fell  late  in  tlie  d:iy.  The 
men  fought  bravely,  suffering  severe  loss.  Itut  liad  to  fall  back 
l)efor('  the  supei-ior  force. 

Crossing  into  Maryhuid,  at  the  battle  of  South  Mountain. 
Sept.    14.   the  division   succecflcd    in   gaining   tlie   crest    of   the 

[   1T4   ] 


UISTOKV  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLE(JE 

ridge,  thereby  turning;  tlie  enemy's  flank  and  capturing'  many 
prisoners.  The  Reserves  again  led  tlie  advance  two  (hiys  later 
and  opened  the  great  battle  of  Antietam.  It  fell  to  the  lot  of 
the  college  boys  to  help  in  the  sjtecial  detail  made  by  (General 
Hooker  to  prevent  the  enemy  from  turning  the  right  flank  of 
the  Union  army.  I^y  daring  work  in  the  corn  field  in  the  region 
of  the  Dnnkard  church,  the  entire  rebel  movement  was  halted 
and  deflected.  Colonel  AVarner  of  the  Tenth  was  severely 
wounded  in  the  action.  He  was  especially  i)raise(l  in  the  offi- 
cial report  of  General  Meade  for  his  efficiency.  Captain  Ayer 
of  Company  I  was  })romoted  to  be  major  of  the  regiment. 

In  the  following  operations  about  FreMlericksburg,  the 
Tenth,  on  Dec.  10th,  was  at  the  liapijahannock,  three  miles 
below  the  town,  where  two  pontoon  bridges  were  laid  and  a 
crossing  eft'ected.  On  the  13th,  it  joined  in  the  attack  under  a 
destructive  fire  of  musketry  and  artillery,  which  carried  the 
rebel  entrenchments.  But  su])port  being  lacking,  the  division 
was  forced  to  retire  with  heavy  loss.  Before  cover  was 
reached,  Edward  Henderson,  W.  S.  Rose  and  Dick  AVilson  of 
Company  I  were  captured  and  sent  to  Libby  prison  in  Rich- 
mond. While  the  Reserves  were  recuperating,  the  battle  of 
Chancellorsville  was  fought,  the  only  engagement  of  the  Army 
of  the  I*otomac  in  which  the  Allegheny  company  had  no  part. 

The  regiment,  in  command  of  Major  Ayer,  joined  in  the 
toilsome  but  fruitless  attem])t  of  Burnside  to  again  oft'er  battle, 
but  soon  was  ordered  to  the  defences  of  AA'ashington  to  rest  and 
recruit.  Some  companies  were  so  reduced  by  constant  service 
as  to  be  able  to  muster  only  four  or  five  men  for  parole  and 
these  without  a  commissioned  officer  or  sergeant.  They  re- 
mained on  East  Capitol  Hill  until  June  1st,  when  they  returned 
to  T^])ton  Hill.  Now  recovered  from  their  wounds,  the  bronzed 
and  weather-beaten  veterans  would  never  have  been  recognized 
as  the  novices  who  made  their  entrance  upon  the  tragic  scene 
in  1801. 

But  at  T'pton  Hill  couriers  awaited  them,  announcing  that 
the  armies  of  both  the  north  and  the  soutli  were  hurrying  by 
forced  marches  to  Gettysburg — as  the  outcome  of  the  en- 
counter probably  de])ended    u]»()n    who   first   rc^ached    the   field 

[   1T'>  ] 


Hli^TOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

and  thus  secured  the  most  advantageous  stand  for  the  im- 
l>ending-  mighty  conflict.  For  the  tirst  time  since  their  muster 
in  as  a  reserve  corps  for  the  defense  of  the  Commonwealth  of 
Pennsylvania,  after  nearly  three  years  of  service,  the  Alle- 
gheny College  boys  were  to  defend  their  own  State  from  the 
invasion  of  the  enemy.  The  Reserves  reached  Gettysburg  on 
July  2nd  and  went  into  battle  on  the  evening  of  that  daj'. 
Driving  the  enemy  before  them,  they  took  the  low  ground  be- 
tween liound  Top  and  Little  Round  Top.  which  position  was 
held  until  the  close  of  the  fighting.  The  fragments  of  rock 
at  hand  were  built  into  a  heavy  stone  wall,  that  withstood  a 
vigorous  artillery  tire  and  an  attack  by  the  infantry.  The  loss 
of  the  I'nion  army  at  this  point  was  not  large,  but  in  the 
succor  of  the  wounded  a  member  of  the  college  company  dis- 
tinguished himself. 

John  H.  Stuntz  and  William  J.  Mitchell  were  the  musi- 
cians, but  after  the  battle  they  carried  the  stretchers  to  bring 
tlie   stricken    to   safety.      On   the   base   of  Little   Round   Top, 

Stuntz  did  not  wait  for  his  com- 
])anion.  but  sallied  forth  to  help  a 
woun<led  soldier.  While  bearing 
the  man  upon  his  back,  he  slipped 
and  fell  heavily  upon  the  rocks. 
But  Stuntz.  exposed  to  the  lire  of 
friend  and  foe.  would  not  surren- 
der tlie  burden,  and  upon  hands 
and  knees  got  liim  to  the  company's 
lines.  The  injury  from  the  fall 
made  the  Allegheny  student  an  in- 
\alid  for  life.  This  was  but  one  of 
sevei'al  brave  deeds,  he  having  in 
a  siinilai'  fashion,  at  Gaines  .Mills, 
cai'i-ied  (Jeorge  Beach  in  safety  over 
a  bridge  about  1o  be  desd'oyed. 

After  tlie  battle  of  Gettysburg. 

T'ompany     1    followed    Lee    across 

the  Potomac  and   was  engaged   at 

John  H.  stuntz,  •(i.5  Brisloe    Station.     The    Tenth    then 


HISTOKV   OF  ALLKGIIKNV   CULLK(JK 

crossed  the  I\ai)i)aliaimock  at  Kelly's  Ford,  driving  ahead  of 
them  tlie  enemy,  who  did  not  even  take  their  tents,  our  boys 
occupying-  them  for  the  night.  They  next  proceeded  to  Park- 
er's store  and  from  thence  to  2s'e\v  Hope  church,  where  a  cav- 
alrj'  battle  occurred,  the  infantry  coming  to  aid.  In  the  rush, 
the  college  company,  leading  the  attack,  lost  track  of  its  regi- 
ment. But  the  Tenth  was  joined  at  Mine  Run,  after  once  more 
the  enemy  had  been  dislodged. 

Returning  from  this  campaign,  the  boys  went  into  winter 
quarters  at  Manassas  Junction.  Company  I  was  detailed  to 
act  as  provost  guard  at  brigade  headquarters.  Before  this,  it 
had  done  picket  duty  along  the  Orange  and  Alexandria  rail- 
road, by  which  route  supples  were  sent  to  the  army.  Inci- 
dentally, the  college  men  kept  guard  over  a  schoolhouse  in  the 
vicinity  where  the  faithful  teacher  continued  her  school. 
Major  Ayer  was  promoted  to  be  lieutenant  colonel  of  the 
Tenth. 

When  the  army  gathered  at  Culpepper,  April  29,  the  Re- 
serves were  there.  Company  I  crossed  the  Rapidan  into  the 
Wilderness  to  Chancellorsville,  being  strung  out  all  night  as 
a  picket  in  the  woods  May  4:th.  The  next  morning  it  went 
ahead  as  a  skirmish  line  and  was  the  first  to  become  engaged 
in  the  battle  of  the  Wilderness.  Colonel  Ayer  was  here  badly 
wounded.  On  the  8th  and  9th,  at  Spottsylvania,  most  des- 
perate of  fights,  the  men  were  hotly  engaged  and  charged  the 
enemy's  intrenchments  three  times  in  vain. 

As  the  remnants  of  the  Allegheny  Company  were  drawn  up 
in  front  of  Bethesda  Church,  on  May  30th,  after  crossing  the 
]*amunkey,  orders  came  from  Washington  to  the  coi^js  head- 
quarters, relieving  the  troops  from  further  service,  as  the  three- 
year  period  of  enlistment  had  expired.  This  order  was  in  the 
possession  of  Capt.  E.  H.  Henderson,  '63.  the  A.  A.  G.  of  the 
Third  brigade,  at  the  preci.se  moment  that  a  large  force  of  the 
enemy  delivered  an  attack.  The  troops  that  would  take  the 
place  of  the  Pennsylvania  men  had  not  yet  arrived.  Captain 
Henderson  kept  the  order  of  the  Secretary  of  War  in  his  pocket 
and  the  command  to  advance  was  given.  It  was  the  kind  of  a 
decision  that  Allegheny  knows  her  true  sons  will  ever  make. 

[   1T7  ] 


HI. STORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

The  Reserves,  driven  back  iu  some  disorder  at  first  by  the 
fierce  onslaught,  gained  a  favorable  position  behind  a  tempor- 
ary breast-work  of  rails  and  checked  the  foe.  At  last,  the 
Confederates  gave  way,  leaving  300  dead  on  the  field,  and 
losing  a  larger  number  of  prisoners  in  the  rout  that  followed. 
Such  was  the  last  engagement  of  the  Allegheny  College 
Volunteers.  When  it  was  ended,  they  furled  their  battle  flags 
and  bade  farewell  to  the  army,  whose  fortunes  and  misfortunes 
they  had  shared  for  so  long  a  time.  On  May  31  they  started 
their  march  to  Pittsburgh,  and  on  June  11,  1861,  they  were 
mustered  out.  A  few  of  the  survivors  re-enlisted  and  became 
a  part  of  Company  K,  191st  Pennsylvania  A'olunteers.  The 
casualties  in  Company  I  in  the  three  years  Avere:  killed  and 
mortally  wounded,  20 ;  wounded,  36 ;  died,  S ;  discharged  for 
disability,  25.  Prof.  8.  P.  Bates,  in  the  official  ^'History  of 
Pennsylvania  Volunteers"^  writes:  ''This  brave  body  of  men, 
the  Tenth  Regiment,  which  had  fought  in  nearly  every  battle 
in  which  the  army  of  the  Potomac  had  been  engaged,  was  not 
excelled  in  valor  by  any  other  organization  of  the  division." 

COMPANY  B,   ISth  PENNSYLVANIA  CAVALRY 

Five  Allegheny  students  had  rank  and  honor  in  another 
arm  of  the  military  service  of  the  North,  being  connected  with 
a  cavalry  regiment,  which,  before  the  war  had  ended,  won  for 
itself  the  soubriquet  of  the  "Fighting  Eighteenth.''  Four  of 
these  men  were  in  Company  B,  recruited  in  Crawford  County, 
and  all  were  or  became  commissioned  officers.  Three  of  them 
raised  the  company,  traveling  throughout  the  county  to 
secure  enlistments,  and  holding  meetings.  They  were  students 
of  law  in  Mcadvillc  and  were  vouched  for  by  the  leading  attor- 
neys of  the  local  bar. 

The  cai>tain  of  the  coni|»any  was  .John  W.  Phillips,  '60,  of 
Walci-town.  Teiiii.  He  was  introduced  at  the  time  of  ilie  dedi- 
cation of  his  regimental  moiinmeiit  on  the  lield  of  (Jettysburg 
as.  "one  wlio,  severing  the  ties  of  friendshi]>  at  his  home  in  a 
Confedei-ate  State.  enlere<l  the  service  of  his  country,  fresh 
from    liis  nlnia   mater.     On   the  very  spot    on   which  you   now 

[    ITS   1 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  C0LL?:(;E 

staud,  he  shed  his  bh)od  in  the  defense  of  the  Union  to  which 
he  was  so  true  and  loved  so  well." 

James  W.  Smith,  'GO,  classmate  and  fellow  townsman  in 
Tennessee  of  Captain  I'hillips,  was  second  lieutenant  of  the 
company,  but  promoted  to  first  lieutenant  on  April  26,  1864, 
and  made  captain  Dec.  2.    He  resigned  February  25,  1865. 

David  T.  McKay,  '62,  of  Crawford  County,  was  first  lieu- 
tenant. He  was  captured  at  Culpepper  Court  House,  Sept.  13, 
1863,  and  sent  to  Libby  prison  and  Camp  Sorghum,  being  held 
until  March,  1865. 

Thomas  J.  Grier,  '65,  of  Somerset,  enlisted  in  Company  B 
at  Meadville  and  went  out  as  first  sergeant.  He  was  made 
second  lieutenant.  April  26,  1864,  first  lieutenant,  Dec.  2,  1864, 
and  captain,  April  14,  1865.  Captain  Grier  kept  the  daily 
itinerary  of  his  regiment  and  became  the  historian  of  the 
Eighteenth.  He  was  the  first  president  of  the  Survivors'  Asso- 
ciation, organized  by  his  veteran  comrades  in  1887. 

James  R.  "Weaver  was  the  fifth  Allegheny  man  in  the  18th 
Cavalry.  He  became  its  sergeant  major  after  having  first 
enlisted  in  Company  B  as  private. 

The  young  college  officers  Avere  busy  in  September  and 
October  securing  recruits.  They  sent  out  the  following 
broadside : 

PATRIOTS 

TO  ARMS! 


''■""HE  undersigned  have  been  authorized  by  the  Government  to  raise  a  company  of  Cavalry. 
-*-     This  county's  quota  is  not  yet  full  by  over  two  hundred  men. 

TIIK     DH.VFT    >VII.I.    SIUKI.Y     UK    MADK 

All    who    would    avoid    the    draft   and    have  the  satisfaction  of  volunteering  in  the  service  of 
their  country,  are  invited  to  go  with  us.      All   bounties   will   be  paid  by  the  Government  and 
the  county.     In  answer  to  direct  inquiry,  the  following  dispatch  was  received  by  us  to-day: 
"The  Government  bounty  will  be  paid  for  Cavalry  if  reported  for  service  on 
or  before  the  20th.  A.  G.  CURTIN." 

A  War  Meeting  to  aid  Enlistments  will  be  held 

At  Blooming  Valley  On  Sept.  20,  1862 

It  will  be  addressed  by  able  Speakers.     Come  on  fellow  citizens,  and  let  us  fill  up  the  quota 

for  this  county  at  once.     It  is  the  last  and  best  opportunity  you  will  have. 

JOHN  W.  PHILLIPS, 
JAMES  W.  SMITH, 
DAVID  T.  M'KAY. 

Recruiting  Headquarters--  South  West  Corner  Diamond,  at  Jos.  Derick son's  Office. 
«s  REFERENCES  in  MeadTnlle:-- Hon.  J.  W.  Howe,  Col.  H.  L.  Richmond.  Hon.  G.  Church, 

Finney  &  Douglass,  and  A.   B.  Richmond,  Esq. 

[   ITl)  ] 


HI^>TOrvY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

The  rendezvous  for  the  regiment  was  Camp  Simmoiis,  near 
Harrisburg,  and  hither  the  Crawford  County  boys  went  in 
November,  one  hundred  and  four  in  number.  The  winter  was 
passed  in  northern  Mrginia,  drilling.  The  Confederate  Mosby 
took  some  of  the  men  prisoners,  but  returned  them  to  the 
Eighteenth  with  the  message  that,  unless  they  were  better 
equipped,  it  would  not  pay  to  capture  them.  But  the  horsemen 
learned  the  art  of  war  and  became  the  Third  Division,  Cavalry 
Corps,  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  The  brigade  commander 
was  Gen.  E.  J.  Farnsworth. 

The  cavalry  was  employed  most  effectively  in  the  days  pre- 
ceding the  battle  of  Gettysburg.    It  was  able  to  threaten  Laws' 


(Oripinal  in  Memorial  Hall,  Pittsburgh.    Painted  by  A.  G.  Richmond,  '70.) 

The  scene  is  on  the  third  day  of  the   battle  near  the  DeviTs   Den,  and  the  charge 

was  against  the  First  Texas  Infantry.      Lieut.  McKay  was  near  his 

general  as  he  fell.    The  figure  riding  without  hat  or  coat 

is  Leon  Kissel,  of  Crawford  County. 

infantry  so  vigorously  as  to  prevent  it  from  supi)orting  the 
movement  of  (kMieral  IMckett  upon  the  I'nioii  center.  The 
rebels  held  a  strong  jtosition,  the  ground  covered  with  large 
rocks  making  it  most  ditticult  for  mounted  men.  "i'et  the 
division  commander  ordered  a  charge  by  Farnsworth's  bri- 
gade. The  stone  walls  broke  the  impact  of  the  charge.  A  few 
of  the  best  liorsemen.  with  their  intrepid  leader,  ])enetrated 
the  enemy's  skirmish  line,  but  most  of  them  fell  or  were  cap- 
tured. The  greatest  lo.ss  was  that  of  General  Farnsworth,  the 
viclini  <»f  an  unwise  order. 

[   I'^O  ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEdllEXV  COLJ.EdE 

The  Eighteen  til  did  iinpoi-tiiiit  ])icket  service  in  the  fall  of 
1863  and  joine<l  in  Kilpatriek's  raid  in  February,  18G4:,  against 
Kichniond  to  trj'  to  release  the  Union  i)risoners.  (Jreneral  I'hil 
Sheridan  became  cor])S  connnander  in  Ajjril  and  Captain  Phil- 
lips, of  Conijjany  B,  was  made  a  major  of  the  regiment.  The 
men  did  desperate  fighting  in  the  advance  of  (Jrant  upon  Rich- 
mond in  May.  The  division  general  praised  the  Eighteenth  as 
the  regiment  that  knew  how  to  tight  into  and  liow  to  fight  out 
of  a  hard  place.  It  crossed  sabers  Avith  the  horsemen  of  J.  E.  B. 
Stuart  and  Major  IMiillips,  leading  tlie  charge  at  Hanover 
Court  House,  May  31 ,  was  wounded. 

The  next  scene  of  cann)aign  was  the  Shenandoah  Valley, 
the  cavalry  having  a  prominent  part  in  the  stirring  battle  at 
Winchester.  Ceneral  Custer  became  the  popular  division  com- 
mander and  in  the  Cedar  Creek  fight  Major  IMiillips  com- 
manded the  Eighteenth.  Before  the  fall  was  ended,  the  last  of 
the  army  of  General  Early  was  captured.  However,  on  Nov. 
12,  Major  IMiillips  was  taken  ])risoner  and  held  in  Libby  Prison 
until  ]\[arcli,  1865.  The  final  camjiaign  of  the  regiment  was 
with  Grant  about  Petersburg.  Our  AllegluMiy  officer  became 
Lieutenant  Colonel  Phillips  March  16,  1865. 

The  State  of  Pennsylvania  has  erected  at  Gettysburg  an 
imposing  granite  monument  in  honor  of  the  Eighteenth  Cav- 
ahw.  The  record  is,  "Participated  with  the  Armies  of  the 
Potomac  and  Shenandoah  in  fifty-one  battles."  The  orator  at 
the  dedication  on  Sejtt.  If,  1880,  was,  most  fittingly.  Colonel 
Phillips,  '60. 

OTHER  ALLECiHENY  ENEISTMEXTS 

In  1862,  there  came  another  period  of  mncli  excitement 
among  the  students  of  Alleglieny  over  the  war  and  the  plan  to 
enlist.  On  a  Saturday  in  s]>ring,  a  grou})  gathered  on  the  Dia- 
mond, keen  to  organize  an<l  go  to  the  fi-ont.  How  to  spread 
their  enthusiasm  and  to  secure  the  enlistment  of  the  men  were 
discussed.  Tlie  ])r()grani  decided  upon  was  to  have  Kev.  John 
Bain,  one  of  the  strong  men  in  ^lethodisni  and  a  warm  friend 
of  the  college,  deliver  a  sermon  Sunday  night  on  the  issues  of 
the  day  in   the  Meadville  cliurch   of  whicli   Pev.   T.    1.   Stubbs 

[   I'^l   ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

was  pastor.  On  the  followiug  Simday  moruiug,  it  was  also 
aunoiinced  from  the  pulpit  that  a  war  meeting  of  the  students 
would  be  held  in  the  college  chapel.  Monday  morning  at  eight. 

The  old  brick  church  was  crowded  for  its  evening  service. 
But  along  with  IJev.  John  Bain  and  the  pastor  came  Dr.  Loomis 
to  take  a  seat  inside  the  chancel.  He  had  already  been  in  con- 
sultation with  liis  brethren,  and  was  appalled  at  the  possi- 
lulity  of  the  entire  student  body  marching  away  to  fight  the 
South.  The  boys  waited  the  words  of  fire  and  patriotism  from 
the  preacher.  Imagine  their  consternation  when  the  eloquent 
Bain,  in  the  midst  of  his  strong  address,  said,  **It  might  be  the 
highest  patriotism  for  the  students  of  Allegheny  to  prepare 
themselves  for  highest  citizenship  by  devotion  to  their  studies." 
It  came  to  the  excited  youths  like  the  crack  of  doom.  When 
the  congregation  was  dismissed.  Dr.  Loomis  sought  out  R.  N. 
Stubbs.  '63.  who  had  called  the  mass  meeting  for  the  next  day, 
and  informed  him  that  the  chajiel  could  not  be  used  for  the 
rally. 

But  the  war  spirit  of  the  students  could  not  be  quenched 
summarily.  Most  of  the  college  marched  on  Monday  morning 
to  the  Court  House  and  listened  to  an  address  of  exhortation. 
But  the  sermon,  which  was  for  peace  and  not  war,  had  started 
the  reaction.  Telegrams  from  several  homes  brought  prohibi- 
tions upon  enlistment.  The  enthusiasm  ebbed  away.  Only  ten 
remained  firm,  according  to  the  count  of  Frank  A.  Arter,  and 
they  Avere  designated  '"The  Immortals'". 

The  invasion  of  I*ennsylvania  by  Lee,  in  the  summer  of 
1803,  brought  alarm  throughout  the  State.  Pittsburgh  was 
considered  a  j)0ssible  objective  ])oint  of  his  march.  On  Sunday 
morning,  June  28,  when  the  news  reache<l  Meadville,  the  Court 
House  bell  was  rung  and  soon  tlie  court  room  was  crowded 
with  citizens,  who  ])roceed('d  io  immediate  action.  One  hun- 
dred men  signed  the  roll  to  go  to  the  front,  before  the  meeting 
was  adjourned.  Their  ])uri)Ose  made  known  to  Harrisburg, 
within  two  days  the  M<'adville  company  was  on  its  way  to 
Camjt  Howe  at  Pittsburgh. 

Here  the  .~)Stli  Regiment  was  organized  for  three  months* 
s«*rvi(e.     The  caplnin   from   Meadville,  George  H.   Bemus.   l)e- 

[    1'^-'   ] 


II18T0RY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

fame  its  colonel.  The  company  was  designated  as  K.  H.  L. 
Ivichniond,  Jr..  'GO,  was  second  lientenant,  IJobert  Adrain  '04, 
sergeant,  and  Harvey  Henderson  '57,  corporal.  Other  students 
on  tlie  roll  were  George  S.  Gullnm  '03,  I).  P.  Compton  'GO,  C.  H. 
Bagley  'GO,  J.  Kinniff  '04,  W.  J.  Dnnn  '04,  H.  L.  Davis  '67,  G. 
L.  Mahoney  '03.  C.  C.  Selden  'G(),  K.  N.  Stnhbs  '03.  The  defeat 
at  Gettysburg  turned  the  invaders  to  the  South  and  then  the 
Fifty-eighth  gave  its  attention  to  John  Morgan,  the  cavalry 
lea<ler.  who  was  raiding  through  Ohio.  In  an  exciting  chase 
by  foot  and  by  railway,  the  marauders  were  pursued  and  finally 
captured.  At  the  end  of  the  three  months'  perio<l.  Company  F, 
having  done  its  duty  and  faced  the  emergency,  was  mustered 
out  and  returned  to  Meadville. 

In  the  150th  Eegt.  1*.  ^^,  Company  K  was  enlisted  in  Craw- 
ford County.  The  captain  was  1).  ^'.  Derickson.  On  Aug.  29, 
1802.  there  was  mustered  in  Curtis  Arnold.  '02,  T.  AV.  Chand- 
ler, '02,  L.  M.  Hamilton,  '02,  J.  J.  Henderson,  '02,  Stephen 
A'olcli,  '()4.  S.  H.  Birdsall  was  sergeant,  but  transferred  to  R. 
Q.  M.  1st  Regt.  U.  S.  C.  T.  Company  K  at  AVashington  was 
selected  as  Lincoln's  Body  Guard  and  was  on  duty  at  the  Sol- 
diers' Home  and  AVliite  House  for  more  than  two  years ;  must- 
ered out,  June  15,  1805. 

PHI  KAPPA  PSI  IX  THE  WAR 

The  I'ennsylvania  Beta  Chapter  of  IMii  Kappa  J*si  sent 
from  Allegheny  to  the  two  armies  twenty-four  of  its  sons,  who 
became  commissioned  otticers.  There  were  two  colonels,  one 
lieutenant-colonel,  two  majors,  eight  captains  and  ten  lieuten- 
ants in  the  Union  army  and  one  lieutenant  in  the  Confederate 
army.  Six  men  went  in  the  College  Com])any  in  June,  1801, 
Lieutenant  S.  B.  Smith,  Sergeant  M.  AI.  I'helps,  Sergeant  A. 
C.  IMckai'd,  Sergeant  George  Norris,  Cori)oral  A.  Ashley  and 
J.  I).  Chadwick. 

In  the  famous  Eighteenth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  Company 
B.  the  three  oflticers  were  Captain  J.  AA\  Phillips,  Lieutenant  D. 
T.  AIcKay  and  Lieutenant  J.  AA\  Smith.  T.  J.  Grier  was  also 
in  this  company,  promoted  later  to  a  captaincy.     James  Riley 

[    1S3   ] 


HISTOEY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

Weaver  was  also  sergeant-major  of  the  same  regiment.     In  the 
battle  at  Brandy  Station,  he  was  captnred. 

In  the  battle  of  Chickamanga.  May.  1S0;5,  three  of  the  IMii 
Psi  men  lost  their  lives  at  the  head  of  their  companies  in  Ohio 
regiments.  Captain  Armstrong  J.  Thomas  '02,  Captain  Marcns 
C.  Horton  'Go,  and  Captain  Nelson.  The  fatalities  among  the 
Pennsylvania  Beta  men  were  high.  Lieutenant  W.  H.  Eobin- 
son  '60,  of  the  7th  Ohio,  died  within  four  months  of  enlistment 
in  ISGl;  Captain  !^.  M.  Davis,  of  111th  Benna.  Vol.  Init.,  soon 
resigned.  Sion  B.  t^mith  'Gl,  who  went  out  in  Co.  I,  39th 
Penna.  Vol.  Inft..  the  Tenth  Beserves,  was  promoted  to  major, 
May  2,  18G2,  but  from  the  fever  contracted  in  the  Chicka- 
hominy  camps,  died  Aug.  5,  3SG2.  Lieutenant  F.  W.  Phelps  -04, 
was  also  lost  in  war. 

Thomas  Bustin  Kennedy,  founder  of  the  Beta  Chapter,  was 
a  first  lieutenant  in  the  ;JSth  Begt.,  Ba.  Inft.  ^Major  J.  J.  Mc- 
Dowell '55,  another  one  of  the  founders,  was  also  in  the  north- 
ern service,  as  were  Captain  James  H.  Thomas  'G:>,  Lieutenants 
C.  C.  Mechem  'GG.  F.  W.  Adams  '(JG,  and  F.  I).  Bostwick,  'G9. 
Lieutenant  S.  B.  P.  Knox  'GO,  was  surgeon  of  the  40th  Penna. 
Vol.  Inft.  Archie  D.  Norris  'GO,  was  an  officer  in  the  Confed- 
erate army. 

Ephriam  A.  Ludwick  'G2,  while  a  pastor  in  New  Jeisey,  was 
asked  to  recruit  a  coni]»any.  He  Itecame  a  ca]>tain  in  the  n2tli 
N.  J.  ^'ol.  Inft.  IMonioted  lo  major,  he  led  his  regiment  at 
New  Market  Heights,  and  received  a  severe  wound  in  the  arm 
as  the  men  charged  a  battei-y.  He  r<'fuse(l  to  retire,  and  upon 
receiving  an  older  to  attack  I-'t.  (Jihnor,  the  regimental  his- 
torian records:  "^[ajor  Ludwick  drew  his  sword  witli  his  left 
hand  and  on  foot  with  his  men,  went  forward.  The  nu'ii  were 
forcecl  to  advance,  exposed  t(»  an  eiilihidiiig  lire.  At  this  fearful 
place,  the  major  r('ceiv<'d  anothei-  buHet  in  iiis  already  wounded 
arm,  completely  shattering  tlie  elbow,  and  was  boriu'  fiom  the 
field."  I'romotioii  to  lienteiiant-<()lonel  came  on  Sept.  20, 
1SG4,  and  to  <-oloii('l.  Maicli  :'.(►.  1SG5. 


1S4 


U1ST()J{V   OF  ALLK(JJJKXV   COLLFJJE 

IXniX'IDUAI.  RPXORDS 

Alexaiidcn-  Hays,  A.  B.,  '40,  V.  S.  :Militai-y  Acadeiiiy,  1844; 
iii'st  lit'uteiianl,  ^rcxicaii  War,  lS4r»;  major,  llMli  Kcjit.  1*.  V., 
colonel,  (lord  I\ej;t.  I*.  ^^,  Auj»'.  '2~>,  ISGI  ;  brij^adier  i»(Mieral, 
Sopt.  21),  1802;  coiimiaiidiiij;-  S<M-ond  l^i-ij^adc.  Third  Division, 
Second  Cor})s,  Army  of  tlie  I'otomac,  18(14 ;  l^illed  at  battle  of 
the  Wilderness,  May  5,  18G4. 

Alfred  I'earson,  '5(5,  captain,  ('om]tany  A,  l^oth  Ke^t.  P.  V., 
^[ay  :>1,  1802;  major,  Dec.  ol,  1802.  Le<l  rej^iment  in  seizure 
of  Little  Konnd  Top  at  (}ettysbnrj>-;  routed  enemy  from  Devil's 
Den.  Lieutenant  colcmel,  Nov.  1,  180:^.;  c(donel,  July  0,  1804; 
adopted  French  Zouave  uniform  and  tactics — i*eginient  a 
niod(d — brif>adier  "eneral,  Sept.  :>0,  1804.  Commanding  Sec- 
ond Brigade  of  First  Division,  (Jeneral  Fearson  save<l  the  day 
at  Dabney  Mills;  major  general,  March  1,  FStM. 

A.  B.  McCalmont,  '4:5,  lieutenant  colonel,  142(1  Kegi.  P.  V., 
Sept.  1,  1802;  colonel,  208th  Pegt.  P.  V.,  Se])t.  12,  1804;  briga- 
dier general,  March  1:>,  18()r). 

Ira  Ayer.  Jr.,  '05,  (•ai)tain,  Com]>any  T,  81)th  Kegt,  10th  Pa. 
Peserv(^s,  major,  'Slixy  1,  180:1;  lieutenant  colonel,  Feb.  27, 
1804;  brevet  colonel,  brevet  brigadier  general,  1805. 

F.  Alsor  Jones,  '57,  captain,  0th  ^h\.  ^'olunteers;  wounded 
at  rhcat  Pun,  July  15,  1801  ;  brigadier  general,  1804. 

F.  A.  Bartleson,  'Oo,  colonel  Til.  Volunteers,  brigadier 
general. 

John  A.  :\[cCalnn)nt,  '40,  colonel  aoth  Pegt.,  10th  Pa.  Pe 
serves,  June  20,  1801;  resigned,  Mny  0.  1802. 

L.  B.  Dull',  '57,  captain  Company  D,  107th  Pegt.  P.  V..  Feb. 
8,  1802;  lieutenant  colonel.  May  18,  18(14.  Lost  leg  at  Peters- 
burg, June  18,  1804;  discharged  for  wonnds.  Oct.  25,  !S()4. 

J.  W.  H.  Reisinger,  '50,  captain  Comjiany  H,  150(h  Pegt. 
Pa.  v.,  Sept.  4,  18(»2;  major,  25th  Pegt.  V.  S.  (\  T.,  :\[arch  12, 
18(!4;  lieutenant  C(donel,  Nov.  10,  1804. 

J.  X.  ITosey,  '58,  cai)tain  C()nii)any  JO,  78th  Pegt.  1*.  A'., 
major,  A])ril  9,  1804. 

J.  W.  Patton,  'Oa,  major  145th  Pegt.  P.  V.,  Sept.  25,  1802; 
fatally  wounded  at  rhancellorsville.  May  15.  18(;:>. 

J.  M.  Wells,  '01,  adjntant  11 1th  Pegt.  P.  \'.,  Dec.  0,  1801; 

r  185  1 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

first  lieutenant  Company  F,  Feb.  14.  1863;  captain,  May  16, 
1863 ;  wounded  at  Resaca,  May  15,  1861 ;  brevet  major  and  lieu- 
tenant colonel.  March  13.  1865. 

William  McKinley,  '61,  sergeant  23rd  Regt.  Ohio  ^'ol.,  June 
11,  1861;  second  lieutenant.  Sept.  23.  1862;  first  lieatenaut, 
Feb.  7.  1863 ;  captain.  July  25,.  1861 ;  major.  March  13.  1865. 

Don.  C.  Newton,  '53,  first  lieutenant  Company  D,  52nd 
Regt.,  Illinois  Vol..  Sept.  23.  1861;  captain.  Dec.  11.  1861  to 
Dec.  18.  1861.  The  regiment  was  at  Fort  Donelson ;  in  battle 
of  Shiloh.  April  6.  1862 ;  battle  of  Corinth,  Oct.  3.  1863 ,  in  the 
16th  Army  Corps,  in  1861;  with  Sherman  in  the  Atlanta  cam- 
paigns, fighting  at  Resaca,  Keuesaw  Mt.,  Decatur,  taking  the 
city  July  28 ;  in  Sherman's  march  through  Georgia  to  the  sea, 
capturing  Savannah  Dec.  21,  1861.  Captain  Newton  was  here 
honorably  discharged. 

S.  M.  Davis,  '61,  captain  Company  E.  11th  Regt.  P.  V..  Dec. 
3,  1861;  resigned  Nov.  16.  1862. 

Henry  M.  Hughes.  '57.  first  lieutenant  Company  K.  61th 
Regt.  1th  l»a.  Cav.,  Oct.  18,  1861;  captain,  Nov.  1,  1862. 

P.  S.  Bancroft,  '55,  second  lieutenant  111th  Regt.,  Pa.  Vol., 
Nov.  2,  1861;  wounded  at  Antietam,  Sept.  17,  1862;  captain, 
Feb.  10,  1863. 

I.  N.  Taylor,  '61,  and  A.  M.  Williams,  '61.  were  on  the 
regimental  starts  of  the  145th  and  the  111th  P.  \'. 

W.  W.  Arnett.  '60.  became  a  colonel  in  the  Arnn'  of  Vir- 
ginia of  the  C.  S.  A. 

Clergymen  who  enlisted  as  chaplains  were  in  the  early  years 
commissioned  officers  and  in  the  west,  assistant  superintend- 
ents of  contrabands.  J.  N.  Pierce.  '57,  was  chaplain  to  the 
S5th  Regt.  P.  v.;  .1.  C.  High,  '.53.  to  the  206th  Regt.  P.  V.; 
Gordon  Battelle.  '40.  with  1st  W.  Xa.  Regt.,  and  G.  B.  Haw- 
kins. '42.  with  2nd  Oliio  Cavali-y.  The  last  two  died  of  ty- 
l)hoid  fever.  Prof.  L.  D.  Williams  was  chaplain  of  111th  Regt. 
P.  A'..  T.  H.  Hagcrty.  '55.  in  a  Missouri  regiment. 

Till-;  SOLDI i;rs'  memorial 

At  the  Commencement  bancjuet  in  June.  l!»0!l,  a  suggestion 
was  made  that  the  loyalty  and  sacritice  which  the  boys  from 

[    1S<J  ] 


Hij-^TOKV  OF  AiJj-:(;iii:.\v  coLLKdi-: 

AlleglieDV  Collej^i'  had  shown  in  their  defense  of  the  conntry 
in  1801  to  1S(}~>  shoiihl  he  i-eeo<i;nized  in  some  ai)i)i-oi)i'iate  way. 

As  the  resnll  of  this  snji<i('stion  President  W.  II.  Crawford 
appointed  the  followinji;  comniittee :  AV.  N.  I{id<»e,  '82.  Chair- 
nnm  ;  .Judge  -I.  -f.  Henderson,  '02;  W.  ('.  Wilson,  '80;  Ida  M. 
Tarbell,  '80;  II.  K.  Ross,  '84,  Secretary.  It  was  voted  to  place 
on  a  .stiitable  spot  on  the  campns  a  stone  on  which  should  be 
fixed  a  bronze  tablet  in  coniniennu-ation  of  the  men  who  went 
out  from  the  college  to  defeitd  the  Union. 

The  committee  decided  that  it  would  seek  small  rather 
than  large  contributions,  thus  giving  all  of  the  alumni  oppor- 
tunity to  contribute.  The  secretary  iiumediately  opened  cor- 
respondence with  the  former  students.  After  several  months' 
work,  a  sufficient  amount  was  raised  to  insure  the  project  ami 
the  bronze  tablet  was  ordered  and  the  work  of  selecting  a 
stone  begun.  It  was  agreed  to  use  a  natural  boulder  if  such 
could  be  found,  rather  than  place  on  the  campus  a  cut  or  a 
dressed  stone. 

By  the  efficient  aid  of  Dr.  Elliott  of  the  Faculty,  a  satis- 
factory stone  was  found  on  the  hillside  up  the  Cussewago  Val- 
ley. The  boulder  was  a  pink  granite,  Aveighing  thirteen  and 
one-half  tons.  By  huge  effort  and  patience,  the  boulder  was 
brought  by  truck  to  the  Bessemer  side  track,  loaded  by  the 
railroad  on  a  flat  car  for  trans])ortation  over  the  creek,  and 
then  borne  by  a  twelve-horse  team  up  Main  Street  hill  to  the 
camptis. 

The  dedicatory  services  were  held  Tuesday  afternoon,  June 
20,  1010,  the  anniversary  day  of  the  founding  of  Allegheny. 
W.  X.  Eidge  presided  and  a  large  company  of  alumni,  stu- 
dent.>,  the  local  ('a]»tain  Peiffer  Post  of  the  Crand  Army  of 
the  Republic,  citizens  and  visitors  were  present  to  hear  the 
two  addresses. 

Dr.  r.  M.  Cobern,  '70.  spoke  in  part  thus: 

"What  mean  ye  by  these  stones?  They  represent  a  memorial,  a 
sacrifice,  an  ideal.  Here  we  come  to  build  a  memorial  to  those  men 
who  laid  the  foundation  of  a  republic  on  granite  that  shall  remain  long 
after  the  last  brick  shall  be  crumbled  into  dust. 

'it  was  a  very  different  college  in  scholarship  then.  But  1  call 
attention  to  the  fact  that  there  was  a  school  here  then  which  stood  for 

[    1S7    ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

manhood  and  ideals.  This  was  a  different  country  then  from  that  of 
today,  but  it  was  their  country,  and  for  it  they  went  out  to  die.  In 
this  memorial  we  lind  a  recognition  of  the  fact  that  religion  and  patri- 
otism go  together.  1  call  attention  also  to  the  fact  that  education  and 
patriotism  are  inseparably  connected. 

"We  remember  for  what  this  rock  stands.  Not  only  that  the  black, 
man  was  made  free,  but  far  more.  It  means  that  these  men  gave  a  new 
definition  of  the  constitution;  it  means  that  these  men  gave  a  new 
significance  to  the  flag;  it  means  that  these  men  gave  the  world  a  new 
idea  of  what  American  patriotism  is.  It  means,  too,  a  new  idea  of 
brotherhood,  chivalry  and  manhood.  I  expect  to  see  the  day  when  the 
names  of  the  Allegheny  boys  who  fought  in  the  Confederate  army  will 
be  found  here.  If  you  go  to  Greece  you  will  lind  that  Achilles,  after  his 
triumph  over  Hector,  his  ancient  foe,  dragged  him  seven  times  around 
the  walls  of  Troy;  but  it  was  in  a  Christian  nation  that  a  new  idea  of 
brotherhood,  chivalry  and  manhood  was  born. 

"These  men  might  have  become  famous  as  teachers,  scholars,  paint- 
ers, preachers,  lawyers,  or  in  many  other  lines,  but  they  went  out  to 
fight  for  their  country.  To  write  an  Iliad  is  not  so  great  as  to  live  one-, 
to  paint  a  picture  is  not  so  great  as  to  lift  the  flag  above  a  nation  united 
after  deadlv  strife." 


The  Collcjic  \'(»lum(>('is'  ('oinjtilliy  thiji  ol"  1S(»1  \v;is  tlicii 
i('iiio\('(|  fioin  ovci-  the  in(Mii(^)rial  stone  ;uh1  tlic  sjx'iikcr  coii- 
(•hi<l('<l    with    the  si  in-iiiji'  sent  iinciil  :     "W'licii    tlic   sljirs   sliall 


HISTOKV  OF  ALLECIHEXY  COLLEGE 

be  blotted  out  of  the  abyss,  tlie  luiiiies  of  these  men  shall  reign 
high  in  the  heaven  of  eternity.'' 

It.  11.  Koss  then  spoke  as  follows: 

"In  many  respects  this  monument  is  unique.  It  is  not  erected  to 
commemorate  a  battle  or  a  victory,  but  a  devotion  which  these  men 
lirst  breathed  as  boys  at  their  mothers'  knees,  grew  as  they  grew  and 
sent  them  to  better  prepare  for  the  great  future  to  this  college,  fost- 
ered by  Christian  influence  and  protected  by  a  State,  whose  very  name 
spells  independence  and  liberty.  This  monument  is  not  erected  by  the 
Commonwealth  or  military  organization;  not  by  comrades  who  survived, 
nor  by  descendants  of  those  who  fell,  nor  even  by  the  college  which 
they  revered  as  their  alma  mater,  but  by  the  men  and  women,  who, 
coming  after,  feel  the  inspiration  of  their  devotion. 

"The  man  leaving  home  and  home  environments  for  college  is 
really  entering  the  spring-time  of  his  career.  To  him  everything  is 
bright.  To  forsake  the  possibilities  within  his  reach  and  change  abso- 
lutely his  career  in  life,  as  did  these  men,  meant  a  sacrifice  which  was 
not  the  result  of  a  moment's  decision,  but  was  a  premeditated  act. 
This  act  changed  them  from  boys  to  men;  from  citizens  to  patriots; 
from  voluunteers  to  heroes.  It  led  them  through  the  fever-laden  bayous 
around  Vicksburg  with  Grant;  above  the  clouds  on  Lookout  Mountain 
with  Hooker;  followed  Sherman  from  Atlanta  to  the  sea;  nerved  them 
to  resist  Pickett's  brigade  in  their  bloody  charge  at  Gettysburg;  helped 
them  overthrow  the  rebel  horde  at  Antietam;  bear  undismayed  their 
defeat  at  Chancellorsville;  grope  their  way  through  the  Wilderness  and 
finally  win  with  Grant  at  Appomattox. 

"These  are  the  men  on  whom  Lincoln  depended  during  the  dark 
and  disastrous  days  of  t86l;  the  men  on  whom  he  leaned  for  support 
when  he  issued  his  Emancipation  Proclamation  in  September,  1862,  and 
the  men  toward  whom  his  great  heart  swelled  with  kindly  emotion  when 
the  surrender  of  Lee  was  announced  in  1865.  We  cannot  honor  these 
heroes.  We  are  honored  in  belonging  to  the  same  race,  living  in  the 
same  age,  extending  a  helping  hand  and  a  God  bless  you  to  the  living, 
and  contributing  to  erect  a  memorial  to  the  dead. 

"This  monument,  erected  by  those  who  felt  the  inspiration  and 
devotion  of  those  who  went  from  these  halls,  is  hereby  dedicated  to 
their  eternaF  memory,  with  the  hope  that  when  those  of  us  who  parti- 
cipate in  these  exercises  shall  have  passed  away,  our  children  and  our 
children's  children  may  gather  likewise  to  coiiimemorate  the  loyalty  and 
the  sacrifice  of  the  college  boys  in  blue.  To  you,  Mr.  President,  the 
representative  of  the  college  we  love,  we  transfer  the  custody  of  this 
monument  with  the  hope  that  in  its  silence  it  may  proclam  liberty;  in 
its  firmness,  fidelity;  and  in  its  strength,  loyalty." 

[    l'^!»   ] 


CHAPTER   VII 

THE   CRITICAL   PERIOD 

T  X  a  I'csoliition  of  the  Board  of  Trus- 
C^^'n^  tees   in   1S04   there  was  set  before 

tlie  president  of  the  college  the  goal 
■•^X^^W  of  making  '^Allegheny  in  all  re- 
W  speets  what  the  friends  of  collegiate 
j^  education  have  a  right  to  expect  of 
a  first  class  college."  A  note  of 
hope  and  progress  has  constantly 
sonnded  through  a  century  of  Alle- 
gheny experience.  The  sentiment 
of  a  better  day  ahead  has  always  prevailed.  The  spirit  and  the 
faith  of  Timothy  Alden  permeated  the  thonglit  and  the  action 
of  his  successors. 

There  was  not  an  executive  who  failed  to  have  an  extensive 
])rogTam  for  promoting  the  finances  of  the  institution,  advanc- 
ing it  in  public  favor  and  improving  it  scholastically.  No  man 
was  more  ambitious  for  Allegheny  than  President  Loomis. 
Such  an  aggressive,  indomitable  policy  must  inevitably  spell 
success  and  eventually  win  a  handsome  consummation  of 
ideals.  But  hopes  were  deferred  much  more  often  than  they 
were  realized.  I'lans  went  to  wreck  most  woefully.  That  men 
at  the  end  of  their  administrations  should  depart  broken  in 
health,  crushed  in  heart,  or  die  at  their  post  has  been  a  por- 
tion of  the  heavy  price  that  Allegheny  in  its  years  of  vicissi- 
tude has  exacted  from  its  faithful,  loyal  leaders. 

The  triumph  of  the  North  in  the  civil  war  being  a  cer- 
tainty, the  efforts  for  the  material  equipment  of  the  college 
Avere  redoubled.  The  stall  of  instruction  had  been  much 
strengthened.  Tlie  election  of  (leorge  F.  Comfort  to  the  chair 
of  modern  languages  provided  for  a  department  that  hr.d  never 
been  adequately  equipped.     The  professor  spent  the  year  of 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

1S05-G  in  European  stndy.  It  is  significant  that  two  members 
of  the  Facnlty  were  not  clergymen. 

A  dne  proportion  of  emphasis  was  now  restored  to  the 
scientific  course,  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Arts,  howevei ,  being 
conferred  in  both  classical  and  scientific  departments.  The 
chair  of  Professor  Tingley  was  entitled  physics  and  chemistry, 
a  combination  to  be  continued  forty  years.  Notable  addi- 
tions were  made  in  cabinets  of  mineralogy  and  conchology, 
forming  an  excellent  museum  for  a  college  of  that  period.  The 
first  accession  was  that  of  Dr.  "NVm.  Prescott,  of  Concord,  N. 
H.,  a  collection  of  3000  specimens  of  minerals  and  fossils  and 
2400  specimens  of  marine  and  land  shells.  The  liberality  of  a 
new  Trustee  secured  the  collection  of  Francis  Alger,  of  Bos- 
ton, made  at  a  cost  of  ^35,000.  This  cabinet  contained  5000 
specimens  of  minerals  and  a  suite  of  loOO  species  of  shells. 
The  Haldeman  cabinet  was  a  smaller  similar  collection  also 
now  obtained. 

These  scientific  treasures  caused  a  rearrangement  of  Ruter 
Hall.  The  chapel  was  moved  to  the  second  floor  and  its  place 
on  the  first  taken  by  the  museum.  Orders  were  also  placed  for 
casts  of  lithological  and  palaeontological  specimens,  so  that 
the  Megatherium  Cuvierii  and  other  huge  exhibits  were  soon 
mounted  for  the  delectation  of  visitors  to  the  campus  and  the 
observation  of  the  budding  scientists.  Long  needed  apparatus 
in  the  various  courses  was  generously  supplied.  In  a  few  years 
The  claim  was  officially  put  forth  that  no  college  in  America 
had  more  complete  facilities  for  obtaining  a  thorough  ele- 
mentary knowledge  of  physics  and  chemistry  than  Allegheny. 

The  catalogue  of  18G5-G  indicated  that  the  college  had 
taken  decidedly  advanced  ground.  During  the  war  period  the 
living  expenses  of  the  students  had  so  increased  that  it  was 
seen  some  provision  must  be  made  for  a  boarding  hall.  In  the 
spring  of  LSC"),  a  friend  was  found  in  the  person  of  Charles 
Culver,  an  oil  operator  at  Reno,  wlio  agreed  to  erect  at  once 
a  <lormil(»iy.  A  frame  building,  lliree  stories  in  height,  with 
acconimodallons    for    one    hundred    and    moi-e    stmlenls,    was 


IIISTOKV   OF  ALLKC.IIKXY   rOLLEdK 

fairly   coiiiph'ted   l)y   the  fall  term   at  a   cost  of   some   thii-ty 
tliousaiid  dollars. 

Culver  Hall,  as  it  was  ]>oi»nlarly  named,  made  an  altractlvr- 
a])i)earaiK-e  in  An<iiist  at  the  time  of  the  meetinj-  in  Meadville 
of  the  State  Teachers'  Association.  But  more  than  with  build- 
in<>s.  the  visitors  Avere  deei)ly  impressed  with  the  jiersonnel  and 
the  ability  of  the  Faculty  and  the  ('(juipment  of  the  college  for 
its  work.    ])r.  Loomis  and  I'rofessors  Marvin  and  Tinglev  were 


Culver  Hall 


gracious  hosts.  The  sentiment  expressed  in  the  press  by  the 
teachers  was  that  the  public  generally  ought  to  know  about 
the  superior  advantages  of  Allegheny.  Then,  as  in  the  years 
to  come,  the  college  went  about  its  duties  modestly  and  with- 
out blare  of  trumpets,  rendering  its  services  to  St;ite  and 
Nation  through  the  many  activities  of  its  sons. 

The  wide  celebration  of  American  Methodism  at  this 
period  was  eagerly  utilized  in  the  jilans  for  a  greater  Alle- 
gheny. Two  General  Conferences  liad  anticipated  the  cen- 
tenary in  ISOG  of  the  first  preaching  of  Fhilip  I'^mbnry.  On 
the  general  committee  of  policy,  Alexander  Bradley,  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees,  and  Rev.  Moses  Hill,  '411,  were  influential 
members.     While  the  offerings  appointed  throughout  the  de- 

[   li»-5  ] 


HI^^TOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

iioniinaTiou  were  to  benefit  many  c-onnectional  objects  aud  the 
means  to  found  Biblical  Institutes  were  specially  asked,  local 
educational  interests  received  much  help.  A  vigorous  cam- 
]»ai<in  was  Avaged  to  endow  Mount  Union  College  of  Ohio. 

In  the  Erie  Conference  area  rallies  were  held  to  ju'omote 
donations  to  Allegheny.  Xo  small  success  attended  the  efforts 
of  Dr.  Loomis.  The  endowment  mark  of  the  Centenary  Fund 
Avas  even  set  at  one  hundred  and  fifty  thousand.  Gifts  in  casli 
for  the  year  were  twenty  thousand  dollars  and  pledges  in  pro- 
portion. A  liberality  existed  in  the  church  far  beyond  that 
sliown  in  the  earlier  centenary  occasion  of  1839.  Tlie  Metho- 
dist people  were  now  more  able  to  make  gifts. 

The  fiftieth  anniversary  of  the  founding  of  Allegheny  Col- 
lege was  arranged  to  supplement  the  centenary  campaign  for 
money.  For  a  year  effort  was  directed  to  get  many  of  the 
alumni  to  return  for  June  27.  Everyone  who  came  was  the 
guest  of  the  resident  alumni.  It  was  a  home  coming  for 
Bisliop  Calvin  Ivingsley.  who  made  tlie  semi-centennial  ad- 
dress. The  alumni  "festival",  a  supper  aud  a  reception,  was 
lield  in  the  McHenry  House,  the  famed  establisliment  of  the 
Atlantic  and  (ireat  AVestern  Ilailroad.  Tlie  project  of  an 
alumni  professorship  was  started  the  next  day.  Eighteen 
persons  pledged  twenty-five  hundred  dollars.  The  sum  to  be 
raise<l  was  thirty  tliousand  and  a  committee  of  correspondence 
was  given  charge. 

Tlirougli  all  the  Commencement  .season,  however,  there  ran 
a  strong  undercurrent  of  a])j)reliension  and  perplexity.  The 
most  liberal  benefactor  of  the  college  since  its  earliest  days 
was  ('.  \'.  Culver.  This  man  ha<l  come  to  the  oil  country  from 
Ohio  and  in  the  jteriod  of  the  bonanza  in  A'enango  County 
rajiidly  amassed  a  foitune.  He  tnrned  to  new  enterprises, 
oiK^  being  a  scheme  t(»  make  the  \illage  of  Keno  (Hpial  in  im- 
Itorlance  to  (HI  ('it  v.  Guhcr  Mas  the  founder  of  a  ehain  of 
banks  in  the  towns  <»f  Xortliwestei-n  rennsylvania.  i[e  was  a 
man  of  engaging  iieisoiiality  and  the  fa\(»r  of  the  ]»ublic  elected 
liini  lo  ( 'ongress. 


HISTOKV   or   ALLIOC.UKXV   (M)LLi:(JE 

But  there  was  iiiucli  of  (lai-inji  in  liis  business  jilaiis.  The 
risk  was  g-reat ;  tlie  iiiargiii  was  narrow  by  whicli  Ik  failed 
from  becoming  a  real  Napoleon  of  Jinance.  He  was  said  to 
have  suggested  llie  ste]»s  later  taken  in  the  Standard  Dil  orga- 
nization. The  close  of  the  wai-  saw  a  reaction  in  i)etroleum 
all'airs.  The  fabric  of  CuIvim-  was  built  so  much  on  credit 
that  one  reverse  bi-ought  down  his  whole  system  in  a  crasli. 
The  failure  came  on  March  27,  ISOG.  Many  individuals  lost 
heavily.  Money  had  beeu  Ixtri-owed  from  interest  bearing 
funds  assigned  to  the  college.  The  deed  to  the  laud  on  which 
the  new  dormitory  stood  had  not  beeu  conveyed  to  the  Trus- 
tees. Joshua  Douglass,  l-'sc].,  by  a  civil  action,  got  possessiou 
of  this  ]»roperty  and  made  the  ti-ansfer  in  1870. 

The  funds  available  for  the  college  Avere  end)arrassed  for 
s(une  years.  The  Erie  Conference  resuuu'd  its  earlier  practice 
of  sending  out  a  financial  agent  in  behalf  of  Allegheny.  Eveu 
the  meud)ers  of  the  Faculty  were  asked  one  vacation  by  the 
Trustees  to  solicit  funds.  The  incidental  fees  were  doubled 
and  finally  the  arrearages  in  salaries  were  paid  out  of  the 
capital  of  the  Centenary  Society  fund.  The  subscriptions  to 
the  alumni  professorship  were  not  large.  Alexander  Bradley, 
of  IMttsburgli,  however,  made  generous  gifts,  whereby  the 
Bradley  chair  of  Latin  language  and  literature  was  established 
in  1SG8. 

Many  who  had  lost  ]>ro])erty  through  C.  A'.  Culver  became 
bitter  assailants  of  the  man.  His  prominence  in  the  IJepubli- 
can  ]iarty  allowed  his  oi)pouents  to  make  much  jiolitical  capital 
of  the  ex-Congressman's  reverses.  ]?ecause  of  Culver's  con- 
n(H-tion  with  Allegheny,  he  remaining  a  Trustee,  his  misfor- 
tunes in  some  degree  reacted  upon  the  institution.  These  were 
trying  years  and  under  the  strain  the  health  of  Dr.  Loomis 
gave  \\ay,  he  being  excused  from  teaching  duties  in  lS<J8-70. 

;Many  students  who  were  enrolled  after  the  Civil  M'av  su])- 
jilied  a  ucav  ty])e  of  material.  Not  a  few  had  seen  active  an<l 
honorable  service  in  the  northern  armies.  The  battle-scarred 
captain,  the  lieutenant  and  the  veteran  of  the  ranks  ini^roduced 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

into  the  college  life  on  the  Hill  phases  hitherto  largely  un- 
known to  the  academic  shades.  A  spirit  of  mischief  was  abroad 
and  discipline  grew  somewhat  lax.  Eventually  these  men 
versed  in  the  school  of  arms  yielded  to  the  sway  of  the  arts 
and  sciences  and  went  forth  again  to  play  their  parts  well  in 
the  world  of  i^eaceful  affairs. 

The  Methodists  of  Meadville  dedicated  on  July  2U.  ISGS,  the 
large  structure  usually  called  the  Stone  Church.  The  promi- 
nent site  on  the  "'Diamond''  was  secured  by  the  purchase  and 
gift  of  C.  V.  Culver.  Dr.  Hamnett  and  Mr.  Harvey  Henderson, 
T)?.  then  a  Trustee  of  Allegheny,  had  much  of  the  responsibility 
in  the  erection  of  the  building,  which,  for  the  period,  was  an 
aml)itious  undertaking.  The  dedicatory  services  were  con- 
ducted by  Bishops  Simpson  and  Kingsley  whom  the  community 
delighted  to  honor  as  former  citizens.  The  great  edifice  be- 
came closely  connected  with  the  official  occasions  of  the  college 
for  the  next  fjuarter  of  a  century,  being  the  scene  of  commence- 
ment week  events. 

A  quadrennium  after  Allegheny  had  celebrated  iis  semi- 
centennial, it  took  the  radical  steji  of  the  admission  of  women. 
Tlie  matter  had  been  debated  some  years.  A  majority  and 
minority  report  on  the  issue  were  sul)mitted  in  a  Trustees' 
meeting  in  18G7  and  action  deferred.  l*resident  Derickson  of 
ilie  Board  favored  the  opening  of  the  doors  to  the  sex.  Dr. 
Hyde  was  also  a  strong  champion  of  the  ladies.  On  June  23, 
1870,  Dr.  Holmes,  of  the  Pittsburgh  Board  of  Control,  came 
before  the  Trustees  to  advocate  the  measure  and  Mr.  J.  H.  Leu- 
hart  offered  tlie  resolution  which  made  Allegheny  a  coeduca- 
tional institution.  In  the  same  year  the  University  of  Michi- 
gan, llie  leading  school  in  the  west,  took  similar  action.  Ar 
the  Alleglieny  alumni  banquet  in  June,  tlie  popular  toast  was, 
'*To  the  ladies,  the  future  alumni". 

AVomen  entered  into  the  same  cour.ses  with  the  men,  but  not 
for  a  year  did  they  have  the  use  of  the  sch<)larshi]»s.  There 
was  no  little  ])rejndice  against  the  innovation,  but  the  ability, 
the  fine  spirit  and  the  tact  of  the  women  soon  disarmed  criti- 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 


cism.  The  number  who  availed  themselves  of  the  privilege  was 
very  small  for  several  years  and  they  were  largely  drawn  from 
Meadville  and  vicinity.  In  September,  1870,  three  young 
ladies  enrolled  as  Freshmen  :    Miss  Mary  Darrow,  of  Kinsman, 

Ohio;  ^liss  Almira  M;usteller, 
of  Meadville,  and  Mis.s  Adelle 
Williams,  daughter  of  I'rofes- 
sor  Williams.  The  next  year 
Miss  Ella  Xasli  passed  ad- 
vanced examinations  and  was 
admitted  to  the  Junior  Class 
and  became,  in  1S73,  the  first 
woman  graduate.  The  Repub- 
lican of  June  27tli  wrote : 

"As  Miss  Nash,  of  Meadville, 
an  accomplished  young  lady,  who 
possesses  an  energy  of  character 
that  few  of  her  sex  can  equal, 
came  forward  upon  the  platform, 
she  was  greeted  with  a  hearty  ap- 
plause that  said,  'Welcome  and 
honor  to  the  first  lady  graduate  of 
Allegheny  College'.  In  her  oration 
on  'The  Silent',  she  made  poetry, 
music,  painting  and  sculpture  as 
agencies  of  powerful,  though  silent 
influence  in  the  world.  In  the  de- 
velopment of  her  ideas,  the  audi- 
ence was  treated  probably  to  the  best  written  address  given  at  the 
commencement  exercises." 

In  the  Class  of  1875,  the  women  took  both  first  and  second 
honors.  In  1873,  there  were  eight  Freshmen  to  enroll  and  the 
next  year  seven,  then  the  number  fell  otf.  When  Miss  Ida  M. 
Tarbell  was  the  solitary  new  matriculate  in  187G,  there  were 
but  two  Seniors  and  two  Juniors  of  her  sex  in  Allegheny.  The 
showing  was  usually  better  in  the  preparatory  department, 
yet  the  feminine  students  did  not  crowd  into  the  class  rooms 
of  Bentley.  The  men  thus  gradually  came  to  accept  coeduca- 
tion as  a  matter  of  course. 

The  beginning  of  the  decade  brought  changes  again  in  the 


Miss  Williams,  '74 


[  107  ] 


HI8T0KY  OF  ALLEGHI<:XY  COLLEGE 

Faculty.  Dr.  William  Huuter  resigned  as  the  head  of  the 
Biblical  department.  The  founding  of  distinctive  theological 
seminaries  by  the  Methodist  Church  attracted  students  from 
the  divinity  courses  offered  in  the  colleges.  But  for  several 
years  special  instruction  was  open  in  Allegheny  to  those  pre- 
])aring  for  the  pulpit,  though  the  Kramer  professorship  of 
Hebrew  and  Biblical  literature  was  not  always  assigned.  Pro- 
fessor George  F.  Comfort,  in  1871,  went  to  the  chair  of  modern 
languages  in  t?yracuse  and  was  succeeded  by  Charles  W.  Reid, 
fresh  from  "study  abroad". 

The  suggested  alumni  i)rofessorship  received  further  dis- 
cussion in  the  gathering  of  1870,  but  the  revival  of  this  year 
of  a  project  of  the  Erie  Conference  was  given  a  more  hearty 
sn]>port.  Bislu*])  Kingsley  had  met  an  untimely  (h'ath  at 
Bey  rout,  Syria,  April  G,  on  the  tirst  episcopal  missionary  tour 
of  the  world.  It  was  urged  strongly  now  that  the  plan  to 
endow  a  chair  in  his  honor  at  his  alma  mater,  for  which  several 
thousand  dollars  had  l)een  subscribed,  should  be  completed. 
Special  collections  were  taken  and  the  fund  slowly  grew. 

The  Chamberlain  bequest  led  to  much  litigation.  The  first 
decision  was  against  the  Centenary  Fund  Society  as  a  foreign 
corporation.  In  the  New  York  Court  of  Appeals,  judgment 
was  rendered  in  favor  of  a  division  of  a  portion  of  the  estate 
of  the  Ju<lge.  The  original  sum  of  the  will  shrunk  to  small 
])i'oportions  and,  in  fact,  the  ]niblicity  of  this  seemingly  large 
gift  was  said  to  have  deterred  other  liberally-minded  persons 
from  aiding  the  college.  A  ])lain,  straight  gift  of  five  thousand 
dolhu's.  in  187:>,  by  Hon.  J.  >V.  Howe,  a  former  Trustee,  came 
at  a  ne('(ly  time. 

A  lively  debate  arose  in  the  last  years  of  the  presidency  of 
Dr.  Loomis  over  the  system  of  the  government  of  the  college. 
Members  of  the  l-^rie  Conference  favoi-e<l  a  new  charter.  Dr. 
Hyde  became  the  (•liami)io!i  of  a  smallei'  Boai-d  of  Trustees 
with  limited  tenure.  The  j<Hnt  Board  of  Conti-ol  was  o]t])Osed 
;is  <unil»rons  and  preventing  unity  of  administration.  A 
sli'ong  plea  was  nia<h'  to  allow  the  alumni  to  elect  Trustees. 
The   rittsbui'gh   Conference  di<l   not    su])i»ort    the  ameiidments 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

and  certain  Meadville  nieniboi'8  of  the  Board  were  very  hostile 
to  any  change. 

The  big  problem  of  the  time  was  liow  to  get  more  stu<lents 
The  steady  decline  in  attendance  was  ominons.  Witli  a  snc- 
cessive  enrollment  in  the  entire  four  classes  of  00,  07  and  ~y2. 
the  situation  might  well  dishearten  the  president.  The  pre- 
paratory department  had  shruidc  in  size  below  that  of  any 
period  since  1833.  It  was  as  low  as  iT)  in  ISTl.  AVith  the  total 
numbers  in  the  collegiate  aiul  academic  courses  less  than  100, 
including  the  women,  as  in  1871  and  1872,  Allegheny  would 
seem  to  require  heroic  treatment  to  get  out  of  the  slough. 

The  perpetual  scholarships  were  no  longer  in  this  era  an 
inducement  to  patronage.  It  was  a  time  of  financial  stress. 
The  experience  with  Culver  Hall  had  not  been  a  complete 
success.  There  had  been  student  petitions  against  the  man- 
agement. The  rate  of  expenses  was  high.  The  small  prepara- 
tory adjunct  could  not  supply  many  college  students.  Those 
prepared  in  seminaries  elsewhere  did  not  largely  come  to 
Meadville.  The  competition  of  other  institutions  now  grew 
more  intense  and  Allegheny  appeared  to  be  in  a  quiescent 
state. 

^'arious  remedies  were  suggested.  An  extreme  proposal 
was  to  remove  the  college  from  Meadville.  The  Joint  Board 
of  Control  wanted  a  law  school  to  be  established  and  also 
asked  that  a  departmeitt  of  music,  j^ainting  and  drawing  be 
added,  presumably  for  the  yottng  women.  The  Trustees,  how- 
ever, were  averse  to  any  innovations.  Gradually  the  attend- 
aitce  again  advanced  above  the  hundred  mark. 

Finally,  President  Loomis  gave  formal  notiflcation,  in 
June,  1873,  that  he  wottld  resign  his  office  during  the  coming- 
year.  This  was  done  April  22,  1871,  and  the  Board  of  Control 
notified  to  find  a  successor.  The  last  commencement  season  of 
Dr.  Lootnis  was  made  a  notable  affair.  Dr.  Haven,  secretary 
of  the  new  Board  of  Education  of  the  ^lethodist  Church,  and 
Dr.  Hurst,  president  of  Drew  Seminary,  were  present  to  give 
addresses.  The  quadrennial  alumni  reunion  drew  a  large 
company  to  Meadville.  William  Reynolds,  '37,  was  made  the 
president  of  the  association.     A  large  coni])any  of  over  three 

[   3^>i»  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

hundred  were  served  at  tables  on  the  caniims  in  front  of 
Bentlev  Hall.  Mr.  Reynolds  made  an  instructive  and  inspiring 
speech  upon  the  early  history  of  Allegheny.  Six  thousand 
dollars  were  subscribed  by  six  persons  for  the  much  mooted 
alumni  chair,  twenty-five  thousand  to  be  secured  to  make  the 
gifts  binding. 

The  retiring  president  had  the  esteem  and  kindly  regard 
of  tlie  alumni,  the  friends  of  the  college  and  citizens  generally. 
His  very  mannerisms  made  him  clierished  by  all  wlio  knew 
him.  Though  the  students  dubbed  him  the  "Great  Iambic", 
they  honored  liim  warmly  for  his  unsparing  efforts  in  behalf 
of  the  college.  His  administration  encountered  obstacles  as 
stubborn  and  as  unforseen  as  those  which  met  Timothy  Alden 
in  the  early  years.  When  Dr.  Loomis  went  from  Allegheny,  he 
left  an  institution  greatly  improved  in  its  educational  organi- 
zation and  much  strengthened  in  its  financial  resources  as  ad- 
ministered by  the  Centenary  Society  corporations.  The  grade 
of  scliolarship  maintained  through  his  regime  was  worthy  of 
the  high  ideals  of  the  founder  of  the  college. 

The  Board  of  Trustees,  upon  his  retirement,  made  the 
following  minute: 

"To  have  kept  and  enlarged  in  so  many  ways  a  trust  haiided  down 
by  such  predecessors  as  Alden.  Ruter,  Clark  and  Barker  entitle  Dr. 
Loomis  to  more  than  a  formal  resolution.  Beginning  under  in.uispicious 
conditions,  he  has  passed  a  term  of  faithful,  earnest  service.  In  addi- 
tion to  the  duties  connected  with  his  chair  of  instruction,  he  not  only 
devised,  but  secured  liberal  things  for  the  general  interest  of  the 
college.  The  increases  in  realty,  in  dormitory,  in  museums  of  science 
and  of  art  history  and  in  apparatus  are  for  the  eye  and  ear  to  measure. 
But  who  shall  estimate  the  cumulative  influences  implanted  in  hundreds 
ot  young  men  sent  into  active  life.  The  nascent  powers  of  a  young 
mind  molded  by  the  teacher  are  his  best  monument." 

AVIiile  1li('  seardi  f(»r  a  president  was  made,  I M-.  llamnett 
jierformed  the  executive  duties  for  a  year.  Professor  .lames 
Marvin  resigned  in  December  to  become  the  h»'ad  of  the  T'ni- 
versily  of  Kansas.  Th<'  chair  of  mathematics  was  assigned  to 
Dr.  Haninett  and  the  vacant  ])r(>fess()rshi]»  of  Latin  language 
and   literal  lire  was  tilhMJ  by  tlie  e.\cell<'nt   choice  <»f  George  W. 

[   200   ] 


Rev.  Lucius  H.  Bugbee.  D.D.,  President  18T4-82. 


HISTOKY   OF  ALLEGHENY   COLLEGE 

Iias^kill^^,  'GJ:.  The  chairiiuni  of  the  Board  of  Control,  Kev. 
Moses  Hill,  -UK  had  taken  the  lead  in  the  qnest  for  the  sixth 
president  of  Allegheny.  The  nomination  was  made  and  elec- 
tion by  the  Trustees  followed  on  Feb.  15,  1875.  The  new 
leader  selected  was  the  president  of  the  Wesleyan  Female 
College  at  Cincinnati. 

The  Eev.  Lucius  Halen  Bugbee,  D.  D.,  was  born  at 
Gowanda,  N.  Y.,  and  fitted  for  college  at  the  Genesee  AVesleyan 
Seminary  in  Lima.  He  was  in  Genesee  College  from  1850-53 
and  then  went  to  Amherst  College  for  his  Senior  year,  taking 
his  degree  in  1854:.  He  served  as  professor  of  belles  lettres  in 
the  Cooperstown  Female  College,  New  Y'ork,  1854-5.  He  was 
in  charge  of  a  banking  house  in  Iowa.  1855-7,  at  the  same  time 
being  ordained  deacon  and  elder  in  the  Methodist  Church  and 
admitted  to  the  L'pper  Iowa  Conference  in  1857.  He  next  be- 
came for  three  years  the  principal  of  the  Fayette  Seminary, 
later  known  as  L'pjjer  Iowa  University. 

Dr.  Bugbee  served  as  pastor  of  a  strong  Chicago  congrega- 
tion during  war  times.  From  18G5  to  1808  he  presided  over 
the  Northwestern  Female  College  at  Evanstou,  111.  He  was 
next  called  to  the  Cincinnati  college,  which,  founded  in  1842, 
liad  grown  to  be  the  model  female  educational  institution  in 
Methodism.  His  presidency  for  a  term  of  seven  years  had  been 
attende<l  with  conspicuous  success.  His  work  there  had  beeu 
widely  and  favorably  reported  in  the  denominational  press. 
Therefore,  in  selecting  its  new  executive,  Allegheny  felt  it  had 
.secure<l  a  num  with  high  reputation  for  ability  and  for  scholar- 
.sliip  and  of  long  tested  experience  as  a  teacher. 

The  inauguration  cei'emonies  in  Ihe  Stone  Church,  June  23, 
Mere  marked  with  a  s])irit  that  indicated  the  ])uri»osc  of  the 
friends  of  tlu*  college  to  helj)  to  bring  to  pass  a  new  era  in 
Allegheny.  The  address  of  welconu'  was  made  by  Dr.  Loomis, 
the  oath  of  othce  administered  by  .Judge  ^VaItel•  II.  Lowrie  and 
the  keys  of  tli<'  <'oll«'ge  handed  over  by  the  Pi-esident  of  the 
Tinst('<'s.  Alexander  Hradley.  Kev.  Moses  Hill  brought  the 
iiM'ssage  of  the  alumni  and  then  Dr.  Bngbee  gave  his  inaugural 
address  on  the  theme  of  what  is  essential  to  a  college 
<'dn("it  ion. 

[   202  ] 


HisToKV  OF  aijj:(iiikxy  co].lk(;i-: 

SentiiiKMits  liaviiiji'  a  local  ajiplicatioii  were  thus  exju-es.sed  : 

"I  bring  you  today  the  judgment  from  abroad,  touching  the  honest, 
sound  work  done  by  this  college  during  the  sixty  years  of  its  history. 
I  am  free  to  say  the  reputation  of  Allegheny  for  solidity  and  lor  thor- 
oughness of  instruction  is  of  more  value  in  the  estimation  of  a  discrim- 
inating public,  than  though  it  were  in  possession  of  properties  and 
endowments  twice  as  large  without  this  reputation.  Solidity  wins  in 
the  long  run.  *  *  ""  You  are  under  obligation,  having  opened  the 
doors  of  the  college  to  women,  to  provide  for  them  a  home.  There  is 
a  providential  opportunity  in  this  section  for  their  education.  You 
have  the  teaching  force,  the  illustrative  agencies  in  your  extensive 
collections,  you  only  want  the  decision  and  the  enthusiasm  to  afford 
the  proper  facilities  for  young  women.  Later,  plans  must  be  elaborated 
for  the  erection  of  a  chapel  and  library,  a  scientific  building  and  observa- 
tory. 

The  new  adiiiiiiistration  .set  energetieally  to  work.  Kepairs 
on  the  buildings  and  the  grounds  had  been  ordered  and  now 
they  were  made.  The  citizens  of  Meadville  began  an  improve 
ment  fund  of  twenty  thousand  dollars.  The  opening  chapel 
service  of  the  fall  met  in  the  grove  on  the  camj^us.  Enter  Hall 
was  being  thoroughly  renovated.  The  chapel  assembly  room  on 
its  second  floor  was  enlarged,  refrescoed  and  fitted  with  carpet, 
chairs  and  a  j^iano.  There  was  a  fonnal  rededication  on  Nov. 
oO,  and  a  large  company  was  present  to  rejoice  over  the  better 
order  of  things. 

Similar  changes  were  wrought  in  Bentley  Hall,  the  recita- 
tion rooms  being  entirely  refitted  and  beautified.  In  the  base- 
ment floor,  three  rooms,  20x40,  were  fitted  up  as  chemical 
laboratories.  The  grounds  were  graded,  walks  laid  and  the 
miniature  lake  or  pond  filled.  The  atmosphere  and  the  api)ear- 
ance  on  the  Hill  were  quite  changed  within  a  few  months  with 
an  expenditure  of  some  seven  thou.sand  dollars. 

This  transformation  attected  at  first  only  the  immediate 
college  body.  There  was  no  growth  in  attendance  the  opening 
year  of  Dr.  Bugbee.  His  policies  were  being  formulated  and 
not  widely  known.  An  imjtortant  step  was  the  placing  of 
Culver  Hall  under  the  charge  of  Professor  Keid,  who  organized 
the  co-operative  method  of  boarding,  and  the  rate  fell  from 
five  to  three  dollars  a  week. 

[  20:5  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

The  ceuteimial  year  of  American  iiulepeiideuce  was  now 
used  to  point  a  financial  campaign  in  belialf  of  Alleglienv. 
The  plan  was  laid  by  Dr.  Bugbee,  pursuant  of  General  Con- 
ference suggestion,  before  the  Erie  Conference,  which  voted  to 
raise  fifty  thousand  dollars.  Then  in  January  the  president 
was  ready  with  a  three-fold  program.  First,  complete  the 
Kiugsley  professorship  for  the  Erie  share,  upon  which  thirteen 
thousand  dollars  had  been  pledged,  and  work  after  that  for 
the  amount  named.  Second,  in  the  Pittsburgh  Conference 
area,  plan  to  secure  fifty  thousand  to  endow  two  chairs.  Third, 
let  the  alumni  organize  and  raise  twenty  thousand  for  a  fire- 
proof library  or  a  scientific  building. 

The  Erie  Conference  took  a  lively  interest  in  the  centennial 
gift  and  held  educational  rallies  of  the  various  districts  at 
New  Castle,  Erie  and  Jamestown,  X.  Y.  The  progress  of  the 
college  was  set  fortli  in  addresses  by  members  of  the  Faculty 
and  schemes  discussed  of  how  to  obtain  the  funds.  The  final 
method  evolved  was  to  have  tlie  college  office  prepare  a  circular 
and  send  it  to  the  pastors  of  the  Conferences  with  subscriptiot 
card  and  envelope,  asking  for  one  dollar  from  each  ftimily  in 
the  charge.  The  device  was  not  put  into  operation  until  the 
close  of  the  year.  Community  campaigns  for  gifts  yielded 
much  better  results. 

A  centennial  year  alumni  gathering  was  projected  in  June 
and  many  were  attracted  to  ^leadville.  The  special  feature 
was  the  return  of  Dr.  J.  M.  Thoburn  after  nineteen  years  in 
India.  He  made  a  notable  address  upon  *'The  l*ractical  Man". 
The  internal  prosperity  of  the  college  was  the  cause  of  much 
joy  at  Ihe  commencement  season.  Dr.  Bugbee  was  said  to  be 
in  ])eril  of  tlial  ]>o]>ubnity  wliich  falls  on  a  man  when  all  speak 
well  of  him. 

The  executive  jtolicy  was  now  well  matured  and  iwo  fea- 
tures of  ir  were  inaugurated  in  Sei)teml)er,  the  renting  of  a 
lioiiie  for  young  women  and  tlie  expansion  of  the  ])reparatory 
school.  Tlie  tliird  ste]»  was  still  deferred,  though  two  ai>])lica- 
tions  had  been  made  to  Washington  to  Jiave  a  T^nit(M|  States 
military  oflicei'  «letaile(l  to  give  instruclioii  in  Allegheny  Col- 
l<'ge.    The  "young  ladies'  home"  was  a  small  house  on  Highland 

[   -'Ot   1 


IirSTOKV   OF  ALLK(JIIEXY   ('OLLEOE 

avenue  in  the  rear  of  Culver  Hall.  The  preparatory  depart- 
ment began  with  one  assigned  instructor,  .1.  8.  McKay.  'TO.  It 
had  a  three  years'  course  of  study,  arranged  to  tit  for  college. 
This  school  was  not  intended  to  l»e  an  academy  or  a  seminary. 

The  attendance  of  the  second  year  reflected  the  estimate 
abroad  of  the  improved  situation.  The  advance  was  seventy 
per  cent  over  the  previous  term,  ^fore  entered  the  first  year 
preparatory  class  than  had  been  enrolled  in  the  entire  acadmic 
course  in  any  year  of  the  ten  preceding.  The  students  pre- 
paring for  college  were  135,  so  that  this  inunber,  combined  with 
the  collegiate  showing,  raised  the  total  above  two  hundred,  the 
first  time  since  1861.  The  president  Avas  much  interested  in 
all  student  activities.  He  encouraged  the  literain-  societies 
and  the  two  halls  were  handsonu^ly  refitted.  Lecture  courses 
on  literary  topics  by  Professor  Nathan  Sheppard,  of  Chicago, 
were  maintained  by  the  Ossoli  Literary  Society  and  the  Junior 
class.  The  college  j^eriodical.  the  Campus,  made  its  bow  under 
tlie  editorsliip  of  A.  J.  Maxwell,  A.  C.  Ellis  and  Wayne 
"Whipple. 

The  military  professorship  became  a  reality  in  the  spring. 
An  act  of  Congress,  July  ~),  ISTO,  had  provided  that  thirty  offi- 
cers be  detailed  to  give  instruction  in  the  colleges  of  the  nation, 
the  salaries  being  ]>aid  by  the  government.  A  knowledge  of 
sound  military  principles  was  to  ])e  spread  among  the  people 
by  means  of  the  schools.  Tlie  report  was  nmde  public  Feb. 
28.  1877,  that  Lieutenant  F.  W.  Hess  had  bc^n  assigned  to 
Allegheny  and  the  Trustees  made  him  professor  of  military 
science  and  tactics.  His  duties  began  April  4  and  in  a  mouth 
there  was  a  battalion  of  two  companies.  From  Washington 
came  one  hundred  ami  fifty  Springfield  rifles  and  two  brass 
field  pieces,  six-pounders. 

Lieutenant  Hess,  or  Major,  as  he  was  usually  addressed, 
was  an  excellent  choice  to  establish  the  new  system.  He  had 
entered  the  volunteer  service  in  1861  as  captain  of  the  Fif- 
teenth Pennsylvania  and  was  mustered  out  a  nuijor  in  1805, 
having  been  promoted  for  bravery  at  Gettysburg.  In  1866,  he 
had  become  a  lieutenant  in  the  Eleventh  V.  S.  Infantry,  was 
transferred  to  the  Third  U.  S.  Artillery  an<l  graduated  from 

[  205   ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

the  artillery  sehool  at  Fortress  Monroe  iii  lS7o.  He  was  sta- 
tioned at  varions  forts  and  then  removed  to  AVasliingtou  as 
assistant  quartermaster  in  187G.  Tlie  Major  at  Meadville  made 
addresses  and  published  expositions  of  the  advantages  ot 
military  drill.  The  student  body  thus  came  to  feel  that  in  lieu 
of  a  gymnasium  it  had  a  valuable  substitute  for  physical 
training. 

In  June  the  scholastic  year  was  reviewed  with  large  satis- 
faction. The  cannon  were  posted  on  the  campus  and  added 
their  note  to  the  jubilee.  The  first  exhibition  of  the  college 
battalion  aroused  much  enthusiasm.  Fair  success  in  the  finan- 
cial efforts  was  reported.  President  Bradley,  of  the  Trustees, 
increased  his  gift  to  twenty-five  thousand  dollars.  The  influx 
of  students  caused  the  discussion  of  building  a  second  dormi- 
tory for  men.  There  was  a  notion  the  attendance  would  grow 
to  three  hundred  the  next  term.  A  real  esprit  de  corps  had 
been  created  in  the  two  years  of  the  Bugbee  regime.  Many 
came  to  do  him  honor  in  the  reception  held  in  the  chapel  of 
Enter  Hall. 

The  courses  of  insti-uction,  classified  under  six  schools, 
were  now  completed  and  made  a  brave  showing  in  the  elabo- 
rate catalogue  of  1877.  This  was  a  publication  of  ninety  pages, 
as  compared  with  the  twenty-four  of  the  issue  of  1874;.  The 
school  of  Hebrew  and  Biblical  literature  was  given  a  fresh 
emphasis,  Br.  Hyde  being  transferred  to  it  from  the  Greek 
chair.  President  Bugbee  believed  there  were  not  enough  theo- 
logical seminaries  in  Methodism  for  the  candidates  entering 
the  ministry  and  the  college  should  help  meet  the  nc-ed.  The 
school  of  Latin  and  modern  languages  Avas  created.  Professor 
Beid  having  charge  in  addition  to  the  Greek  instruction. 

The  following  year  brought  the  expected  increase,  t!ie  num- 
ber in  tlie  prei)aratory  school  alone  ecpialing  the  total  attend- 
ance of  187r»-7.  Two  ncAV  instructors  were  W.  G.  Williams,  '75, 
in  modern  languages,  and  J.  H.  Montgomery,  '77,  in  science 
and  Latin.  The  military  feature  grew  in  favor.  Tn  the  winter 
the  basement  of  Library  Hall  down  town  Avas  used  as  an 
armory.  An  improvement  of  much  moment  was  the  reorgani- 
zation of  the  library  under  the  direction  of  Professor  Tingley. 

[  207  ] 


HI8T0KY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

This  scientist  gave  public  lectures  and  maintained  one  of  the 
most  thorough  departments  in  the  college;  yet  he  fouud  time 
to  assume  the  new  care.  He  travelled  at  home  and  abroad  in 
the  interest  of  the  library.  Besides  the  collection  of  David 
Dick.  Esq..  other  valuable  additions  amounting  to  some  thou- 
sand volumes  were  made. 

Again,  a  quadrennial  reunion  of  the  alumni  came  round. 
The  address  was  by  Hon.  B.  F.  Martin.  '54,  a  West  Virginia 
Congressman.  Four  score  returned  to  the  banquet  on  the 
campus  and  the  tales  of  other  days  were  loyally  recited. 
]?eminiscences  of  the  times  of  Presidents  Clark  and  Barker 
abounded.  The  project  was  started  of  forming  brancli  alumni 
associations  in  the  large  cities.  In  the  matter  of  the  long- 
mooted  alumni  professorship,  a  committee  of  young  graduates 
was  named  with  the  expectancy  that  the  chair  might  be  filled 
witliin  the  life  time  of  its  members. 

One  plan  of  Dr.  Bugbee  unrealized  was  the  erection  of  a 
building  for  young  women  on  the  campus.  He  took  counsel 
with  citizen  and  with  student  and  talked  his  desire  far  and 
wide.  The  Trustees  decided  on  a  site  west  of  Bentley  and  had 
an  architect  submit  a  plan.  A  picture  of  this  proposed  Ladies' 
Hall  was  put  in  the  catalogue  of  1878  and  the  search  of  a 
possible  donor  went  on.  And  he  was  found  in  the  person  of 
Marcus  Hulings,  of  Oil  City,  a  man  whose  name  had  been  con- 
nected with  several  benevolences.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Preslnterian  Church. 

Mr.  Hulings  agreed  on  .Tune  .Ith,  1870,  to  give  five  thousand 
dollars  toward  the  building  if  a  like  sum  was  raised  by  the 
Board.  His  challenge  was  at  once  met  by  the  fi-iends  of  the 
college  subscribing  its  (piota.  He  later  increased  his  gilt.  The 
architect's  ])lans  being  long  well  known,  the  contract  for  the 
building  was  let  so  (juickly  that  the  cornerstone  laying  came 
in  <-()mnienc('ment  week,  on  -lune  2.")th.  An  ehxpient  address 
was  made  by  the  chief  benefactoi*  on  the  Christian  eilucation 
of  women.  l{epres<'iiting  the  student  body,  a  ]»ai)er  written  by 
Miss  Ida  M.  Tarlxdl,  '80,  was  read.  Among  other  things  she 
said  : 

"The  movement  for  the  Ladies'  Hall  shows  much  of  pure  pluck. 
The    Kirls    have   appreciated    its    necessity    and    made    the   best    of   their 

[   208  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

surroundings  in  the  past.  They  said,  'we  were  allowed  to  come  to 
Allegheny  College  and  shall  remain,  then  by  and  by  they  will  have  to 
prepare  a  place  for  us'.  When  we  see  our  hopes  now  about  to  be 
realized,  each  one  has  a  heart-felt  gratitude  that  this  hall  has  been 
begun.  For  those  who  come  after  us  a  way  is  furnished  to  hundreds 
of  young  women  of  all  this  region,  who  will  be  induced  by  this  college 
home  on  the  campus  to  seek  a  higher  education. 


Huliiifrs  Hall 

"As  we  lay  the  cornerstone  of  this  structure  today,  firm  and  solid, 
so  will  a  great  procession  of  girls  in  coming  years  lay  the  cornerstones 
of  their  lives.  They  will  obtain  something  here  that  whatever  life 
may  be  to  them,  they  will  have  a  foundation  so  firm  that  their  woman- 
hood will  not  yield.  They  will  become  so  strong  and  self-reliant  that 
they  will  be  able  to  benefit  and  not  hinder  the  world. 

"We  are  deeply  thankful  to  many  friends  who  have  helped  on  this 
work   by   words    and   deeds.      Above    all,    we    express   our    gratitude    to 

[   209   ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

Faculty  and  fellow  students.  As  to  our  classmates,  never  were  women 
in  college  halls  treated  more  royally  than  we  are,  never  was  truer 
chivalry  manifested  than  in  the  respect  and  kindness  with  which  Alle- 
gheny women  are  received  by  Allegheny  men.  We  are  deeply  debtors 
to  very  many  for  the  new  surroundings  to  come  in  our  college  life  and 
we  purpose  by  improving  these  means  for  better  culture,  to  show  you 
the  gratitude  of  true  women." 

Hillings  Hall  was  the  name  given  to  the  new  building.  It 
was  93x85  feet  in  size,  three  stories  high,  with  accommodations 
for  eighty  some  students.  The  structure  was  ready  for  occu- 
pancy in  little  more  than  a  year,  being  opened  in  the  fall  term 
of  1880.  Miss  Harriet  Linn,  '80,  (Mrs.  R.  C.  Beebe)  was  the 
first  preceptress.  The  addition  of  this  home  for  young  ladies 
to  the  equipment  of  the  college  placed  coeducation  in  Alle- 
gheny beyond  the  experimental  stage  and  assured  its  future. 

With  the  decade  of  the  Eighties,  the  size  of  the  graduating 
classes  evidenced  the  results  of  the  preparatory  school.  The 
average  number  to  receive  diplomas  for  eight  years  had  been 
thirteen.  The  Class  of  1880  had  twenty-one  members,  that  of 
1881,  twenty-six.  Tlie  high-water  mark  of  attendance  under 
Dr.  Bugbee  was  in  1879.  Major  Hess,  having  finished  his  detail 
of  three  years,  was  succeeded  Aug.  12,  1880,  by  Lieutenant  G. 
O.  Webster,  of  the  Fourth  U.  S.  Infantry.  He  became  Major 
Webster  at  the  head  of  the  college  battalion.  He  had  gradu- 
ated at  West  Point  in  1866  and  distinguished  himself  in  the 
canij)aign  against  the  T'te  Indians,  being  on  the  noted  expedi- 
tion of  rJeneral  Merritt.  Major  Webster  continued  the  excel- 
lent work  of  his  predecessor.  The  battalion  consisted  of  four 
companies,  tlie  average  total  strength  being  125. 

The  enlarged  college  meant  increased  expenses.  The  Cen- 
tenarv  Fund  Societies  Avere  in  a  healthy  condition.  Tliat  of  the 
Pittsbnigli  corporation  liad  been  increased  by  wise  investment. 
The  Flic  Conference  fund,  by  various  gifts,  aggregated  over 
one  JMiiidred  tliousand  dollars.  Yet  the  contingent  or  matricu- 
hifion  fees  were  inci-eased  to  forty-five  dollars  a  year  to  lielp 
meet  the  Itndget.  The  revenues  from  tliis  source  had  now 
gi'owii  fr-((ni  sixteen  Iniiidred  to  twelve  tliousand  dolbus.  The 
Boiii-(l    cMlliMl    f(»T"   an    additioiuil    endowment   of   one   liundred 

r  210  1 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGUI:NY  COLLEGE 

thousand.  The  goveniiiig  boards  did  not  always  agree  in  their 
financial  plans  and  s<nne  friction  arose  on  the  adjustment  of 
salaries. 

President  Eugbee  was  excused  from  teaching  duties  in 
1881  and  gave  his  attention  to  the  business  interests  of  the 
college.  He  was  not  a  man  of  vigorous  constitution  and  his 
health  grew  more  impaired.  Yet  the  community  and  student 
body  were  much  surprised  and  greatly  grieved  when  his  resig- 
nation was  handed  to  the  Trustees  June  28,  LS82.  Dr.  Bugbee 
sought  rest  in  Xew  Y'ork  to  recover  his  physical  powers,  but 
died  on  July  28,  188;^.  An  impressive  memorial  service  was 
held  in  the  Stone  Church  at  which  eulogies  were  made  by  Dr. 
A.  B.  Hyde  and  Dr.  D.  H.  Wheeler. 

The  administration  of  the  sixth  president  of  Allegheny 
brought  a  new  era  to  the  college.  The  external  evidences  of 
the  im])rovement  were  patent  to  even  a  prejudiced  eye.  He 
came  with  high  ambitions  to  Meadville.  He  had  public  spirit, 
sound  practical  judgment  and  energy,  combined  with  a  rare 
amiableness  of  character.  Dr.  Bugbee  was  generally  beloved 
by  the  students.  He  was  interested  in  their  welfare  and  by 
a  vital  personal  contact  with  very  many  of  them  his  influence 
was  of  large  potency.  In  the  commencement  oration  of  S.  P. 
Long,  '84,  it  was  said :  "His  life  continues  in  the  characters  of 
hundreds  of  young  men  and  women  who  have  gone  out  from 
under  his  instruction  to  complete  the  work  which  he  began." 

Allegheny  had  won  a  place  in  harmony  with  its  traditions 
and  opportunities  under  the  leadership  of  President  Bugbee. 
The  undergraduate  was  proud  of  his  college,  the  alumnus  loved 
it  more  dearly  than  before.  The  people  of  Meadville  rallied 
royally  to  its  support  and  pledged  their  means  again  and 
again  to  its  needs.  It  esteemed  the  man  at  its  head  for  his 
character  and  his  work's  sake.  His  labors  in  behalf  of  temper- 
ance and  other  good  causes  were  of  lasting  worth. 

The  best  years  of  the  life  of  Dr.  Bugbee  were  devotedly 
given  to  the  college.  For  his  ])eriod  and  his  circumstances  his 
administration  compares  favorably  with  those  of  other  execu- 
tives of  Allegheny.  It  is  possible  that  in  some  ways  he  was 
ahead  of  his  time  in  his  planning.     The  system  of  the  schools 

r  211  ] 


The  Rev.  I).  K.  Wheeler.  D.I)..  LL.I)..  President  ISSC-S,  1889-33. 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

of  instruction  was  stimulating  to  the  conditions  he  found. 
The  military  and  the  preparatory  schools  rendered  an  im- 
portant service.  The  labors  of  the  President  for  the  promotion 
of  the  education  of  women  is  an  enduring  monument  to  his 
memory.  The  financial  future  of  the  college  was  not  yet  safely 
secured.  Governing  and  Faculty  relations  were  yet  in  flux.  A 
bigger  and  broader  Allegheny  had  come  to  pass.  Dr.  Bugbee 
had  built  well  for  a  better  college  of  the  future. 

Dr.  Hamnett  became  acting  president  and  took  the  chair  of 
philosophy.  His  place  in  the  mathematics  dejiartment  was 
filled  by  tl)e  election  of  I'rofessor  Milton  B.  Goff",  '58,  of  the 
Western  University  of  Pennsylvania.  Professor  W.  G. 
Williams  resigned  the  chair  of  modern  languages  and  his  work 
was  divided  among  the  Faculty. 

A  long-anticipated  disaster  befell  the  college  Dec.  8,  1882, 
when  Culver  Hall  was  burned.  The  wooden  structure  went 
like  a  tinder  box.  Sixty  students  were  residents,  escaping  in 
safety.  The  exits  at  three  in  the  morning  from  a  flaming  build- 
ing, Avith  the  mercury  twenty  below  zero,  were  attended  by 
many  thrilling  as  well  as  ludicrous  experiences.  The  experi- 
ment with  the  boarding  hall  had  never  been  satisfactory  and 
no  immediate  movement  was  made  to  replace  it.  Dr.  Hamnett 
prophesied,  "there  will  rise  phopuix-like  from  Culver's  ashes  a 
more  beautiful  building  to  be  a  greater  ornament  to  the  cam- 
pus and  more  comfortable  to  its  occupants." 

The  seventh  president  of  Allegheny  was  made  known  on 
April  14,  1883.  The  choice  of  the  Board  fell  then  upon  Rev. 
David  H.  Wheeler,  D.  D.,  LL.D.,  the  editor  until  lately  of  the 
Methodist  in  New  York  City.  The  inauguration  took  place 
June  27  in  the  Stone  Church.  The  oath  of  office  was  adminis- 
tered by  Judge  Pearson  Church,  '50,  and  the  keys  of  the  college 
given  by  Hon.  G.  B.  Delamater.  Judge  J.  W.  F.  White,  '42, 
spoke  for  the  Trustees.  The  inaugural  address  was  a  masterly 
expression  on  the  philosophy  of  education. 

Dr.  Wheeler  was  born  at  Ithaca.  N.  Y.,  Nov.  18,  1820.  The 
family  removing  to  Illinois  in  184G.  he  entered  the  Rock  River 
Seminary,  the  leading  institution  of  the  time  in  that  region, 
and  completed  its  course.    After  some  teaching  experience  and 

[  213  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

joui'iialistie  work,  he  served  as  professor  of  Greek  in  Cornell 
College.  Iowa,  1857  to  ISGl.  Next,  as  U.  8.  consul  av  Genoa, 
Italy,  and  war  correspondent  of  the  New  York  Triulxe^  he 
lived  abroad.  In  London  he  organized  the  bureau  of  press 
correspondence.  Dr.  Wheeler  was  brought  to  America  to  take 
the  chair  of  English  literature  in  Northwestern  University, 
which  he  held  with  marked  distinction  for  eight  years.  He 
had  published  in  1864,  at  London,  Brigandage  i)i  South  Italy, 
and  in  1872  he  became  editor  of  the  Lakeside  Monthly,  He 
received  a  call  in  187.5  to  edit  the  influential  organ  of  Metho- 
dism founded  by  George  I.  Seney.  This  periodical  was  now 
to  be  united  with  the  Christian  Advocate  of  New   York. 

The  new  executive  entered  ui^on  his  duties  witli  a  ripe 
experience  as  a  teacher.  He  also  had  been  a  keen  observer  of 
men  and  affairs.  In  literary  ability  he  took  rank  far  above 
any  of  his  predecessors  in  office.  He  had  made  translations 
while  abroad  of  Italian  works.  In  1882,  he  published  a  volume 
entitled  Byicays  of  Literature,  and  1883  a  sketch  of  J.  A. 
Fronde.  He  wielded  a  trencliant  i»en  in  the  editorial  chair. 
His  art  as  a  writer  was  concentration.  He  was  counted  at 
this  time  the  best  paragrapher  in  ^lethodist  journalism. 
Tliough  admitted  to  the  ministry,  Dr.  Wheeler  never  took  a 
regular  charge.  He  was  forceful  as  a  preacher,  his  sermons 
being  models  of  style  and  thought. 

The  senice  to  the  college  by  Dr.  AVheeler  covered  ten  years. 
At  the  end  of  half  tliis  i>eriod  for  a  single  year  he  exchanged 
Ihe  executive  for  tlie  i>rofessorial  chair.  His  persojutl  inclina- 
tion ran  to  teaching  rather  than  to  administrative  duties. 
The  exigencies  of  Allegheny  had  always  placed  on  its  presi- 
dents tlie  burden  of  financial  solicitation.  He  nnist  be  a 
business  agent  as  long  as  tlie  endowment  was  insufficient.  Dr. 
AVhcelcr  could  niak(»  a  stirring  address  on  benevolence  but  he 
shrank  from  tlie  man-to-man  canvass  for  money. 

Tlie  Methodist  Conferences  as  organizations  wrre  now 
res|»(»nding  less  largely  than  in  former  years  to  appeal-^  for  the 
college.  Tlie  enlisting  of  a  more  substantial  sup]>ort  from  the 
alumni  was  imjierative.  .\dditional  embarrassment  had  been 
felt,  because  the  rate  of  interest  on  the  Centenary  funds  had 

[  2U  ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

fallen.  Current  ex})enses  apart  from  salaries  ran  inio  some 
thousands  of  dollars.  But  the  l»ud<^et  came  to  be  more  accu- 
rately define<l  and  the  system  of  financial  administration  much 
imi)rove(l.  Dr.  ^Vheeler  was  jiiven  the  authority  in  his  first 
Trustee  meeting  to  raise  a  sjjccial  fund  to  meet  deficiencies  in 
salaries  by  such  method  as  ]»ieased  him.  A  financial  a<*ent  for 
the  college  was  now  again  ai)pointed. 

It  was  au  open  secret  long  kiu)wn  that  the  relations  on  the 
staff  of  instructors  were  not  harmonious.  As  a  conservative 
alumnus  of  the  Class  of  1S8S  expressed  it  in  the  Ali>egiii:ny 
LiTKRARv  Monthly  of  1911,  "it  is  inexplicable  that  jnembers 
of  such  bodies  as  college  faculties  will  ]»ermit  personalities  to 
obscure  principles  or  will  look  upon  frank  but  honest  ditter- 
ences  of  oj)inion  as  expressions  of  ])ersonal  hostility".  As  the 
situation  did  not  improve,  changes  in  the  personnel  of  the 
Faculty  followed  from  time  to  time. 

Dr.  M.  B.  Goff,  in  18S4,  after  a  brief  but  po]»ular  service 
in  the  Kingsley  professorship  of  mathematics  and  astronomy, 
returjied  to  Bittsbiirgh  to  be  chancellor  of  its  university.  Dr. 
Ammi  B.  Hyde,  completing  twenty  years  in  vigorous,  conscien- 
tious work  in  the  Faculty  in  various  capacities,  transferred  to 
the  L'^niversity  of  Denver,  where  he  then  rounded  out  a  quarter 
of  a  century  of  further  activity  as  professor  of  Greek.  With 
his  departure,  the  Biblical  department  was  no  longer  distinct- 
ively maintained.  Professor  J.  H.  Montgomery  became  tem- 
porary instructor  in  mathematics. 

The  close  of  the  second  year  of  the  Wheeler  regime  brought 
the  return  of  Rev.  W.  G.  Williams  from  the  pastorate  to  be 
professor  of  ethics.  Rev.  Napthali  Luccock  came  from  the 
Pittsburgh  Conference  to  take  the  chair  of  mathematics;  Rev. 
A.  W.  Newlin,  '84,  and  ^Miss  Louise  S.  McClintock.  '77,  as  pre- 
ceptress of  Hulings  Hall,  were  likewise  added  to  the  sraff.  Dr. 
Hamnett,  in  the  previous  year,  had  been  relieved  of  teaching 
duties,  having  had  a  record  of  forty  years  of  faithful  class 
room  work,  and  was  made  librarian,  also  having  the  title  of 
emeritus  ])rofessor  of  philosophy.  Professor  G.  W.  Haskins 
became  vice-president. 

The  patronage  at  this  time  was  fairly  uniform,  the  gradu- 

[  215  ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

ating  classes  averaging  twenty-four.  The  collegiate  depart- 
ment hovered  about  the  one  hundred  mark  with  the  prepara- 
tory slightly  larger,  the  total  two  or  three  score  less  than  at 
the  close  of  the  Bugbee  period.  Dr.  Wheeler  was  an  earnest 
advocate  of  a  classical  education.  He  did  away  at  once  with 
the  nomenclature  of  the  courses  as  presented  in  six  schools 
under  his  predecessor.  His  curriculum  was  presented  in  three 
departments,  the  classical,  instead  of  the  liberal  arts,  the  scien- 
tific, and  the  Latin  and  modern  languages.  Other  adjust- 
ments  were   to   be   made   subsequently. 

A  summary  and  astounding  overturning  by  the  Board  of 
Control  and  Trustees  featured  the  commencement  sen  son  of 
1886.  The  unfriendly  press  designated  the  action  as  ihe  long- 
expected  ''new  deal".  All  of  the  members  of  the  Faculty 
except  the  president  submitted  their  resignations.  There  were 
re-elected  Kev.  N.  Luccock  as  vice-president  and  professor  of 
languages;  Rev.  W.  G.  AVilliams,  professor  of  ethics  and  Ger- 
man ;  Professor  J.  H.  Montgomery,  chair  of  natural  sciences ; 
Professor  C.  S.  Thatcher,  chair  of  mathematics  and  civil  engi- 
neering; Dr.  J.  Hamnett,  librarian,  and  Rev.  A.  W.  Newlin, 
preparatory  school  principal.  The  resignation  of  Pi'ofessor 
Tingley,  which  was  to  take  effect  the  coming  January,  was 
accepted  and  he  was  voted  leave  of  absence  with  pay.  The 
honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws  was  also  conferred  upon 
the  scientist  who  for  twenty-three  years  had  been  a  leading 
stimulating  factor  in  the  educational  life  on  the  Hill.  Pro- 
fessors Haskins  and  Reid  and  ^liss  McClintock  were  also  not 
re-elected. 

Tlie  executive  report  of  tliis  year  outlined  new  i)olicies  in 
tlie  conduct  of  the  college.  Dr.  Wlieek»r  favored  the  entire 
sepai-ation  of  the  ])reparatory  work  into  a  sdiool  with  its  own 
building  and  corps  of  instructors.  His  recommendalion  that 
the  Meadville  Conservatory  of  Music  be  affiliated  was  adopted. 
This  institution  nund>ered  over  a  hundred  students.  The 
^Meadville  Business  College  was  also  affiliated  at  tliis  time. 
^Mvil  (MigiiK'erijig  was  to  receive  more  enqdiasis,  tliough  to 
begin  witli  only  tlie  fundamentals  of  the  subject  could  be  im- 

r  210 1 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 
parted.    A  post  graduate  department  was  likewise  aimounced. 
Expansion  in  many  directions  was  now  the  program. 

In  mathematics  and  civil  engineering  Thatcher  did  not 
accept  his  election  and  Dr.  S.  E.  Stillwell,  thoroughly  trained 
at  Columbia  University,  came  to  the  position  in  the  fall.  He 
raised  the  standard  of  class  room  work  and  set  a  pace  as  a 
teacher  for  his  colleagues.  Internal  matters  appeared  to  be 
fairly  adjusted  after  the  late  upheaval.  The  leadership  of  Dr. 
Wheeler  was  popular  and  a  larger  success  was  predicted  for 
him.  The  next  two  years  the  attendance  was  almost  three 
hundred  in  college  and  preparatory,  the  Senior  classes  growing 
to  exceed  those  of  any  previous  period. 

All  through  the  decade  there  existed  a  vigorous  student 
public  opinion.  The  organ  of  expression  was  the  Campus. 
Many  young  men  and  women  of  talent  and  sound  judgment 
served  as  its  editors.  There  was  no  question  of  administrative 
policy  or  student  concern  that  was  not  freely  discussed.  Pos- 
sibly because  a  consistent  program  for  Allegheny  had  not  yet 
emerged,  the  executive  aims  varying  sharply,  there  was  much 
need  and  opi^ortunity  for  comment  and  debate. 

An  English  department  was  called  for  frequently  by  the 
student  literary  lights.  There  was  much  criticism  when  in- 
struction in  the  modern  languages  was  not  stressed.  A  demand 
was  made  that  trained  instructors  and  specialists  rather  than 
clergymen  and  the  candidates  of  the  patronizing  Conferences 
should  be  chosen  for  the  Faculty.  In  all  these  utterances  a 
fine  spirit  of  loyalty  was  shown.  The  one  ])urpose  was  to  bring 
to  pass  a  stronger  Allegheny. 

Again  the  dying  interest  in  the  literary  societies  flamed  up. 
The  Athenian  had  been  organized  and  ran  a  lively  contest  with 
its  ancient  rivals.  This  last  rally  to  restore  the  societies  to 
their  early  efficiency  bore  good  results  for  a  student  genera- 
tion or  two.  Other  organizations  were  growing  in  influence. 
The  athletic  association  commanded  a  degree  of  attention. 
The  men's  fraternities,  now  increased  to  five,  moved  into 
chapter  houses  and  became  dominant  forceful  factors  in  the 
college  life. 

[  217  ] 


HI^^TORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

The  military  department  did  not  preserve  its  pristine 
glamor.  All  the  officers  detailed  by  the  Secretary  of  War 
were  not  equal  to  Major  Hess  in  efficiency.  An  occasional 
mass  meeting  was  necessary  to  arouse  enthusiasm  and  enlist 
recruits.  In  ISSO  drill  was  made  compulsory  for  all  men 
under  Junior  rank.  Not  a  few  students  acquired  nuirked  mili- 
tarv'  ijroticiency.  The  responsibilities  incurred  in  battalion 
and  company  affairs  brought  a  valuable  training. 

A  variety  of  interests  apart  from  the  class  room  found 
expression  on  the  Hill  through  the  passing  terms  of  each  year. 
There  was  a  keener  sense  of  student  consciousness.  From  be- 
fore the  Civil  War  certain  practices  had  come  down  such  as 
the  anonymous  publications,  one  of  which  led  to  a  libel  suit. 
Class  traditions  became  more  tenacious.  The  Seniors  had 
their  customs  for  the  final  week.  Both  the  Sophomore  and  the 
Freshmen  Classes  in  the  Eighties  attempted  certain  distinctive 
expressions  of  their  organizations.  The  most  famous  class  per- 
fornunice  was  the  original  i)lay  of  ••Captain  Dutton,"  June  2S, 
1887,  by  the  mend)ers  of  1800. 

Dr.  Wheeler  was  not  a  nmn  of  rugged  physique  and  the 
cares  of  his  office  affected  his  health,  so  that  in  February,  1887, 
a  brief  respite  was  needed.  The  following  year  brought  vexa- 
tious student  discipline.  He  came  to  the  determination  to 
resign  tlie  presidency,  but  was  willing  to  retain  a  place  in  tlu- 
Faculty.  The  local  college  world  was  not  prepared  for  the 
change  and  the  surprise  was  intense  when  it  was  announced, 
June  2G,  1888,  that  Professor  Williams  had  become  the  eighth 
president  of  Allegheny  College.  Dr.  Wheeler  taking  the  chair 
of  Greek  and  English. 

Rev.  Wilbur  Garretson  Williams.  D.  D..  was  born  at  I'lain- 
field,  O.,  Oct.  0.  18.~)2.  After  a  high  school  course  and  year  at 
AVashington  and  Jefferson  College,  he  entere<l  the  Sophomore 
Class  in  Allegheny  College  in  1872.  Here,  as  an  under- 
graduate, he  devoted  himself  to  ]»hilosoj)hy,  the  languages  and 
literary  work.  After  graduation,  in  187"),  he  served  one  year 
as  professor  in  the  Lake  Shore  Seminary  at  North  Fast,  I*a. 
Then   for  a   year  he  was  a  minister  in    the  Erie  Conference, 

[  218  ] 


HTSTOKY  OP  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

stationed  at  Erie.  His  ahna  viatcr  called  him  in  1877  to  the 
chair  of  modern  langnages,  which  i)osition  he  held  five,  years. 
From  18824,  he  was  pastor  of  the  large  church  in  Jamestown, 
N.  Y.  P^jr  a  single  year  next  he  was  i)rincipal  of  the  Genesee 
Wesleyan  Seminary  at  Lima  N.  Y.  When  he  returned  to 
Allegheny  in   1885,  a   few  of  the  far  seeing  exi)ected   him  to 


Dr.  WiUiams,  President  188S-9. 

be  advanced  sooner  or  later  to  the  executive  position.  No 
other  ])resident  exce])t  Homer  .1.  Clark  had  become  the  head 
of  the  college  at  so  early  an  age. 

He  was  recognized  as  a  man  of  marked  administrative 
ability.  He  assumed  office  with  a  well  defined  plan.  The 
earliest  movement  was  a  renovation  of  buildings  and  grounds. 
A  generous  local  Trustee  gave  one  thousand  dollars  to  the 
improvement  fund  and  other  citizens  of  ^Meadville  liberally 
aided.  Vacation  season  wrought  a  transformation  on  the 
Hill.     Fences   were   removed,   the   road   through   the   campus 

[  219  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

graded,  "Lake  George"  drained,  board  walks  laid  aud  Bent- 
ley  and  Enter  Halls  renewed  outside  and  inside. 

A  new  material  atmosphere  welcomed  the  students  in  Sep- 
tember. Meadville  furnished  one-fourtli  of  the  attendance, 
its  largest  patronage  since  the  days  of  Timothy  Alden.  The 
relations  of  Faculty  and  student  body  were  quite  harmonious 
after  the  internal  disturbance  of  the  previous  year.  Dr. 
AVheeler  was  most  happy  in  his  teaching  duties,  being  re- 
lieved of  executive  cares.  His  work  in  Greek,  economics,  soc- 
ial science,  and  literature  created  a  vast  enthusiasm  in  his 
classes.  There  was  a  spirit  of  industry  throughout  the  col- 
lege and  the  year  had  decided  gains  scholastically.  The 
physical  and  chemical  apparatus  were  much  increased,  Dr 
Montgomery  being  warmly  praised  for  his  laboratory  im- 
provements, while  Dr.  Stillwell  brought  mathematics  to  the 
front  rank  of  pedagogic  efiiciency. 

The  further  plans  of  Dr.  Williams  looked  to  an  increase 
of  the  contingent  revenues,  doubling  of  the  endowment,  in- 
cluding an  alumni  professorship,  and  preparations  for  build- 
ing a  science  hall  and  a  gymnasium.  The  enthusiasm  of  the 
president  was  contagious.  He  abounded  in  energy'  and  the 
alumni  abroad  had  begun  to  catch  his  spirit,  expecting  large 
things  to  come  to  pass  for  the  old  institution  that  was  round- 
ing out  its  three  quarters  of  a  centuiy  of  usefulness. 

The  religious  note  had  been  emphasized  from  the  chapel 
desk  eacli  term.  The  association  of  students  preparing  for 
the  ministry  Avas  reorganized.  There  was  a  doubt  however 
whether  all  the  teaching  staff  fully  supported  this  feature 
of  the  executive  policy.  Now  rommencement  came  with  its 
congratulations  upon  a  higlily  i)rosi)erous  year.  President 
Williams  gave  an  eloquent  baccalaureate  address  npon  the 
theme  of  "Obedience  to  tlie  Heavenly  Vision."  Then  the  dou- 
ble system  of  government  of  tlie  college,  a  contrivance  long 
fraught  with  a  possibility  of  disaster,  brought  the  Mrilliant 
start  of  tlie  ih'w  adniinisli-ation  to  a  coinjdete  wreck. 

The  annual  re])ort  of  the  j»resid(-nt,  on  June  2(»1h.  called 
for  the  dismissal  of  a  certain  ])i'ofessor  and  tlie  .Joint  Board 
of  ('((iitrol.  i-ej (resell ting  the  four  ]>atroniziiig  Metliodist  con- 

r   220   1 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

ferences,  recommended  to  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  insti- 
tution that  this  action  be  taken.  The  Trustees  voted  flatly 
not  to  concur.  At  once  Dr.  Williams,  high-spirited,  feeling 
that  his  judgement  of  his  associates  in  the  Faculty  should 
be  final,  tendered  his  resignation.  Conferences  of  the  two 
bodies  could  not  remove  the  deadlock  as  to  authority.  An 
adjournment  was  nuide  to  July  23rd  when  again  the  differ- 
ence was  not  able  to  be  adjusted. 

Dr.  Wheeler  had  been  made  the  acting  president  in  June 
and  upon  him  developed  the  duty  of  opening  the  college  in 
September.  Since  for  the  third  time  within  seven  years 
there  had  come  startling  changes  in  the  Faculty,  it  was  not 
strange  that  a  feeling  of  distrust  and  uncertainty  ensued. 
In  this  latest  variance,  no  executive  was  more  competent  to 
meet  the  emergency  than  Dr.  Wheeler.  With  him  at  the 
helm  the  student  body  was  supremely  content.  Another  good 
omen  was  the  filling  of  the  long  standing  vacancy  in  modern 
languages. 

Dr.  J.  W.  Thomas  after  two  years  study  abroad  and  valu- 
able teaching  experience  became  the  professor  of  French  and 
German.  The  instructor  who  had  been  the  occasion  of  the 
clash  in  authority  declined  to  accept  the  election  by  the  Trus 
lees.  Two  other  specialists  came  upon  the  staff  at  this  time. 
Dr.  J.  S.  Trueman  as  Bradley  professor  of  Greek  and  Latin 
and  Professor  J.  C.  Fields,  a  Ph.  D.  from  Johns  Ho])kins,  in 
mathematics.  Rev.  J.  H.  Miller,  the  excellent  principal  of 
the  preparatory  department,  was  succeeded  by  W.  A.  Elliott 
'89,  today  the  ranking  man  in  service  upon  the  Faculty.  Miss 
Grace  Foster  a  graduate  of  Northwestern  University  be- 
came preceptress  of  Hulings  Hall  and  instructor  in  history. 

The  college  paper  had  clamored  for  trained  teachers  who 
were  not  preachers  and  in  the  student  satisfaction  over  the 
new  professors  the  work  of  the  fall  term  was  done  with  ex- 
ceptional industry.  To  com])lete  the  rejoicing  on  the  Hill,  ic 
was  announced  on  January  8,  1890  at  chapel  with  great  cheer- 
ing that  Dr.  D.  H.  Wlieeler  was  again  the  president  of  Alle 
gheny.  The  affection  of  the  admiring  undergraduate  for  the 
man  was  transmuted  into  a  deeper  devotion  to  the  college. 

[  221  ] 


HIkSTOKY  of  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

The  largest  number  of  graduates  siuce  the  fovinding,  a  class 
of  forty-two,  was  sent  forth  this  June.  ^'Ninety"  had  been  an 
original,  energetic  group  from  its  Freshman  days.  It  showed 
its  class  spirit  by  subscribing  twenty-five  hundred  dollars  to 
an  alumni  fund  to  be  supplemented  by  each  graduating  class. 

l*rof.  "W.  T.  Dutton  was  now  added  to  the  Faculty  to  as- 
sume direction  of  the  growing  department  of  civil  engineer- 
ing. The  course  had  been  announced  in  1884  and  fifteen  stu- 
dents enrolled.  Instruction  of  the  first  two  years  was  differ- 
ent only  in  drawing.  In  1886  Dr.  Stillwell  was  professor  of 
mathematics  and  civil  engineering,  the  fourth  year  in  the 
course  was  given  and  W.  S.  Twining  with  two  others  received 
degrees.  Twining  then  became  instiiictor  for  a  year  and  in 
1889  had  rank  of  professor.  The  Department  was  ])opulaT- 
and  Professor  Dutton  entered  as  its  head  with  ripe  experi- 
ence and  the  technical  training  of  the  I^.  S.  Naval  Academy 
and  Dartmouth  College. 

The  <lecaying  military  department  was  astoundingly  re- 
vived by  the  assignment  of  Lt.  J.  K.  Cree  to  Allegheny.  He 
introduced  tactics  as  a  stmly,  college  credit  being  allowed. 
The  worn  out  equipment  of  the  battalion  was  replaced  with 
modern  guns  and  cannon.  The  comnuindant  was  a  man  of 
broad  sym])athies  and  under  his  fostering  care  the  athletic 
interests  made  a  creditable  showing.  Allegheny  for  the  first 
time  entered  into  definite  intercollegiate  relations.  It  par 
ticipated  in  a  field  meet  at  Pittsburgh,  May  :{0,  181)1  and  the 
ba.se  ball  club  took  its  first  southern  trip. 

Student  sentiment  now  loudly  expressed  itself  for  a  gym- 
nasium. Subscription  lists  were  started  on  the  Hill.  It  was 
hoped  the  authorities  would  mature  a  ])lan  for  the  erection 
of  a  building.  Dr.  AVheeler  lent  his  sn])])ort.  Collections 
were  a])])ointed  as  of  yore  for  a  day  in  Decend>er,  18*.H.  0th- 
ei*  needs  wei-e  also  voice<l,  a  science  hall  ami  an  obsejvatory. 
In  iiilelleclnal  i(»mi»eli(ion  the  college  proved  its  worth  by 
entering  an  oratorical  leagne  of  seven  inst it ntions  of  \Vestern 
I'ennsyix  ania  and  Iiaving  its  representative.  AV.  W.  Yining- 
son.  win   the  contest   at    Beaver   I'^ills. 

IMie  conege  attendance  showe<l  some  decline  after  the  high 

r  222  1 


HISTOKV   OF   ALLE(JIIEXY   COLLEGE 

mark  of  1888.  The  altiliated  schools  prospered.  The  most 
novel  experiment  of  the  Wheeler  rej^ime  was  the  introduction 
in  188(5  of  a  department  named  the  post  <j;radnate.  This  ac- 
tion reflected  the  tendency  of  the  i)eriod  to  popularize  learn- 
ing;. The  scheme  was  ori<>^inally  designed  for  Allegheny 
alumni  desirous  of  further  cultural  study.  Few  matriculated 
until  1890,  after  which  the  enrollment  of  twenty-seven 
jumped  to  ninety-seven  by  181)3.  Many  others  from  outside 
entered  the  courses,  a  score  of  states  being  represented. 

The  first  gifts  in  many  years  now  opportunely  became  avail- 


Wilcox  Hall 

able.  By  the  will  of  Miss  Lucy  Lindley  of  Meadville  ten 
thousand  dollars  was  received,  the  interest  of  which  was  to 
help  pay  fees  of  needy  students.  A  be(piest  of  Kobertson 
Wilcox  of  Girard  of  five  thousand  dollars  was  able  to  be  use<i 
in  18f)2  and  the  Trustees  voted  to  erect  the  Wilcox  Hall  of 
Science.  The  work  began  in  August  u])oii  a  structure,  41x00, 
two  stories  in  height  above  the  basement.  It  was  ])r()vi(led 
with  laboratories  for  physics  and  chemistry.  It  was  {he  first 
building  u])ou  the  campus,  representing  the  idea  of  the  new 
education  with  its  essential  and  independent  equii)ment  for 
each  college  department. 

[  22:?  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

In  1892  failing  liealth  sent  Dr.  Wheeler  south  for  a  month 
in  late  winter.  About  the  same  time  Dr.  Trueman's  death 
came  as  a  severe  loss.  Then  following  his  earlier  inclination, 
the  president  tendered  his  resignation  in  June  to  take  effect 
in  one  year.  The  vacant  Bradley  chair  of  Greek  and  Latin 
was  filled  by  the  election  of  Professor  W.  A.  Elliott,  '89,  who 
for  three  years  had  been  the  efficient  head  of  the  preparatory 
school.  Clarence  F.  Ross,  '91,  after  a  year  in  Missouri  Wes- 
leyan  returned  to  succeed  to  the  Allegheny  principalship. 

The  final  year  of  the  decade  of  service  which  Dr.  NYheelei- 
gave  to  Allegheny  was  marked  by  harmonious  and  faithful 
performance  of  duty.  A  deep  undercurrent  of  regret  pre- 
vailed that  so  genial  and  admirable  a  personality  was  to  be 
taken  from  the  college.  Having  a  ripeness  of  culture  and 
judgment,  a  catholicity  of  thought  and  a  genuineness  of  sym- 
pathy with  student  sentiment,  his  gifts  had  enabled  him  to 
fill  his  position  with  an  ideal  efficiency.  As  a  teacher.  Dr. 
Wheeler  had  the  happy  faculty  of  making  learning  ever  fresh. 
As  a  public  speaker  his  addresses  were  models  of  grace  and 
point.  His  baccalaureate  sermons  are  yet  cherished  as  lega- 
cies of  sound  doctrine  and  abiding  inspiration.  As  an  exe- 
cutive his  ability  was  equal  to  the  emergencies.  As  a  man, 
his  frankness  and  fairness  nuule  all  right  minded  students  his 
devoted  supporters.  His  life  molded  powerfully  the  youth  it 
touched  for  that  which  was  strong,  wholesome  and  honorable. 

To  Allegheny  Dr.  Wheeler  gave  a  more  critical  scholar- 
shi]).  He  made  the  courses  of  study  more  liberal  and  practi 
cal.  He  believed  that  the  college  should  expand  in  its  rela 
tions.  Yet  Allegheny  in  the  lines  of  material  ]>rogress  was 
not  abreast  of  the  educational  advance  of  the  times.  There 
had  l>een  a  striving  for  a  third  of  a  century  to  get  an  ade- 
quate equij)ment.  The  traditions  of  the  college  were  most 
honoi-able.  Many  alumni  of  worth  had  gone  forth  to  serve 
tlieir  age.  But  newer  colleges  were  much  ahead  of  the  old 
institution  at  Mea<lville.  What  was  to  the  wisest  ])olicy  of 
the  future?  The  j.ast  of  Allegheny  before  189;{  had  not 
soIv(m1  the  problems  of  contrcd.  curriculum  and  endowment  in 
the  light   of  the  uew  higher  educatiou. 

[   224  ] 


CHAPTER   VIII 

THE   NEW   ALLEGHENY 

FAVOKITE  conceit  of  the 
students  and  friends  who 
liad  known  the  college  in  the 
period  of  its  ninth  i)resident 
is  to  use  the  phrase  Tlie  New 
Allejiheny.  Tliis  term  does 
not  si<>nify  a  break  with  the 
]»ast,  nor  tlie  settinp^  up  of 
changed  ideals,  but  it  means 
a  modern  institution,  con- 
scious of  its  educational  goal, 
w  i  t  Ii  enlarged  facilities  in 
laboratory  and  library,  and 
offering  a  variety  of  courses 
of  stud  y  consonant  with 
Twentieth  Century  standards. 
Such  an  achievement  was  not 
effected  in  a  single  year,  nor 
a  decade,  but  it  has  been  the 
fruition  of  broad  masterly 
plans,  of  patient  loyalty  in  the  face  of  every  obstacle,  of  in- 
domitable energy  for  a  score  of  years  and  more,  and  of  gen- 
erous, enthusiastic  cooperation  by  very  many  who  love  the  old 
college  and  who  have  faith  in  it.  The  early  foundations  had 
been  of  inestimable  worth;  the  legacy  of  si)lendid  service 
rendered  to  church  and  state  by  the  alumni  through  the  cen- 
tury gone  is  a  priceless  heritage.  No  vision  of  a  desert  to 
blossom  as  the  rose,  no  sacrifice  of  time  and  talent,  no  labor 
of  the  past  can  now  be  pronounced  as  futile  and  in  vain,  when 
the  reality  is  viewed  of  the  Avell-rounded,  progressive  modern 
college  of  today. 

On  July  20,  180n,  Rev.  William  H.  Crawford,  D.  D.  was 

[  225  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

elected  Tlie  ninth  president  of  Allegheny  and  a  committee  of 
the  Trustees  appointed  to  arrange  for  his  inangnrotion  on 
October  18th.  It  was  an  installation  worthy  of  the  new  epoch 
to  come.  The  traditions  of  the  Thirties  were  revived  in  an 
academic  procession  from  the  campus  to  the  Stone  Church. 
In  its  ranks  were  President-elect,  Faculty,  Trustees,  alumni, 
(ireek  Letter  societies  and  all  college  organizations,  bearing 
banners.  The  city  was  decorated  and  the  place  of  the  instal- 
lation could  not  contain  the  throng.  Addresses  were  made 
by  Bishop  Vincent  and  Dr.  J.  M.  Buckley  of  New  York.  The 
keys  of  office  were  presented  by  Judge  J.  J.  Henderson.  The 
inaugural  theme  was  "•the  place  of  the  college  in  modern  so 
ciety."'  The  day  concluded  with  a  great,  popular  reception  to 
President  and  ^Irs.  Crawford. 

The  new  executive  was  at  the  prime  of  life.  He  was  a 
graduate  of  Northwestern  University  and  the  Garrett  Bibli- 
cal Institute.  He  had  made  a  brilliant  record  in  college  as 
a  scholar.  He  had  lield  important  pastorates  in  the  Rock 
River  Conference  of  the  Methodist  Church  and  been  four 
years  professor  of  historical  theology  in  the  CJammon  Theo- 
logical Seminary  of  Atlanta,  Ga.  Dr.  Crawford  now  had  a 
wide  reputation  as  an  eloquent  platform  speaker  and  came 
to  Meadville  strongly  endorsed  as  a  man  of  superior  execu 
live  ability. 

The  Cam  ITS  of  October  21st,  expressed  student  o])inion  as 
follows: 

"At  this  time,  just  when  the  college  reaches  a  critical  situation, 
youth  and  energy  are  introduced.  Vim  and  vigor  take  the  place  of 
the  easy-going  method  of  carrying  on  the  affairs  of  Allegheny.  The 
bright  light  of  continued  prosperity  multiplied  many  fold  seems  at  last 
dawning.  We  can  see  faintly  mirages  of  new  buildings  I  Gymnasium  I 
Observatory:  The  first  is  almost  a  certainty.  Dr.  Crawford  has  entered 
into  the  subject  of  athletics  with  a  spirit  that  every  student  heartily  ap- 
proves. He  has  already  in  operation  many  plans  for  the  college.  His 
zeal  has  imbued  all  with  new  activity."' 

[n  .lune  Li.  J.  I\.  Ci-ec  had  ended  his  efficient  work  for 
the  concge  battalion,  though  months  earliei'  be  had  wished 
1(»  Icjivc  becau.'^e  of  hick  of  student  snj^port.  Lt.  F.  J.  Koester 
l)ec;ime   Ills  successor.     Tlie   final    <»l1ici;il    ;i(t    of   Di*.   Wheeler 

[  22(;  I 


HISTOI{V  OF  ALLE(iUI<]NY  COLLIXU'] 

was  tlie  ()j)eiiin<;  of  Wilcox  Hall  and  the  new  bnildinj!;  relieved 
somewhat  the  conj^estion  of  classes  in  Bentley.  Aftei*  the  de- 
partnre  of  Dr.  Fields  to  Kiirope.  I'rofessor  Dntton  had  held 
ihe  cond)ined  chairs  of  mathematics  and  civil  enu;ineerin<;. 
The  enjj^ineeriii"!;  alumni  were  nuM'tinji  with  marked  success 
in  their  ])rofession  and  the  course  j^rew  in  ])oi)ularity. 

President  Crawford  was  ready  at  the  semi-annual  meetinji; 
of  the  Trustees  in  his  first  year  with  a  ])ro}iram.  He  was 
not  a  stranj^er  to  conditions  at  Allegheny,  having  visited  the 
college  in  his  undergraduate  days  and  ke])t  in  touch  with  its 
suhsetjuent  history.  He  saw  that  the  essential  needs  were 
threefold ;  a  larger  enrollment,  an  increase  in  Faculty  and 
dei»artments,  and  additional  buildings.  He  realized  that  no 
new  structures  would  rise  until  the  ])ati'ons  felt  the  necessity 
of  them.  It  was  un^^■ise  to  ask  for  nnu-e  students  \\ithout  a 
larger  teaching  staff  to  meet  them.  Hence  the  first  executive 
recommendation  was  that  the  instruction  of  Greek  and  Latin 
he  separated. 

But  the  j)roblem  was  liow  to  pay  the  new  man.  The  hold- 
ings of  the  Centenary  P^und  Societies  had  not  gro\\n.  Inci- 
dental fees  had  l)een  raised  in  ISIM)  from  ten  to  twelve  dollars 
a  term.  Permission  was  accor<led  to  make  ap])eal  to  alumni 
and  friends  and  by  their  gifts  Dr.  D.  H.  Holir.es,  fellow  in 
classics  at  .Johns  Ho])kins  University,  became  acting  jirofe.ssor 
of  Latin  the  s])i"ing  term.  Py  the  same  hand  to  mouth  meth- 
od. Dr.  F.  P.  Lease  was  secured  for  the  Latin  chair  the  follo^\ 
ing  year.  There  had  been  ]»reviously  but  four  full  professors. 
The  ])resident  would  have  doubled  the  number  at  once  had 
he  the  means  at  his  command. 

In  the  June  official  meeting  Dr.  Crawford  asked  to  have 
the  alumni  ])rofessorshi])  of  history  and  political  economy  cre- 
ated. The  usual  conditions  were  attached,  but  the  alumni 
responded  so  liberally,  that  Dr.  .1.  W.  Perrin,  of  -lohns  Ho])- 
kiiis  and  Chicago  I'niversities.  was  (dected  to  the  new  chair 
and  began  his  duties  in  January,  L*^!*.").  Other  im])ortant  ac- 
tion was  taken  intensifying  the  work  of  the  liberal  arts  col- 
lege. 

The    non-resident    post    graduate    de]tartment    was    discon- 

[  ^^-  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

tinned.  Those  enrolled  could  finish  their  courses,  hut  after 
three  years  no  degrees  were  to  be  conferred.  To  increase  the 
efficiency  and  extend  the  usfulness  of  undergraduate  work 
were  announced  as  the  policy  of  Allegheny,  based  on  the  be- 
lief that  there  is  more  imperative  need  of  first  class  colleges 
than  of  universities.  A  Faculty  already  overworked  was 
thought  to  have  no  time  or  energy  left  to  supervise  higher 
courses  of  study.  Tlie  recitation  period  now  was  extended 
from  forty-five  minutes  to  one  hour. 

A  feature  of  much  profit  was  aft'orded  in  a  series  of  pub 
lie  lectures  each  year  by  specialists  upon  social,  educational, 
missionary  and  Biblical  topics.  Increased  appro])riations 
were  made  to  the  library  for  modern  books.  Professor  W.  A. 
Elliott  had  leave  of  absence  in  181)4:-5  for  study  in  Greece. 
The  close  of  tlie  year  was  distinguished  by  the  coming  of  Gov. 
AVm,  McKinley.  a  student  of  1859,  to  make  the  Commence 
ment  address.  Now  also  was  observed  the  eigthtieth  anni- 
versaiw  of  tlie  founding  of  Allegheny,  Judge  N.  E.  Worthing- 
ton,  '54,  being  the  alumni  orator  of  tlie  occasion.  The  alumni 
accepted  as  its  trust  the  new  chair  of  history  and  politics. 

In  tile  administration  of  President  Crawford  there  are 
three  dramatic,  outstanding  incidents,  each  of  whicli  ushers 
in  essential  stages  in  the  evolution  of  the  new  Allegheny. 
The  first  occurred  June  25,  1S9G,  in  the  breaking  of  the  ground 
for  the  gymnasium.  The  student  clamor  for  such  a  building 
had  grown  steadily.  I'articipation  in  intercollegiate  athletics 
had  been  a  failure  because  of  no  convenient  place  for  iraining. 
Interest  in  military  di-ill  yet  blew  hot  and  cold.  The  current 
year  had  seen  the  plan  tried  of  compulsory  physical  exercise 
witli  a  term  fee,  unless  the  student  enlisted  in  the  battalion. 

The  executive  recommendation  had  been  urgent  for  a  start 
at  once  on  the  gymnasium.  The  lack  of  funds  was  as  usual 
the  obstacle,  but  after  a  lively  discussion  in  the  Bitiird  foi 
jiiid  iigaiust  athletics,  a  niMJority  was  registered  in  favor  oF 
action.  An  aj>i)r<>])riation  o1"  five  thousand  <1()lliii's,  o]>))ortune- 
ly  avjiilalde,  was  made?  to  begin  work.  A  highly  interesting 
cei-eniony  was  staged  on  the  cani])us  in  the  aft(!rnoon.  Mr. 
Hjirvev   Henderson   of  Ihe  Trustees  made  a    stirring  addrests 

[  22S  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

in  which  lio  confessed  that,  lie  had  not  cared  originally  for 
the  gymnasium,  but  he  was  now  impressed  that  Dr.  Crawford 
had  a  program  to  meet  a  real  need.  He  urged  that  full  con- 
fidence in  the  president  be  shown  by  the  hearty  cooperation 
of  all. 

The  subscription  for  the  balance  of  the  cost  of  the  build- 
ing proved  popular.  Mr.  V.  A.  Arter  gave  one  thousand  dol- 
lars, the  student  body  a  like  amount  and  the  citizens  of  Mead- 
ville  were  very  liberal.  The  new  structure  was  read\  for  oc- 
cupancy the  si)ring  term,  but  the  formal  opening  was  June 


The  Gymnasium 

23rd.  The  gymnasium  was  of  stone  and  brick,  eighty-five 
feet  in  length  by  forty-five  feet  in  width.  T.ie  second  floor 
was  used  by  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association.  The 
building  was  also  a  drill  hall  for  the  battalion  and  it  was 
hoped  to  place  the  military  department  on  a  finp.  basis. 
Physical  instruction,  apparatus,  and  indoor  games  were  at- 
tractive and  the  gymnasium  speedily  became  a  center  of  nmny 
college  interests. 

The  scholastic  program  meanwhile  was  making  steady 
progress.  The  department  of  biology  was  created  in  1896,  be- 
ing separated  from  the  physical  sciences,  and  Dr.  E.  L.  Rice 
fresh  from  the  University  of  Munich  was  made  the  first  head. 
After  a  two  years'  service  Dr.  Lease  was  followed  by  Rrofes- 

[  229  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

sor  Edward  C.  Morey  in  the  Bradley  chair  of  Latin.  C.  F. 
Ross  with  a  year's  study  abroad  was  advanced  t'^  an  assistant 
professorship.  Miss  Blanche  Best,  who  been  several  years  in 
structor  in  expression  and  physical  training  was  succeeded  by 
Miss  Alice  Huntingdon  Spalding  of  Northwestern  Universitj". 

The  ideal  of  a  pui'ely  liberal  arts  college  was  now  constant- 
ly in  view.  The  Board  of  Control  recommended  that  a  school 
of  practical  theology  be  established.  The  matter  was  re- 
ferred by  the  Trustees  to  a  committee  of  three  laymen,  who 
never  made  a  report.  The  annual  catalogue  ceased  to  adver- 
tise the  Meadville  Business  School  and  the  relations  >\'ith  the 
Conservatory  of  Music  became  nominal  in  natur>\  Tin- 
courses  of  study  were  arranged  for  more  electives  in  the  Jun- 
ior and  Senior  classes.  A  fifth  course,  the  English  and  Mod- 
ern Language,  was  added  in  1897. 

The  tliird  year  of  President  Crawford  witnessed  a  resjjonse 
in  patronage  to  the  improved  conditions.  The  attendance  i?i 
collegiate  and  preparatory  departments  reached  315,  the  Sen- 
ior class  was  ten  larger  than  in  1895.  The  total  enrollment 
of  1897  was  one  hundred  more  than  that  of  189-1.  The  col 
legiate  body  alone  of  1898  was  over  two  hundred,  the  highest 
figure  in  Allegheny's  history  to  that  date,  and  twice  the  total 
in  the  four  college  classes  of  189-1.  In  this  same  banner  year 
two  of  the  new  ])rofessors  were  called  to  larger  institutions. 
Dr.  Ernest  Ashton  Smith  came  from  Johns  Hopkins  to  take 
the  jihice  of  l>r.  Perrin  in  Jiistory  and  politics.  IM'ofessor 
Martin  Smallwood  of  Syracuse  University  also  succeeded  Dr. 
Rice.  Anotln  r  department  was  now  added,  that  of  English 
Language  and  Litei-ature.  Professor  H.  Iv.  Munroe  of  Wes 
leyan  Pnivei-sity  held  this  latest  chair.  The  lunnber  of  full 
jn'ofessorshijts  had   been    doubled   in    five  years. 

Increase  of  Faculty  and  increase  of  stu<len(s  had  been 
sjjeedily  achieved.  I>ut  any  nolabh'  ex]»ansion  in  building 
must  come  fi-om  liberal  gifts  and  enlai-gcd  endowment  foi* 
mainlenance.  This  was  the  next  line  of  attack  taken  by  the 
executive.  All  the  ])i-oductive  funds  available  in  the  past 
wei-e  hchi  l>y  the  independ(Mit  cor])orations  of  two  Methodist 
C^'onfei-ences.     The  condtined  sum  was  little  over  one  iiundred 

[  i>:io  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

and  fifty  thousand  dollars.  Allegheny  served  educationally  a 
region  of  richest  natural  resources,  those  of  oil  and  coal. 
Eastern  observers  had  often  ex])ressed  surprise  that  the  col- 
lege with  its  widely  scattered  friends  and  conspicuous  record 
of  high  service  had  failed  tlirough  the  years  to  be  liberally 
endowed. 

In  1807-8,  the  patronizing  area  was  visited  and  tlie  plans 
and  the  needs  of  the  college  told  to  its  constituency.  The  Trus- 
tees decreed  that  all  solicitation  should  be  under  the  direction 
of  the  president  and  the  executive  committee  of  the  Board. 
The  immediate  object  in  view  was  a  new  libraiy.  Dr.  Craw- 
ford now  gained  an  intimate  acquaintance  with  the  many 
friends  and  the  alumni  of  Allegheny  wlio  gave  the  loyal  finan- 
cial response  of  subsequent  years.  The  labors  of  this  season 
I)roved  as  fruitful  as  the  first  visit  of  Timothy  Alden  to  Ne^v 
England,  whence  later  tliere  followed  the  gifts  of  the  })rincely 
libraries  of  Bentley  and  Winthro)). 

The  optimistic  vision  of  the  president  was  characteristic- 
ally i-evealed  in  an  address  before  the  Tittsburgh  alumni  as 
sociation,  April  12,  18!)8.  His  toi)ic  was  the  First  Centen- 
nial, Allegheny  in  11)15,  in  res])onse  to  the  sentiment,  "We  will 
lead  our  youth  into  higher  fields."  The  picture  which  he 
jtainted  was  that  of  a  beautiful  cani])us  adorned  with  many 
useful  and  atti'active  buildings  in  which  a  much  increased 
Faculty  lectured  to  a  stud'Mit  body  ex])anded  three-fold.  Then 
in  Cliicago  a  week  later  he  was  able  to  organize  an  alumni 
association  that  had  the  great  benefactor  of  Allegheny,  Dr. 
•lohn  F.  l"]berhardt,  T)."),  as  its  chief  si)irit. 

Just  as  the  alumni  had  been  enthused  over  a  rejuvenated 
(i1iii<(  mater,  likewise  the  zeal  of  the  undergraduate  at  last 
had  been  aroused  into  a  genuine  college  spirit.  The  founding 
of  the  LrrERARY  Monthly  in  18!)(;  strongly  promoted  loyalty. 
The  periodical  abounded  in  biographical  sketches  of  eminent 
alumni.  The  literary  societies  once  again  revived.  Allegheny 
won  first  i)lace  in  the  infercollegiate  oratorical  contest  of 
180G,  second  in  that  of  18!)7.  The  first  intercollegiate  debat<' 
resulted  in  the  defeat  of  Hucknell  Cniversity  in  18!)8.  A  new 
su|)port   for   athletics   came   from    the   Faculty.     The   baseball 

[   -'••{!    ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

nine  gave  a  good  account  of  itself  eacli  year.  In  1808.  a  fair 
start  was  made  in  football.  The  second  season  of  basket  ball 
in  1808-9  pnt  Allegheny  into  that  famons  stride  of  victory 
which  the  fives  have  held  to  the  present  time.  By  an  un- 
compromising stand  against  professionalism  in  athletics,  stu 
dents  were  enconraged  to  try  for  the  teams. 

The  social  life  of  the  college  was  finely  fostered  by  Presi- 
dent Crawford  and  his  accomplished  wife.  The  executive 
residence  was  opened  graciously  in  receptions  to  the  entire 
student  body.  Mrs.  Crawford  early  took  a  vital  stimulating 
part  in  the  life  on  the  Hill.  She  is  greatly  esteemed  in  Mead- 
ville  society  and  the  official  functions  of  Allegheny  met  high 
favor  under  her  auspices. 

At  the  end  of  Lt.  Koester's  command  of  the  battalion,  Lt. 
J.  K.  Miller  was  detailed  from  AVashington.  But  he  was  in 
Meadville  only  a  few  months  when  the  Spanish  War  recalled 
him  into  active  service.  The  fever  of  patriotism  burned  in 
the  student  ranks  and  five  upper  classmen  marched  away  in 
the  Meadville  company  of  the  Pennsylvania  National  Guards. 
Dr.  R.  B.  Gamble,  '0:>,  was  its  efficient  captain,  having  made 
a  fine  record  as  an  officer  in  the  college  battalion.  Other 
Allegheny  alumni  enlisted  elsewhere.  Professor  Button  was 
made  temporary  commandant  in  Allegheny,  but  when  after 
the  war  the  government  did  not  renew  its  appropriation  for 
an   officer,   the  military  department  came  to  a   close. 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  College  Presidents'  Association 
of  the  Metliodist  Episcopal  Churdi  met  at  Meadville.  October 
1*7.  1808.  Ihii'ty  institutions  being  represented.  l''ndorse- 
nient  was  given  to  the  plan  for  raising  ten  millions  for  higher 
education.  The  Commencement  of  tliis  year  was  distinguished 
by  tlie  pi'csence  of  Govei'nor  Lloyd  Lowndes,  'G.")  of  Maryland, 
who  ])resi(hMl  at  llie  ahimni  l)an(iuet.  In  an  editorial  of 
the  IviTKKAKV  Monthly  a  rcniew  was  given  of  "s\x  years  of 
progress."  Appi-eciative  mention  was  made  of  imjirovements 
in  the  old  buiblings,  fhe  impetus  the  gymnasinm  had  given 
to  student  enthusiasm  and  tlie  comfort  realized  from  flie  cen- 
tral   heating   jdaiit.     Then    the   writer   continued    confidently: 

[  2:52  1 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

"This  development  is  but  a  shadow  of  what  the  future  is  to  bring. 
Every  day  Allegheny  is  answering  the  demands  of  her  students.  Every 
day  these  demands  are  increasing.  The  cry  for  a  library  is  becoming 
so  loud  and  obstinate  that  it  refuses  to  be  quieted  by  the  answer  'in  the 
near  future'.  We  can  not  wait  so  long;  we  need  it  now.  The  old  institu- 
tion has  done  a  noble  work  and  is  deserving  of  all  praise  that  through 
the  three  quarters  of  a  century  she  has  not  dropped  back,  but  has  kept 
well  in  line  with  colleges  of  her  rank.  And  is  she  now  to  fail?  No, 
she  must  go  forward.  Her  future  can  be  measured  only  by  the  sympathy 
and  support  her  friends  will  give." 

An  expectancy  of  larjjer  things  and  of  higher  efficiency 
permeated  the  college  body.  The  faith  of  the  president  was 
reflected  in  undergraduate  and  professor.  A  new  agency 
making  for  loyalty  was  introduced  in  1000  in  the  celebration 
of  Washington's  Birthday.  Patriotism  and  Allegheny  spirit 
ruled  in  these  annual  gatherings  in  the  gymnasium.  The 
rivalry  of  class  organizations,  the  original  songs  and  choruses 
for  the  occasion,  and  the  artistic  costuming  have  caused  Feb- 
ruary Twenty-second  as  an  all-college  affair  to  dispute  the 
primacy  of  the  year  with  Commencement  Day  itself. 

The  initial  banquet  must  ever  re^main  unique  in  Allegheny 
annals — Mr.  William  Reynolds  '37,  the  oldest  living  graduate, 
told  of  the  days  of  Alden  and  Ruter;  Mrs.  Harriet  Linn 
Beebe  as  first  preceptress  of  Hulings  gave  a  glimpse  of  its 
early  days.  Miss  Jean  Frey  '95  brouglit  an  ins])iring  message 
on  college  loyalty.  And  no  one  present  that  night  can  ever 
forget  the  address  of  President  Crawford  on  ''the  outlook." 
In  most  convincing  and  detailed  words  he  described  a  suc- 
cession of  astounding  gifts  to  the  college,  the  buildings  long 
desired,  library,  chapel,  administration  and  science  buildings. 
Then  to  the  spellbound  company  he  said,  ''that  was  all  a 
dream."  Announcement  was  made  though  of  five  thousanc! 
dollars  from  Mr.  F.  A.  Arter  to  the  alumni  chair. 

The  man  of  the  "outlook"  however  was  not  merely  a 
prophet,  he  was  also  a  wizard.  The  magic  of  his  faith  in 
Allegheny's  future  had  begun  to  work  at  the  start  of  this 
scholastic  year.  The  Newton  ^lemorial  Observatory  was  then 
given  by  Mrs.  Mary  ^L  NeAvton  of  Batavia,  III.,  in  honor  of 
her  husband,  Capt.  I).  C.  Newton,  a  student  of  the  early  Fif- 

[  2:1:5   ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

ties  and  a  brave  officer  in  the  Civil  War.  Captain  Newton  was 
a  public  spirited  man  of  affairs,  a  philanthropist  and  influ- 
ential citizen  in  his  conmiiinity  u\)  to  the  time  of  his  <leath  in 
1803. 

Tlie  observatory  received  a  commanding  site  upon  tlie 
camj)ns.  The  structure  thougli  not  large  is  complete.  It  is 
built  of  native  stone  and  its  simple  architecture  makes  it  an 
attractive  meml>er  of  the  college  group.     The  dedication   oc- 


Newton  Memorial  Observatory 

<-urred  June  1!>.  1!MM.  when  Dr.  I'\  M.  Bristol  of  Washingion, 
J).  ('.  gave  a  scliolarly  a(hli-ess  upon  the  relations  of  science 
1o  humanity  and  icligion.  The  observatory  has  been  es- 
]>ecially  well  e(|uip]»ed  through  the  gifts  of  sevei-al  generous 
friends. 

Aflei-  a  ([uaiter  of  a  century  in  the  office  of  i>resident  of 
the  Hoard  of  Trustees.  Mi'.  Alexander  liradley  died  August 
L'l.  1S!(*».  His  successor  clujsen  in  .lune,  l!l()(),  was  Mr.  Duibin 
llorn(-  of  i*itlsi)urgh.  The  ['nTsi!ii{<;ii  (Jazkttk  s]>oke  of  the 
new  official  thus:  "He  is  one  of  the  best  known  business  men 

[  -':'-i  ] 


lIISTOnV  OF  ALLECJHEXV   COLLEGE 

of  the  city.  lie  is  a  <;ra(luate  of  Vale  rniversity  and  has 
been  nnich  interested  in  edncatioiial  matters.  The  selection 
of  Mr.  Home  to  fdl  the  resi>onsible  i)osition  of  president  of 
the  Koard  after  ei^ht  years'  service  as  a  Trnstc^  is  very  pleas- 
in<i'  to  thonsands  of  Methodists  who  live  in  the  bounds  of 
the   l*ittsl)nr<;li    Conference." 

The  second  dramatic  incident  in  the  re<::ime  of  the  ninth 
president  of  the  collej^e  came  dannary  :\\s\\  1001.  It  was  the 
Day  of  ]*rayer  for  Colle<;es  in  Amei-ica  and  a  deejdy  spiritual 
messa<i;e  had  been  brought  by  Dr.  W.  F.  McDowell,  secretary 
of  the  Board  of  ]"]ducati()n  of  the  Methodist  Church,  to  the 
company  jiathered  at  the  usual  chapel  hour  on  the  secon«l 
floor  of  Kuter  Hall.  As  the  sermon  closed.  Dr.  Crawford 
arose  to  say  he  had  been  authorized  to  announce  that  this 
would  be  the  last  Day  of  I'rayer  service  liebl  in  this  buildingj. 
He  continued  that  by  the  handsome  j>ift  of  Cai)t.  John  B. 
Ford  of  Creighton,  Pa.,  in  memory  of  his  wife,  Mai-y  B.  Ford, 
a  new  structure  was  to  be  erected  at  once,  known  as  ihe  Ford 
^femorial  Chapel. 

After  the  first  lia])])y  outburst  of  a])]>lause  had  subsided. 
Dr.  McDowell  ottered  the  followin<i  beantiful  ])rayer — ■ 

"Thanks  be  unto  God  for  this  gift.  In  the  name  of  Christ  it  is 
given,  to  the  service  of  Christ  will  it  be  dedicated.  May  the  blessing  of 
Christ  rest  upon  the  giver  and  those  who  receive  it.  May  the  presence 
of  Christ  till  the  temple  which  shall  be  erected  in  His  name.  Grant 
thy  blessing,  O  God,  to  that  dear  man  who  far  toward  the  sunset  links 
his  life  with  the  everlasting  youth  of  the  world.  God  bless  him  with 
the  peace  that  passes  understanding.  And  bless  us  in  this  last  day  of 
prayer  in  this  old  chapel.  By  the  memory  of  decisions  within  these 
walls,  by  the  memory  of  Thoburn's  consecration,  by  the  memory  of 
those  who  have  gone  from  this  place  to  serve  in  the  Church,  we  pray 
Thee  to  bless  us,  and  may  the  glory  of  the  latter  house  far  exceed  the 
glory  of  this  present  house.  In  the  name  of  Him  who  is  the  Friend 
and  the  Saviour  of  youth  and  age  in  all  lands,  we  pray.     Amen. 

The  iiift  of  the  c]ia])el  was  tlie  harbinger  of  a  sjilendid 
succession  of  contributions  that  aj:;<»rej'ated  three  hundred, 
thousand  dollars  for  Alle<>heny  by  the  close  of  1901.  On 
^larch  17,  it  was  announced  at  chajtel  that  a  friend  of  the 
college  whose  name  was  withheld   had  given   thii'ty  thousand 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

dollars  to  build  the  '•reatly  needed  library.  Then  again  o:i 
March  19,  the  news  was  given  at  cliai)el  that  a  friend,  an- 
other auonvmous  benefactor,  would  pay  sixty  thousand  dol 
lars  to  an  endowment  fund  of  two  hundred,  provided  that  it 
was  all  subscribed  by  January  first,  1902. 

The  mystery  of  the  donor  of  the  Library  was  well  guard- 
ed. Just  before  the  gift  was  made  public,  the  president  ha<l 
visited  New  Y'ork,  Baltimore  and  eastern  cities  where  alumni 
resided.  The  Allegiikxy  Monthly  commented  that  "'as  soon 
as  some  one  by  a  munificent  gift  draws  attention  to  the  insti- 
tution, patrons  new  and  old  almost  fell  over  each  other  to 
supply  the  needs  of  their  neglected  protege."  What  the  writer 
failed  to  grasp  were  the  thorough  planning,  the  many  consul- 
tations, the  fervent  devotion,  the  cumulative  influences  that 
had  been  cooperating  to  get  the  mo>ement  under  way  for  the 
enlarging  college. 

The  contemporary  student  had  a  favorite  designation  of 
1901-2  as  the  ''year  of  achievement."  Reckoning  from  Com- 
mencement to  Commencement,  it  included  the  laying  of  the 
corner  stones  of  the  chapel  and  the  library  and  the  dedication 
of  the  two  buildings.  Bishop  Fowler  and  Governor  W.  A. 
Stone  of  the  Commonwealth  officiated  at  the  beginning  of  the 
work,  June  20,  1901.  Bishop  E.  G.  Andrews  gave  the  dedi- 
catory sermon  of  Ford  Memorial  Chapel,  June  IT,  1902,  while 
President  Moffatt  of  AVashington  and  Jefferson  College  made 
the  address  at  fhe  opening  of  the  library,  June  19.  Both 
seasons  attracted  a  lai'ge  attendance  of  alumni  and  friends. 

The  Aluiiiiii  Anniversary  of  Jnne  IS,  1901  was  a  highly 
significant  gathering  in  the  Stone  Church.  Three  addresses 
were  delivei-ed.  ])r.  T.  H.  llagerly,  Ml,  returned  after  forty- 
seven  years  to  describe  fhe  Allegheny  of  before  the  '^■iw.  Dr. 
•I.  A\'.  ^liles,  '74,  spoke  of  Alleglieny  and  fhe  Twentieth  Cen- 
tni-y  wliile  Miss  Ida  Tarbell.  'SO,  intei-]»reted  the  mission  of 
Allegheny.  Tlie  alnmni  associations  in  Pittsburgh,  New  York 
and  CJiicMgo  were  keenly  alive  to  the  new  opixtrtnnit ies  of 
th(^  old  coHege  and  the  yeai'iy  reunions  now  in  fhe>e  cities 
and  elsewhere  became  vigorous  agencies  in  bringing  Alle- 
glieny  to   its   inci-eased   usefulness. 

[  2:u;  ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGH]]NY  COLLEGE 

Ford  ^Eenioi'ial  Cliapcl  was  fittinj^ly  located  near  Riiter 
Hall.  It  is  built  of  ji,rey  sandstone  in  (lothic-llomanesque 
style.  The  auditorinni  is  SO  by  GO  feet,  with  a  seating  capac- 
ity of  four  hundred  ami  fifty  and  a  gallei-y  for  one  hundred 
and  fifty  i)ersons.  The  furnishing  of  the  interior,  tlie  great 
north  and  south  (Jotliic  windows,  the  lesser  windows  of  th,: 
apse,  filled  with  riclily  tinted  glass,  constitute  a  highly  ar- 
tistic assembly  room.     The  flanking  tower  on  tlie  southeast 


The  Library 

is  a  conspicuous  ornament  of  the  campus.  Captain  Ford  be- 
came interested  in  the  college  through  ]_)r.  James  A.  Ballan 
tyne  and  liis  wife,  the  latter  a  granddaughter.  The  gift  of 
the  Chapel  was  made  complete  by  the  presentation  through 
Mrs.  Ballantyne  and  her  two  sisters  of  a  valuable  pipe  organ. 
a  superior  instrument,  whose  excellencies  were  formally  dis- 
played by  Alexander  Guilmant  of  l*aris. 

The  liltrary  in  its  site  crowns  the  beautiful  campus.  Ft 
is  of  Italian  Eenaissance  architecture,  constructed  of  a  browi 
vitrified  brick  with  terra  cotta.     Its  dimensions  are  eighty 

[  237  ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY   COLLECIE 

five  by  seventy-four  feet  with  a  central  octagon  reading  room, 
thirty-eiglit  feet  in  diameter.  Lighting  comes  from  an  octa 
gon  dome,  in  the  inner  i)anels  of  whicli  are  the  names  of 
Moses.  IMato.  Vergil.  Dante.  Shakespeare,  Newton,  (itethe  and 
Hawtliorne.  Keference  and  cataloguing  rooms  are  located  on 
the  first  floor  and  seminar  rooms  on  the  second.  Tlie  stack 
rooms  are  contructed  for  GO.OOO  volumes. 

The  greatest  achievement  however  of  this  year  was  the 
raising  in  less  than  nine  months  of  the  one  hundred  and  forty 
thousand  dollars  to  meet  the  conditional  pledge  of  sixty  thou- 
sand. P^rom  tlie  first  the  confidence  of  Dr.  Crawford  in  suc- 
cess was  absolute  and  his  s]»irit  was  contagious.  By  June 
21,  he  liad  over  lialf  the  sum  i)ledged.  The  last  six  months 
was  a  strenuous  cami»aign  of  much  traveling,  frequent  inter 
views  and  immense  correspondence.  President  Durbin  HoruL* 
gave  im])ortant  aid.  Col.  S.  B.  Dick  and  Mr.  E.  A.  Hemp 
stead  were  very  lielpful  in  Meadville.  Witliin  four  days  of 
the  end  of  December  twenty  thousand  remained  unsubscribed. 

But  Crawford  County  in  its  two  cities  of  Titusville  and 
Meadville  did  handsomely,  taking  lialf  this  amount  and  dis- 
tant donors  subscribed  the  balance.  Tlie  two  hundred  thou 
sand  was  in  siglit  ninety  minutes  before  1002  was  ushered 
in  and  the  sul)scri])tion  which  closed  the  list  came  f''om  the 
Pennsylvania  College  of  Music.  The  total  uund)er  of  those 
who  })articipated  in  the  endowment  fund  was  four  hundred 
and  seventy  four,  in  sums  ranging  from  two  dollars  to  te!" 
thousand.  The  Trustees,  including  the  initial  ]>ledge  of  sixty 
thousand,  gave  one  hundi-ed  and  thirty-five  thousand  of  the 
total.  At  the  college  Itancpiet  of  February  22.  1!>02.  the  presi 
dent  was  allowed  to  i-eveal  that  the  s]>lendi(l  benefactor  of 
Allegheny,  who  su]>])lied  tli(^  mighty  imjietus  to  the  much  need- 
ed endowment,  was  one  of  her  most  highly  esteemed  sons, 
hithei-to  a  frcfiuent  giver  to  the  college.  Mi*.  Fi-ank  A.  Arter 
of  (  Mev<'land.  ( )liio. 

1'h(*  pi-ogi-css  being  made  by  the  college  in  its  standard  c^' 
scholarship  and  in  the  expansion  of  its  courses  of  study  re- 
ceived signal  recognition  in  tliis  same  year  of  achievement  by 
the  granting  of  a  cliai>ler  of  the  lionorai-y  society  of  IMii  Beta 

[  2:5S  1 


HIBTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

Kai)j)a  to  Alle}>luMiy.  Tlic  triennial  session  of  the  fraternity 
at  Sarato<ja  September  lL\  1IK)1,  vote<l  to  admit  Allej^heny  as 
ihe  tifty-tirst  institution  on  its  roll.  Only  two  other  charters 
were  then  approved,  ten  ap|)licants  heinj;  rejecte<l.  The  instal- 
lation of  Eta  Chapter  of  Pennsylvania  was  condueted  by 
I 'resident  C.  F.  Thwin«;-  of  AVestern  IJeserve  University,  Feb- 
ruary L'-^,  1!)02.  With  the  five  ])etitioninf;-  members  of  the 
Faculty  Avere  joined  a  score  of  distinguished  graduates  from 
1887  to  1882  as  foundation  members.  The  chapter  had  as  its 
first  orator  June  17,  U>02  in  its  annual  series  of  i)ublic  ad- 
dresses the  scholarly  J)i'.  ^V.  V.  Kelley  of  the  Metiiodi.st  Re- 

VI KW. 

The  increased  income  of  the  collej^e  allowe<l  the  ]»ermanent 
endowment  of  certain  dei)artments.  There  were  estnl)lishe<l 
the  Francis  Asbury  Arter  professorshi])  of  mathemarics,  the 
Eliza  Kinjisley  Arter  jjrofessorslii])  of  Enjilish  lan<>ua<::e  and 
literature  and  the  James  3L  Thoburn  ])rofessorshi]>  of  F^nji:- 
lish  Bible  and  philosophy  of  relij>ion.  A  largely  changed  per- 
sonnel of  the  Faculty  below  the  four  senior  mend)Ovs  now 
came  to  ])ass.  Di-.  Thomas  had  left  in  1!)01  to  teach  in  Brook- 
lyn, N.  Y..  and  was  succeeded  in  modern  language  by  Dr.  E. 
T.  Bynum,  lately  of  the  T'niversity  of  Arkansas.  I'rofessor 
Vj.  C.  Morey  after  six  years  of  much  i»oi)ularity  as  Latin  pro- 
fessor resigned  in  1902  to  go  into  business  and  Ins  place  was 
tilled  by  the  merited  ])romotioM  of  Professor  Boss  from  the 
ju'eparatory  school.  Professor  H.  K.  Munroe  in  English  was 
followed  by  Dr.  F.  C.  Lockwood,  formei-ly  of  Mt.  T^nion  and 
Kansas  State  Colleges.  After  the  biological  (le])artnient  had 
been  conducted  for  a  year  by  Dr.  A.  .^^.  Beese  of  Johns  Hop- 
kins as  acting  i)rofessor,  Dr.  B.  S.  Breed  of  Harvar<l  came 
to  be  its  head. 

The  new  chair  of  T^nglish  Bible  and  ]»]iiloso]>liy  was  occu- 
]Med  by  Dr.  A.  C.  Knudson.  lately  of  Baker  Cniversity.  Di. 
TL  E.  Wells,  after  a  tine  record  as  a  specialist  in  Wesleyaii 
T'niversity,  was  chosen  instructor  in  chemistry.  T^dward  F. 
Korns  became  princi])al  of  the  i)re])aratory  school,  wliich  was 
now  to  be  separated  entirely  from  Ihe  (ollege.  Buter  Hall 
M'as  available  for  other  uses  by  the  removal  of  the  cha])el  and 

[  2:;i)  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

the  library.  Its  second  floor  was  fitted  up  for  the  prepara- 
tory classes.  The  campus  had  been  so  altered,  the  entire  at- 
mosphere of  the  college  so  changed  by  the  result  of  the  rapi(\ 
succession  of  events  in  the  new  century,  that  now  the  popular 
talk  was  of  the  "New  Allegheny." 

Highest  praises  were  accorded  to  Dr.  Crawford  for  the 
great  stride  of  progress  he  had  imparted  to  the  college  within 
his  first  decade  of  service  and  the  Trustees  voiced  their  ap- 
preciation by  voting  a  vacation  at  will  for  travel  at  full  pay. 
The  president  with  his  faniih-  was  absent  in  Europe  until 
March.  1003,  when  he  came  home  to  a  royal  welcome  on  the 
Hill.  A  severe  loss  had  visited  the  college  in  his  absence  in 
the  death  of  its  Trustee  and  devoted  friend.  Dr.  Ballentyue. 
This  rare  man  was  taken  at  the  height  of  his  usefulness.  Few 
sons  of  Allegheny  have  been  so  universally  esteemed  for  his 
wortli  as  he.  The  service  in  Ford  Chapel  to  do  honor  to  his 
memory  was  the  one  sad  note  in  all  these  years  of  rejoicing. 
His  name  is  graciously  preserved  by  the  Ballentyue  Scholar- 
ships, based  on  an  endowment  fund  of  thirty  thousand  dollars 
establislied  by  Mrs.  Ballentyue. 

Tlie  total  enrollment  of  students  from  1900  was  W(>]1  above 
three  hundred  and  the  percentage  of  tliose  finishing  the  foui" 
college  years  began  to  increase.  A  record  breaking  Senior 
class  of  forty-seven  members  was  graduated  in  1003.  The 
entering  classes  began  to  reflect  the  good  fortune  of  the  c(d- 
lege.  Tlie  Freshmen  in  1004  nundjered  04,  in  1005.  tliore  were 
110,  a  figure  little  less  than  tlie  entire  collegiate  body  in  1803. 
The  normal  Freshman  class  lienceforth  ran  about  one  hun- 
dred. Student  activities  grew  more  complex.  The  oratorical 
contests  ojxmi  to  all  stimulated  many  competitors.  Intercol- 
legiate debating  was  placed  on  a  firm  basis.  Tlie  Quill  Club 
was  reoi'ganized  and  became  nseful  in  creating  ])ublu*  senii 
nuMit  and  fostei-ing  traditions.  Tl»e  football  team  won  as  often 
as  it  lost  and  no  basket  ball  season  stM'ined  (piite  comjiletc 
unless  a  Yale  or  a  Pennsylvania   five  had  been  van(|uished. 

Tlie  colleg<*  comninnity  was  esi)ecially  i)leased  when  it 
could  have  a  visit  from  the  ]i<»pular  ])resident  of  the  Trust(*s, 
.Mr.    Durbin    Home.     The  first  week  of  May,  1007,  brought  a 

[   210    1 


iiisToijv  or  ALLi:(iiii:xv  collfjii-: 

<]istiii<inislie<l  jiroiij)  of  <;uosts  to  the  cainj)!!!-!,  when  the  Board 
of  Bisho]>s  of  llic  Methodist  ]C]>iscoi)al  ('liui'<-h  convened  in 
J''()i-d  MenH)i-ial  ('ha|»el.  A  series  of  achlresses  were  liiven  by 
tliem  at  tlie  ciiaitel  lionr,  revealing  Uie  extent  of  the  work  of 
Ihe  denomination.  All  bnl  six  nieinlters  of  the  episcopacy 
were  ])i-esent  and  this  confereiu-e  in  Meadville  was  made  sad- 
ly si;.;nihcant  by  the  news  of  tlie  death  of  two  of  these  absent 
ones.  Most  impressive  nuMiioi-ial  services  for  I^ishojis  Foste.' 
and    llnrst    were  condncted   in   the  Allejihenv  anditoriiim. 


'Jiie  Aiemotlist  BLshops  of  19(17 

The  r'acnlty  was  <:,ranted  an  ai>]tropriate  share  in  the  i)ros- 
])erity  of  the  colle<;('.  The  salary  limit  was  raised  and  a  ])lan 
of  Sabbatic  leave  of  absence  for  lu'ads  of  de]>artnu'nls  to  stndy 
abroad  on  half  ]>ay  was  adojded.  In  .hnns  11»0:>,  the  depart- 
ment of  chemisti-y  had  Dr.  \\'ells  advanced  in  clmr.L'e  of  it 
as  assistant  ])rofessor,  wliile  Dr.  ^[ontiionu'rv  directed  p]iysi<-s 
and  astronomy.  A  year  later,  this  well  beloved  scicniist  and 
vice  ])i'esid(Mit  of  the  college  for  fifteen  years  ])i-ei)ared  to  en- 
joy a  richly  nu'rited  year  of  rest  and   travid.     Ent  the  nnfor- 

[  -'-n  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

seen  consequences  of  an  operation  called  in  midsummer  from 
his  earthly  labors  Dr.  Montgomery,  one  who  literally  poured 
out  his  life  in  devotion  to  his  altna  mater.  Few  men  on  the 
roll  of  Allegheny's  Faculty  have  made  the  impression  upon 
students  for  things  that  are  true  and  pure  and  of  good  re- 
port as  did  James  H.  Montgomery. 

The  curriculum  of  the  college  was  expanding  as  the  work 
in  the  departments  grew  more  specialized.  The  number  of 
electives  offered  in  a  six  year  period  indicates  the  degree  of 
progress.  In  1899  forty-tliree  subjects  were  in  the  list,  in 
1905  seventy-three.  The  semester  system  now  replaced  the 
three  teams  a  year.  Also  again  several  changes  and  addi- 
tions took  place  in  the  teaching  staff.  Dr.  Bynum  had  re- 
signed the  chair  in  modern  languages,  and  after  a  year's  work 
by  an  instructor,  this  department  was  divided.  Dr.  G.  A. 
Mulfinger  of  the  L'niversity  of  Chicago  became  head  of  the 
German  section  and  Dr.  E.  N.  Eraser  was  brought  from  El- 
mira  College  to  be  dean  of  women  and  professor  of  French. 
Dr.  "Wells  was  made  full  professor  of  chemistry.  Dr.  O.  P. 
Akers  of  Cornell  University  was  the  new  assistant  professor 
of  mathematics  and  Professor  L.  R.  Brown  of  English.  Dr. 
S.  P.  Cook  was  acting  professor  of  physics. 

After  an  interval  of  two  years  the  lido  <if  ben'jvolence 
again  turned  towards  the  college.  Col.  S.  B.  Dick  of  Mead- 
ville.  Trustee  and  firm  friend,  donated  the  lands  adjacent  to 
llie  gymnasium  so  tliat  an  enlarged  athletic  field  was  a  possi- 
bility. In  ^farcli  lOO."),  Mr.  An<lrew  Carnegie  expressed  his 
first  generous  interest  in  Alleglieiiy  by  a  gift  of  S2.">,000.  This 
was  conditioned  u])on  a  like  sum  l)eing  secured.  Anotlier  roy- 
jil  fi'iend.  Ihe  largest  benefactor  of  a  century,  was  hereby 
i-ais(Ml  u]).  Tiie  libci-ality  of  ^Irs.  Sarali  B.  Cochran  of  Daw- 
son, Pa..  ])i-ovided  tliat  a  gymnasium  sliould  be  incbided  in 
the  addition  1o  Hulings  Hall. 

A  preparatory  scliool  Iniibling  was  also  made  i)()ssible  and 
the  Commencemenl  season  witnessed  the  laying  of  tin'  corner 
stones,  that  of  the  Academy  being  mai-ked  by  the  address  of 
•Tudge  .1.  J.  Ileiidei-son  and  that  of  the  Hulings  Annex  by  the 
address  of  Miss  Iris  Barr,  'SI.     The  ;ilniiiiii  also  had  a  notable 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

observance  of  the  nintieth  anniversarj^  of  the  founding;  of  Alle- 
gheny. Mr.  Wni.  Keynolds,  'o7,  represented  tlie  first  (piarter 
century  of  its  history.  Dr.  N.  H.  Axtell,  'GO,  the  second  quar- 
ter, Miss  Ida  M.  Tarbell,  'SO,  the  tliird  quarter,  and  Rev.  R. 
G.  Freeman,  '0."),  the  present. 


Alden  Hall,  19.)5 

Alden  Hall  was  the  name  j^iven  to  the  new  structure  at 
the  northeast  angle  of  the  campus.  The  year  previous  I*ro- 
fessor  F.  S.  Breed,  '!)8,  one  of  ablest  teachers  amon<j  the  young- 
er alumni,  was  made  principal  of  the  school.  In  staff  of 
instructors  and  in  equipment,  no  effort  was  spared  to  make 
the  separate  preparatory  i)lant  a  thorough  success.  The 
building  was   constructed   of  grey   viti-ified   brick   in   lOnglish 

[  243   ] 


niSTOMY   OF  ALLEdHEXY   COLLEGE 

scliool  style.  Its  interior  Avas  well  arranged  and  attractively 
linished.  It  contained  an  aiiditorinni,  fjyninas'um.  laboratory, 
society  and  recitation  rooms. 

The  Annex  to  Hnlings  Hall  was  formally  opened  November 
2S,  litO.").  Mrs.  Cochran  bein<i  able  to  be  present.  The  gym- 
nasinm  for  young  women  was  adequate  and  complete.  On  the 
fourth  floor  an  assemldy  room  for  the  Young  >\'omen's  Chris- 
tian Association  and  sorority  suites  were  provided.  Accomo 
<lations  were  now  secured  for  a  score  more  of  students.  I.i 
the  previous  year  old  Bentley  Hall  had  been  rennide  inside, 
corridors  constructe<l  and  offices  arranged  for  the  enlarged  ad- 
ministrative functions  of  the  college.  But  l*resident  Craw- 
ford yet  saw  new  needs  and  in  his  re])ort  of  June  '2^,  190.") 
urged  the  desirability  of  dormitories  and  a  connnons  for  young 
men.  besides  an  increase  of  scholarships. 

A  merited  distinction  was  accorded  Dr.  Crawford  this 
year  as  tlie  executive  head  of  Allegheny  College,  when  he  was 
made  one  of  the  twenty-five  trustees  of  the  Carnegie  Founda- 
tion for  the  Advancement  of  Tt'aching.  Tliis  organization 
was  destined  to  revolutionize  higher  and  iirofessiona'  educa- 
tion in  America  by  the  standards  it  establisluMl.  Dr.  Craw- 
ford was  a  delegate  from  the  Erie  Conference  to  the  Methodist 
Ceneral  Conferences  of  I'.MMK  1004,  1!M>S.  serving  on  imjtortani 
committees.  Tlie  college  was  widely  known  through  its  pro- 
gressive ]iresident.  His  jxdicy  was  to  have  Alleghenv  repre 
senfeil  in  educational  conferences  and  in  the  sessions  of 
h'ariied   and    ]»rofessional   associations. 

The  lh)\v  of  b<Mievo]ence  continue(|  in  1000.  At  the  Trus- 
tee miM'ting  in  -lune.  thin'e  large  gifis  were  announced.  Mr. 
.\ndi-e\v  Carnegie  olfered  SL'.-i.OOO  foi-  the  endowm<Mit  of  the 
libi-ai-y,  ]»i-()vide(l  the  amount  was  duplicated.  This  condition 
was  met  by  the  gift  of  Cliicago  real  estate  from  .1.  I'\  ICber- 
hart.  the  benefactor  of  other  years.  ^Frs.  Sarah  H.  J'ochraiL 
also  lil»ei"illy  pledged  .'^.'iO.OOO  for  the  erection  of  a  comnn)ns 
and  dormitory.  1Mie  Carnegie  Foundation  for  the  Advance^, 
nient  of  Teaching  now  seh'cf<Ml  Dr.  Hammett  in  Ids  nintieth 
ycai-  aftei'  sixty  years  service  in  the  I'^iculty.  as  the  beneticiary 
<if  a   icliring  aHowance  of  twelve  hnndre<l  dollai-s  a  yeai'. 

I    -'44   ] 


IIISTOKV  OF  ALLE(JII1<:XV   COLJ.KdE 

Tlie  library  witli  its  early  Ireasinvs  was  th()rou<:;lily  cata- 
l()<;ue<l  with  tiic  assistance  of  Miss  Edith  Rowley,  "O.").  who 
after  sjjeeial  traiiiiiiji  hecaine  lihi-ariaii.  The  card  index,  inak- 
injj;  the  hooks  readily  available  for  the  tirst  time,  caused  the 
students  to  utilize  the  library  in  a  manner  that  had  been  the 
ideal  of  the  jjenerations  in  the  l-^ijilities  and  Nineties.  After 
four  years  of  brilliant  teachin<>-.  ])r.  A.  (\  Kniidson  was  called 
to  Boston  rniversity  as  ])rofessor  of  Hebrew  and  Old  Testa- 
Jiient.  The  colle<»e  had  the  rai-e  fortune  to  secure  for  the  va- 
cant chaii'  in  Bible  and  iihilosojthy  one  of  its  alumni.  Dr.  C. 
!^[.  Cobern,  'KJ,  who  came  to  his  work  with  hi^li  repute  as  a 


•* —  .~s-      v^aa 


Cochran  Hall 

Bible  student,  orator  ami  archaeolo^uist.  Dr.  C  -I.  Linji'  of 
Cornell  University  became  in  1!)()0  ])rofessor  of  physics,  and 
Dr.  (i.  E.  Suavely  was  brou<iht  from  .lohns  IIo])kins  to  be 
instructor  in  Fi-ench. 

The  enrollment  of  the  colle<;e  was  jiradually  mountiiif!;. 
The  senior  class  of  1!»(H  ecpialled  the  record  number  of  IDO.', 
but  the  next  year  it  advanced  ten,  there  bein«i;  tifty-seven  jiradu- 
ates.  The  total  attendance  was  nearin<>'  three  hundred.  This 
made  im])erative  the  adeijuate  housin<i-  of  the  FreshiiUMi,  so 
that  the  com])letion  of  Cochran  Hall  was  most  timely.  The 
corner-stone  had  been  ])laced  June  19,  1007,  with  an  ins]>irin^ 
address  by   Bislio]>   W.    F.   McDowell.     The   formal    ceremony 

[   24.-,   ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

of  the  presentation  of  the  building  to  Allegheny  College  oc- 
curred April  23,  1908. 

Of  the  ten  buildings  which  adorned  then  the  college  cam- 
pus, Cochran  Hall  was  the  most  costly.  It  was  also  the  most 
beautiful,  as  well  as  the  most  artistic  and  practical  in  its 
equipment.  To  have  a  Commons  of  such  elegance  and  size 
was  far  beyond  the  good  fortune  of  the  average  small  college 
of  America.  The  structure  is  120  by  80  feet,  of  red  brick  with 
tile  roof.  The  reception  hall  with  its  broad  fire  place,  and 
the  lounging  room  with  its  rugs  and  appropriate  furniture 
convej'  a  home-like  impression.  The  dining  room,  oak-paneled 
and  with  beamed  ceiling  is  very  attractive.  The  second  floor 
is  a  Freshman  dormitory  and  the  basement  is  given  over  to 
the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association  and  the  bowling  al- 
leys. 

The  public  took  a  lively  interest  in  the  opening  of  Coch- 
ran Hall.  Mrs.  Sarah  B.  Cochran,  the  donor,  was  the  guest 
of  honor  and  in  her  behalf  Rev.  J.  D.  Brison,  '97,  made  the 
])resentation  of  the  building  to  the  Board  of  Trustees,  which 
was  accepted  in  their  name  by  Dr.  T.  L.  Flood.  The  orator 
of  the  occasion  was  Senator  J.  P.  Dolliver  of  Iowa  who  in 
speaking  of  the  field  and  service  of  the  modern  college,  praised 
Mrs.  Cochran  for  the  handsome  gift  by  which  she  "'made 
herself  henceforth  a  potent  part  of  the  institution  from  gen- 
eration to  generation." 

While  Allegheny  was  thus  growing  materially,  there  came 
also  a  signal  expansion  in  spirit,  a  unique  establishment  of  col- 
lege tradition,  almost  over  night,  as  it  were.  Sentiment  is 
not  a  thing  to  manufactured.  Its  growth  can  not  be  forced. 
But  conditions  in  Allegheny  were  ripe  for  a  renaiv;.^ance  of 
loyalty  and  hero-worship.  College  spirit  needed  something  con 
Crete  about  which  to  rally,  a  personality  that  compelled  ad 
miration  and  reverence.  It  was  the  rare  privilege  of  a  Senior 
on  the  Commencement  stage  of  1907  to  make  a  contribution 
to  Allegheny  sentiment  and  history  as  valuable  as  any  gift  of 
buildings  or  emlowment  in  the  Twentieth  Century. 

Timothy  Alden  was  the  theme  of  the  Senior  speaker,  Mr. 
F.  L.  LaBounty.     He  told  of  the  vision  of  our  Founder,  his 

[  240  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

faith,  his  labors  for  his  institution,  he  alone  making  secure 
for  Meadville  a  college  of  the  future.  By  his  optimism,  his 
learning  and  enthusiasm  the  first  president  was  to  the  present 
hour  a  challenge  to  the  integrity,  the  scholarship  and  the 
patriotism  of  the  alumni  of  Allegheny.  Then  growing  mor<i 
incisive  the  orator  said : 

"I  have  a  quarrel  because  we  have  been  neglectful  of  his  memory 
and  unmindful  of  his  services.  It  is  high  time  to  take  a  backward  glance. 
It  should  be  a  matter  of  remorse  that  there  is  no  portrait  of  him  on  the 
Hill,  no  hall  nor  class  memorial  to  recall  his  name.  And  yet  we  call 
ourselves  the  sons  of  Timothy.  Let  us  make  amends.  Let  us  go  on  a 
pious  quest  to  pay  our  small  tribute  at  the  grave  of  Timothy  Alden. 
Come  with  me  where  the  morning  mists  of  the  Allegheny  roll  up  the 
hillside  at  Sharpsburg.  Come  with  me  into  this  deserted  burial  place. 
With  reverent  hand  let  us  raise  the  fallen  slab  and  read  again  the  quaint 
inscription  of  the  'founder  of  unremitting  assiduity.' 

Let  us  go  on  our  way  self-justitled  and  leave  the  golden  opportunity 
of  a  more  fitting  tribute  to  another  generation.  Ah,  a  hundred  years 
hence,  Timothy  Alden  will  have  come  into  his  own;  then  his  form  shall 
have  been  chiselled  in  rarest  marble  for  this  College  Hill  and  the  story 
of  his  fame  be  the  familiar  lore  of  every  Allegheny  fireside." 

The  oration  brought  conviction ;  the  college  pres;*  called 
for  action.  President  Crawford  arranged  with  the  trustees 
of  the  Pine  Creek  Presbyterian  cemetery  and  the  Alden  heirs 
to  have  the  remains  of  the  Founder  and  his  wife  brought  to 
Meadville  for  reburial  in  Greendale.  This  act  of  college  de- 
votion was  done  on  April  8,  1908,  Meadville  suspending  busi- 
ness as  the  cortege  passed  along  the  streets  and  through  the 
campus  to  the  new  place  of  interment.  The  Mayor,  city  coun- 
cil. Masonic  fraternity.  Faculty  and  students  participated  in 
the  reverent  honors  to  the  dead.  In  Ford  Memorial  Chapel  ap- 
preciative historical  addresses  were  made  by  Professors  But- 
ton and  p]lliott. 

In  June  1908,  the  Seniors  placed  a  memorial  tablet  to 
Timothy  Alden  in  the  main  corridor  of  old  Bentley.  Found- 
ers Day  now  took  a  place  in  the  Allegheny  calendar,  April 
24,  being  observed  as  the  date  of  the  arrival  of  Alden  in 
1815.  Addresses  were  made  on  the  day  in  1909  by  I-".  L.  La 
Bounty,  on  the  meaning  of  Founders  Day  and  Dr.  E.  A.  Smith 
on  Presidents  Enter  and  Clark,  and  in  1910  by  Bishop  Tho- 

[  :^-tT   ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

burn  on  Galvin  Kingsley  and  by  Hon.  Harvey  Henderson  on 
I'resident  Barker. 

The  Commencement  of  1908  was  marked  by  a  change  in 
tlie  presidency  of  the  Board  of  Trustees.  After  eight  years 
of  loyal  lea<lership  Mr.  Dnrbin  Home  resigned  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Mr.  Frank  A.  Arter.  '64  of  Cleveland.  He  was  the. 
second  alumnus  in  the  history  of  the  college  to  hold  the  posi- 
tion of  President  of  the  Trustees.  No  son  of  Allegheny  had 
suri»assed  him  in  deep  unwavering  affection  for  his  alma 
mater  and  in  generous  support  of  it.  Mr.  Arter  had  been 
absent  from  but  few  Commencements  in  two  score  years.  He 
knew  the  needs  of  the  old  college;  he  had  been  a  i)owerful 
factor  in  the  new  ])rosperity,  he  had  well  defined  i)lans  for 
a  yet  eidaiging  future  of  usefulness. 

The  scholastic  year  of  1908-0  was  an  ideal  one  in  the  in- 
ternal efficiency  and  spirit  of  the  college.  The  enrollment 
liad  leaped  much  above  three  hundred.  The  system  of  scholar- 
ships available  for  honor  graduates  of  high  schools  in  the 
]»atronizing  territory  was  yielding  excellent  results.  The 
newly  named  Alden  Aca<lemy  was  oddly  not  holding  its  own 
and  was  made  into  a  boys'  school.  Athletic  successes  caused 
much  enthusiasm  in  college  circles,  while  the  intercollegiate 
debaters  won  brilliant  victories  an<l  Allegheny  captured  first 
l»lace  at  Wooster  in  the  new  inter-State  oratorical  league. 
The  interest  of  several  yeai-s  in  mission  study  reached  a  climax 
in  the  attendance  U]K)n  the  volunteer  classes. 

Again  an  extraordinary  event  was  staged  u]>on  tlie  cam- 
]ms.  l'''r<)m  Aju-il  11  to  i:>.  1!)09.  the  fiftieth  anniversary  of 
the  sailing  of  I^isho])  dames  M.  Thobnrn  as  a  missionary  to 
India  was  celcbi-alcMl  in  exercises  of  elaborate  ceremony  and 
niiparallcled  apjireciat ion.  A  woi-ld-wide  homage  was  paid 
to  the  man  for  the  sublime  achievements  of  his  life.  It  was 
;i  i»i-ecions  privilege  for  the  undergraduates  to  witness  vhe  uni- 
\(M-sal  tribute  laid  at  the  f«'et  of  tiie  most  distinguishc<l  alum- 
iins  of  Allegheny.  liishop  Tiiobui-n  had  move<l  to  Moadville 
(oi-  the  education  of  his  family.  It  was  a  beautiful  t(>ken  of 
tlie  affect  ion  of  friends  of  all  climes  and  faiths  when  on  April 
I.'!,  a  home  was  |»resented  to  him  and  one  thousand  dollars. 

[    -'48    I 


iiiSTOiiY  OF  alle(ihi<:ny  college 

In  tlie  Thobuni  Jubilee  missionary  secretaries  of  all  de- 
Tioiniiiations.  cliurcli  editors.  Bishops  and  missionaries  par-: 
tioipated.  More  than  thirty  able  and  si<?nifieant  addresses 
were  jjiven  in  Ford  Memorial  Cliai)el.  Through  them  all  the- 
modest  simplicity  of  the  Bishop  of  India  was  uppermost. 
AVith  the  dignity  of  a  saint  he  heard  the  gracious  words,  only 
to  avow  with  steadfast  faith,  "the  work  is  of  God."  The 
speakers  all  emphasized  the  supreme  importance  of  the  Chris- 
tian college  as  a  training  school  for  missionary  leadership. 
The  final  words  of  BisliO]>  Hamilton  were,  ''all  continents 
bring  honor  to  you  and  you  are  bringing  such  honor  to  Mead- 
ville  as  to  ])lace  it  among  the  immortals." 

The  members  of  the  Faculty  in  succession  availed  them- 
selves of  the  Sabbatic  year  for  study  abroad  and  in  July,  1909, 
the  ])resi(lent  sailed  for  a  well-earned  sojourn  in  Europe.  Pro- 
fessor W.  T.  Dutton,  the  ranking  senior  in  service  on  the  stall', 
became  acting  president.  Once  again  the  attendance  showed 
gains  and  the  size  of  the  graduating  class  set  a  new  record. 
But  the  year  begun  so  aus|)iciously  changed  later  in  the  pub- 
lic relations  of  the  college. 

The  new  order  of  things  in  Allegheny  had  not  extended  to 
all  the  machinery  of  control  and  administration.  When  the 
treasurer  of  the  college  and  also  of  the  Centenary  Society  of 
the  Erie  Conference  resigned  in  1908,  Dr.  T.  L.  Flood,  a 
former  vice  president  of  the  Trustees,  assumed  the  duties  of 
treasurer  after  the  local  audit  of  the  books.  No  adecpnite 
system  had  been  used  in  the  past  to  safeguard  the  receipt  and 
disbursement  of  funds,  such  as  double  signing  of  checks  and 
vouchers.  Ivumors  of  large  defalcations  of  a  ]»revious  official 
were  given  sensational  currency  in  the  fall  of  1909.  A  spec- 
ial meeting  of  the  Trustees  was  lield  and  exi)ert  accountants 
em]>loved  to  make  thoi-ougli  examination  of  the  financial  af 
fail's  of  the  college.     The  ])resident  now  returned  from  abroad. 

Eventually,  a  loss  of  a  few  thousand  dollars  came  upon 
the  college  treasury.  The  funds  of  the  Centenary  Society 
did  not  emerge  so  hap])ily  and  with  the  losses  of  earlier  years 
its  total  holdings  were  much  reduced.  Out  of  this  hurtful 
l)ublicity  and  bad  financial  sui)ervision  came  the  gain   of  an 

[   249   ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

entirely  reorganized  system  of  handling  the  college  monies. 
Modern  methods  of  accounting  and  auditing  were  instituted. 
The  Colonial  Trust  Company  of  Pittsburgh  was  made  the 
financial  trustee  of  the  College  and  a  new  investment  com- 
mittee created. 

The  third  momentous  incident  in  the  administration  of 
the  ninth  president  took  place  at  the  semi-annual  meeting  of 
the  Board  of  Trustees,  February  24,  1910.  It  was  after  the 
auditor's  voluminous  report  had  been  submitted,  and  the  rec- 
ommendations of  the  committee  of  revision  had  been  discussed 
and  accepted,  after  a  resolution  of  appreciation  of  the  services 
of  Dr.  Crawford  had  been  spread  on  the  minutes,  with  the 
tribute,  ''Allegheny  College  is  what  it  is  because  he  has  made 
it,"  that  the  president  of  the  college  made  a  stupendous 
proposition.  He  asked  its  support  in  a  campaign  to  raise 
half  a  million  dollars  for  endowment  to  celebrate  the  Centen- 
nial of  1915.  He  explained  that  negotiations  had  been  opened 
with  the  General  Education  Board  with  a  possibility  that  it 
would  give  a  substantial  sum  to  start  the  movement.  The 
boldness  of  the  project  challenged  the  imagination  of  the 
Board  and  it  solidly  voted  its  approval. 

The  work  on  college  hill  went  along  as  usual  during 
all  the  outside  turmoil  and  the  student  body  was  serene.  Ii: 
did  send  its  representatives  to  a  local  newspaper  to  protest 
against  what  seemed  to  it  a  partisan  attitude.  In  the  chapel 
[)eriod  of  February  26,  a  vast  rejoicing  greeted  the  executive 
announcement  that  the  needed  ten  thousand  dollars  had  been 
pledged  to  complete  the  work  on  the  athletic  field,  and  that 
the  long  desired  rustic  bridge  over  the  ravine  would  be  built 
l)y  Mrs.  Sarah  B.  Cochran,  as  well  as  a  bonndary  wall  on 
the  south  of  the  campus.  Then  in  Februaiy  2S,  in  a  fine  out- 
burst of  tliorongh  loyalty  the  four  classes  marched  down  to 
wave  hon  rnyaqc  to  Dr.  Crawford  as  he  started  back  to  Rome 
to  resume  his  leave  of  absence. 

The  secretary  of  the  General  Education  Board  of  New 
York  visited  Allegheny  sooner  than  anticipated.  From  its 
previous  surveys  the  Boar<l  was  aware  of  the  two  chief  centers 
of  j)atronage.  I'ittsburgh  and  Meadville,  au<l  of  the  increasing 

f  -'"»o  1 


HISTOKV  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

j)i'oportion  of  matriculates  wiio  graduated.  Now,  no  item  of 
laboratory,  library,  class  room  or  campus  escaped  the  notice 
of  the  keen-eyed  inquisitor.  Forty  colleges  had  precedence 
over  Allegheny  in  application  for  aid,  but  the  news  went 
abroad  May  2-i:  that  the  institution  at  Meadville  had  been 
voted  a  conditional  gift  of  one  hundred  thousand  dollars. 
The  principle  of  the  Board  was  to  help  those  who  already 
have  and  who  help  themselves. 

The  following  month  at  the  annual  Trustee  meeting,  the 
Half  Million  program  was  given  a  mighty  impetus  by  the 
jdedge  of  one  hundred  thousand  dollars  from  the  best  friend 
of  the  college,  Mrs.  Sarah  B.  Cochran.  The  president  asked 
that  plans  for  the  entire  campaign  be  reserved  for  the  semi- 
annual session  of  the  Board.  These  two  handsome  proffers 
of  financial  assistance  to  Allegheny  coming  at  this  juncture 
were  exceedingly  impressive.  They  indicated  that  the  in- 
creased endowment  would  surely  be  secured,  and  the  em- 
barrassments which  had  grown  most  serious  by  the  enlarging 
college  and  its  needs  would  be  adequately  relieved. 

The  Commencement  season  of  1910  was  further  marked 
by  the  dedication  of  a  large  granite  boulder  and  tablet,  a 
memorial  to  the  students  who  fought  in  the  Civil  War.  The 
rustic  bridge  across  the  historic  ravine,  leading  into  the  inner 
campus,  was  also  formally  thrown  open  with  addresses.  The 
Alumni  Association  made  its  first  suggestions  as  to  the  ap- 
propriate participation  of  the  alumni  in  the  one-hundrodtli 
anniversary  of  the  founding  of  the  college.  Another  matter 
of  especial  interest  to  them  was  direct  alumni  representation 
on  the  Board  of  Tiustees.  I*etitions  had  previously  gone  to 
the  Board  and  special  committees  had  a  change  in  the  govern- 
ing body  under  advisement. 

The  practice  had  been  for  nominations  to  the  Trustee's 
office  to  come  from  the  Joint  Board  of  Control.  The  first 
step  was  to  get  the  consent  of  the  Methodist  Conferences,  rep- 
resented in  this  Joint  Board,  to  a  readjustment  of  the  sj'stem, 
admitting  the  alumni  to  a  choice.  Tlie  plan  submitted  looked 
1o  the  withdrawal  of  the  West  Virginia  and  East  Ohio  Con- 
ferences from  any  voice  in  the  government;  the  Pittsburgh 

[  251   ] 


HI8T0KY   OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

and  Erie  Gonferences  were  to  name  eight  each  for  the  Board 
and  the  alumni  eight.  This  action  would  result  in  the  termin- 
ation of  the  Joint  Board  of  Control  dating  from  1857,  and  end 
the  uncertain  double-barrelled  control  that  worked  such  havoc 
in  the  late  Eighties. 

Three  of  the  Conferences  promptly  assented  to  ihe  new 
program.  Because  of  certain  objections  in  the  Erie  Confer- 
ence of  1010,  that  body  did  not  take  final,  favorable  action 
until  a  year  later.  Meanwhile  the  alumni  association  devel- 
oped its  system  of  nomination  for  its  representatives.  In  th(; 
January  Trustee  meeting  of  11)12  the  first  nominees  of  four 
each  submitted  by  the  two  Methodist  bodies  were  elected  to 
mend)ershi]).  Eventually  twenty-four  Trustees  will  be  chosen 
for  a  limited  term  of  four  years,  six  retiring  each  year,  while 
twenty-three  are  life  mend)ers.  selected  cooptatively. 

The  problems  of  the  modern  curriculum  and  of  the  re- 
quirements for  entraiice  to  college  had  i)ressed  heavily  upon 
Allegheny  as  upon  all  American  institutions  of  higher  learn- 
ing. A  solution  as  the  college  saw  its  needs  was  finely  effected 
in  1011  and  there  has  come  to  pass  a  New  Allegheny  scholas- 
tically.  The  former  courses  of  study  were  aboli>he<i.  They 
are  reiilaced  by  eight  groups  of  study,  foui'  leading  lo  the  B. 
A.  degrees,  four  to  the  B.  S.  The  list  of  free  electives  in  the 
•lunior  and  Senior  years  was  altered;  as  large  a  number  is 
oIlercMl.  but  they  must  be  selected  in  refei'en<-e  to  tlu'  grou]> 
of  studies  jmrsued. 

In  entrance  re<iuirenients  ll(\\ibiliiy  was  secui-ed  by  a  larg- 
<M-  list  of  subjects  for  which  a  corres]>ondingly  larger  credit 
is  allowe<l.  Entrance  cei-tificates  are  acce]>ted  only  from 
graduates  of  the  tirst  raidc  high  school.  Thus  the  curriculuni 
came  to  lead  the  way  in  the  new  order  in  ediication.  Tliougli 
mathematics  was  ]tlaced  in  the  elective  list  for  those  in  the 
;irls  c(»ui-ses,  and  Latin  entrance  re(|uirements  were  reduced 
l>y  half  for  mod<'i-n  language  stu<lents.  the  entire  action  of 
file  lime  was  taken  in  a  sj>irit  of  liberal  conservatisu).  Alle- 
glieiiy  emerged  more  distinctively  a  college  of  liberal  arts,  a 
home  foi-  the  study  of  the  humanities. 

The  limit  of  time  set  for  the  raisiui:  of  the  half  million  en- 


HISTOKV   OF  ALLI'](JIII-:XV  C()J.LE(;E 

(lowiiient  was  Foiiiidei's'  Day,  Api-il  24,  11)12.  Soon  after  the 
larjjc  ji'ift  of  Mrs.  Cocliraii  in  1!)1()  which  was  to  endow  the 
])resi(lent's  chair,  tlie  tine  contribntion  of  forty  thousand  dol- 
hirs  was  made  by  Mrs.  Mary  M.  Newton,  tlie  earlier  donor  of 
the  Memorial  Observatory.  The  ])lan  foi-  a  year  ainl  more 
was  for  ]>r.  Crawford  to  i)resent  the  claims  of  the  college  to 
its  friends.  solicitin<''  <;ifts  of  oiu'  thousand  dollars  at  least 
and  travelinji  to  the  I'acitic  coast.  ]^y  -January,  1912,  the  re 
suits  were  reassuring  ami  many  generous  responses  had  been 
made.  Then  on  ^larch  2(1  a  s])ecial  meeting  of  the  Trustees 
decided  niK)n  a  whirlwind  finish,  for  over  one  hundred  thou- 
sand  was  needed  to  bind  tlie  big  pledges. 

The  two  centers  of  the  (dosing  cam]»aign  were  IMttsburgh 
and  Meadville.  Mr.  T.  D.  Collins  increased  his  gift  of  twenty- 
four  thousand  by  ten.  The  (Muunbers  estate  brought  timely 
aid  with  the  sum  of  twelve  thousand  ti\e  hundred.  The  seat 
of  llu'  college  was  asked  to  raise  thirty  thousand.  By  aggres- 
sive teams  with  Tol.  Lewis  Walker  '77  as  local  chairman  the 
amount  was  exceeded.  The  lu'ighboring  towns  rendered  vali- 
ant aid.  Jamestown,  X.  Y.  sending  in  ])o])nlar  subscriptions 
tliirty-eight  hundred  dollars  and  Franklin,  seventeen  liundred. 
Titnsville,  Oil  City  and  Warren  by  a  few  notable  gifts  totaled 
lai-ger  sums.  Over  four  liundred  of  the  alumni  made  their 
pledges.  The  stu<lent  body  collected  tifty-seven  hundred  dol 
lai-s.  An  hour  before  midnight  on  A]>ril  24th,  the  Senior  class 
gave  the  tinal  sum  of  the  Half  Million.  None  but  the  par- 
tici])ants  know  the  complete  joy  of  the  celebration  that  en 
sued  that  night. 

It  was  the  largest  achievement  of  the  administration  to 
that  date.  The  sn]»])orters  of  Allegheny  had  bt^Mi  rallied 
with  rare  skill.  The  nund)er  of  contributions  exceeded  one 
thousand.  Mr.  F.  A.  Arter,  Di-.  (\  F.  Welch  and  Mr.  J.  E. 
Ford  each  gave  ten  thousand  or  upwards.  Ten  more  good 
fi-iends  gave  five  thousand  each  and  two  score  others  signed 
for  from  one  to  five  thousand  a  piece.  The  gifts  meant  at 
once  an  increased  Faculty.  The  "Centennials,"  the  class  of 
1915,  entered  one  hundred  and  thirty  strong.     The  college  now 

[  ^^-^   ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

passed  the  four  hundred  mark.  The  first  plans  for  the  century 
jubilee  were  announced  in  June,  1912. 

The  expanding  Chemistry  Department  was  now  installed 
in  Alden  Hall,  the  academy  being  abandoned,  since  those 
entering  Allegheny  were  coming  prepared  from  the  high 
schools.  Montgomery  Field  was  finally  opened  October  5, 
1912,  giving  the  college  superior  athletic  grounds,  and  con- 
crete grandstand.  Mr.  J.  F.  Eberhart  rounded  out  his  gifts 
to  his  alma  mater  to  an  even  one  hundred  thousand  in  Chicago 
properties.  Then  he  paid  for  twenty-six  acres  on  Park  Avenue 
extension  to  make  a  second  athletic  field. 

In  shaping  the  future  policy  of  the  college  the  Trustees 
took  the  rather  radical  step  of  limiting  the  attendance  to  four 
hundred.  The  friends  of  the  institution  felt  that  under  the 
present  endowment  and  equipment  the  best  results  could  not 
be  secured  with  a  larger  student  body.  The  i)!un  lias 
been  to  raise  the  standard  of  work  so  that  the  enrollment 
could  be  automatically  regulated  by  the  character  of  the  schol- 
arship. Warrant  for  tliis  action  was  afforded  by  the  tlior- 
ough  inspection  made  by  the  T^.  S.  Bureau  of  iMlucation  and 
a  high  official  rating  given  to  Allegheny.  An  increase  of  the 
term  fees  from  seventy-five  to  one  hundred  dollars  a  year 
brought  no  diminution  of  i>atronage. 

After  eleven  years  of  constructive  woi-k  of  high  (-iliciency 
in  biology.  Dr.   K.   S.   Breed  went  in   19i:>  to   tlie  New   York 
Experiment  Station,  and  was  succeeded  by  Dr.  C.  A.   Darling 
of  Colund)ia.     Dr.   E.  A.   Smith   after  three  years  in    Prince 
ton  Pniversity  returned  to  the  department  of  history,  econo 
mics  and  political  science.     On  October  IS.  191.'>  a  signilicani 
occasion  was  observed  by  the  Faculty  in   the  anniversary  of 
tlie    twenty    years    administration     com])lete(l     by    Pi'esident 
CrawfoT'd.     In  tlic  remarks  of  Professor  Dutton  a  tine  tribute 
was  ]»aid  to  the  coni'age,  the  patience  and   the  energy  of  the 
execntive.     The  score  of  years  had    witnessed   a    brilliant    ad- 
vance on   the   Hill:  from   fonr  fnll   professors  to  twehc,  from 
lir>  t()  4b!(  sindents,  from  fonr  l»nildings  to  ten,  from  U'U  thon 
sand    dollai's   endowment    to   over  eight    hundred    thousand. 

The  chief  excnt   of  the  yeai*  in   the   inteiMinl   life  of  the  <'ol 

[   2.-,I    1 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

lege  was  the  adoption  of  the  honor  system  in  examinations. 
The  movement  was  started  by  the  Seniors,  supported  by  the 
Juniors  and  favorably  voted  upon  by  the  entire  student  body. 
The  sudden  deatli  of  Professor  Dutton,  tlie  senior  professor 
of  the  Faculty,  March  10,  was  deeply  mourned  by  college  and 
community  alike.  He  had  borne  with  great  credit  many  of 
the  administrative  burdens,  while  Dr.  Crawford  was  busy 
with  the  financial  expansion  of  the  college. 

The  program  for  the  celebration  of  the  one  hundredth 
anniversary  of  the  founding  of  the  college  now  took  final  form. 
There  was  to  be  a  conference  of  leading  educators  upon  the 
place  of  the  liberal  arts  college  in  the  American  system  of  edu- 
cation. The  alumni  arranged  for  the  preparation  of  a  histor- 
ical pageant,  the  book  to  be  written  by  I'rofessor  George  P. 
Baker  of  Harvard  University,  who  was  likewise  pageant  mas- 
ter. An  alumni  register  containing  the  names  also  of  non- 
graduates  was  prepared  with  infinite  labor  by  I'rofessor  Ross. 

The  centennial  year  was  marked  by  a  disastrous  fire,  the 
second  ever  to  visit  the  Hill.  Alden  Hall  was  ruined  by  the 
fiames  .January  lo,  191  .j.  Falling  at  a  time  when  all  though^ 
was  fixed  on  the  coming  jubilee,  the  first  sensation  was  one 
of  deep  discouragement.  But  out  of  the  sudden  loss  came  a 
vast  gain.  President  Crawford  and  the  Trustees  had  their 
ambitious  plans  promptly  supported  by  that  excellent  friemi 
of  nmny  previous  occasions,  Mr.  Andrew  Carnegie.  He  agreed 
to  give  forty  thousand  dollars  for  a  Hall  of  Chemistry  pro 
vided  twenty  thousand  was  added  for  its  maintenance.  The 
Board  met  the  conditions  and  appointed  ten  thousand  more 
to  the  furnishing. 

The  Carnegie  Hall  of  Chemistry  is  a  fire  i»roof  structure, 
two  stories  in  height,  placed  south  of  the  Observatory  and 
facing  ^[ain  street.  It  is  120  by  00  feet,  and  when  entered 
in  October  will  be  a  model  plant  in  convenience  and  equip- 
ment for  the  science.  Out  of  tlie  ruined  walls  of  Alden  arose 
a  new  aiid  enlarged  building,  the  Alden  Hall  of  Biology  an.1 
Geology.  The  structure  is  lengtliened  to  120  feet,  and  with 
its  tile  roof  has  become  a  highly  ornamiMital  addition  to  the 
campus.  Thus  out  of  the  destruction  of  a  winter's  day  came 
two  splendi<l   buildings  for  the  second  century  of  Allegheny. 

[  '^-^^  a  ] 


ciiAP'i  i:h  IX 
THE    LllERAin     SOCIETIES 


ALLEGHENY 
LITERARY  HALL 


^'lOAK  before  tlie  ]»atri(»tic  eveiil,  Isaiali 
Thomas,  tlie  ]»i'esi(leiil  of  llie  Aniericaii 
Aiili(|iiariaii  Society,  wi-ole  fi-oni  Wor- 
cester to  liis  fi-ieii(l.  Tiiiiotliy  Alden, 
"Matters  are  in  train  for  ceiel>ratin<? 
tlie  second  iiraiid  ceiileiiary  of  tlie  laiidii!<>'  of  the 
]Ml<;rinis  at  riyiiioulli.  JJy  our  a]»i)lication  to 
the  j^-entlenien  of  that  place,  we  have  just  re- 
ceived intellij'ence  that  they  liave  formed  a  '1M1- 
jirim  Society.'  "  Followiii*];  this  hint,  there  was 
foiinde<l  in  Alle<>heny  College,  on  -Inly  1th,  1820, 
the  Beth  (Jimel  Lamed  Society,  or  the  ''Sons  of 
the  l'ilj>rims  of  Leyden,"  a  secret  orjianization.  Its  first  offi- 
cers were:  T.  d.  Fox  Alden.  i)resident;  Oliver  Alden  Taylor, 
vice-i>resident  :  David  Derickson.  secretary,  ami  A.  M.  While, 
treasurer. 

Its  lirst  jiT'eat  function  was  the  a]>]»roi>riate  l>i-centenary 
exercises  of  Dec.  22.  1S2(K  The  1 'resident  of  the  Colleue  and 
the  lioard  of  Tiiistees  with  the  citizens  generally  took  a  lividy 
interest  in  tlie  occasion.  The  ]»r()gram  was  given  on  Friday 
evening  in  the  new  brick  chnrch.  The  Alleghany  (\dlege 
Handel  I'and  fni-nislied  the  ninsic.  There  were  several  ora- 
tions, and  an  o<le  for  the  occasion,  written  l»y  Oliver  Taylor, 
and  snng  to  the  tnne  of  Oanges.  Tavlor  also  i-ecited  an  origimil 
])0(Mn  of  twelve  stanzas  entitled  th(>  Pih/riiiis  of  Lrij<lni.  The 
opening  and  closing  verses  were: 

^^'ith  joy  to  (-(debrate  the  day 
AVhen  our  forefathers'  grateful  lay 
I'^rom  Tlvim)utirs  Kock  fii-st  rose. 
In  songs  of  ]>raise,  let  all  as])ire 
Ami  glowing  with  cidestial  fire 
(Jod's  altar  round  emdose. 
[   2">'>  1 


IIISTOKV   OF   ALLKdIIENV   COLLEGE 

(),  (lay  of  (larkiu'ss,  donbt  aiul  fears, 
"When  round  that  rock  the  scalding  tears. 
First  fell  in  <>ratefnl  ])i-ayer; 
The  Indian,  famine,  winter's  cold. 
Disease  and  other  woes  untold  ; 
Yet  God  they  felt  was  there! 

And  he  was  there,  old  Isi-ael's  Sire, 
The  shinin<>-  cloud,  the  train  of  tire. 
The  manna  and  the  rod; 
Today,  from  tyrants  disenslaved 
We  live,  because  above  them  waved. 
The  banner  of  their  (Jod. 

The  ORAWFORn  Mi:ssKN(a:R  recorded,  that  ''the  youn<j  jjentle- 
men  jjave  vent  to  various  ])atriotick  rellections  and  fervent 
aspirations  for  the  increasing  gloi'y,  honor  and  hapjiiness  of 
the  western  world,  under  the  benign  influence  of  literature, 
science,  morality  and  religion,  fostered  by  the  best  form  of 
government  upon  earth,  a  lan<l  to  be  made  to  bud  and  blossom 
as  the  rose." 

The  Hebrew  named  society  observed  regularly  the  Decem- 
ber anniversary  and  also  the  Fourth  of  -July.  The  alumni  of 
the  college  maintained  an  active  mendtershij),  and  Timothy 
Alden  was  the  loyal  ]>atron  of  the  order.  Honorary  members 
were  elected  fi"om  the  benefactors  (►f  the  college.  The  badge  of 
the  society  was  a  blue  ribbon  with  a  rose,  to  be  worn  on  all 
]»ul»lic  occasions.  The  records  of  Beth  (Jimel  Lamed  were 
ke|>t  in  a  handsonndy  bound  volume,  where  there  is  faithful 
entry  of  the  exercises,  oflicials  and  memoirs  of  (leparted 
nienibei's. 

No  early  college  foundation  in  .\mei'ica  was  com]»let«'  until 
literary  societies  had  been  foi-med.  They  wei'e  a  legacy  of  the 
Ke\ oliit  ionai-y  period.  Tlie  students  loved  to  debate  on 
jtoiitical  themes,  in  most  of  th<'  institutions,  there  were  just 
two  i-ival  s(»(ietics  as  Cliosophic  and  Whig  Hall  at   Trincetoii. 

Tiicse  oiga  iiizal  ions  siip|died  for  many  decades  a;i  extra- 
ciiiricnlju-  ;i(ti\ity,   that    was   m<»i-e  engrossing   tiian   any   con 

f  -••'<:  1 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

ceivable  .stmlciit  iiilere.st  of  today.  The  testimony  is  convinc- 
ing, that  the  literary  societies  wei-e  i)otent  aids  to  the  colleges 
in  discipline,  in  the  training  of  stndents,  and  the  development 
of  forceful  ])ersonality. 

The  original  society  of  Allegheny  was  all  sulticieut  for  a 
small  college  enrollment.  The  organization  did  not  go  entirely 
out  of  existence,  even  when  the  institution  was  closed.  Its 
alumni  and  traditions  survived,  and  the  next  month  after  the 
reopening  under  Methodist  patronage,  in  1S:>:],  the  "Sons  of 
the  IMlgrims  of  JA^'den"  was  revived  and  reorganized  with  a 
new  constitution,  Dec.  "27,  18.'>.'>,  umler  the  name  of  the  Alle- 
gheny Literary  Society.  William  Keynolds,  '37,  who  IkmI  been 
a  member  under  the  old  order,  was  re-elected  to  its  successor. 
The  list  of  the  charter  nuMubers  has  been  lost,  though  exten- 
sive records  of  the  Society,  tilling  several  huge  tomes,  still 
renuiin.  From  the  early  minutes  are  gleaned  the  names  of 
Davis,  Ellis,  McMichael,  Morrison,  I\uter,  Shippen,  and  \"an 
Horn. 

With  the  growth  of  the  student  body  that  first  year,  there 
came  material  for  a  rival  organization.  In  the  middle  of 
March,  IHiU,  the  I'liilo-Fi-anklin  Society  nuule  its  appearance. 
For  seventy  years  these  two  names  of  Allegheny  and  Philo- 
Franklin  were  the  watch-words  to  enlist  the  energies  and  sliai)e 
the  lives  of  the  young  men  on  the  Hill.  Having  similar  gov- 
erning rules,  nund)ering  fairly  e(pial  enrollments,  they  worked 
together — or  rather,  they  did  not  I — "to  promote  Literature, 
Friendshi}),  and  Morality."  Never  was  res])onsil)ility  more 
sanguinely  assumed  nor  more  earnestly  borne.  Life  was  a 
fearfully  serious  nuitter  to  those  purposeful  youths,  and  the 
discipline  by  which  they  were  governed  was  none  the  less  stern 
because  self-imposed.  The  older  members  were  so  tremend- 
ously in  earnest.  Ami  as  for  the  younger  ones,  their  buoyant 
spirits  were  held  in  check  by  a  vigorously  graded  system  of 
punishments,  and  still  more,  possibly,  by  ardent  emulation  of 
their  seniors. 

The  Societies  met  each  Aveek  in  the  college  edifice  in  a  room 
assigned  by  the  Faculty,  the  Alleghenians  on  Friday  at  five 
o'clock,  the  IMiilos  on  Monday  evening  at  seven-thirty.     Later 

[  257  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

in  the  first  year,  each  met  Friday  evening.  The  suitable  time 
was  a  matter  of  sixty  years'  experimentation.  It  included 
eight  in  the  morning,  after  chapel,  three  in  the  afternoon  and 
all  Saturday.  Yes,  the  sessions  were  long.  Programs  of  three 
hours  were  common. 

The  minutes  of  Allegheny,  Jan.  17,  1834,  record  that 
Holmes  asked  optional  attendance  from  a  quarter  before  nine. 
And  the  session  began  at  five  I  No  wonder  the  society  used 
eight  pounds  of  candles  in  the  first  three  months.  Naturally 
the  lads  of  tender  years  incurred  frequent  fines  for  restless- 
ness. William  Reynolds,  the  youthful  veteran  of  Beth  Gimel 
Lamed,  drew  the  penalty  four  times  in  one  evening.  Yet 
recesses  were  rare,  only  one  being  named  in  ten  years,  and  ad- 
journments were  precious  indeed.  The  stern  chroniclers  note 
three:  "As  tribute  of  respect  to  Wm.  H.  Harrison  (April  !>, 
1841),  to  attend  a  lecture,  and  because  of  a  fire  in  the  village." 

MEMBERSHIP. 

Membership  in  either  society  was  open  to  any  student  of 
Alleglieny  College  in  regular  attendance  for  at  least  three 
weeks,  and  not  already  a  member  of  any  society.  Neglect  of 
study,  immoral  conduct,  or  expulsion  from  the  college  dis- 
qualified for  membership.  The  student  was  admitted  upon 
personal  written  application,  signed  by  some  member  of  the 
society,  by  whom  also  the  application  was  handed  to  the  secre- 
tary. Except  in  rare  cases,  the  request  was  not  voted  upon  for 
three  weeks,  and  a  two-thirds  vote  was  necessary  to  elect. 
Expulsion  was  very  infrecpient,  there  being  only  two  or  three 
cases  in  ten  years.    Tlie  following  are  typical  recpiests : 

Jan.   3,    1834. 
To  the  Allegheny  Literary  Society: 

Beinjj  fully  aware  of  the  advantages  lOf  literary  societies  generally, 
and  anticipating  more  particularly  the  benefits  of  your  institution,  I 
would  most  respectfully  solicit  membership. 

Leotes  L.  Holmes. 
(Signed)   William  H.  Davis. 

[  2r,s  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

May  19,  1837. 
To  the  A.  L.  S. 
Gentlemen: 

After  having  become  moderately  versed  as  to  the  advantages  de- 
rived from  associating  with  one  of  the  literary  societies  of  this  institu- 
tion; and  attempted,  by  way  of  experiment,  to  accomplish,  destitute  of 
those  advantages,  the  grand  object  which,  it  is  possible,  we  all  have  in 
view,  1  am  more  than  ever  convinced  of  their  eminent  utility  in  pre- 
paring a  student  to  leave  his  Alma  Mater  with  the  acquirements  most 
calculated  to  make  him  useful  in  the  world. 

And,  considering  that  1  am,  at  present,  under  no  obligation  to  any 
particular  body;  and  that,  of  the  two  societies,  in  yours  are  offered  the 
greater  facilities  for  the  acquisition  of  knowledge,  I  hereby  respectfully 
solicit  membership, 

Being, 

Gentlemen, 
Yours,  &c, 

Jabez  A.  Burton. 
Samuel  Griffiths. 

Members  leaving  the  societies  were  given  letters  of  honor- 
able dismissal.  The  Allegheny  letter  was  a  Latin  document, 
"printed  in  a  neat  and  correct  manner,  and  on  paper  of  the 
best  quality",  and  served  as  a  diploma  for  graduating  members 
as  well,  by  whom  it  was  as  highly  prized,  almost,  as  the 
diploma  of  the  college  itself. 

In  the  case  of  both  societies,  a  constitutional  clause  pro- 
vided that  "literary  gentlemen  may  be  honorary  members". 
And,  as  only  the  faculty  might  be  on  the  honorary  rolls  of 
both  societies,  there  inevitably  sprang  up  a  spirited  competi- 
tion in  the  addition  of  illustrious  members,  until  '"literary" 
would  hardly  be  ascribed  as  the  essential  qualification.  Each 
society  was  constantly  and  jealously  demanding  inspection  of 
the  other's  list  of  members. 

Among  those  whom  the  AUeghenians  deigned  to  honor 
were : 

G.  W.  Lafayette  of  France  Dr.  Wilbur  Fisk 

Senator  T.  H.  Benton  Ifev.  Matthew  Simpson 

Judge  Baldwin  of  U.  S.  Court  Kev.  F.  A.  Dighton 

Bishop  B.  II.  Roberts  Hon.  Israel  Poindexter  of  La. 

[  250  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

John  Quinc}-  Adams  Abraham  Lincolu,  Oct.,  1860 

J.  Fenimore  Cooler  General  G.  G.  Meade 

Thaddeus  Stevens  Speaker  Schuyler  Colfax 

Henry  A.  Wise  of  \'irginia  I'rince  Bismarck,  1873 

The  Philos,  not  to  be  outdone,  included  such  men  as: 

H.  R.  H.  Prince  Albert,  1810  Washington  Irving 

Hon.  E.  Everett,  LL.  D.  Hon.  Daniel  Webster 

Hon.  Horace  Mann  Hon.  Sam.  Houston 

Hon.  H.  W.  Longfellow  Horace  Greeley 

Hon.  James  Buchanan,  LL.  1).  Gen.  U.  S.  Grant 

Hon.  M.  \'an  Buren  Gen.  Fitz  Greene  Halleck 

Governor  Vance  Dr.  A.  B.  Hyde 

Having  elected  a  literary  gentleman,  the  society  sent  him  a 
polite  and  ceremonious  note,  informing  him  of  the  honOr, 
whereupon  the  literary  gentleman  politely  accepted  his  elec- 
tion. Fancy  the  elation  upon  receiving,  as  the  society  did,  a 
letter  from  Bismarck  or  from  Abraham  Lincoln ! 

Now,  honorary  niend)ership  was  in  those  days  no  piece  of 
empty  verbiage.  The  "literary  gentleman",  who  accepted  his 
election,  was  expected  to  maintain  a  lively  interest  in  the  So- 
ciety ;  to  deliver  a  Commencement  address  if  called  upon ;  and 
1o  assist  with  substantial  donations  the  Society  with  which  he 
was  united.  Thus,  Judge  Baldwin  was  the  ''Anniversary 
Orator"  at  the  1840  Commencement;  and  it  was  not  through 
unwillingness  on  his  ])art,  that  the  Hon.  James  Buchanan  did 
not  ]terform  a  similar  service  in  1S:U>.  The  IMiilos,  among 
their  many  intei'esting  ])apers,  ])ointed  with  much  ])leasure,  to 
the  following  laconic  lines  of  courtesy: 

January,  1837. 

Gentlemen: — Please  to  ac<-ept  of  the  enclosed,  as  a  small 
contribution  cheerfully  made,  in  aid  of  the  object  stated  in 
your  ]ett<M'.      liy  youi*  fricMul  and  well  wisher, 

810.00.  M.  Van  Buren. 

[    200   ] 


HISTOKV  OF  ALLIOdllEXY   COLLEGE 

THE    OKKICKKS. 

The  officers  wei*e  tlie  iisiial  ])resi(leiit:  or  speaker,  vice-i)resi- 
deiit,  and  secretary  or  clerk,  tlie  vice-president  actinii  also  as 
treasurer;  they  were  elected  for  six  weeks,  dnrinj^  which  time 
they  must  have  seemed,  to  the  reverent  freshman,  all-exalted 
and  all-powerful.  There  was  the  president,  always  in  his 
chair — a  cushioned  seat,  elevated  above  the  common  floor; — 
he  saw  tliat  ea<h  meetin<i  was  ojtened  and  closed  witli  ])rayer; 


President  Ruter  — Paintefl  for  the  Societies. 

he  preserved  ordei-;  lie  dii-ecled  the  other  officers  and  the 
inend)ers  in  the  ])ei-f()rnian('e  of  their  duties;  he  <iave  leave  of 
tem])orary  ahs(Mice;  he  reipiired  excuses  for  absence  or  non- 
])erformance ;  he  punished  disorderly  conduct,  ])resided  a( 
trials.  ])ron<>unced  sentence,  and  iiave  the  casting'  vote,  and 
I'ejected    motions    when    he    considered    them    out    of    order. 

[   -'<n    ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

Of  course  the  novitiates  stood  in  awe  of  him  I  And,  then  so 
learned  I  For  he  read  a  composition  on  the  evening  of  taking 
the  chair — a  stiff,  pompons,  dull,  learned  composition, — and 
delivered  an  original  oration  upon  leaving  office. 

The  vice-presidency  and  secretaryship  were  only  less  impor- 
tant ;  and  not  a  few  members  went  through  the  whole  cursus 
honorum.  Jonathan  Hamnett,  of  the  A.  L.  8.,  was  vice-presi- 
dent July-August,  1835,  and  secretary  May-June,  183G.  Wil- 
liam Reynolds  was  vice-president  in  January,  1837;  B.  B. 
Pickett,  in  1845;  and  C.  A.  Derickson  in  February,  184:1,  and 
president  in  June.  Calvin  Kingsley  presided  over  the  Philos 
in  February-March,  1839;  Christopher  Heydrick,  in  June, 
1852;  and  I*.  M.  McFarland  in  February,  1853.  Harvey  Hen- 
derson was  Philo  secretary  in  1856;  James  H.  Montgomery  in 
1873;  and  John  F.  Eberhart  was  secretary  in  March,  1852,  vice- 
I)resident  the  following  October,  and  president  in  the  January- 
February  term  of  1853. 

Some  of  the  leaders  at  the  middle  period  of  the  centurj'  of 
the  college  were  as  follows  from  the  Allegheny  Literary  So- 
ciety: James  M.  Thoburn,  '57;  Henry  Mansell,  '50;  J.  W. 
Smith,  'GO;  David  T.  McKay,  '62;  Reuben  C.  Frey,  '62;  Newton 
L.  Chalker,  '66 ;  George  W.  Delamater,  '69 ;  N.  H.  Holmes,  '70 ; 
John  O.  McClintock,  '72;  Camden  M.  Cobern,  '76;  Wayne 
AA^hipple,  '77;  Lewis  Walker,  '77;  Andrew  C.  Ellis,  '78;  Charles 
B.  Mitchell,  '79;  Arthur  L.  Bates,  '80. 

P^rom  the  IMiilo-Franklin  Literary  Society  were:  James  H. 
Messmore.  '59;  George  Norris,  '61;  J.  J.  Henderson,  '62;  Frank 
A.  Arter,  '(;4;  J.  P.  Colter,  '68;  M.  C.  Harris,  '73;  Lewis  Laud- 
erbaugh,  '76;  W  P.  Eckles,  '76;  W.  J.  Armstrong,  '81. 

It  is  to  be  noted,  that  the  vice-president  served  also  as 
Ireasui'er.  the  constitution  rcMpiiring  him  to  make  a  written 
report  at  the  close  of  Iiis  term  of  office.  These  rej)orts  throw 
some  light  on  tlie  financial  situation,  as  well  as  being  an  inde\ 
of  the  life  in  the  societies. 

Received  as  initiation  fee  from  Taylor  the  sum  of $      1.00 

do        from    Chadwick    1st,    for   letter  of  dismissal .25 

fine   from    Shippen .l8->^ 

[   262   1 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

Received  from  Galbraith  for  badge .25 

Receipts  from  Subscriptions    [1836-37] 345.25 

Contra. 

Paid  Mason  for  ringing  ttie  bell $      1.56  54 

Expenses  for  Contest   (March,   1835) 7.50 

For  work  in  Society  Room,  and  painting  chairs  (1837) 312.25 

For    Encyclopedia    95.00 

The  largest  single  item  of  expense  was  for  the  f  1500  piano 
purchased  by  the  Allegheny  Hall  in  the  eighties.  Next  in  mag- 
nitude were  the  sums  spent  for  furnishings,  redecorating  and 
repairing  the  Halls,  while  there  was  a  commendable  large  out- 
lay for  books. 

8ome  of  the  formal  reports  are  worth  quoting.  J.  D.  Herd, 
in  Jul}',  1834,  warned  his  comrades: 

"But  there  are  some  few  of  the  members  that  appear  quite  too  indif- 
ferent about  the  interests  of  the  Society,  so  much  so,  that  it  is  with 
reluctance  that  they  attend  at  all.  There  is  much  to  be  done  if  we  would 
expect,  at  the  coming  Contest,  with  Philo-Franklin  in  September,  to 
receive  either  honor  or  applause,  as  the  enemy  (if  I  may  be  allowed 
the  expression)  with  which  we  have  to  contend,  is  probably  more  for- 
midable than  we  are  aware  of.  Let  us  therefore  take  fresh  courage, 
march  boldly  up  the  hill  of  Science,  and  as  it  were  take  by  storm  the 
goodly  land  of  literature." 

From  the  report  of  Jonathan  Hamnett,  Freshman,  August 
21,  1835: 

"It  will  be  gratifying  to  the  members  of  the  Society,  on  the  presen- 
tation of  this  report,  to  learn  the  increase  of  our  Treasury,  and  the 
principal  cause  leading  thereto.  Our  Treasury  has  been  replenished 
considerably  by  the  initiation  fees  of  gentlemen,  whose  names  will  add 
honor  to  our  institution.  Yet  it  is  to  be  regretted  that  there  are  still 
considerable  moneys  raised  in  a  manner,  [does  he  mean  by  fines?]  not 
at  all  desired  by  the  Society;  but  which,  we  are  proud  to  say,  in  our 
opinion /is  caused  more  by  accident  than  design.  The  time  has  arrived 
when  we  may  safely  make  an  appropriation  to  our  Library." 

From  the  report  of  William  Reynolds,  February  10,  1837: 

"The  balance  in  the  treasury  is  S21.75.  The  number  of  regular 
members  is  forty-one.  The  Society  is  at  present  in  a  very  flourishing 
condition,  more  so  perhaps  than  at  any  former  period.  The  members 
seem  to  take  a  great  interest  in  her  welfare,  and  devote  much  attention 

[    263    ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY   COLLEGE 

to  the  preparation  of  their  performances,  which  is  an  infallible  test  of 
the  prosperity  of  the  Society.  Every  member  seems  desirous  for  her 
to  excel  the  other  Society  in  every  laudable  undertaking  of  a  literary 
cast,  as  well  as  in  external  appearances.  Thus  far  she  has  succeeded, 
and  without  doubt  will  succeed  in  the  coming  contest,  and  obtain  for 
her  reward  the  unfading  laurel.  She  will  soon  enter  her  new  Hall,  and 
will  be  superior  to  the  other  Society  in  situation  as  well  as  literary 
attainments." 

THE   SECRETARY. 

The  secretary's  literary  style,  as  it  appears  in  the  luinutes 
of  meetings,  was  less  indiviiUial  than  that  of  the  vice-president, 
being  cast  in  the  parliamentary  mold;  but  the  books  he  has 
left  are  monnments  of  student  devotion.  Those  minute-books 
of  the  two  societies,  now  in  the  possession  of  the  college,  num- 
ber a  dozen  great,  leather-bound  volumes,  whose  massive  pro- 
portions have  lent  dignity  to  hundreds  upon  hundreds  of  those 
student  gatherings.  Their  yellowed  pages  unconsciously  record 
the  courage  and  the  faith,  the  persistence  and  the  devotion, 
the  petty  vexations  and  the  high  achievements,  of  generations 
of  yoT]ng  men,  each  of  wliom  contributed  his  little  share  and 
then  went  on  his  way.  Ent  though  that  share  was  little,  it 
was  his  best  that  lie  gave.  The  secretary,  therefore,  employed 
his  most  elegant  vocabulary,  and  liis  choicest  manner,  and  his 
finest  penmansliip;  and  the  result  is  to  the  enduring  praise  of 
tliat  official. 

And  yet.  life  was  not  wholly  serious.  Many  and  many  a 
secretary  closed  his  office  with  a  Latin  sigh  or  a  French  fare- 
well;  there  are  amendments,  sym])atli('tic  or  scornful,  in  other 
hamls  and  fresher  iid<:  there  is  (ncn  a  faded  flower  or  two, 
pressed  long  years  ago.  II.  W.  Bancroft,  secretary  in  IS-IO, 
addressed  thns  the  massive  volume  he  has  handled  for  six 
weeks : 

O  immane.  Lilx'r.  pondus. 

Te  relin(iuo  noii  invitns ; 

Tamen  verc  cum  labore 

VA  delector  cum  honore. 

In  addition  1o  the  majoi-  <»nic('i-s.  there  was  a  nnnd)er  of 
lesser  fuii(li<»naries :  ;i  roomkeepei".  genei-ally  chosen  fi-om  vol- 

f    LMU    ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY   COLLEGE 

unteers,  who  received  for  his  services  a  renuiiieratioii  of  five 
<loUars  per  session,  hut  was  discontent;  a  hell-ringer,  who  after 
the  first  year  served  hoth  societies  and  was  ]>aid  hy  them 
jointly;  and  two  reviewers,  who  in  the  Allegheny  Society 
serve<l  alternately  as  lihrarians.  These  reviewers,  like  the 
major  officers,  were  elected  for  a  term  of  six  weeks.  Their 
duties  were  intensely  practical:  *'To  review  all  compositions 
read  in  society;  to  make  all  necessary  corrections  in  ortho- 
graphy, style,  and  sentiment;  and  to  make  such  i)uhlick  re- 
marks on  them  as  may  he  considered  useful,  at  the  next  regular 
meeting  after  the  one  at  which  they  were  read."  But  these 
compositions  were  the  smallest  part  of  the  weekly  perform- 
ances. There  were  declamations,  original  orations,  and  the 
dehates,  which  latter  grew  to  be  the  main  and  characteristic 
feature  of  the  societies. 

KK<;iLAR    I'KRFOiniANCES. 

The  members  were  at  first  alphabetically  arranged  in  equal 
divisions,  two  in  the  Allegheny  Society,  three  in  the  IMiilo- 
Franklin.  These  divisions  alternated  in  presenting  the  even- 
ing performances;  and  the  ''classes"  into  which  each  division 
was  subdivided  performed  by  turns  tlie  sections  of  the  regulai- 
program.  Thus  every  student  ap])eared  on  the  rostrum  every 
two  or  tliree  weeks,  and  in  six  weeks  had  ])articipated  in  every 
sort  of  society  performance,  with  the  possible  exception  of 
oratory.  There  was  strong  inter-class  competition,  which  nat- 
urally had  a  wholesome  influence  on  the  (luality  of  the  work 
produced,  and  wliicli  seems  never  to  have  been  accompanied  by 
tliose  unfortunate  bickerings  attendant  ui)on  the  inter-society 
rivalries. 

It  will  be  interesting  to  look  in  n]>on  the  ])erformance  of  an 
entire  evening.  It  was  the  eleventh  of  August,  1837,  and  the 
AUeghenians  had  assend)le(l  for  their  one  hundred  and  fortieth 
regular  meeting.  The  conscientious  secretary  sat  gravely  tak- 
ing notes : 

'"Society  convened.  Absent  at  first  ciliing  of  the  roll,  none.  Ab- 
sent, wiioie  meeting;,  Jacicson,  Leech,  Shippen,  Swartz,  Avery,  Barris, 
Galbraith,  Bierer. 

[  205  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

"Absentees  of  last  meeting  present  then  were  excused.  Perform- 
ance of  the  first  division.  Second  class  declaimed,  except  Bryson,  Bur- 
ton, Chadwick.  Canfield,  best  performer.  Third  class  read  composi' 
tion,  except  Eldred,  Galbraith,  Gillespie.     Gist,  best  performer. 

"Third  class  debated  the  question  left  on  the  minutes,  and  dis- 
charged their  duties,  except  Bierer,  who  was  absent,  and  Boreman,  who 
was  fined  12 J/2  cts.  for  non-performance.  Bryson  volunteered  on  the 
negative.  The  question  was  decided  in  the  negative,  both  in  regard  to 
argument  and  merit.     Bassell,  best  performer. 

"The  report  of  the  committee  appointed  to  collect  monies  for  the 
payment  of  portraits  [of  Dr.  Alden  and  Dr.  Ruter,  painted  for  the  ex- 
press use  of  the  Society]  was  then  read,  which  stated  that  the  amount 
received  was  forty-two  dollars  and  thirty-seven  and  a  half  cents.  They 
also  suggested  the  following  resolution  which  was  adopted:  That  the 
sum  of  two  dollars  and  sixty-two  and  a  half  cents  be  appropriated  from 
funds  in  the  hands  of  the  treasurer,  to  complete  the  amount  due  Dela- 
main,  of  Philadelphia,  for  portraits. 

"A  communication  was  received  from  the  Philo-Franklin  Society, 
being  a  resolution  passed  by  that  body,  condemning  in  no  very  courte- 
ous terms  certain  language  in  a  communication  sent  to  them  from  our 
Society.     It  was  laid  aside,  being  considered  unworthy  of  action. 

"A  letter  was  received,  purporting  to  be  from  Mr.  B.  Davenport  to 
Mr.  Uncles,  requesting  him  to  procure  the  erection  of  a  set  of  tomb- 
stones over  the  grave  of  Mr.  Archibald  McElroy,  and  stating  he  would 
be  responsible  for  the  expenses;  accompanied  by  a  note  from  Mr. 
Uncles  offering  our  Society  the  privilege  of  complying  with  the  request 
in  their  collective  capacity.  Whereupon,  tt  was  resolved,  that  a  com- 
mittee of  three,  consisting  of  Bryson,  Pierpoint,  and  Burton,  be  ap- 
pointed to  attend  to  the  matter  and  comply  with  said  request. 

"Fines.  MacAlmot  was  fined  6Vi  cts.  for  being  out  of  the  room 
over  ten  minutes.      Boreman  was  fined   12^    cts.  for  non-performance. 

"Next  performance  of  the  first  division:  first  class  shall  declaim, 
second  class  read  composition,  third  debate  the  following  question: 
^Does  an  extensive  cultivation  of  the  arts  and  sciences  tend  to  render 
government  permanent?'  Affirm,  Eldred,  Glonnagher;  deny.  Gist,  Gal- 
braith. 

"Orators  four  weeks  hence:     Burton,  Lewis  and  Jabez,  and  Bryson. 

"F.  B.  Eldred,  Secretary, 
"F.  H.  Pierpoint,  President. 
"F.   J.   Chadwick,    Vice-President." 
"Bryson  and  Burton,  Reviewers." 

.\   I'HILO-FUANKLIX    MKKTIN(;. 

"Allegheny  College,   Febry.   12th,    1841. 
"265th  Regular  Meeting. 
"Society  convened — 
"Absent    at    the    first    calling    of    the    roll,    Clapp,    Covert,    Donally, 

[  2«r>  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

Davis,  Finney,  Hiniebaugh,  Kingsiey,  Miller,  and  Robins.  Whole  meet- 
ing, Clapp,  .Covert,  Donally,  Himebaugh,  Miller,  Robins.  At  the  last 
calling  of  the  roll,  Finney  and  Rice  One  of  the  debaters  being  absent 
on  the  affirmative,  Mr.  Allen  was  appointed  in  his  place.  The  members 
present  performed  their  respective  exercises,  except  Mr.  Finney,  who 
was  excused^  The  question  discussed  was  decided  in  the  negative  as 
regards  the  merits  of  the  arguments,  but  in  the  affirmative  as  regards 
the  question. 

"The  following  resolution  having  been  before  the  Society  the  con- 
stitutional time,  was  adopted,  viz..  Resolved,  That  the  third  article  in 
the  fifth  section  of  the  constitution  be  amended  to  read  thus:  The  Vice- 
President  shall  keep  a  correct  account  of  all  monies  received  and  dis- 
bursed by  him,  which  he  shall  transmit,  together  with  the  surplus 
funds,  and  an  account  of  all  dues  to  the  Society,  to  his  successor  in 
office.      Signed,  Woodruff,   Hawkins,   and  Kingsiey. 

"The  election  came  on  this  evening,  and  resulted  in  the  choice  of 
the  following  members:  president,  Baird;  vice-pres..  Mack;  secretary, 
Elder;  reviewers,  Kingsiey  and  Brown;  public  debaters.  Rice  and  Miller; 
orators,  Cooke  and  Scudder;  composers,  Harris  and  Green;  declaimers, 
Shippen  and  Arter. 

"On  motion  of  Mr.  Finney,  Messrs.  McGill,  Cooke,  and  Shippen 
were  appointed  a  committee  to  distribute  the  order  of  exercises  on 
the  evening  of  the  spring  performance.  On  motion  of  Mr.  Hawkins, 
the  committee  to  procure  badges  was  authorized  to  draw  money  from 
the  Treasurer  to  defray  the  expense.  On  motion  of  Mr.  Hawkins,  Mr. 
John  Crouch  was  elected  honorary  member  of  this  Society.  On  motion 
of  Mr.  Rice,  Mr.  R.  P.  Marvin  was  elected  as  our  next  anniversary 
orator  [in  September].  On  motion  of  Mr.  Kingsiey,  a  committee  was 
appointed  to  inform  Mr.  Marvin  of  his  election  as  anniversary  orator, 
whereupon  Messrs.  Rice  and  Kingsiey  were  appointed. 

"Mr.  Avery  was  fined  6K  cts.  for  disorderly  conduct.  Mr.  Finney 
was  fined  6%   cts.  for  crossing  the  floor  during  the  performance. 

"On  motion  of  Mr.  Beals,  His  Royal  Highness  Prince  Albert  was 
elected  an  honorary  member  of  this  Society.  On  motion  of  Youngs,  a 
committee  of  three  was  appointed  to  inform  him  of  his  election.  Where- 
upon Messrs.  Beals,  Finney,  and  Kingsiey  were  appointed.  On  motion 
of  Mr.  Finney,  the  books  which  were  presented  to  the  society  by  Mr. 
Green  were  received,  and  a  vote  of  thanks  tendered  to  him  for  his 
benevolence.  On  motion  of  Mr.  Finney,  it  was  voted  that  the  Saegers 
Town  Band  be  procured  to  play  at  the  spring  performance.  On  mo- 
tion of  Mr.  Brown,  a  committee  of  three  was  appointed  to  get  the 
reviews,  and  also  Webster's  Speeches,  bound.  Whereupon  Allen,  Baird, 
and  McGill  were  appointed. 

"Performances  3  weeks  hence:  1st  class,  declaim — Finney,  Haw- 
kins,   Harris,    and    Harmon.       3rd    class,    composition — Martin,    Morris. 

[  207  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

Green,  and  Kerr.  2nd  class,  debate — Affirmative,  Mack  and  Miller; 
Deny,  Kingsley  and  Miller.  Question — Has  Congress  power  to  abolish 
slavery  in  the  District  of  Columbia? 


"Orators — Goe  and  Himebaugh. 
"Society  adjourned. 


"C.    W.   Bailey,    President, 
"C.   J.   Miller,   Secretary. 


"N.  B.  Youngs,  Sec.  pro  tem." 

DEBATES. 

Without  doubt,  the  favorite  forensic  exercise  of  tlie  societies 
was  debate.  It  is  impossible  to  estimate  to  what  degree  the 
bar,  the  pulpit,  the  press  and  every  public  calling  of  the  pasr 
century  have  been  indebted  to  these  intellectual  combats  into 
which  the  young  men  so  devotedly  threw  themselves.  The  sub- 
ject of  the  debate  mattered  little;  the  rierjtoint.  Hattelle, 
Kingsley  and  Shipp'Mi  of  these  early  days,  spared  his  logic  and 
his  learning  neither  in  proving  that  '"poverty  was  favorable  to 
genius,"  nor  in  demonstrating  that  '"a  congress  of  nations 
would  obviate  the  necessity  of  war."  Many  of  the  (jnestions 
throw  light  on  tlie  jiolitical  history  of  the  times.  A  few  of 
the  many  weie: 

Ought  the  free  negroes  of  the  United  States  to  have  ecpial 
political  privileges  with  the  whites?     (February  21,  ISoi. ) 

Would  it  be  advantageous  to  the  United  States,  to  have  the 
Atlantic  and  Pacific  Oceans  connected  by  a  canal  for  vesstds  of 
every  burthen,  acro>:s  the  Isthmus  of  Darien?     (February  lo, 

is:r>.  I 

Are  railroads  more  beneficial  to  a  communily  than  canals? 

Is  slavery  a  greater  evil  fhan  intemperance? 

Would  it  be  advantageous  to  the  New  York  Indians  to  emi- 
grate west  of  tlie  Mississi]»pi  Ifiver? 

Would  it  be  polii-y  for  the  United  Stales  to  assist  the  Mexi- 
cans in  obtaining  their  li-eedoin?     (Xo\einl»ei-  27.  1S.'I.").| 

W(jul(l   JIk'  Texans  be  justilied   in  e.xecniing  Santa  Anna? 

(August  .">.  is:u>. I 

Would  it  be  jxdicy  for  i'ennsylvania  to  conslnut  a  canal 
fi-oni   i'ittsburgli  to  I]i-ie? 

[  2(;s  ] 


HISTOKV  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

Would  a  (lissoliitiou  of  tlie  Northern  from  the  Southern 
States  be  beneficial  to  both  parties? 

Would  the  United  States,  under  existing  circumstances,  be 
justified  in  declaring  war  against  Mexico?     (.Tune  30,  1837.) 

Would  it  be  expedient  for  the  United  States  to  receive 
Texas  and  (^anada  into  the  Union?     (June  10,  1836.) 

Should  the  capital  of  the  United  States  be  removed  to  the 
valley  of  the  Mississippi? 

Does  the  i)resent  aspect  of  our  country  portend  the  disso- 
lution of  our  government?     (March,  1837.) 

Should  the  United  States  government  permit  the  use  of 
bloodhounds  in  the  Florida  war?     (1840.) 

Should  Cuba  be  annexed  to  the  United  States?     ( 18.")3. ) 

Other  aspects  of  contemporaneous  thought  are  also  reflected 
in  the  questions  for  debate.  Again  and  again  it  was  affirmed 
that  "in  a  collegiate  course,  a  further  prosecution  of  l^nglish 
studies  would  be  an  advantageous  substitute  for  Grecian  and 
Koman  classics."  It  is  a  whimsical  perversity,  that  this  ques- 
tion, and  many  another,  was  often  decided  in  the  negative. 
Disciples  of  Locke  opposed  with  vigor  the  proposition  that 
*'man  is  possessed  of  innate  ideas";  sturdy  young  conservatives 
contended  that  ''labour-saving  machines  are  productive  of  more 
evil  than  good";  and  the  i)opular  interest  in  phrenology  at  that 
time  may  be  guessed  from  the  frequent  occurrence  of  the  ques- 
tion :  "Should  phrenology  be  ranked  among  the  useful  sci- 
ences?" to  which  was  sometimes  added,  "and  does  it  sustain 
the  ])rinciples  of  Christianity?" 

On  the  other  hand,  there  were  (piestions  which  are  the  con- 
ventional commonplace  as,  AVere  the  Athenian  judges  justifia- 
ble in  condemning  Socrates? 

Was  Socrates  justifie<l  in  remaining  in  prison  when  his 
friends  provided  means  of  escape? 

Is  the  civilized  state  more  happy  than  the  savage? 

Is  Nature  more  admired  by  mankind  than  Art? 

Is  the  society  of  intelligent  ladies  beneficial  to  students? 

Is  it  proper  for  a  student,  whilst  pursuing  his  college 
course,  to  nmke  matrimonial  engagements? 

[  209  ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

Is  a  Democratic  form  of  government  more  productive  of 
popular  tumults  than  a  Monarchial? 

Is  a  man  excusable  for  telling  a  falsehood  on  any  occasion? 

It  will  be  seen  that  not  a  few  of  the  questions  had  a  for- 
ward look,  and  have  been  decided  in  the  affirmative  by  Judge 
History  himself,  though  it  took  him  forty  years  to  answer  the 
question :  **Would  it  be  good  policy  to  connect  a  female  de- 
partment with  Allegheny  College?"  and  in  some  cases  he  has 
not  even  yet  made  a  decision, — "Should  a  system  of  manual 
labour  be  connected  with  a  course  of  education?" — "Would  a 
congress  of  nations  obviate  the  necessity  of  war?" — "Should 
property  be  equally  divided  in  this  country?" 

FIXES  AND  CITATIONS. 

Each  society  punished  its  members  on  a  variety  of  counts. 
The  Philos  made  suspension  the  penalty  for  neglect  of  college 
duties,  as  well  as  for  intra-society  misdemeanors;  and  the  offi- 
cers were  liable  to  impeachment.  Fines  also  were  imposed,  but 
never  to  the  same  extent  as  in  the  Allegheny  society,  whose 
minute  supervision  of  conduct  may  be  guessed  from  the  fines 
recorded  during  the  earlier  years.  Fines  were  a  prolific  source 
of  revenue;  when  not  promptly  paid,  they  were  doubled;  they 
were  surer  than  a  quorum ;  only  once  did  the  chronicler  report, 
"No  Fines",  and  in  doing  it,  used  large  capitals. 

Did  a  member  mark  on  the  blackboard,  or  loll  in  his  chair, 
or  lean  his  head  against  the  wall,  he  was  fined  one  fip  (six  and 
a  quarter  cents).  He  was  fined  twenty-five  cents  if  he  came 
late,  or  left  without  permission,  or  stayed  away  altogether. 
He  was  fined  for  wearing  boots  in  the  Hall — there  were  no 
sidewalks,  an<l  the  carpet  was  new;  he  was  fined  for  carrying  a 
cane;  he  was  fined  for  whispering  during  prayer.  There  wen; 
fines  for  disrespect  to  officers,  for  crossing  tlie  room  during 
performance,  for  referring  to  manuscript,  for  employing  a 
prompter,  for  ]>erforniing  out  of  time,  for  quoting  Scripture  in 
debate.  If  one  n<'glected  to  sign  his  ballot  or  his  composition, 
he  was  fined.     If  he  kept  a  library  bo(>k  overtime,  again,  a  fine. 

Breach  of  Koberts'  Ixiifrs  of  Ordrr  incurred  a  fine.  Indeed, 
so  rigid  was  this  ]>ai-liamentai'y  discipline,  that  one  luckless 

[   2T0   ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

youth,  l*ickett  by  name,  having  moved  the  rejjeal  of  his  own 
fine,  incurred  another  for  neglecting  to  i)rovide  the  secretary 
with  a  written  copy  of  the  motion.  It  is  significant,  however, 
that  in  twenty  j'ears  there  were  needed  but  two  fines  for  using 
tobacco,  and  one  for  profane  language.  Yet  even  fines  some- 
times failed.  The  Alleghenians  then  had  recourse  to  a  set 
trial,  the  vice-president  issuing  a  citation,  or  summons;  if  the 
culprit  failed  to  appear,  or  lost  his  case,  he  was  indefinitely 
suspended. 

One  member  was  cited  to  trial  for  speaking  contemptuously 
of  fines,  and  of  boasting  that  he  would  not  pay  them ;  another, 
for  "destroying  some  articles  of  apparel"  belonging  to  a  brother 
member;  another,  for  being  out  of  town  when  expected  to  de- 
liver an  oration ;  and  another,  for  "creating  a  nuisance"  over 
the  hall  of  the  sister  society.  Of  course,  a  member  could  anti- 
cipate citation  by  writing  a  note  of  explanation,  or  by  request- 
ing an  excuse  for  absence. 

BEFORE  THE  MEADVILLE  PUBLIC. 

Now  all  censures,  trials,  and  the  like,  were  kept  secret ;  and 
spectators  were  rarely  admitted  to  the  regular  meetings.  But 
once  or  twice  a  year  were  held  sessions  open  to  the  public,  ses 
sions  to  which  the  ladies  also  were  invited.  The  first  of  these 
])ublic  performances  was  given  by  the  Allegheny  society  on 
Thursday,  March  26,  1834,  in  the  court  house,  whither  the 
students  marched  in  solemn  procession.  There  was  no  orator, 
but  the  constitution  provided  for  two  debaters,  one  composer, 
and  one  declaimer,  all  to  be  elected  from  the  society  at  large, 
and,  upon  election,  to  be  exempt  from  further  duties  for  the 
session.  As  an  additional  assurance  of  excellent  work,  the 
public  performers  Avere  required  to  rehearse  "at  least  twice  in 
society,  before  performing  in  publick."  The  Alleghenians 
never  gave,  under  the  constitution,  a  similar  exhibition,  for  in 
another  year,  their  solitary  performance  had  given  place  to  the 
famous  Spring  Contests  with  the  Philos,  of  which  the  last  was 
conducted  in  1905.  Here  were  music,  and  gay  colors,  and 
feasting  and  ceremony  and  society  spirit,  to  their  hearts'  con- 
tent.    The  "Select  Performances",  which  each  society  held  on 

[  271   ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

the  Hill,  every  six  weeks  throughout  the  Suuinier  Session, 
uever  gave  half  the  satisfaction,  though  the  exercises  were  as 
good,  and  tliough  the  "ladies  of  the  village"  were  sometimes 
l)resent. 

The  close  of  the  Summer  Session  witnessed  the  valedictory 
addresses,  delivered  at  the  last  meeting  of  each  society,  by  one 
of  its  graduating  students — McMichael   in   IS.T);   (iist   1st  in 


President  Clark. — Painted  for  the  Societies. 

LS:{G;  McMasters  (P.  F.  i  and  William  Reynolds  (A.  L.  S.)  in 
ISai;  Gist  L'nd  in  1S:{S;  Hjissel  in  1S40;  Oavis  in  1S41.  At 
this  time  came  the  Annixcrsary  Oration,  or  commencement 
addi'css,  which  was  made  by  a  speaUen  chosen  alternately  from 
the  honorai-y  members  of  tlie  two  societies.  Allegheny  chose 
the  anniversary  orator  for  Scjitembei"  iMi,  IS^U — .Mr.  X.  K. 
Smith,  editor  of  the  N'lsrroi!,  of  IMttsburgh.  .ludge  Shaler,  of 
J'iKsburgh.  spoke  in    is:u;  and   1S.">7.     Then   followed   tlie  Rev. 

r    ')7'>    1 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEdHEXY  COLLEGE 

Nathaniel  West,  of  Meadville,  Jiidjjfe  Baldwin,  the  Itev.  K.  P. 
Marvin,  the  Rev.  J.  Boyle,  of  Pittsburgh,  an<l  others. 

These  anniversary  exercises,  like  nnnierons  otlier  perform- 
ances, were  held  in  the  Court  House,  the  Presbyterian  and  the 
]\Iethodist  Churches,  the  Stone  Church,  the  college  chapel,  or 
whatever  other  hall  w^as  available;  and  for  years,  the  students 
brought  to  the  hall  carpets,  chandeliers,  settees,  and  even  pic 
tures,  from  tlieir  society  halls. 

THE    LIIJRARIES. 

Each  society  usually  secured  a  copy  of  its  orator's  address, 
for  printing  and  distribution — and,  of  course,  for  enriching 
its  library.  These  libraries  were  almost  as  old  as  the  societies 
themselves. 

The  Allegheny  minute  book  notes  under  date  of  February, 
1835,  that  ''Mr.  ]3avis  [a  reviewer]  delivered  to  society  all  so- 
ciety books  in  his  possession,  viz:  The  works  of  Josephus,  2 
vol. ;  Washington's  Letters,  2  vol. ;  and  Ferguson's  Astronomy." 
A  little  later  comes  the  mention  of  ''Truth  Displayed."  "Beli- 
sarius."  and  "Tales  of  a  Grandfather,"  gifts  all.  By  May,  1835, 
it  had  become  necessary  to  ''draft  a  code  of  laws  governing 
our  library."  This  code  provided  that  the  books  be  completely 
catalogued,  and  that  each  volume  contain  the  book-plate: 

Proprietas  Allegheniensis  Societatis  Literaria?. 
Inter  Sijlvas  Acadoni  quaercre  vcruiii. 

Books  might  be  drawn  out  by  members,  only  during  the 
hour  preceding  regular  meetings,  one  at  a  time,  and  for  a 
limited  period.  Resident  students,  and  some  of  the  ladies  of 
the  community,  were  granted  library  privileges  during  vaca- 
tion. The  reviewers,  who  acted  alternately  as  librarians,  and 
got  the  periodicals  and  other  society  mail,  had  complete  con- 
trol and  responsibility.  The  libraries  increased  rapidly,  not 
only  through  donations, — though  the  Philoes  were  greatly  in- 
debted to  H.  J.  Iluidekoper,  the  Rev.  H.  J.  Clark,  and  Prof. 
John  Barker, — but  also  through  student  contributions  and 
library  funds. 

Every  Alleghenian,  aftei'  1837,  brought  his  society  OTie  new 

[   ^^   ] 


HIJ^TOKY   OF  ALLEGHENY   COLLEGE 

book  each  semester,  while  the  I'hiloes  levied  an  annual  library 
tax  of  fifty  cents.  K.  C.  Meade,  who  died  while  an  undergradu- 
ate, in  1S58.  left  his  society  all  his  religious  books.  Perhaps 
the  greatest  source  was  the  library  fund,  which  depended 
largely  upon  student  and  town  subscriptions.  The  Allegheny 
students  themselves  pledged  >?275  in  1S.")5 ;  they  had  about  1)0 
volumes  in  1836;  563  in  1842;  and  072  in  1886.  The  number 
probably  never  exceeded  this :  many  books  were  lost,  and  not  a 
little  of  the  money  raised  was  used  for  binding  periodicals, — in 
numbers  of  which  the  societies  each  jealously  tried  to  excel 
the  other. 

Content  at  first  with  *'The  Saturday  Evening  Visitor" 
[1831],  ''Blackwood's  Magazine'',  and  the  "Knickerbocker", 
the  number  of  jieriodicals  subscribed  for  was  much  increased. 
Philo-Franklin,  in  1847,  got  the  Methodist,  Whig,  and  Demo- 
cratic Reviews.  Allegheny  took  the  same  in  1818,  and  added 
the  American  Review.  Both  societies  had  the  following  re- 
views— for  awhile:  ''London  Quarterly",  "North  British," 
"Edinburgh",  and  "Westminster".  Besides  these,  they  wrote 
to  congressmen  **to  procure  any  important  documents  which 
they  may  think  proper  to  favour  this  society  with".     [1810.] 

The  books  themselves  were  political,  historical,  religious, 
philosophical,  and  pseudo-philosophical ;  and  the  library  in  its 
later  days  contained  a  great  deal  of  contemporaneous  fiction 
and  poetry — in  spite  of  the  warnings  of  the  fathers.  The 
Allegheniaiis.  in  1840,  formally  resolved  that  no  novel  or  ro- 
mance be  received  into  the  libi-ary;  and  says  Hurford.  in  '42: 
''Our  library  contains  a  large  nund)er  of  vohimes  written  under 
a  fictitious  title.  Truly  these  do  not  accord  with  the  views  of 
the  I'liblick  in  reference  to  what  should  compose  our  library, 
or  what  might  be  exi»ected,  taking  into  consideration  our 
standing  as  a  literai-y  society."  Yet  (Joldsniitli  and  Byron 
were  always  being  drawn  out;  liurns  had  to  be  rebound  in 
184."):  and  "ICnocli  ,\i-den"  was  secured  as  soon  as  it  was  pub- 
lishe<l.  But  Dickens  and  Scott  and  liret  ILirte  and  their 
friends,  though  thorouglily  at  home  on  tlie  society  bookshelves, 
were  insignificant  among  the  greatei-  numbers  of  non-frivolous 
worthies — I'lutarcli.  LcM-ke.  .Milton,  Webster.  Tiancroft.  Agassiz. 

(    274    1 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLK(JHEXV  COLLKdE 

The  libraries  bore  witness  likewise  to  the  stii«leiits'  efforts 
in  college  publications.  The  Philoes,  in  December,  183G,  estab- 
lished a  fortnightly  i)erio(lical,  "The  IMiilo-Franklin  Literary 
Eepository";  and  the  Alleghenians,  three  months  later,  started 
a  similar  paper,  '^devoted  to  Morality,  Literature,  and  Science; 
composed  of  at  least  two-thirds  original  matter;  printed  on 
good  paper.''  The  best  contributions  to  Philo-Franklin  had 
public  recognition,  appearing  during  LS37  in  the  columns  of 
the  Crawford  Democrat.  The  Literary  Fnion  of  Meadville, 
in  1852,  offered  to  help  the  societies  jointly  in  the  establish- 
ment of  a  paper,  but  the  attempt  was  not  made. 

THE   SOCIETY   HALLS. 

Having  a  library,  the  societies  naturally  wished  for  a 
suitable  room.  As  early  as  May,  1834,  Allegheny  petitioned 
the  Trustees  for  the  use  of  a  room;  in  .June,  1830.  they  sent  a 
plea  to  the  Faculty ;  and  on  the  twenty-first  of  Septend)er,  the 
two  societies  drew  lots  for  the  rooms  on  the  third  floor  of 
Bentley  Hall.  As  the  result,  Allegheny  obtained  the  west,  and 
Philo-Franklin,  the  east  room  of  the  '"college  edifice."  They 
fell  to  work  at  once  to  furnish  their  rooms.  The  corridor  be- 
tween was  common  property,  to  be  jointly  carpeted  and  lighted. 
In  five  days,  the  senior  society  had  raised  nearly  >f200,  and 
was  soliciting  from  town  friends  besides.  In  the  arranging 
of  the  room,  the  students  consulted  their  maturer  well-wishers. 

The  central  pillar  was  removed  from  the  room;  the  officers' 
stage  was  erected,  at  the  north  end  in  Allegheny  Hall,  at  the 
south  end  in  Philo  Hall,  approached  by  stejts.  and  )>rovided 
with  suitable  seats  and  desks.  The  Alleghenians  provided 
their  platform  with  railings  at  the  sides,  and  with  lamp-pillars 
at  the  ends,  which  pillars,  in  18."')1,  were  discarded  for  marble 
pedestals.  Opposite  this  platform  was  a  lower  one.  for  the 
debating  class.  Tlie  room  was  provided  with  eight  large 
settees,  and  a  number  of  chairs;  with  wood-boxes  at  each  fire- 
place (these  as  late  as  18G4.  though  coal  stoves  Avere  set  up  in 
1838;  gas  was  used  after  the  'TO'si  and  curtains  at  the  win- 
dows. The  library  at  first  occupied  the  space  between  one 
fireplace  and  tlio  nortli  wall ;  e\(Mitually  its  shelves  covered  the 

[  ^Tn   ] 


HISTOKV  OF  ALLEGHENY  TOLLEGE 

long  outer  wall ;  and  the  pamphlets  and  periodicals  had  a  table 
of  their  own. 

From  the  center  of  the  ceiling  hung  a  splendid  chandelier, 
operated  by  pulleys.  Only  the  room-keeper  might  touch  this, 
for  it  was  expensive.  Let  perchance  one  society  have  a  finer 
chandelier  than  the  other,  at  once,  the  resolution  by  the  out- 
shone society  to  get  a  costlier  one  from  Pliiladel]»hia.  with 
eight  globes — the  rival's  had  only  six.  The  outgrown  stoves, 
bo(jk-cases.  rugs,  and  the  like,  were  either  sold,  or  donated  to 
Sunday  Schools  in  the  neisi'hborhood. 


IJT^ 

^^^^^■^^^^^^^^^^HT^ 

H 

Allegheny  Hall,  1886. 

The  rooms  were  further  jtrovided  with  maps,  encyclopedias, 
]»ictui-es.  and  various  sorts  of  oi-nanients.  Allegheny  had,  for 
llie  adornment  of  its  walls,  ]>ictui-es  ])ainted  of  l*resi<1ents 
TMai'k  and  Barkei*.  and  of  Professor  ILimnett;  and  they 
received  fi-om  Mr.  Ilamillon,  of  Mea<lville,  a  portrait  of 
Timotiiy  Aldeii  [1S40].  The  IMiiloes  jtosse.ssed  portraits  of  Dr. 
liuter  and  IM-ofessor  Kiiigsley,  an  alumnus.  There  wei-e  also 
pliotograph  albums  to  contain  the  daguerrotypes  of  the  gradu- 
ating mcinlx'i's.  who  in  turn  boi-e  forexer  in  their  fondest  mem- 
ories llic  dear  old  halls. 


HISTOIJV   OF   ALLKdllKNY   COLLKCE 

Tlieiv  was  one  iiioi-c  iinitortaiil  tliin<;  about  Ihc  room, — the 
caiix't.  It  was  the  most  cx'K'iisive,  and  the  most  dilTiciilt  to 
jijet,  since,  befoi-e  the  (hiy  of  the  railroad,  it  had  to  be  Iroiight 
painfully  from  lMttsbur{i,ii  or  IMiiladelphia.  The  I'hiloes  paid 
>);125  for  tlieir  second  one,  while  the  Allegheny,  in  lSo7,  paid 
nearly  $2{H)  for  theirs.  It  was  Bruss(ds,  they  say,  and  came  up 
from  Pittsburgh  by  canal-boat,  while  the  rest  of  its  journey, 
u])  the  long  hill,  was  nuide  by  sle<l,  drawn  by  AVilliam  Key- 
nolds,  'oT,  and  Jonathan  Ilamnett,  'of),  who  for  three  score 
years  and  ten  loved  to  recall  how  that  heavy  carpet  would 
slij)  oti"  on  the  snow. 

As  a  protection  to  their  carpets,  the  societies  in  1837  for- 
bade the  use  of  tobacco  and  tlie  wearing  of  heeled  shoes  in  the 
hall;  nor  might  anyone  but  the  roomkeeper  enter  between 
meetings.  For  forty  years,  every  student  had  to  remember  his 
pumps  or  slii>pers  on  Saturday  morning  or  Friday  evening  or 
whenever  society  met.  They  well  appreciated  the  need  of 
carefulness,  for  they  were  their  own  housemaids.  They  washed 
windows  and  hung  curtains;  they  painted  the  chairs  and 
blacked  the  stoves;  they  moved  the  stoves  out  in  May  and  set 
them  up  in  October.  When  they  gave  a  public  performance 
down-town,  they  cleaned  chandelier  and  cari)et  and  carried 
them  to  the  hall  in  (piestion.  And  when  they  would  mourn 
for  a  brother  with  whom  they  had  worked,  they  hung  all  the 
hall  in  black.  It  was  often  black  in  the  Sixties.  Yet  they 
remembered,  too,  how  one  of  those  brothers,  L.  A.  Trace,  Philo, 
s]»eaking  the  thought  of  all,  had  said:  "\  am  going  to  fight 
for  my  country:  T  shall  never  disgrace  you." 

r.ADGKS. 

Even  the  society  badge,  in  those  days,  was  covered  with  a 
bit  of  crepe — the  IMiiloes'  star  of  blue  ribbon,  with  it  [later 
removed]  snmller  star  of  white,  and  rosette  of  blue,  pink,  and 
white,  and  the  blue  ribbon  and  blue-and-white  rose  of  the  AUe- 
ghenians,  which  they  wore  "on  all  ]»ublick  occasions",  upon  the 
left  side.  These  "pid>lick  occasions"  included  commencement 
exercises  and  the  attendant  valedictories,  select  i)erformances 
of  society.  ])rize  contests  and  inter-society  contests,  dramatic 

[   -'TT  ] 


Hli^TOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

performances,  aud  attendance  upon  lectures  arranged  for  by 
the  societies.  Tiuis.  the  Allegheny  brought  Horace  Greeley  to 
Meadville  in  February.  ISGL  and  John  G.  Saxe  in  March:  and 
Governor  Curtin  visited  them  in  LS(K>. 

Prize  contests  came  into  vogue  in  the  societies,  jusr  before 
the  war.  The  <lonors  were  largely  the  students  themselves. 
"With  the  passing  years,  the  gifts  were  not  always  maintained. 
8ome  foundations  were  quite  temporary,  but  other  furnished 
the  famed  and  much  sought  laurels  for  decades. 

ALLEGHENY   PRIZES. 

Hazeltine  I'rize.  founded  June,  ISo.j,  by  Gilbert  W.  Hazel- 
tine,  M.  1)..  an  alumnus,  for  the  best  essay.  Silver  medal, 
awarded  J.  W.  Pickett,  IS^.j ;  silver  goblet  awarded  F.  A. 
Jones,  1850. 

Jones  I'rize  [changed,  in  May,  -01,  to  Allegheny  Prize], 
founded  June,  1857,  by  F.  A.  Jones,  then  a  senior,  later  Gen. 
Jones,  for  the  best  Freshman  or  preparatory  essay.  Prize,  a 
silver  watch,  bought  with  the  interest  on  eighty  acres  of 
western  land. 

Beth  Gimel  Lamed  Prize,  founded  by  students  and  friends 
^larch,  18G7,  for  original  oration. 

Keystone  I*rize,  foniuled  by  student  mend)ers,  ISdT.  for 
declamation.  Awarded  to  (Jeo.  "\V.  Plummer.  on  "Spartacus 
to  the  Gladiators." 

Plummer  Oration  Prize,  founded  February,  187l».  l\v  Geo. 
W.  Plummer. 

Then  followed  the  Fiske  Declamation  Prize,  the  Anderson 
(declamation  I,  the  Thompson  (essay),  the  Alumni  (essay  i, 
and  the  riiautanquan  (oration).  These  were  of  a  compara- 
tively late  ]jeriod. 

The  following  awards  were  made  through   the  years: 

Hazel'iine — 1S5(»  Nt'lson  Gi-ecne.  1S57  I>.  Innes  Stcrrett. 
1S.~)S  S.  (J.  Nye.  1S5!>  Sidney  G.  IJrock.  18(;(l  J.  Wilson  i'hillips. 
18(;i  Tennis  H.  \'osburgh,  iSCi*  Pcnbcn  G.  Frey,  ISC.:'.  Charles 
!•:.  Hall,  18(;5  Uvuvy  C.  Titus,  isdd  ('yr\is  ('.  (Mark.  ISHT  lieuja- 
iiiin   F.   Hcazcll.   lS(;!»   l-'i-nnk    15.   Stevenson.   1S7(»  James  Ebloii, 


HISTOIfV   OF   ALLH<JI1KXV   COLIJCdl': 

1S71  (;.  W.  Looiiiis,  ISTT  K.  M.  Wood,  1S78  K.  M.  Wood,  1S70 
Artlmr  L.  Bates. 

.loxKs  IMuzK,  ciiaxcm;!)  ro  ALi.KcJUKxy — IS.IS  I^uliu'i-  Har- 
iiioii.  185!)  TlK'odoi-e  Hall,  iSliO  .lames  K.  Mills.  1S<;1  .loiias  11. 
Bnttcrfield,  18(U  Coursaii  X.  Siiiitli,  18(ir)  Bascoui  B.  Smith, 
]8(!(i  N.  Irwiu  Slinj»ei't,  18(>7  (Icorj^c  W.  IMummer,  18r)8  .lames 
]':idoii.  18G0  Charles  F.  Stokey.  1871  Forrest  lliilinjis.  1872 
•i.  F.  :\rurray,  lS7;i  E.  M.  Wood,  1874  T.  .J.  Mosier. 

Kkystoxe  ]*fuze — 18(1.")  Bascom  B.  Smith,  1807  <}eorj2;e  W. 
IMummer,  1808  I).  H.  (Jeissinj-er,  18r.!»  A.  (1.  Kichmoiid,  1870 
.lames  F.  Wilson,  1871  E.  (r.  Ilo^ate,  1872  H.  S.  Bates,  1873 
('.  M.  roberii,  1874  (\  M.  (\)hern,  187.")  Lewis  AValker,  1870 
William  ('.  AVilson,  1877  S.  M.  Decker,  1878  S.  M.  Decker.  1870 
Amos  .1.  Xewell,  1880  .John  D.  Watsoiu  1881  (Miarles  il  Bich- 
moiid,  1882  (ieorf>e  O.  Calder. 

Bktii  (iniEL  Lamed — 18(18  William  Todd,  1800  Georoe  W. 
riiimmer.  1871  .T.  F.  Wilson,  1872  .Tohii  l»oe,  187.5  (\  M.  Cobern, 
187!)  .1.  W.  Kiniiear.  1880  Arthur  D.  ( "olegrove,  1881  -lames  K. 
Cnbbisoii. 

(MiATTAiciTA— 1883  W.  .T.  (Inthrie,  1884  Bobert  <\  Bole, 
1885  AVilliam  (\  .Tason,  1880  H.  E.  Smith,  1887  .1.  B.  Anderson, 
188!)  (\  L.  Miller,  18!)0  .John  A.  Gibson,  18!)2  A.  -T.  Eckies. 

I'lIIEO-FKAXKEIX    PRIZES. 

Woodnitt"  Prize,  founded  .Tune,  1850,  by  Gharles  Wocxlrutf. 
a  Philo-I'^'ranklin  alumnus,  for  the  best  essay  u]>on  a  jiiven  sub- 
ject. Prize,  a  i)iece  of  silver  plate  worth  825,  en<i,rave<l — in 
memory  of  the  diflliculties  recently  surmounted — '■Jhiec  efiam 
</Jim  juvahit  nienihiisse."  Awarded  to  .Tanu's  H.  Messniore, 
June,  1857,  on  ''Herostratus,  Ei)hesus,  B.  G.  35!)". 

Kalanuithean  Prize,  founded  -lune,  1857.  by  friends  of  IMiilo- 
Franklin,  for  the  best  freshman  essay.  I'rize  either  m(>dal  or 
money,  the  interest  on  -flOO. 

Chandiers  Prize,  for  declamation,  founded  February,  1863, 
by  Asa  D.,  Samuel  L.,  and  Thomas  G.  Chambers,  students.  The 
prize  was  a  lexicon,  En<>lisli.  Latin,  or  Greek,  "the  best  pro- 
curable". 

Centeiuiry      [of     American     ^retliodism]      Oration     Prize, 


HI^^TOKY   OF  ALLEGHENY   COLLEGE 

fouiided  February.  1SG7,  by  Messrs.  McCreary,  Pimiey,  Chad- 
wick.  Lee  Kiusley,  and  Coulter.    Prize,  the  interest  on  >;600. 

Later  came  the  Polyhynmian  Prize  ( decLamation ) ,  the 
Alumni  (essay),  and  others. 

Woodruff — 1858  Ambrose  M.  Robbins,  LS.")!)  Adam  C.  Nutt, 
1800  J.  Fletcher  Daton,  1861  Edwin  B.  Cummings,  18()'J  Adam 
C.  Hickman,  18G;>  George  W.  Haskins,  1805  Edward  S.  Meches- 
ney,  1866  John  A.  Simpson.  3807  James  I.  Pinney,  1808  J.  P. 
Coulter.  1870  E.  W.  Tolerton. 

Kalamatiieax — 1858  R.  S.  McEntyre.  1850  George  Norris, 
1800  M.  C.  Horton.  1861  George  AY.  Miller,  1802  Frank  A. 
Arter.  1808  Dana  L.  Hubbard,  1804  C.  V.  Wilson,  1865  John  V. 
Meadows.  1800  James  P.  Coulter,  1807  James  E.  Wright,  1868 
Almon  Roudebush,  1809  Melancthon  C.  Hart,  1870  Jasper  N. 
Hunt.  1871  R.  A.  McKinley.  1872  M.  C.  Bailey.  1874  W.  E. 
McDowell,  1877  J.  D.  Martin,  1878  L.  O.  Mead.  187!>  J.  W. 
Chase,  1880  Josepli  Marlatt,  1881  William  F.  Compton.  1882 
Charles  W.  Deane,  1883  F.  L.  Wells,  1884  C.  P.  Lynch,  1885 
Daniel  W.  Howell,  1880  E.  V.  Couse,  1887  R.  C.  Crowthers, 

1880  Mauley  O.  Brown.  1800  H.  H.  Critchlow,  1801  C.  F.  Bell. 
Chambers— 1803  C.  W.  Wilson.  1805  J.  D.  Hammond.  1866 

Michael  Powers,  1867  George  S.  Ferris,  1868  D.  A.  Hays.  1860 
Thomas  McFarland,  1870  R.  B.  Mansell.  1871  R.  A.  McKinley, 
1872  M.  C.  Bailey,  1872  E.  K.  Creed,  1874  \Y.  O.  Allen,  1875 
•lames  H.  Malcom.  1876  AY.  H.  Swartz.  1877  J.  E.  Adams.  1878 
W.  (;.  AYarner.  1870  M.  L.  Schocdey.  1880  John  H.  Aliller.  1881 
May  lie  R.  Stevenson. 

Ckntexarv — 1868  AA'allace  Martin.  1860  Stejthen  Quiuon, 
1870  A.  H.  Roudebush.  1871  R.  B.  ALinsell.  1872  J.  N.  Hunt. 
1S73  T{.  A.  MclCinley.  1870  H.  D.  Clark.  1S77  O.  B.  Aloss.  1878 
A.  J.  ALixwell.   1870  John  D.  ALirtin.  1880  Joseph  T.  Ewing. 

1881  .John  H.  Aliller.  1882  .T.  A.  A'ance.  188:5  A.  AY.  Newliu.  1885 
C.  P.  Lynch.  1880  Fred  C.  Adams.  1887  CJ.  H.  Patterson.  1880 
Af.  .].  Sweeney.  ISOO  C.  F.  Ross.  1801  Aldeii  O.  Davis.  1802 
IMgar  V.  Harper,  ISO:;  AVilliam  S.  Douds. 

roi.VHVMMAX — 1S82  Charles  AY.  Deane.  18S:5  Homer  S. 
B(.dley.  1SS4  AVilliam  I'.  Alurniy.  1885  AYilliam  P.  Afurray. 
ISSC    Daniel    AV.    Ih.well.    1SS7    A.    C.    Liiidsey.    1880    Af.    J. 

[    280    ] 


HISTOKV  OF  ALLE(J1IENY  COLLEGE 

Sweenoy,  1890  E.  E.  Miller,  ISUl  J.  W.  ('aini»bell,  ISlUi  Robert 
K.  Crawford. 

OTIIKH   I'KIZK   ("ONTKSTS 

Biblical  Society  awards  were  for  Hunter  J*rize:  1859 
James  H.  Messniore,  1800  Henry  AVilson,  18()1  E.  A.  Ludwick, 
18G2  K.  >;ewton  Stubbs,  1803  Carlo  C.  Mecheni,  1864  C.  H. 
Stocking,  18(55  William  H.  Painter,  186G  -John  A.  Wright,  18G7 
John  (i.  Albin,  18(18  AVilliam  H.  Haskell,  18(;i>  Edwin  11.  Jones. 
For  I'ainter  I'rize:  18(>5  C.  H.  Stocking,  18(>(i  Henry  W.  John- 
son, 1807  William  H.  Haskell,  18G8  Edwin  11.  Jones,  18(J9  John 
O.  Speaker. 

Ossoli  Society  awards  were  for  Chesbrongh  Prize:  1877 
Ida  M.  Tarbell,  1878  Josephine  Smiley,  1879  Emma  F. 
Harding,  1880  live  persons  tied,  1881  Ida  J.  Henderson,  1882 
Clementine  Calvin,  188:'>  Hattie  Woods,  1884  Mary  Scott,  1885 
Jessie  Smith,  1S8G  Virginia  Miller. 

Athenian  Society  awards  were  for  Fisk  l*rize:  1879  John 
W.  Moore,  1880  Leroy  I'orter,  1881  Edward  S.  Blair,  1882  E. 
C.  Carroll,  1883  R.  A.  Bnzza,  1884  W.  C.  Lindsey,  1885  A.  L. 
Williams,  1886  F.  A.  Sayers,  1887  W.  W.  Ellsworth,  1888 
William  T.  Noss.  1889  H.  M.  Barrett,  1890  W.  W.  Yonngson, 
1891  K.  T.  Hatch. 

INTKR-SOCIETY    RELATION'S. 

But  more  interesting  than  all  these  to  the  student  body  at 
large  were  the  inter-society  contests,  nominalh'  held  on  the  last 
evening  of  each  winter  session,  the  societies  alternately  send- 
ing the  challenge.  This  contest  belonged  to  the  two  oldest 
societies;  later  organizations,  though  holding  joint  sessions 
very  often  with  the  Philoes  and  the  Alleghenians,  and  con- 
testing in  every  other  intellectual  match,  were  excluded  from 
these  "'Spring  Contests''.  The  first  had  been  held  in  the  old 
courthouse,  March  27,  1835 ;  the  last  was  held  on  June  19,  1905, 
though  many  a  year  saw  no  contest.  There  was  some  misun- 
derstanding in  1841  ;  and  the  next  year  the  debaters  so  quar- 
reled among  themselves,  that  a  public  performance  was  out  of 
the  (juestion. 


Hlt^TOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

After  the  re<)i)eniiiji.  in  1>>4:~),  the  societies  were  disposed 
to  he  very  friendly ;  and,  "owing  to  fewness  of  numbers",  even 
the  valedictory  exercises  were  combined.  But  within  two 
years,  rivalry  had  gone  beyond  the  bor<ler  of  friendliness;  a 
member  of  one  society  inadvertently  otfended  the  other  so- 
ciety; explanations  were  demanded  and  haughtily  refused. 
The  i-efusal  had.  in  lordly  and  scornful  italics,  questioned  the 
right  of  one  sovereign  body  to  censure  another.  Under  such 
a  stress,  there  cotild  be  no  thought  of  S])ring  Contest  that 
year.  Other  quarrels  ensued,  and  it  was  not  until  I'^'yO  that 
conciliatory  advances  were  made. 

The  Articles  of  Convention  between  the  two  societies,  regu- 
lating the  number  of  members,  the  choosing  of  commencement 
orators,  the  arrangement  of  standing  committees,  contests,  and 
so  forth,  ha<l  already  been  declared  void,  in  consequence  of  a 
rupture  hinted  in  a  "friendly  communication"  of  June,  1812: 

"A.  L.  S.  has  doubted  the  accuracy  of  the  membership  roll  sub- 
mitted to  them,  and  Philo-Franklin  is  astonished  to  learn  that  the  day 
has  come  in  which  our  word  is  not  to  be  taken.  We  leave  you  to  sup- 
pose what  you  please.     We  shall  receive  more  members." 

Alas  for  tlie  good  old  days,  eight  years  earlier,  when  the 
Alleghenians  cei-emoniously  challenged  the  Philoes  to  a  formal 
contest  in  select  orations  (1  point  i.  original  comjtositions  (2). 
original  orations  (•■>V4).  Jmd  debate  (^J-j^i,  the  question  being: 
Would  if  he  (idrisahlr  for  flir  Aiiirrican  ('oiu/rrss,  if  r  in  pow- 
ered hi)  the  Coustitiifioii,  to  e.shihlisti  a  ii<itioii<il  coIJei/ef 

The  early  contests  were  held  in  the  church,  which  the 
students  decoratc^l  and  often  even  lighte<l  for  the  i)ur]>ose.  In- 
vitations were  sent  out.  thi'ough  ]>uli)it  and  jtress.  and  the 
building  was  generally  cro\v<led.  The  students  assendded  at 
the  college,  and  marched  downtown  in  dignitied  procession,  to 
see  their  men  win  "siich  glory  as  sliall  long  be  renuMnbered", 
and  thereafter  to  celebrate. 

Tiie  Facnity  remonstrated  often,  on  the  ground,  that  "the 
sjiirit  of  i-i\alry  was  so  highly  excited,  that  strife  and 
animosity  ju-evailed  among  the  students,  and  many  of  the 
oiMliii;n-v   exercises   of    the   college   wei-e    interrupte<l.      If    the 

[    2S2   ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLE(}1IENY  COLLEGE 

ooiitost  be  lield  at  nil,  it  nmst  Ik*  at  an  early  lumi',  iirefera'oly 
in  the  afteniooii.  and  any  rei)ast  partaken  of  by  members  of 
the  societies  mnst  be  ]>ri()i'  to  the  exhibition." 

Bnt  the  ''strife  an<l  animosity"  went  on.  Either  society 
wonhl  cheerfnlly  otfer  the  othei-,  on  occasion  of  some  public 
performance,  the  use  of  its  setlees;  while  the  very  next  com- 
munication, it  might  be.  would,  with  killinj^-  ])oliteness,  point 
out  gramnmtical  flaws  in  the  other's  last  note,  commenting 
ui)on  its  "unique  style  and  unintelligible  ellipses",  and  "recom- 
mending them  hereafter  to  couch  their  communication  in 
language  which  conveys  more  than  merely  inferential  ideas." 

Quite  the  most  serious  situation  in  all  the  history  of  the 
literary  societies  arose  in  1851.  Committees  of  the  two  soci- 
eties jointly  had  chosen  an  anniversary  speaker.  The  Trustees 
of  the  college  objected  to  him,  and  requested  the  societies  to 
recall  the  invitation,  which  the  students  declined  to  do.  The 
Alleghenians  were  thereupon  excluded  from  their  room  for  six 
months;  the  lea<ling  IMiiloes  were  sus])ended,  and  the  rest 
brought  to  terms.  Allegheny  lacked  but  five  votes  of  adjourn- 
ing si)ie  die;  as  it  was,  twenty-three  resigned.  The  rest  invited 
their  friends  to  the  Court  House,  where  they  listened  to  the 
speaker  of  their  choice. 

The  next  year,  the  IMiiloes  invited  their  sister  society  to 
attend  an  anniversary  address  by  that  gentleman  whom  the 
Trustees  had  ]»ro]K)se<I  in  1851.  The  invitation  was  sent  in 
January;  in  March,  Allegheny  politely  thanked  I'hilo-Frankliu. 
saying  it  would  take  six  months  to  consider  the  invitation. 
Each  society  now  felt  herself  the  one  insulted,  and  for  two 
years  the  members  were  barely  on  speaking  terms.  In  Janu- 
ary, 1854,  Allegheny  tried  to  settle  the  difliculty,  but  in  vain. 
About  the  same  time,  the  IMiiloes  wrote  "a  nuMuorial  of  the 
proceedings,  to  warn  all  our  ])osterity.  if  we  have  any,  from 
all  such  matters." 

Not  until  185!t  was  there  so  much  as  an  exchange  of  settees. 
In  1800,  a  challenge  to  contest  was  refused,  though  with  no 
less  courtesy  than  wisdom;  in  18(51,  the  societies  transacted 
common    business.      But    in    18(;5,    fourteen    years    after    the 

[  28n  ] 


Hli^TORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

tiuarrel  bejian.  They  met  in  joint  se!<j*ion,  held  public  ]»erform- 
ances.  and  conducted  the  Spring  Contest.  Fourteen  years  of 
offended  loyalty  I  That  was  the  last  of  the  great  estrange- 
ments. Later  differences  were  more  quickly  adjusted  or  were 
of  milder  asjiect. 

The  brightest  days  for  Allegheny  and  Philo-Franklin 
paralleled  automatically  the  best  periods  in  the  history  of 
the  college,  until  at  the  end  of  the  nineteenth  century  the  com- 
l)lex  elements  of  modern  student  life  had  entered  and  a  com- 
l>lete  reorganization  of  activities  on  the  Hill  had  come  to  pass. 
No  era  shone  with  brighter  lustre  than  that  during  the  admin- 
istration of  Dr.  Bugbee.  Each  society  had  its  ranks  filled. 
One  made  an  annual  record  of  an  average  attendance  of  sixty 
in  a  membership  of  sixty-three.  All  members  fell  into  four 
classes  on  essay,  declamation,  debate  and  oration,  who  per 
formed  three  times  each  term.  The  form  of  organization  and 
the  parliamentary  procedures  of  the  earliest  years  of  the  soci- 
eties were  rigorously  preserved. 

There  was  tlie  same  lively  rivalry  as  of  yore,  the  Alle- 
ghenians  raising  a  fund  of  twelve  hundred  dollars  to  adorn 
their  hall.  In  no  way  at  this  time  did  the  Greek-Letter  fra- 
ternities influence  unfavorably  interest  in  literary  matters. 
The  literary  work  that  a  student  performed  in  his  society  was 
popularly  estimated  as  ecpiivalent  in  time  and  enei-gy  to  that 
rwpiired  for  one  of  the  strongest  courses  in  the  curriculum. 
The  zest  and  devotion  to  the  exercises  of  the  societies  through 
the  decades  far  excelled  any  other  college  experience.  It  is 
not  strange  that  alumni  even  now.  in  tiie  enthusiasm  of  old 
age.  maintain  stoutly,  that  tliey  gained  more  from  Allegheny 
and  l*hil.)-Franklin  in  their  education  than  in  the  class  rocnns 
of  lientley. 

When  Commencement  Day  rolled  around  through  the 
Fifties,  Sixties  and  S(>v<'nties,  and  the  former  nu'mbers  re- 
turned to  .Meadville,  the  fiist  s]>ol  to  be  visited,  sacred  above 
all  others,  was  the  obi  hall  on  the  Hill.  Many  rare  reunions 
then  were  h<*ld.  In  the  era  of  rejiaii'ing  halls,  the  old  docn-  of 
tin*   Allegheny    Literai-y    Society    was   discai'ded.    but    a    loyal 

[    -••^4    ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGllLNV  COLLEGE 

iiuMiiber  rescued  it  from  the  junk  and  had  the  familiar  words 
tliat  it  bore  preserved  in  the  wood  in  the  form  of  a  cross.  That 
emblem  is  held  today  by  him,  in  value,  above  the  possessions 
of  many  lands.  ^'eriIy,  the  societies  of  Allegheny  College 
wrought  an  inestimable  good.  All  appreciation  and  all 
praise  are  utterly  inadequate.  The  secretary  of  old,  feeling 
some  such  sense  of  his  limitation  in  expression,  was  wont  to 
record  merely : 

Hacc  olini  )tieiniiiis.sc  juvahit. 

The  remend)erance  of  this  will  one  day  be  a  pleasure. 

THE    niBLlCAL    LITIOUAKY    SOCIKTV. 

Among  the  nunil)er  of  additional  literary  s(K-ieties,  such  as 
the  Young  Students'  Literary  Society  (flourished  about  1840), 
the  Cosmian  Literary  Society,  and  the  Athenian  Literary 
Society  (1877-1890),  the  most  prominent  was  the  Biblical 
Literary  Society.  This  was  founded  about  185:>,  to  provide 
special  literary  and  oratorical  training  for  young  men  prepar 
ing  to  enter  the  ministry.  Its  constitution  and  general  pro- 
gram were  similar  to  those  of  the  other  societies;  its  room, 
under  Allegheny  Hall,  was  simpl}-  furnished,  but  was  provided 
Avitli  an  ample  and  excellent  theological  library.  The  badge 
A\as  a  white-and-blue  rosette  with  white  ril)bon  attached;  the 
motto  of  the  society  was:  "Fides,  Spes,  et  Charitas." 

At  first  it  was  open  to  all  students.  James  ^L  Thoburn, 
of  the  Allegheny,  was  also  a  member  of  the  Biblical  Society; 
and  it  was  James  II.  Messmore,  a  I'hilo,  who  won  the  Hunter 
I*rize  of  the  Biblical  Literary  Society,  in  1859.  Later,  the 
society  became  an  exclusive  organization.  It  held  occasional 
joint  meetings  with  the  two  older  societies,  and  they  all  hospi- 
tably borrowed  one  another's  settees.  The  Biblical  Society 
was  dissolved  in  1873,  leaving  its  furniture  and  the  library  to 
the  Ossoli  Literary  Society. 

THE    OSSILI    IJTEKAUY    SOCIETY. 

When  young  women  were  admitted  to  the  college,  in  1870. 
they  ai)plied  for  admission  into  the  leading  men's  literary  so- 
cieties.    This  admission  was  courteously,  but  firmly,  refused. 

[   -'•^■»   ] 


HISTOiJY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

The  young  women  therefore  established  a  society  of  their  own, 
naming  it  in  honor  of  Margaret  Fuller  Ossili.  There  were  live 
charter  members,  Mary  Darrow,  Mary  Hyde,  Almira  Mars- 
teller.  Mary  Chesbrough,  and  Mary  Adelle  Williams;  and 
each  held  an  office.  The  constitution  differed  little  from  those 
of  the  other  literary  societies,  but  the  society  experienced 
greater  vicissitudes.  Interest  in  all  the  societies  was  at  its 
ebb  in  the  nineties,  and  in  1897,  the  Ossoli  Literary  Society 
was  changed  to  the  Shakespeare  Club.  The  next  year,  how- 
ever, society  membership  being  necessary  if  one  desire  college 
honors  at  commencement,  the  Ossoli  Society  was  reorganized, 
but  the  old  vitality  was  gone,  and  after  June,  190G,  it  ceased 
to  exist. 

The  Ossoli  had  been  assigned  no  definite  room,  and  for 
several  years  it  met  in  the  Reading  Room  in  Bentley  Hall,  or 
in  the  men's  society  halls.  In  1874:  it  was  given  the  east  wing, 
upstairs,  but  when  Hulings  Hall  was  built,  the  Ossoli  Society, 
for  a  time,  made  use  of  an  upper  room  there;  its  final  home 
was  the  Chapel  Oratory.  The  young  women  usually  had  their 
programs  in  the  afternoon,  but  there  were  numerous  joint 
meetings  with  the  men's  societies.  The  three  of  them  gave  a 
comic  performance  in  1880;  and  in  the  same  year  W.  W. 
Shilling,  George  S.  Miner,  and  Ida  M.  Tarbell  represente<l 
their  respective  societies  in  the  union  commencement  exer- 
cises. Tlie  Ossoli  in  those  days  was  a  strong  force  in  the 
college  life.  In  1877-78  they  sponsored  five  of  the  eight  ])ublic 
lectures  given  at  Tlie  college.  In  their  debates — though  the 
young  women  called  tlieni  "discussions" — they  considered  live, 
wide-awake  toi»ics;  ]»rovision  was  definitely  made  for  news 
items;  the  essays  and  ]>a]»ers  wei-e  excellent.  The  Ossoli  So- 
ciety collected  a  fine  library  that  endti-aced  something  more 
llian  ]»oetry:  this  was  ultimately  incori»orate(l  with  the  college 
library. 

The  book  of  the  secretary,  in   187:5,  has  this  entry: 
''The   iiM'eting   was   ojiened    with    roll-call    and    reading   of 
Scriy)ture.  conducted  with  remarkable  gravity.     Several  ladies 
read  essays;  aftcM-  one  of  these,  many  well-deserved  ci'iticisms 
were  offei-ed,  and  the  \inlia|»py  essayist  confessed  herself  'com 

[  -s(;  ] 


IIISTOKV   OF  ALLEOIIKNV   COJ.LKdE 

pletely  squelched'.  Now,  aiiiid  many  blusli(»s,  arises  the  ([ueeii 
of  the  afteiiiooii,  the  poimhir  editress  <»f  Tin:  Mosaic^  who  read 
tlie  week's  iminber.  The  coiiiiiiittee  toi-  opeiiiiij;-  the  library 
door  reported  that  they  had  done  so  by  the  aid  of  a  [)oker, 
after  breaking  a  large  pane  of  glass.  As  there  was  no  fire  in 
the  stove,  several  young  ladies  suddenly  discovered  that  their 
lungs  were  w^eak,  and  they  could  not  perform.  The  meeting 
was  accordingly  adjourned  to  the  Keading  Itoom." 

An  alumnus  of  1901  writes  thus  of  the  last  revival  of  Ossoli : 
"Miss  Mary  Breene,  '99,  was  our  president.  The  room  was 
ou  the  fourth  floor  of  Ilulings  in  the  corner  toward  Wilcox  and 
I*ark  avenue.  There  was  an  old  haircloth  sofa,  an  heirloom  of 
the  Biblical  Literary  Society,  a  table,  a  score  and  more  of 
chairs  and  a  special  chair  for  the  i)residing  officer.  The  library 
was  limited  to  a  well-thumbed  coi)y  of  Roberts  liules  of  Order. 
There  was  a  program  made  out  for  the  year.  Each  member 
had  to  jierform  six  times  to  get  credit  for  literai-y  work. 

The  assignments  were  essay,  current  events,  book  review, 
debate  and  an  extemporaneous  sj)eech.  In  the  latter  (he  sub- 
ject was  announced  after  the  agonized  performer  took  the  floor. 
If  the  speaker,  strange  to  relate,  ran  out  of  words,  she  must 
hold  the  floor  till  her  time  was  up.  Three  critics  were  ap- 
l)ointed  for  each  meeting.  They  sat  in  judgment  on  the  shiny, 
slippery  haircloth  sofa.  On  special  occasions  Ossoli  had  joint 
meetings  with  the  men's  societies  and  the  girls  always  covered 
themselves  Avith  glory.  Addresses  were  made  before  the  society 
by  members  of  the  Faculty.  A  specially  interesting  evening 
was  given  to  an  address  by  Dr.  Ivose  on  her  experiences  as  a 
pioneer  woman  ]ihysician.  T  fear  when  the  regulation  for 
eligibility  of  the  Senior  conimeiicement  speakers  was  changed, 
there  was  not  the  shari)  incenti\e  to  be  active  in  Ossoli. 


[   2S7  ] 


CHAPTER  X 

THE  GREEK  LETTER  SOCIETIES 

1\  tli('  I'isc  aiid  spi-ciHl  of  the  system  of 
<li-eek  Letter  Societies  aiiioiH^  Anier- 
icaii  collejies,  tliei-e  were  tliree  radi- 
ating centers,  i'nion  ('olle<»e  in  New 
Vork,  Miami  University  in  Ohio, 
and  .letfersoii  (N)llej"e  at  i.'anons- 
hur^-,  Pennsylvania.  At  the  latter 
institnti(Hi.  IMii  Kai»i)a  Tsi  and  l*hi 
(Jamma  Delta  took  their  rise,  while 
at  Bethany  Collej^e.  not  fai'  remote. 
Delta  Tau  Delta  had  its  orijiin. 

Quite  inevitably,  then,  the  jiroximity  of  Allejiheny  to  this 
third  fraternity  birthplace  made  it  in  the  Fifties  an  invitin}^ 
field  for  the  expansion  of  the  secret  society  idea. 

Bnt  the  mystery  with  which  the  early  orjianizations  were 
shron(hMl  made  them  in  most  collej^e  communities  objects  of 
deep  sns])ici()n.  The  institution  at  Meadville,  in  the  days  of 
President  Barker,  was  liberally  administered  and  only  by  rea- 
son of  this  was  a  foothold  on  sufferance  able  to  be  jjained  by 
the  new  movement,  whereas  in  many  ])laces  strict  laws  existed 
aji^ainst  its  introduction.  Early  in  tlie  decade  a  <irou])  on  the 
Hill  entered  into  correspondence  with  an  exclusive  bo<ly, 
located  further  east,  lookino-  toward  the  i)ossible  foundin<j  of  a 
chapter.  But  this  fraternity  refused  to  ••rant  a  charter  to  the 
Allej»heny  men,  saying,  it  liad  ''come  to  the  conclusion  that  it 
did  not  desire  to  extend  the  s(H-iety  so  far  away  among  the 
wilds  of  a  western  and  uncivilized  country,  where  men  are 
scalped  by  savages  and  devoured  by  wild  beasts." 

However,  some  members  of  tliis  comi)any  retained  their 
purpose  of  establishing  a  (Jreek  Letter  relationship  and  eventu- 
ally were  formed  into  the  first  national  secret  society  of  the 
college.     Then  a  second  fi-aternity  entered  after  a  few  years, 

[   28!)   ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

and  a  Third,  initil  now  six  well  known  organizations  for  men 
and  fonr  for  women  are  reco<inized  as  part  of  the  organic  life 
of  Allegheny.  The  fraternity  system  is  accepte«l  as  an  agency 
of  co-operation  to  bring  to  pass  the  highest  ideals  in  edncation. 
Each  cha]>ter  is  an  ettective  nnit  in  the  social,  moral  ami  intel- 
lectual mechanism  of  the  college.  Lender  the  modern  evolution 
of  the  close  supervision  of  individual  chapters  by  the  central 
governing  body  of  each  Greek  Letter  Society,  represented  on 
tlie  Hill,  there  has  arisen  among  the  fraternity  members  gen- 
erally a  lively  sense  of  responsibility  and  a  keen  inceiitive  to 
excel  in  best  things. 

It  has  been  shown  that  the  small  colleges  of  the  naiion  pro- 
duce a  large  proportion  of  the  leaders  in  public  aft'airs.  From 
the  chapters  of  Allegheny  have  gone  forth  not  a  few  to  ])romi- 
ment  positions  in  their  res])ective  secret  societies,  as  well  as  in 
the  various  walks  of  life.  The  fraternities  help  bind  the 
alumni  in  allegiance  to  alma  mater  at  the  same  time  that  with 
passing  years  tliey  keep  fresh  the  vows  of  brotherhood.  The 
substantial  foundation  of  the  men's  societies  on  the  material- 
istic side  is  attested  by  the  fact,  that  the  combined  valuation 
of  the  liouses  and  grounds  of  five  of  tliem  a])]>roximate  one 
hundred  thousand  dollars. 


■_M>(> 


HISTOKV  OF  ALLKdHENY  COLLEGE 

PHI   KAPPA  PSI 
riii  Iv;ii»]>a  I'si  was  touiided  at  .Icllcrsoii  Colle^^e,  February 
V.K  \ST}'2.     As  early  as  Aujiusl,  lsr>;',,  Tlioinas  Knstiii  Kennedy 

was  autlioi-i/i^l  to  (»stablisli 
Teinisylvania  lieta  at  ^leadville. 
Kennedy  was  a  descendant  of 
one  of  the  early  settlers  and  had 
been  a  student  for  two  years  in 
Allejiheny.  lie  then  transferred 
to  Jelterson,  where  he  joined  the 
fraternity.  He  was  a  man  of 
strong  character,  richly  endowed 
with  the  talent  for  leadership 
and  ]»opular  with  the  student 
body.  So  when  later  he  re- 
turned, he  was  able,  in  July, 
IS.")."),  to  orfjanize  the  first  Greek 
Letter  Society  in  the  college. 
The  charter  mendters  were  Z.  R. 
Bratt,  J.  J.  McDowell,  Nelson  Green.  W.  B.  Holt,  O.  S.  Long, 
F.  M.  Gregg,  George  AV.  Jetfers  and  W.  1).  Stevens. 

The  chapter  was,  of  course,  strictly  sub  rosa.  As  the 
pioneer  organization,  it  had  to  fight  the  battle  alone  for  recog- 
nition and  eventually  break  down  the  barriers  of  prejudice, 
then  prevalent  in  college  communities  against  fraternities 
For  almost  a  year,  by  observing  scrupulous  secrecy,  the  mem- 
bers succeeded  in  keeping  even  the  suspicion  of  the  existence 
of  their  society  from  the  minds  of  the  Faculty  and  their  fellow 
students.  But  in  185G,  made  brave  by  this  sticcess,  they  de- 
cided to  wear  their  badges  in  public.  The  effect  of  this  first 
appearance  is  thus  described  by  one  Avho  had  a  part  in  the 
demonstration : 


T.  Rustln  Kennedy 


"The  badge  of  this  fraternity  has  graced  the  bosom  of  some  of  its 
members  in  public,  and  wonder  and  admiration  got  hold  of  the  out- 
siders. There  are  many  surmises  as  to  the  design  of  the  badge,  some 
recognizing  in  it  a  beautiful  design,  and  that  is  all;  some  wonder  if  any 
more  can  be  obtained  in  town;  and  others  imagine  they  can  see  through 
the   whole   thing,    and   wonder   why    all    the    ex-Phiios    don't    got    them. 

[   ^i>l    ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

Only  one  or  two  scent  the  game,  and  wonder  if  a  chapter  is  established 
here."' 

AVirli  The  appearance  of  the  badges,  the  new  organization 
Avas  subjected  to  the  most  severe  scrutiny  by  tlie  auihorities 
and  the  student  body.  The  jnirposes  of  the  chapter  were  not 
understood,  and  tlie  whole  college  looked  with  suspicion  ui)or. 
every  act  of  its  niend)ers.  The  fact  that  not  even  the  name  of 
the  organization  was  known,  aroused  a  great  deal  of  curiosity. 
Many  of  the  students  resented  being  left  on  the  outside  of  the 
secret  group,  and  the  seeds  of  jealousy  found  plenty  of  fertile 
soil. 

The  records  of  the  chapter  for  185G  show  the  attitude  of 
the  college  toward  the  fraternity,  and  at  the  same  time  the 
admiralde  optimism  and  courage  of  its  members.  "Though 
]iolitically  its  mend^ers  have  been  met  only  with  rebuke  and 
rebuff,  still  the  principles  of  this  organization  are  manifesting 
themselves,  and  the  seeds  of  friendship,  the  bond  of  our  union, 
are  striking  deep  root.''  And  again,  one  of  the  members 
writes:  "\Ve  have  braved  the  wrath  of  the  Faculty,  which 
has  forbidden  such  associations.  AVe  have  boldly  asked  the 
o])inion  of  the  uninitiated.  We  have  tacitly  invited  ihe  scru- 
tiny of  the  lit<Tttti.  I  think  we  may  say,  'AVe  still  live.'  The 
Faculty  has  taken  notice  of  the  demonstration  neither  by 
word  or  action.    The  breast-pins  are  still  unassailed." 

The  progress  of  the  new  society  was  at  first  very  slow,  for 
Ihe  obstacles  were  many.  The  chapter  was  obliged  to  meet  in 
student  rooms,  or  in  small  rooms  in  some  of  the  hotels  in  the 
town.  Faculty  hostility,  while  not  oi)en,  was  always  to  be 
jeckoned  with,  a  significant  indication  of  which  is  found  in 
this  laconic  rescri|»t  from  the  minute  book  of  Sc])tember.  185(1: 
'i{es<dved.  that  we  adjourn  to  meet  wherever  we  can.  whenevei* 
we  can — provided  we  can." 

Tlie  graduation  of  eight  of  its  number  of  si.\t(HMi,  in  lS.~)(t. 
was  almost  fatal  to  the  organization.  Ii\it  through  the  liihdity 
and  enthusiasm  of  the  few  i-emaining  members,  the  sti-ength 
was  again  built  u|».  and  the  little  grou|>  began  to  grow  in 
influence  and  esteem.     Tlu'  changed  attitmle  of  the  college  was 


HIt>TORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

one  of  the  fruits  of  success.     One  of  tlie  brothers  writes,  in 

1 8r)8 : 

"Our  progress  is  like  tliat  of  tlie  deep,  placid  stream,  which  noise- 
lessly flows  on,  continually  increasing  in  volume,  deepening  its  channe! 
and  acquiring  a  power  that  easily  sweeps  every  obstruction  aside.  The 
spirit  of  enmity,  which  for  some  time  existed  against  us,  has  gradually 
died  away  as  our  objects  became  better  known,  and  now  our  society 
stands  respected  by  nearly  all,  and  is  even  looked  upon  with  some 
degree  of  veneration.  We  have  weathered  the  storm.  Those  who  but 
a  few  months  since  reproached  us  with  the  most  opprobrious  epithets, 
have  ceased  their  cavil  and  perhaps  have  concluded,  in  the  words  of 
another,  that  they  are  either  "knaves  or  liars." 

The  years  of  active  opposition,  althouj*)!  now  to  some 
extent  a  tliinj.;'  of  the  ])ast,  liad  liad  a  beneficial  effect  upon  the 
cliapter.  Tlie  necessity  of  impressing-  ui>on  outsiders  the 
objects  and  ideals  of  the  fraternity,  and  of  cond>atting  the 
universal  prejudice  enf»rayed  indelibly  npon  the  minds  and 
hearts  of  tlie  members  of  the  chai)ter  the  high  standards  of 
their  society.  The  minutes  of  May  10,  IS.")!),  written  in  the 
highly  embellished  style  of  the  stndent  of  that  day,  throws  a 
light  upon  the  attitude  of  the  Phi  I*si  men  toward  the  trials 
through  Ayhicli  tliey  had  passed.  ''Time's  corroding  tooth  has 
a  destroying  inflnence  on  most  terrestial  things,  but  it  has 
failed  most  signally  during  the  ])ast  term  of  having  that  effect 
upon  our  beloyed  society.  i>he  has  not  only  stood  the  test  of 
time,  bnt  like  some  precious  jewel,  she  is  all  the  brigliter  for 
the  wear." 

By  ISOO.  tlie  standing  of  tlie  chapter  in  the  college  had 
risen  to  such  an  extent  that  one  of  the  professors,  Frank 
Brown,  was  taken  in  as  a  member.  The  chapter  eyen  consid- 
ered, on  three  different  occasions,  the  advisability  of  liolding 
its  anniversary  exercises  in  i)nblic.  One  of  the  reasons  for 
such  a  procedure  is  stated  in  the  minutes:  "That  it  will 
give  the  old  members  great  ideasnre  to  find  us  taking  so  hold 
(I  step."  Uncertainty  as  to  how  sncli  a  move  wouhl  b(»  received 
resnlte(l  in  the  project  being  abandoned. 

With  tlie  de])arture  of  six  of  the  strongest  mend)ers  of  the 
cliai»ter  for  tlie  front  uiH)n  the  declaration  of  war  in  i^fH,  the 

[  -"•>:»  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

cliapter  once  more  was  brought  almost  to  the  point  of  disso- 
lution. But  with  the  same  spirit  that  had  carried  them 
through  so  many  trials,  the  men  who  were  left  took  upon  them- 
selves the  responsibilities  of  the  fraternity.  On  June  10.  just 
two  days  before  the  departure  for  the  front,  the  fraternity  held 
a  banquet  in  honor  of  the  gallant  men  who  were  to  wear  the 
'•shield''  upon  the  battlefield.  The  account  of  the  banquet  has 
been  preserved,  and  reflecting  as  it  does  the  patriotic  spirit 
of  the  members  of  the  fraternity,  as  well  as  picturing  a  typical 
war-time  farewell,  it  is  worthy  of  record  here: 

•"The  occasion  was  one  of  special  interest  as  six  of  our  number  antic- 
ipated departing  on  the  morrow  to  engage  in  the  service  of  the  coun- 
try, to  aid  in  fighting  her  battles,  and,  if  it  be  God's  will,  to  die  in  her 
defense.  Their  names  are  Sion  B.  Smith,  George  Norris,  M.  .\1.  Phelps, 
A.  C.  Pickard,  J.  D.  Chadwick  and  Alexander  Ashle\'.  At  about  ten- 
thirty  the  Brothers  sat  down  to  a  sumptuous  repast.  Notwithstanding 
gloomy  thoughts  would  often  crowd  themselves  upon  our  minds,  the 
occasion  was  one  of  joy  and  hilarity.  Frequent  outbursts  of  laughter 
bore  witness  to  the  play  of  wit,  and  each  seemed  to  be  wholly  occupied 
in  the  enjoyment  of  the  present  moment,  and  of  this,  most  likely,  our 
last  meeting.  The  table  being  cleared,  we  repaired  to  the  parlor  where 
we  were  favored  with  an  able  address  by  Brother  J.  W.  Phillips.  He 
spoke  in  a  touching  manner  of  the  feelings  now  existing  between  resi- 
dents of  different  sections  of  the  country,  and  closed  by  exhorting  the 
Brothers  to  remember  their  obligations  to  God,  to  their  fellow  men — 
and  to  their  fraternity.  Each  of  the  Brothers,  who  was  about  to  leave 
us  for  the  army,  was  then  called  upon  in  turn,  and  addressed  words  of 
farewell  to  the  fraternity." 

Many  (jtliers  went  to  the  front  in  the  gloomy  years  that 
followed,  and  not  a  few  gave  their  lives  in  loyal  sacrifice  to 
llieir  country.  The  memorials,  written  in  the  chapter  minutes 
as  tributes  to  the  jiiemories  of  these  nu'n.  tell  a  tale  of  touch- 
ing jtjitlios.  In  them  is  revealed  all  the  bitterness  of  youth 
against  the  South,  the  poignant  grief  of  the  bereave<l  over  the 
loss  of  (h'arest  friends  in  cruid  war.  There  is.  however,  a 
liiighlei-  si(h'  of  the  history  of  Pennsylvania  Beta  during  the 
Will*  and  tlial  is  found  in  tiie  gallantry  of  her  sons  upon  the 
liattlefield.  Of  those  whose  lives  were  taken  in  freedom's  de- 
leiise  ;ind  of  those  who  were  permitle<l  to  ])ass  through  the 
years    of    idoodshecl    in    safety,    thei-e    was    not    one    btit    that 

\    -"-'^    1 


IIISTOKV   OF  ALLEGHENY   COLLEGE 

brought  honor  upon  himself,  and  tlius  upon  his  fraternity.  The 
remembrance  of  tlieir  (hn'ds  is  one  of  the  most  priceless  heri- 
tages of  the  chapter. 

With  the  close  of  the  war,  Pennsylvania  Beta  began  to 
regain  strength.  It  increased  in  standing  and  influence  in 
the  college,  and  was  recognized  as  a  prominent  factor  in  college 
affairs,  although  still  not  officially  accepted  by  the  Faculty. 
Until  187G,  the  place  of  meeting  changed  continually.  The 
Barton  House,  the  American  aud  Occidental  hotels,  and  two 
or  three  other  hotels  served  successively  as  the  headquarters  of 
the  chapter,  and  it  was  not  until  May  of  that  year  that  a 
permanent  hall  was  provided.  This  definite  ''home"  was 
located  in  the  Delamater  Block.  At  a  somewhat  later  date, 
the  chapter  reniove<l  its  (juarters  to  a  hall  on  Water  Street; 
then  again,  the  meetings  were  held  in  the  K.  of  P.  Hall. 

In  1888  the  Phi  Psis  again  began  to  feel  the  need  for  a 
change  of  quarters.  No  longer  content  with  a  hall,  they  rented 
a  house  on  Highland  Avenue.  Here  the  chapter  maintained  a 
prosperous  existence  until  1803,  when  the  house  was  given  up. 
A  suite  of  rooms  was  held  in  the  Phoenix  Block  and  the  Eich- 
moud  Block  for  the  next  seven  years.  In  the  spring  of  1900, 
a  house  on  Walnut  Street  was  leased,  and  the  members  of  the 
chapter  were  once  more  able  to  live  together. 

The  property  now  owned  by  the  fraternity,  opposite  the 
Ford  Memorial  Chapel,  was  acquired  in  1902,  the  men  living 
in  a  frame  house  which  had  stood  many  years  on  this  site. 
These  quarters,  however,  were  only  temporary,  for,  after  a 
brisk  campaign,  through  the  generous  aid  of  alumni  and  Mrs. 
Sarah  B.  Cochran,  sufficient  funds  were  secured  to  build  the 
complete  and  ideal  fraternity  house  which  is  now  the  home  of 
Pennsylvania  Beta.  The  cornerstone  was  laid  during  the 
Commencement  week  of  1907,  the  chief  address  being  given  by 
Dr.  Camden  M.  Cobern,  an  alumnus  in  the  Allegheny  Faculty. 
The  new  home  was  the  first  fraternity  house  to  be  built  for 
fraternity  purposes  on  the  Hill. 

The  I'hi  Psis  from  the  earliest  days  were  prominent  in  col- 
lege affairs.  Speakers  for  the  literary  societies,  orators, 
repliers,  honor  reju'esenta fives  on  Commencement  platforms, 

[  29.-,  ] 


IIISTOIJY  OF  ALLr:(lHi:NY   COLLEGE 

They  tijiinvd  often  in  the  Fifties  and  Sixties.  From  1S(m  to 
ISSd  a  line  of  ]»i-izes  ottered  in  conij>etition.  the  Hazeltine.  Kahi- 
niatliean.  AVoodrnff.  Hunter,  Keystone,  Chambers,  fell  to  Penn- 
sylvania Beta  through  the  jtrowess  of  its  mend)ers.  From 
iSSO-KO.  tlie  interest  of  the  student  body  was  divided  itetween 
iournalisni,  oratorv,  music  and  athletics.     In  each  branch  the 


Phi  Kappa  I'si  House 

<ha|»lcr  had  a  worthy  pari.  A  iiiaj(»rity  of  Ihc  editoi  sin-cliie!" 
of  I  lie  collciic  annuals  were  I'hi  I'sis.  V.  A.  Cattern.  in  ISSS. 
won  ijic  fanions  ('hantan(|ua  oi-alorical  contest  foi-  ,Viie<ilu'n\- 
against  scxcial  uni\  ci-sil  ics.  I'roni  iSSS  to  Isii;!  the  '■haptcr 
iii'ld  a  hiriic  share  of  the  com|K'litive  and  electixc  honors  of  the 

[  lmm;  1 


mSTOKV   OF  ALLK(JHEXY   COLLECJE 

(•oll('<'(\      To    the    present    time,    it    coiitiimes    to    iiiaiiitaiii    a 
■worthy  place  in  all  hi-aiiclies  of  student  activity. 

In  the  sixty  years,  tliere  have  Ikhmi  4ST  initiates.  Of  these, 
'27}'2  received  the  A.  H.  de^i-ee  from  Alle<i,heny,  20  from  other 
colleges;  114  received  iheir  Master  of  Arts  degree  from  Alle- 
gheny. The  nundiei-  of  Phi  I 'sis  of  Pennsylvania  Beta  to  whom 
have  been  a\varde<l  degrees  is:  IS  Doctors  of  Divinity,  31 
Doctors  of  Medicine,  1 1  Doctors  of  Philosopliy,  11  Bachelors  of 
Law,  G  Doctors  of  Law. 

The  standard  of  scholarship  is  witnessed  by  elections  to  the 
learned  society  of  Phi  Bet.i  Kappa.  Twenty-four  members  of 
the  cha]»ter  have  i-eceived  the  honor,  eight  being  foundation 
charter  uuMubers.  The  list  is:  .1.  M.  Thoburn  '.■)T,  Frauk  A. 
Arter  '(U,  Oeorge  W.  Haskins  '(;4.  Klihu  W.  Tolerton  '71,  Ben 
jamin  L.  ^[illikin  '74,  Camden  ^r.  Cobern  "7<>,  Arthur  L.  Bates 
*S0.  Sinipsou  S.  Ford  'SI — charter  niend)ers,  and  Noble  G. 
Miller  'Gl,  Adam  (\  llicknuin  '02,  Kobert  S.  Biudand  T)'),  Sim])- 
sou  A^'.  Horner  '(m,  Edward  S.  McC'liesney  '<m,  Charles  W. 
Deane  'S4,  AVilliam  W.  Vouugson  '111,  S.  .John  Morrow  '01, 
Albert  J.  May  '01,  Frank  E.  Baker  '0.">,  Floyd  L.  Darrow  'OG, 
John  Kaymond  Crawford  'OG,  "Watkin  1*.  Sturtevant  'OG. 
Frauds  L.  La  Bounty  '07,  Frank  V.  Miller  '07,  -lohn  B. 
Keister  '00. 

The  best  chapter  in  the  history  of  Peuusylvauia  Beta  is 
composed  of  the  achievemeuts  of  her  sons.  They  have  attained 
success  in  all  Avalks  of  life.    The  list  is  in  part  as  fcdlows: 

lion.  Lloyd  Lowdes.  (lovernor  of  ^raryland;  Sion  B.  Smith. 
National  President  of  IMii  Kapi»a  Vs\.  1014-lOlG;  AVIlliam  C. 
Wilson,  National  Pr<'sident  of  Phi  Ka]»pa  Psi,  lS!)2-0-!:;  Hon. 
Arthur  L.  Bates,  :\rember  of  (\»ngress.  1000-12;  Plon.  Daniel  B. 
Heiner,  Aleudier  of  Congress;  *lIon.  .lohn  W.  Phillips,  Justice 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Miss(»uri ;  Ifev.  -lames  M.  Thoburn. 
Bislioj)  of  the  M.  E.  Church;  Dr.  Camden  Af.  Coberu,  Professor 
iit  Allegheny  College,  theologian,  lecturer;  Dr.  Benjamin  L. 
Alillikin,  Dean  of  Medical  College,  Western  IJeserve  I'niver- 
sity;  "President  Lemuel  W.  Ong.  of  Ifichmond  College:  *Presi- 
dent  ^lilton  V.  Carrison,  of  Wa.vnesburg  College:  Dean  Cliarles 
F.  Fox.  of  Findlay  College;  ex-President  .l<»lin  A.  Sim]. son.  of 

[   li!»T  1 


rirSTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

Baker  I'liiversity;  ex-l'resident  i^aiiiuel  S.  Sinii)soii.  of  liich- 
iiiond  College;  *])eaii  Frank  O.  Marvin,  of  the  College  of  En- 
gineering, Cniversity  of  Kansas;  *Prof.  (ieorge  W.  Haskins, 
Professor  in  AlIeghenT  College;  Hon.  Frank  M.  Cnrrie,  b^tate 
Senator  of  Nebraska ;  Mr.  Frank  A.  Arter,  capitalist,  presi- 
dent of  Board  of  Trnstees,  Allegheny  College;  Hon.  A.  ])e 
France,  ^State  Senator  of  Colorado;  Hon.  A<lani  C.  Hickman. 


Sion  B.  Smith,  President  of  Fraternity 

State  Senatoi',  -Indge,  I'rofessoi-  in  the  Cniversily  of  Minne- 
sota; Hon.  \\illiani  J'\  Hill,  State  Senator  of  I'ennsylvania; 
*Hon.  Honiei-  .1.  llnnies.  State  Senator  of  I'ennsylvania,  1883- 
SO;  *Hon.  Sle|»heii  <;.  Xye,  State  Senator,  .Indge;  lion.  John  T. 
Spencer,  State;  Senator;  Sidney  G.  Brock,  Chief  of  Bureau  of 
Statistics,  AVashiiigton,  1).  C. ;  *l{ev.  Henry  Afansell,  Mission- 
ary to  hulia;  Professor  Amos  .1.  Newell,  \'ice-President  of 
<'irand  Pi-aiiie  Scniiiiaiy ;  C.  H.  Haskins,  Dean  in  Harvar<l  Cni- 

[   --^'^   ] 


IIISTORV   OF  ALLKdllKXV   COLLE(JK 

vci-sity;  IIoii.  .iaiucs  II.  ^^'e;^veI•.  foniier  U.  S.  Consul  a(  \'ieinia, 
Austria,  Brindisi,  Italy,  and  Antwerp,  Belgium;  Frank  (Jhapiu 
Bray,  Mana<j;inji  lOditor  of  the  (Miautauciua  Tress;  lion.  Ossiau 
E.  Carr,  City  Manager  of  Cadillac,  Michigan;  lion.  Simpson 
S.  Ford,  .fudge  of  Court  of  Common  I'leas,  Cleveland,  Ohio; 
Hon.  Miles  B.  Chadwick,  ^lunicipal  Judge;  *Hon.  Pearson 
Church,  .hidge  of  (Jrawford  County,  1ST7-8T;  Hon.  George  S. 
Ferris,  Judge;  *Hon.  Franklin  W.  Shii)pen,  Circuit  Court 
Judge;  Charh's  W.  Deane,  Superintendent  of  Schools,  Bridge- 
port. Conn.;  ClitTord  J.  Scott,  Su])erinten(lent  of  Schools,  Wil 
niington,  Del.;  "Thomas  Kustin  Kennedy,  Clerk  of  Supreme 
Court  of  I'ennsylvania  ;  X.  IJ.  Steadman,  President  of  the  Mel- 
bourne National  Bank,  of  ^lelhourne,  Australia;  Professor 
James  Eldon,  President  of  State  Xornial  School  at  Lock 
Haven,  I'a.,  1887-1000;  Professor  Frank  E.  Baker,  l»resident 
Ediidtoro  State  Normal  School ;  Lee  W.  Unger,  Assist;\nt  Gen- 
eral Su])erintendent  of  Carnegie  Steel  Co.  P.  F.  Kahle,  '17. 

PHI  GAMMA  DELTA 

I'i  Chapter  of  IMii  Gamma  Delta  was  founded  in  18G0  by 
a  group  of  students  in  Allegheny,  who  sought  a  tangible  bond 
for  the  fellowship  already  existing  and  also  desired  to  unite 
their  strength  to  bring  to  pass  certain  reforms.  For  some 
years  a  single  secret  society  had  held  the  field  and  its  mem- 
bers Avere  largely  the  men  who  won  the  honors  of  the  college. 
This  situation  produced  a  sort  of  aristocracy  in  student 
activities,  and  in  a  revolt  against  such  control  the  forces 
gathered  which  culminated  in  a  rival  society.  The  opposition 
was  organized  by  Marcus  Hotchkiss,  '58,  who  returned  to 
Allegheny  a  year  after  his  graduation  and  worked  with  J.  B. 
Reinholdt,  'GO,  to  interest  a  grouj*  of  aggressive  young  men 
in  the  several  classes.  An  almost  involuntary  association  of 
kindred  spirits  had  already  arisen,  men  who  looked  at  things 
about  the  same  way,  sought  similar  diversions  and  possessed 
the  same  ideals.  But  to  make  their  nH)vement  effective,  steps 
were  taken  to  secure  a  charter  from  another  national  fra- 
ternity. Since  the  entrenched  Gieek  Letter  society  was  alert 
to  discourage  and  ]K)ssibly  sui»])i-ess  the  formation  of  a  com- 

[    L'!»!)    ] 


HISTORY   OF  ALLEdHENY   COLLEGE 


jK'Titoi-.  many  tlirilliiiji  ex})erieuces  befell  the  men  who  were 
jdanninir  To  become  members  of  I*hi  Oamma  Delta. 

One  of  the  strategies  employed  by  the  struggling  organiz- 
ers was  to  treat  each  other  with  such  a  degree  of  inditferenee 
and  formality  when  thrown  together  on  the  campus  and  iu 
the  class-rooms,  that  the  rival  society  was  led  to  believe  that 
dissension  had  come  among  them,  that  their  efforts  to  get  a 
charter  had  been  unsuccessful,  and  that  the  attempt  had  been 
abandoned.  The  elation  of  the  members  of  the  existing  fra- 
ternity was  soon  evident  and  other  students  even  ottered  con- 
dolences. This  ruse,  however,  was  not  pernument  iu  its  effect, 
and  their  opponents,  through  their  untiring  vigilance,  soon 
learned  of  the  clandestine  meetings  that  were  being  held  in 
the  rooms  of  the  various  members  and  in  secluded  spots. 

Among  the  favorite  places  of  meeting  were  an  old  mill  a 
mile  and  a  half  out  of  town,  and  a  cellar  in  Boles  Block  on  the 
]»nblic  sipiare.  Once  in  a  session  in  the  dark  alley  back  of  tb.e 
county  jail  two  of  the  rivals  appeared,  whereupon  the  boys 
ran  around  several  blocks  to  elude  their  jtursuers,  an<l  tinally 
slip]»(Ml  into  a  coal  house  beliind  the  Stone  Church,  where  they 
concluded  tlieir  meeting  without  being  disturbed. 

In  .June.  lS(i(l.  a  cliarter  was  secured  from  IMii  (iamnui 
I>clta  and  each  mendter  of  the  baud  was  secretly  informed  that; 
llic  installation  would  take  place  immediately.     Eight  of  the 

sixteen  members  were  cliostMi  bv 
lot  to  be  initiat<'d  by  tii'>  legate 
<»f  tlie  national  fraternity,  who 
had  come  t(»  the  city  incognito, 
while  the  remaining  eiulit  men 
were  initiated  at  the  first  nunM- 
ing  of  the  new  chapter.  IL  L. 
K'ichniond  '(K),  11.  S.  Johnsoii 
'(K>.  I{.  S.  ^FcEntire  "(lO.  .1.  B 
Beinhoblt  "CO.  V.  W.  Hays  '(11, 
Frank  V.  K'ay  'CL*.  i:.  H.  Ilen- 
dei-son  '(!:'>.  and  \\  W.  I>raggins 
"(»1.  were  the  lirsl  members  ini- 
tialed, while  on  the  ■-•llowing 
night  wei-e  ad(h'd  -1.  .1.  Hender- 
son   '«iL'.    i;.    C.     I'l-ey    'CL*.    Louis 


!■.    I'.   Ua.v.    tVi 


iiisT()i{v  OF  aijj:(jiii:.\v  collkcje 

lliiniiltoii  '(;l\  .1.  M.  Wells  'Oi',  T.  .1.  WVlls  "(;l'.  Frank  Tustunl 
'(;().  Andrew  .lolinston  '(il.  A.  .M.  Williams  'CI.  an-l  .J.  C. 
Sninllin  '(U. 

The  ])lace  of  the  installation  of  the  (•lia])ter  was  a  i-ooni  in 
the  basement  of  the  two-storied  brick  ofliee  l)uildin^'  of  11.  1.. 
llichmond,  the  father  of  one  of  the  foundei'S.  The  chamber  had 
been  secretly  ])re])ared  by  Mr.  Kichmond,  and  at  the  apjiointed 
time  the  can<lidates  slipped  quietly,  one  by  one.  down  the  daik 
l)assage-way  into  the  building,  (iiiards  had  been  j)laced  at 
advantageous  points  about  the  Diamond,  and  at  eleven  O'clock 
they  gave  up  their  post,  and,  as  they  a])i)roached  the  place  of 
meeting,  would  make  their  jiresence  known  to  their  awaiting 
companions  by  a  j)rearranged  system  of  signals. 

When  the  entire  chapter  had  been  initiated,  the  proud 
group  of  (Jreeks  i>resented  themselves  in  a  body  at  the  first 
cha])el  exercise  with  their  pins  showing  cons])icuously.  Al- 
though considerable  surprise  was  clearly  shown  by  the  senior 
organization,  the  new  IMii  (Jams  were  loudly  cheered  and 
warndy  received  by  the  student  body,  who  were  willing  to 
exjtress  their  ap])reciation  of  the  men  who  had  succeeded  at 
last  in  establishing  a  chapter  of  a  competing  fraternity. 

The  new  chajder  had  not  bt^en  founded  a  year,  when  its  very 
existence  was  put  to  the  test.  When  the  Civil  \\'ar  broke  out, 
so  nmny  of  the  mend)ers  were  called  away  that  only  a  lew  men 
were  left  to  carry  the  spark  of  life  through  the  four  years  of 
th(^  war.  The  fraternity  was  composed  of  men  from  both  the 
Xorth  and  the  South,  and  the  cha])ter  was  rei)resented  in  both 
armies.  Frank  1*.  liay,  '($2,  enlisted  at  the  first  call  for  volun- 
teers under  fJeneral  Patterson.  Ira  Ayer.  '(m,  was  made  ca{)- 
tain  of  the  famous  Allegheny  College  company,  and  later  be- 
came a  brigadier  general.  p]dward  H.  Henderson,  'G3,  also 
enlisted  with  the  college  comi)any,  and  rose  to  the  rank  of  cai»- 
tain.  John  B.  Keinholdt,  'GO,  and  C.  ().  .Johnson  became  su-*- 
geons  in  the  Union  Army,  .lames  ^f.  AVells,  '(»2.  became  aii 
adjutant,  and  F.  H.  Braggins,  '(i4.  was  mustered  out  as  a 
colonel  after  having  received  severe  wounds  while  tighting  in 
^'irginia. 

[  -oi  ] 


H18T0HY   OF  ALLEiiHENY   COLLEGE 

William  McClelland,  '70,  who  later  became  adjutaiit-geiienil 
of  the  State  of  l*euusylvania,  was  wounded  while  acting  as  a 
batteryman  in  Battery  B  of  the  Pennsylvania  Artillery.  H,  L. 
Richmond,  -GO,  answered  an  emergency  call  for  volunteers. 
Albert  Williams,  'Gl,  was  hospital  steward  of  the  101st  regi- 
ment. J.  J.  Henderson,  'G2,  who  had  been  especially  active  in 
the  organization  of  the  new  chapter,  enlisted  and  served  as  the 
ordnance  sergeant  of  the  First  Army  Corps.  Henry  Johnston, 
'60,  and  Jefferson  Wells,  '62,  served  in  different  regiments  of 
the  Union  Army  throughout  the  war. 

In  the  Army  of  the  Confederacy-  the  chapter  was  repre 
sented  by  James  Crawford,  '67,  who  fought  with  a  Mississippi 
regiment.    Patrick  Henry,  '64,  who  was  crippled  in  a  coastir.g 
accident  while  in  college,  lost  his  life  while  in  the  Southerii 
service. 

The  first  permanent  rooms  of  Phi  Gamma  Delta  were  ii: 
what  was  known  as  the  Barton  House,  situated  on  the  corner 
of  Pine  and  Water  streets.  These  rooms  were  occupied  im- 
mediately after  the  installation  and  continued  as  the  head- 
quarters of  the  fraternity  through  the  first  few  years.  The 
next  rooms  occupied  by  the  chapter  were  in  the  old  Colt  Hous^ 
which  stood  on  Water  street  where  the  Halsey  Hotel  is  nov,' 
situated.  After  several  years,  the  chapter  desired  more  per 
manent  headquarters  than  those  to  be  secured  from  the  dowi;- 
town  hostelries,  and  so  the  back  rooms  in  the  basement  of  the 
Colter  Law  Office  Building  on  Diamond  Square  were  fitted  up 
more  pretentiously  than  the  somewhat  temporary  headquarters 
which  had  previously  been  occupied. 

In  1876  another  change  was  made  to  the  Phoenix  Block  o:i 
the  corner  of  Water  and  Chestnut  streets.  wluM'e  the  fi-aternitv 
occni)ie(l  two  rooms  on  the  third  tloor.  In  ISSl,  llirongh  the 
gift  of  James  1{.  L'ettew,  'SO.  two  rooms  on  the  third  Hoor  of 
the  Pichmond  Block  on  Chest iiut  street  were  titled  up  in  a 
style  which  surpassed  that  of  any  rooms  previously  oc(Mi]»ie.l 
New  furnihire.  well  selected  decoi-ations.  fraternity  designs 
and  Indian  1a|M'slry  made  tiie  i-oonis  attractive  and  cozy. 
These  rooms  are  NtoUed  upon  by  many  of  the  alumni  as  tlu*  old 
liomestead  of  the  chapter,  rather  than  tlie  nn)re  nnxlesi  (|uai'- 
tei-s  previously  occupied. 

[  :502  ] 


HISTOKV  OF  ALLE(;UENY   COI.LKdE 

In  18SS  a  liij^lily  iiiiitoi'taiil  step  in  the  history  of  the  chap- 
ter was  taken  when  its  tirst  eha))ter  honse,  the  tirst  to  be  occu- 
pied on  the  Hill,  was  secnred.  The  new  home  was  the  lionse  on 
the  edge  of  tlie  campus,  wliich  is  now  the  residence  of  the 
President  of  the  colle<i-e.  It  was  made  possible  by  the  j^ener- 
osity  of  Bishop  Xai»htali  Luccock,  of  the  Ohio  Wesleyaii 
Chapter,  who  was  jiiving  uj)  his  j)osition  as  a  member  of  the 
Faculty'.  The  house  had  been  occnpied  by  Professor  Luccock, 
and  he  made  possible  the  securinj;-  of  the  lease  as  well  as  practi- 
cally donatinjij  his  own  furniture  to  the  new  lionse.  This  new 
step  was  somewhat  of  a  venture,  but,  with  the  help  of  the 
alumni  and  the  careful  management  of  E.  E.  Proper,  '89,  who 
was  the  originator  and  promoter  of  the  idea,  it  because  a  suc- 
cess, and  led  to  the  adoption  of  the  similai*  jdans  by  the  other 
fraternities. 

After  nine  years,  the  need  of  a  more  specialized  house  was 
felt,  and  in  1897  a  building  was  erected  on  the  corner  of  Park 
avenue  and  Loomis  street  after  plans  drawn  by  the  members 
of  the  chapter.  This  house,  which  is  now  occupied  by  the 
Alpha  Chi  Kho  chapter,  was  thought  at  that  time  to  be  ideal 
for  fraternity  use.  and  was  leased  by  the  chapter  for  six  years. 

The  ambition  of  the  chapter  to  own  its  own  home  prompted 
the  alumni  to  purchase,  in  100.''>,  the  frame  residence  at  55:1 
Park  avenue,  adjoining  the  house  which  was  first  occupied. 
This  house  served  the  chapter  well  until  the  alumni  so  gener- 
ously offered  to  build  a  modern  and  adequate  fraternity  house 
which  would  be  a  permanent  monument  to  the  chapter.  This 
home,  on  North  Main  street,  above  the  cami)us,  was  entered 
in  191 -t.  It  is  a  spacious  brick  buihling  erected  at  a  cost  of 
twenty-five  thousand  dollars.  Being  modern  in  equipment 
and  furnishing,  it  will  last  through  many  years  and  form  a 
permanent  location  for  the  chapter. 

In  the  various  lines  of  college  activity,  the  mend)ers  of 
the  chapter  have  borne  tln^r  share.  They  have  been  promi- 
nent in  the  journalistic  and  literary  pursuits  of  the  student 
body.  The  Campts  was  founded  in  1870  by  Wayne  Whipple. 
'77.  A.  C.  Ellis  '78.  and  A.  J.  ^laxwell  '79.  who  composed  the 
board  of  editors  for  the  first  two  years  of  its  ])ublication.    Of 

[  30.'^,  ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLKUJIIONY   COLLEGE 

the  tliirty-uiiie  subsequent  editors,  seven teeu  have  been  nieui- 
bers  of  Pi  chapter.  Durinjjj  the  decade  from  1880  to  181J0,  J. 
W.  Moore  '81,  W.  F.  Oldham  '83,  C.  W.  Fuller  '80,  W.  L. 
Siling  '00,  S.  S.  Marquis  '00,  and  J.  A.  Gibson  '01,  held  im- 
])ortant  places  on  the  stall,  contributing  much  to  promote 
journalism  in  the  student  body.  This  experience  encouraged 
the  chai^ter  to  assume  the  weighty  responsibility  of  publish- 
ing the  national  magazine  of  I'hi  Gamma  Delta  at  Meadvilli. 
Members  of  the  chapter  also  have  borne  their  share  in  the 
editing  of  the  college  annual,  the  Kaluuon.  On  the  first  statf, 
in  1880,  were  W.  B.  McNair  '80,  E.  E.  I'roper  '80,  and  F.  C. 
Howe  'SO.  On  the  boards  of  the  Literary  Monthly_,  Pi  men 
have  had  a  minor  place,  until  in  recent  years.  In  otiier  col- 
lege activities,  the  chapter  has  been  given  the  usual  round  of 
representation  in  athletics,  dramatics,  musical  clubs  and  class 
organizations. 

The  initiates  of  Pi  number  four  hundred  and  two,  three 
hundred  and  eleven  yet  living.  Of  the  chapter  roll,  two  hun- 
dred and  twenty  have  received  their  degree  of  Baclielor  of 
Arts  or  Science.  The  following  members  have  been  awarded 
Phi  Beta  Kappa:  J.  J.  Henderson  '02,  F.  P.  Ray  '02,  N.  P. 
Kinsley  '08,  K.  F.  Randolph  '08,  N.  H.  Holmes  '70,  M.  C. 
Harris  '73,  T.  H.  Woodring  '73,  J.  W.  Miles  '74,  J.  H.  Mont- 
gomery '77,  A.  C.  Ellis  '78,  E.  S.  White  '78,  J.  A.  Ballantyne 
'82,  J.  W.  Kiunear  '82,  C.  W.  Fuller  '80,  E.  B.  Heckel  '87, 
:\[.  P.  Stevenson  '87,  F.  C.  Howe  '80,  E.  E.  Proper  'SO,  A.  CK 
Fradenburgh  '00,  S.  S.  Marquis  '00,  E.  L.  Mattern  '00,  W.  L 
Siling  '00,  H.  P.  Johnson  '02,  B.  A.  Heydrick  '02,  N.  B. 
Madden  '00,  Paul  Sturtevant  '00,  F.  L.  Matteson  '00,  A.  I). 
Andrews  '08,  L.  W.  Sherwin  '08,  H.  H.  Lamb  '10,  R.  R.  Yost 
'10,  J.  W.  Barkley  'U,  J.  S.  Robinson  '11,  H.  M.  Weeter  '11, 
C.  S.  Burwell  '14,  P.  W.  Johnston  '14. 

In  its  relation  to  Alleglieny  College,  the  chapter  has  played 
a  worthy  role.  ])r.  W.  G.  Williams,  '7."),  was  first  instructor, 
then  professor  of  modern  languages  and  president.  18SS-0.  Dr. 
J.  H.  Montgomery,  '77,  was  instructor,  then  professor  of  phy- 
sics and  chemistry,  ISS")  to  1004.  He  served  as  vice-president 
1S80-1004  and  acting  jiresidenl.   10():!-04.     Dr.  G.   E.   Suavely, 

[  30.->   ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

Johns  H<>i>kins.  '01.  is  registrar  of  the  college  and  head  of  the 
department  of  romance  languages.  Ur.  Napthali  Luccock,  Dr. 
R.  8.  Breed  and  Dr.  I.  K.  Beiler  have  also  served  on  the  Fac- 
ulty. Seven  of  the  ahimni  of  Pi  are  members  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees  and  the  men  of  Phi  Gamma  Delta  have  been  loyal 
and  zealous  to  promote  the  highest  interests  of  Old  Allegheny. 
In  July.  1014,  Pi  Cliai»ter  was  pronounced  the  most  efficient 
chapter  of  the  Phi  (Jamma  Delta  Fraternity  during  the  pre- 
ceding school  year,  and  was  awarded  a  handsome  cup,  the 
Cheney  Efficiency  Cup,  by  the  president  of  the  national  fra- 
ternity, Mr.  O.  H.  Cheney.  The  presentation  of  this  cup  for 
chapter  efficiency  is  an  innovation  since  the  local  cha]>ter  was 
the  first  to  whom  the  award  has  been  made.  The  liasis  of 
judging  the  competition  for  this  trophy  is  fifty  i)er  cent  on 
scholarship,  twenty-live  i>er  cent  on  relationship  of  the  chai)ter 
to  the  college,  and  twenty-live  per  cent  upon  the  relationship 
of  the  chai)ter  to  the  national  organization.  The  competition 
for  the  cup  is  annually  renewed. 

The  chapter,  since  its  origin,  has  had  considerable  influ- 
ence in  the  affairs  of  the  national  fraternity.  In  188!>,  the 
national  organization  gave  the  men  at  Allegheny  full  control 
of  the  fraternity  journal,  and  for  three  years  it  was  published 
successfully  by  a  board  of  edit- 
ors from  the  chapter.  E.  L. 
Mattern  *!I0,  Frederick  C.  Howe 
'S!),  William  L.  Siling  '<)(),  and 
Samuel  S.  Marcpiis  '1)0,  were  the 
editors,  ainl  successively  ]>ub- 
lisiied  one  of  the  ablest  frater- 
nity journals  ever  edite<l  by 
undergraduates. 

Many  of  the  alumni  have 
s<'rv('d  in  ditVerent  capacities  in 
tlie  administi-ation  of  the  affairs 
of  the  national  fraternity.  E.  L. 
Matt<M-n,  '!►(>,  besides  having 
edited    the   fi-aternity   magazine, 

[  :\m  ] 


K     I,.  Mattern,    W) 


HISTORY  OF  alij:<;hi:nv  collkoi-: 

has  served  on  a  luinihei-  of  iniportMiit  iiatioiuil  coiimiiltees, 
being  largely  the  anthor  of  the  jtresenl  riln;il.  Paul  Stnrte- 
vant,  '1)9.  was  formerly  chief  of  the  section  of  the  fraternity, 
which  iucliules  the  Allegheny  Chapter,  having  given  up  the 
office  in  1912.  S.  S.  Manpiis.  '90.  shortly  after  his  graduation, 
was  the  originator  of  one  of  the  fraternity  reform  movemeuts 
which  has  since  been  adoi>ted  universally  by  the  chapters  of 
Phi  Gamma  Delta  as  well  as  the  national  organizalions  of 
most  of  the  other  leading  fraternities. 

Pi  Chapter  is  the  mother  chapter  of  several  others  which 
have  been  founded  by  men  who  have  gone  from  this  to  other 
colleges  either  before  or  after  graduation.  Frederick  C.  Howe 
was  instrumental  in  founding  the  -lohns  Hojtkins  ^Miapter 
while  doing  graduate  work  at  that  school.  ^Milton  W.  Shrevo, 
ex-\SO,  left  Allegheny  after  his  .second  year,  to  found  a  chai>ter 
of  the  fraternity  at  Bucknell.  James  E.  Stid)l)s.  Tm,  one  of  the 
oldest  members  of  the  local  cha])ter.  was  active  in  liaving  a 
chapter  established  at  the  T'niversity  of  Chicago. 

Some  of  the  sons  of  Pi  who  have  come  to  ]>rominence  in  tlie 
affairs  of  the  world  are:  Judge  J.  J.  Henderson  of  the  Su- 
perior Court  of  Peunsylvania.  Judge  J.  W.  Kephart  of  the 
Superior  Court.  Judge  F.  J.  Thomas  of  Meadville,  Hon.  E.  O. 
Hogate,  dean  of  the  Law  School  of  tlie  T'niversity  of  Indiana, 
J.  W.  Kinnear  of  IMttsburgh.  ami  A.  O.  Chapin  of  Erie,  in  th(; 
legal  profession.  In  the  ministry  are  Bisho])  ^f.  C.  Harris  of 
Japau  and  Korea.  Bishoj)  W.  F.  Oldham.  Dr.  A.  C.  Ellis,  assist- 
ant editor  of  the  Pittsbtroii  Ciiiustiax  Advocatk.  Dr  J.  W. 
Miles,  Dr.  T.  H.  AVoodring.  Dr.  J.  1'.  Marlett.  Dr.  J.  AV.  Carey 
of  the  I'ittsburgh  Af.  E.  Conference,  and  Dr.  S.  S.  Marquis, 
dean  of  St.  I'aul's  Cathedral,  Detroit,  Mich. 

Among  physicians  are  Dr.  J.  E.  Stubbs  of  Chicago,  a  writei- 
on  medical  std>jects  and  a  ])r()fess()r  in  Harvey  Medical  College, 
Dr.  E.  B.  Heckel  of  Pittsburgh,  specialist  and  professor  in 
West  T*enn  Medical  College,  and  Dr.  George  Fahr  of  Cierman'^.- 
Tn  business  are  AA'.  N.  Bidge  of  New  York.  John  B.  Ford,  of  De- 
troit, and  Paul  Sturtevant  of  Pittsburgh;  in  literature.  Ste- 
phen Quinon  and  AA'ayne  AA'hi])ple.  and  in  social  service,  F.  C. 
Howe.  T'.  S.  Commissioner  of  Tmmigration. 

F.  G.  Brooks.  '15. 
[  -507  ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 
DELTA  TAU  DELTA 

The  Delta  Tau  Delta  Fraternity  was  founded  in  January, 
1S59,  at  Bethany  College,  West  Virginia.  Four  years  later,  this 
Greek  letter  society  placed  its  Theta  Chapter  in  Allegheny  Col- 
lege. The  circumstances  connected  with  the  founding  of  this 
chapter,  now  the  Alpha,  are  as  interesting  as  they  are  dim. 

A7nong  the  members  of  the  Alpha  Chapter,  then  moved  to 
Jetferson  College,  Canonsburg.  Pa.,  had  been  Robert  Robin- 
son. Sometime  during  the  year  1862  he  met  and  initiated  into 
Delta  Tau  Delta  his  old  boyhood  friend,  R.  G.  Heiner.  Robin- 
son's story  of  Heiner's  initiation  is  a  classic  and  is  given  here : 

"1  had  been  away  from  college  a  year  or  more  when  one  day  R.  G. 
Heiner  approached  me  and  informed  me  he  had  a  notion  to  go  to  Alle- 
gheny College  and  begin  his  studies,  preparatory  to  entering  the  min- 
istry. He  asked  many  questions  about  college  life.  The  fraternity  ques- 
tion came  up,  and  I  thought  it  a  good  chance  to  plant  another  branch  of 
Delta  Tau  Delta.  I  had  e.xplained  everything  to  Alpha  and  must  have 
had  permission  to  hold  an  'open-air  meeting.'  On  whatever  date  it 
occurred,  we  repaired  to  the  hillside,  to  a  point  from  which  we  could 
see  the  greater  part  of  the  town  of  Kittanning — and  1  distinctly  remem- 
ber that  both  his  home  and  mine  were  in  full  view.  His  father  then 
lived  at  the  foot  of  the  hill,  about  three  squares  southward,  whilst  my 
home  was  about  five  miles  west  on  the  bank  of  the  Allegheny  river.  It 
just  occurs  to  me  now  that  a  line  drawn  from  our  location  to  my  home, 
thencj  to  his,  and  from  there  to  the  starting  point,  would  form  almost  a 
perfect  delta.  We  had  no  ritual,  no  regalia,  no  altar,  no  chapter  house. 
The  sun  was  about  going  down,  casting  back  through  the  clouds  that 
golden  mellow  appearance  of  the  late  summer  which  always  makes  one 
feel  cheerful,  to  realize  that  the  heat  of  the  day  is  passed  with  the  pros- 
pect of  a  cool  night.  We  were  there  alone  in  a  quiet  spot,  though  nearly 
every  one  of  two  thousand  inhabitants  of  the  town  could  have  seen  us. 
and  perhaps  many  of  them  did,  never  giving  thought  that  such  an  act  as 
initiating  a  man  into  a  secret  society  was  in  operation.  It  was  done  i.i 
the  full,  open  glare  of  day.  There  never  has  before,  and  never  has  been 
since,  such  an  initiation  into  the  fraternity,  and  I  do  not  suppose  such 
an  occurrence  ever  happened  in  any  other  college  secret  society.  I  gave 
him  the  grip,  sitrn  and  pass-words  with  their  explanations.  After  talking 
for  a  short  time,  we  went  down  the  hill  into  town.  When  we  went  up 
that  hill  there  was  but  one  Delta  in  the  place;  when  we  came  down  there 
were  two.  and  from  the  second  one  has  sprung  'Alpha'." 

Not  niitil  the  si»i-ing  of  L*<r»:>  did  Heiner  begin  to  oruani/.e  a 

[   .-,()S   ] 


HISTOUY'  OF  Al.LEdllKNV   ('()LLi:(JE 

chapter  of  Delta  Tau  Delta  at  Allejj:;lieiiy  (/ollejje.  "I  spoke  to 
several  yonn<;"  men  of  vim  and  character  at  the  collej^e,"  he  says, 
"who  beloiijjfed  to  no  (Ireek  letter  fraternity,  and  an  ai»point- 
nient  was  arranged  for  a  meeting,  which  took  place,  to  the  best 
of  my  recollection,  diiring  April  or  May.  in  a  building  at 
Meadville,  which  stood  about  oi)]>osite  a  house  on  Norlh  Main 
street,  more  recently  occupied  by  Dr.  Loomis.  ]>re8ident  of  the 
college."'  The  men  present  at  this  meeting  he  names  as  Wil- 
liams, Saxton.  Moyer.  ('ooper  and  Boggs.  with  the  possibility 
of  three  or  four  more  whom  he  does  not  remember.  He  also 
speaks  of  them  as  being  initiated  on  this  occasion,  but  since 
the  records  of  the  Jetterson  Ali)ha  give  the  date  of  initiation  of 
the  men  naine<l  as  being  early  in  the  next  year,  it  is  v>i'obable 
that  only  the  organization  took  jdace,  and  that  the  ma  iter  was 
allowed  to  drop  for  the  time  being. 

During  the  summer,  Heiner  joined  the  Union  army  and  did 
not  return  to  college  in  the  fall.  Left  without  a  leader,  the 
movement  did  not  see  much  progress  during  the  first  term  of 
the  year  'G;>-'(U,  but  evidently  all  the  plans  were  laid  for  the 
actual  founding  which  took  place  immediately  after  the  New 
Year.  Williams  ai)parent]y  was  initiated  by  the  Jetferson 
Alpha,  since  the  (bites  of  his  initiation  and  the  giving  of  the 
charter  are  coincident.  Thus  he  became,  in  a  sense,  a  second 
founder  of  the  chapter.  Keturning  to  Meadville,  he  initiated 
during  January  and  early  February.  J.  M.  Cooper.  E.  L.  Boggs, 
^r.  B.  Saxton,  and  S.  J.  Moyer.  These  four,  with  Williams  him- 
self and  Heiner,  may  be  said  to  be  the  charter  niendiers  of  the 
chapt<n'. 

1804-1 ST5 

The  years  from  1SC4  to  1ST5  may  i)roperly  be  called  the 
formative  period  of  the  chapter's  history.  Then  occurred  a 
struggle  for  existence  witli  the  other  two  fi-aternity  chapters 
already  establi.shed.  The  tyi>e  of  men  for  mendtership  was 
detern)ined,  policies  were  fornie<l  and  generally  the  course  of 
the  cha]>ter  in  years  to  follow  molded.  Of  this  ]»eriod.  C.  E. 
Kichmond.  in  his  -ffistori/  of  the  Present  Alpha  Chapter'- ,  1870, 
says : 

[  300  ] 


HI^^TOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY   COLLEGE 

'it  was  about  this  time  that  the  character  of  the  boys  who  should 
be  members  of  our  chapter  was  determined  upon  by  inward  consent, 
and  we  have  endeavored  to  stand  up  to  it  down  to  the  present  day. 
They  did  not  take  in  a  man  simply  because  he  was  a  good  student  and 
stood  a  good  show  for  college  honors,  nor  because  he  wore  good  clothes, 
but  he  must  possess  a  true  manly  heart,  an  equitable  temper,  be  a  fair 
student,  and  a  light-hearted,  merry  good  fellow.  In  fact,  he  must  pos- 
sess all  those  qualities  which  a  man  must  have  before  you  can  say  to 
him,  'brother',  in  the  truest  sense  of  that  word;  and  while  we  may  not 
have  turned  out  those  grinds  who  know  almost  every  Greek  and  Latin 
root  and  nothing  else,  yet  it  has  been  our  main  endeavor  to  send  ou: 
men  who,  in  after  life,  would  be  educated  and  retined  gentlemen." 

It  is  interesting  to  tind  here  in  Iviclimond's  account  also  the 
explanation  of  the  name  ''Choctaws",  which  the  members  of 
this  chapter  traditionally  have  borne.  He  savs:  "In  those 
early  pioneer  days,  the  meetings  of  our  chapter  were  held  in  the 
rooms  of  the  different  fraters.  While  returning  from  one  of 
these  late  one  night,  our  boys  were  singing  some  college  melo- 
dies. A  student  named  'Bloody  Williams'  threw  up  a  window 
sash  and  called  them  H'hoctaws',  which  name  we  bear,  with 
l)ride,  to  the  present  day.-' 

The  first  regular  meeting  place  of  the  chapter  was  the  "hut", 
a  small  wooden  structure  that  for  many  years  stood  on  Center 
Street  between  AVater  and  Market  Streets.  This  was  in  18(57. 
After  two  years,  the  dignity  of  the  chapter  having  ri.'^en  some- 
what, the  place  of  meeting  was  changed  to  the  i);ni()ry  of  tlie 
old  Colt  House,  now  the  Ilalsey  House.  '"The  ])rinci|)al  exer- 
<ise  during  these  meetings,"  says  Richmond,  "was  the  reading 
of  Shakespeare,  and  sometimes  laying  out  the  ]dans  of  warfare 
agaijist  the  other  fraternities,  which  now  had  combined  against 
llicni,  and  it  recpiired  all  the  'Choctaws' '  vim  and  <leTermina- 
lioii  to  hold  their  })osition." 

The  large  event  of  the  first  decade  occun-ed  in  the  sjU'ing 
of  ISO')  when  the  National  Convention  of  the  Fraternity  was 
licld  in  Mcadville  and  the  Allegheny  Chapter  becanu'  connected 
in  a  vital  way  with  the  whole  oi-ganization.  The  oouvention 
was  held  in  the  Colt  Ilonsc  with  I).  H.  Geissingcr  and  .1.  O. 
i'armh'e  delegates  from  Theta.  The  work  of  this  convention 
was  imj»oi-tant.     TIm'  .JcIIcj-som   Alpha   was  i-«'lieved   of  its  an- 

[   -10   1 


iiisToRv  or  ALLi:(Jiii:xY  ('<)Lli:(;k 

Ihority  iuid  tlic  jiovcniiiij;'  ixtwci-  vested  in  tlie  cliaider  at  Ohio 
Wesleyan  riiiversity.  J^y  tliis  shift,  a  chanjie  in  the  nomen- 
clature of  all  the  (•hai)lei-s  was  necessitated,  and  Tlieta  at  Alle- 
gheny thus  became  Delta. 

The  following  winter  saw  the  meeting  ])iace  changed.  This 
time  the  *'Choctaws"  made  their  weekly  rendezvous  the  Occi- 
dental Hotel,  now  tlu'  lieis  House.  At  ComnuMicement  time,  a 
banquet  of  the  cha])ter  was  held  in  the  famous  old  "Mcllenry", 
which  was  known  for  many  years  as  the  finest  hotel  l»etween 
New  York  and  Chicago. 

The  years  1870  to  1S7.">  are  marked  by  but  two  events 
worthy  of  uote,  although  the  cha])ter  was  working  alone  lines 
of  later  constructive  value.  The  one  was  the  founding  by 
James  E.  Silliman  of  a  cha])ter  at  North  ]']ast  Academy.  The 
other  was  the  changing  again  of  the  meeting  jilace,  this  time  to 
rooms  on  the  second  floor  of  the  Kitchen  Block,  on  (^^hestnut, 
near  Park,  the  first  ])ermanent  hea<lquarters  of  the  chapter. 
By  the  efforts  of  the  men  themselves  an<l  the  generosity  of 
friends,  the  rooms  were  fitted  up  in  handsome  club  style. 

Ivichmond  s])eaks  thus  of  the  ])eriod  : 

"The  college  year  of  '73  and  '74  opened  up  with  the  Deltas  of  Delta 
taking  a  most  decided  lead.  The  boys  were  known  as  the  'lively  boys 
of  the  college',  ready  for  fun  upon  the  slightest  provocation,  taking  the 
lead  in  everything  that  required  energy  and  spirit,  always  respecting 
the  faculty,  yet  never  toadying  to  them.  Their  social  qualities,  as  well 
as  their  brilliant  literary  ability,  won  them  friends  and  admirers  among 
the  main  body  of  students.  ■'••  ■•'  "  But  not  only  at  college  and  in  college 
affairs  did  our  boys  take  the  lead,  but  also  in  the  city,  in  social  and 
business  circles  they  became  an  important  factor." 

The  fall  of  '74  brought  an  event  (►f  the  greatest  im]>ortance 
to  the  local  chapter  and  to  the  Fraternity  at  large.  Word  was 
received,  late  in  November,  that  the  Alpha  (Miai)ter,  at  Ohio 
^yesleyan  T'niversity,  had  disbanded  as  an  organization  of 
Delta  Tan  Delta.  Realizing  the  necessity  of  (juick  action  in 
so  critical  a  moment  and  being  the  cha])ter  nearest  to  Delaware. 
Delta  decided  to  send  one  of  her  members  to  the  scene  of  the 
defection.  The  choice  lying  between  -lames  S.  Katon  and 
Frank  M.  IJitezel,  the  former  won  the  toss  of  the  coin  tliat  sent 

[  -'n  ] 


HIt<TORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

him  on  the  errand  through  which  he  became  the  hero  of  the 
Fraternity. 

At  Delaware,  bv  various  means,  he  gained  possession  of  the 
documents  and  paraphernalia  pertaining  to  the  government  of 
Delta  Tau  Delta,  and  upon  his  return  to  Meadville,  Delta 
Chapter  undertook,  with  the  consent  of  the  neighboring  organi- 


"  Modoc  Jim"  F^aton 

zalioiis.  to  manage  tlie  allaii-s  of  the  Fraternitv.  In  th<'  month 
of  May.  1S7.").  tlie  National  Convention  assemhh'd  at  Meadville 
and  foi-mally  constitnted  iJclta  tiic  Alpha.  The  (Jrand  Chaider 
of  the  Delta  Tau  Delta  Fraternity. 

If  the  new  govei-ning  chajtter  containetl  men  of  the  char- 
acter «l('S(iil>(M|  by  K'icjimond.  the  destinies  of  the  Fratei'nity 
had  been  jdaccd  in  s;ife  hands.     And  snch  surely  was  the  case, 


iiisTOKV  OF  allk(}iii:ny  college 

as  the  following  list  will  show:  The  IJev.  .lames  S.  Eaton,  de- 
ceased; Ml*.  Fraidv  M.  Kitezel,  journalist,  Warren,  O. ;  Prof. 
Thomas  D.  Sensor,  Superintendent  of  I'ublie  Instruction  in 
New  Jersey;  Mr.  Lewis  Walker,  manufacturer,  of  Meadville; 
Dr.  J.  A.  Bolard,  IMiiladelphia ;  Judge  L.  L.  Davis,  Pittsburgh; 
Mr.  David  Jameson,  banker.  New  Castle;  Dr.  Charles  IL  Bruce, 
clergyman,  ^Mattewan.  N.  J.;  Mr.  Lowrie  McClurg,  deceased, 
publisher,  Chicago;  ])r.  Charles  B.  Mitchell,  clergyman,  Chi- 
cago. 

iST.viss:]. 

The  Crescent,  the  official  organ  of  Delta  Tau  Delta,  Avas 
also  intrusted  to  Alpha  Chapter  in  1878,  aftei-  the  first  year's 
volume  had  been  published  in  Cincinnati.  A  magazine  of  high 
grade  was  nmintained  at  Meadville  until  1885,  when  the  new 
system  of  fraternity  government  was  adopted.  Some  of  the 
able  editors  were  C.  B.  Mitchell,  C.  E.  Locke,  C.  C.  Sn.sder,  C. 
E.  Bichmond.  H.  AV.  IMummer.  AV.  J.  CJuthrie  and  E.  P.  Cul- 
lum.  AAlien  the  Crescent  became  the  BAixr.ow  of  J 888,  its 
first  editor  was  IMummer  of  Alpha. 

The  Deltas  seemed  to  thrive  under  the  national  responsi- 
bilities and  many  Allegheny  a<-tivities.  closing  1878  with  a 
notable  banquet  to  their  brother,  AA'ill  Carletoii.  the  ])opular 
]»oet.  The  old  l*ost  Office  Block  l)ecame  now  the  chai)ter  meet- 
ing place.  In  the  eight  years  in  which  Alpha  was  the  governing 
power,  the  fraternity  was  safely  tided  over  a  crisis.  The  con- 
vention of  1883  created  an  executive  council  of  alumni,  and 
Alpha  was  honorably  relieved  of  its  extra  duties.  The  leaders 
of  the  period  were  Ju<lge  F.  S.  Chryst.  AA'arren,  O. ;  Dr.  C.  E. 
Locke,  Los  Angeles;  Air.  AV.  AA'.  Shilling,  manufacturer,  Sharon, 
l»a.;  E.  E.  Baldwin.  Es(i..  New  York;  Dr.  E.  AA\  Day,  Pitts- 
burgh; AA\  J.  Guthrie.  Es(i.,  Pittsburgh;  Alajor  F.  J.  Koester, 
AA'ashington  ;  Judge  AV.  E.  Bice.  AVarren,  Pa.;  AA'esley  B.  Best, 
I-]sq..  D.  A.  Gill,  F.  F.  Lii»])itt  and  i:.  P.  Cullum  of  Aleadville. 

188:5-1811!) 

Following  188:*),  the  chapter  qu.ite  naturally  declined  from 
the  prosperity  and  lustre  of  the  period  immediately  preceding. 

[  -1-   ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

The  old  authority  and  dignity  gone,  it  was  hard  for  the  boys  of 
'84:-'8T  to  keep  the  chapter  up  to  the  standard  of  tlieir  prede- 
cessors. By  1888,  however,  tlie  old  spirit  was  awakened  and  in 
the  next  few  years  the  members  were  prominent  in  military, 
music,  literary  society,  Pan-Hellenic  aflfairs  and  the  famed 
college  play,  "Captain  Button."  In  truth,  they  carried  with 
them  the  initiative  that  makes  that  all  important  thing,  "col- 
lege life,"  the  fine  formative  important  thing  that  it  is. 

From  1883  to  1888,  the  Kichmond  Block,  third  floor,  was  the 
liome  of  Delta  Tan  Delta.  In  the  latter  year,  a  venture  was 
made  at  running  a  chapter  house,  the  old  Cullum  homestead 
on  Bandolph  Street  being  taken  for  the  purpose.  This  was  one 
of  the  very  first  occasions  in  the  history  of  the  Fraternity  wheii 
a  chapter  undertook  to  manage  a  house  and  among  the  earliest 
at  Allegheny.  After  two  years,  the  experiment  was  given  up 
and  the  chapter  met  in  the  Post  Office  Building,  the  Kichmond 
Block  and  the  building  opposite  the  Ciiautauqtax. 

During  this  period,  as  in  the  very  earliest  one,  tlie  great 
event  was  a  convention.  In  February,  1805,  the  Eastern  Divi- 
sion Conference  met  in  Meadville.  The  fact  of  most  interest  in 
connection  with  it  was  that  the  "Choctaw  Degree"  was  for  the 
first  time  conferred.  "Choctaws"  had  been  the  name  a])plied  to 
Deltas  at  Allegheny  ever  since  the  earliest  days,  as  has  been 
pointed  out,  but  it  was  not  until  now  that  the  Indian  idea 
was  elaborated  into  its  present  significance.  It  is  now  con- 
ferred biennially  ui)on  mend)ers  of  Al]>ha  Chapter  and  occa- 
sionally u])on  members  of  other  chapters,  among  whom  have 
been  several  national  presidents  or>he  Fraternity  and  other 
])rominent  Deltas.  A  s]>ecially  significant  gold  badge  is  worn 
by  (^Mioctaw  initiates. 

Lowrie  McClurg  of  Alpha  held  the  honored  office  of  na- 
lional  i»resideiit  of  the  Delta  Tan  Delta  from  1888  to  1801  an<l 
John  A.  Bolard  was  national  ritualist.  Alpha  furnished  to  tlie 
fraternity  at  large  the  "walk-ai-ound",  a  single-file  ])rocession 
mai'clu'd  to  a  peculiar  Indian  chant.  It  likewise  supplied  the 
national  Choctaw  yell. 

This  ])eriod  had  been  one  of  transition,  and  it  en<led 
glo(tmily.   TIm'  close  of  the  c(dlege  year  of  '00  saw  the  (iei)arture 

[   -1-^   ] 


nisToRV  OF  Ai>LK(;iiKxv  ('()lij:(;i-: 

of  (he  last  active  member  of  Delta  Tau  Delta.  Hut,  iiotwith- 
staiuliiig  the  iip-aii<l-(lo\vii  chai-aeter  of  this  jj;rou])  of  years,  it 
-svas  not  without  men  who,  dnrinj;-  their  active  meiin)ersliii)  and 
since,  have  "done  things".  The  names  of  a  few  of  them  follow: 
Mr.  Frederick  B.  1 'aimer,  fann)ns  war  corresi»ondent.  New 
York;  Mr.  Arthnr  W.  Thompson,  vice-]>resident,  B.  &  O.  1{.  ]{.; 
Mr.  James  A.  Waketield,  attorney,  Pittsbnrj-h ;  Mr.  -lames  T. 
Petty,  journalist.  New  York ;  Mr.  Kobert  ^[.  Kurtz,  editor.  New 
York;  Mr.  George  O.  Relf,  hotel  manager.  Salt  Lake  City;  Mr. 
Walter  G.  Harper,  contractor,  ^Meadville;  Mr.  .lohn  H.  Mc- 
Closkey,  attorney,  Pittsburgh,  and  Mr.  Archibahl  Irvin,  sales 
manager,  New  York. 

Since  1891) 

But  the  loyal  alumni  of  Alpha  were  busy  about  the  revival 
of  a  vigorous  chapter.  With  H.  A.  Dunn,  Walraven,  Davenport 
and  Fitzgerald  as  a  nucleus,  and  the  addition  of  M.  H.  Dewey 
and  J,  G.  Pentz,  the  renaissance  was  well  begun,  so  that,  by 
1902,  chapter  rooms  were  rente<l  at  Liberty  and  Chestnut. 
Next  a  house  was  rented  at  North  Main,  facing  Loomis,  the 
Bunce  property.  The  chapter  had  (piickly  gaine<l  an  estimable 
place  in  the  fraternity  world  at  Allegheny.  The  progress  was 
not  disturbed  by  the  move  to  the  house  at  the  corner  of  Park 
Avenue  and  Loomis,  which  occurred  in  the  si)ring  of  1900. 

Athletics  had  never  been  neglected,  but  now  a  new  interest 
was  aroused.  On  the  'varsity  teams  there  came  to  be  a  fair 
share  of  Deltas,  some  of  the  best  athletes  of  the  college.  More 
important,  however,  was  the  imi)rovement  in  scholarshij)  in- 
spired by  the  policy  of  the  Fraternity's  })resident.  Colonel 
-lames  B.  Curtis.  Class  room  records  grew  better  until  in 
recent  years  Delta  Tau  Delta  has  been  consistently  among  the 
topmost  in  the  fraternity  scholarship  rating.  The  following 
alumni  have  received  mend>ershij>  in  the  honorary  fraternity  of 
Phi  Beta  Kappa:  -Tolm  A.  Bolard,  '78;  Charles  B.  Mitchell, 
'79:  Charles  E.  Locke,  '80;  H.  L.  Smith,  '04;  ^[.  H.  Dewey,  '0-t; 
F.  T.  Stockton,  '07;  W.  E.  Sheffer,  '12:  K.  .1.  Hall,  ■\:\;  and  P. 
H.  Nichols,  'U. 

Among  the  alumni,  no  man  deserves  more  credit  than  Mr. 

[  315  ] 


HI^^TOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY   COLLEGE 

E.  1*.  Culhiiu  of  Meadville  for  the  present  prosperity  of  Alpha 
Chapter  of  Delta  Tan  Delta.  Two  facnlty  men,  W.  Branch 
Rickey,  dnring  1004:  and  1005,  and  l*rof.  Frank  C.  Lockwood, 
since  his  coming  to  Allegheny  in  1002  as  English  professor  to 
the  present  time,  have  given  invalnable  aid  also.  With  these 
men  from  the  ontside,  sncli  leaders  in  the  chapter  as  Malcolm 
I  )ewey,  Pentz,  Chnrch,  H.  L.  Smith,  H.  J.  Stockton,  F.  T.  Stock- 
ton, Cappean,  Russell,  Mould  and  Baker  brought  the  chapter  to 


Delta  Tau  Delta  House 

a  thriving  condition  in  1010.  They  had  put  every  efl'ort  to  the 
task,  and  tliey  received  tlieir  reward.  In  January  of  that  year, 
there  was  purchased,  through  the  alumni,  for  a  chapter  house, 
tlie  stately  and  famous  old  "Dick  Mansion"  on  Highland 
A\enue.  With  the  dream  of  almost  a  lialf-century  realized, 
this  history  finds  a  tilting  close.  Alplia  Chai)ter  of  Delta  Tau 
Delta  today  is  in  a  fhmi-isliing  condition,  scholastically.  socially 
and  iinancially,  with  the  pi-opect  of  a  future  career  as  bright, 
if  not  brightei-,  tliaii  that  of  any  period  in  its  ])ast. 

H.  L.  Aski:y,  'IT,. 
[  'JK^'  ] 


HISTORY   OF   AI.LE(JI1KNY   COLLEGE 
PHI   HKLTA  THETA 

Until  1ST9,  there  were  l)ut  tlirec!  Oreek  Letter  frater-iities  in 
Allegheny  College,  Init  the  steady  jirogress  of  Ihe  institution 
under  the  administration  of  J 'resident  Bugbee  and  the  conse- 
quent increase  in  the  nnndier  of  students  brought  to  pass  the 
conditions  out  of  which  arose  a  strong  demand  for  a  new  fra- 
ternity. This  opportunity  was  recognized  and  a  group  of  men 
united  in  a  movement  which  finally  crystallized  into  a  chai)ter 
of  Phi  Delta  Theta. 

The  leader  of  this  movement  was  J]mory  Alden  Nelson,  'ID, 
now  a  Presbyterian  clergyman  in  New  York.  The  idea  of  Phi 
Delta  Theta  was  suggested  to  him  by  the  Kev.  A.  T.  McGogney, 
an  alumnus  of  Wooster  University.  Nelson  then  enlisted  H.  C. 
Hawkins,  '82,  in  the  cause,  and  by  the  first  of  A])ril  their  num- 
ber was  swelled  to  fifteen  men,  who  then  aj^plied  for  a  charter. 
That  much  planning  had  ensued  before  this  end  was  reached, 
there  can  be  no  doubt,  but  finally  the  preliminary  work  was 
done  and  the  time  came  for  final  action. 

A]»])lication  was  made 
to  tlie  National  Grand 
Chapter  which  was  at 
that  time  Pennsylvania 
Al]»]ia.  located  at  Lafay- 
ette College,  Easton,  Pa. 
After  a  long  delay,  due, 
as  was  afterward  ex- 
plained by  the  grand  sec- 
retary, to  the  large  num- 
ber of  api)lications,  the 
charter  arrived.  For  a 
college  of  less  than  two 
liundred  students  and 
liaving  already  three 
strong  chapters,  the 
gaining  of  a  fourih  char- 
ter was  soniewhat  un- 
usual. 


W.   Miner.  'HI. 


[  :51T  ] 


HIl^iTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

The  charter  of  Pemisylvania  Delta  is  dated  May  8,  1870,  and 
••constitutes  E.  A.  Xelsou,  1).  W.  Robinson,  J.  AY.  Kahle,  W. 
Bowser.  H.  C.  Hawkins,  A.  1).  Collins,  D.  C.  O'Conner,  E.  W. 
Peck.  AY.  G.  AA^arner.  A.  J.  Loomis,  J.  A.  A'auce,  O.  R.  Thomas. 
AA'.  F.  Conipton.  C.  AA".  Aliner,  and  E.  S.  Blair  and  their  suc- 
cessors as  the  Pennsylvania  Delta  Chapter  and  entrusts  to 
them  the  guardianship  of  the  interests  of  IMii  Delta  Theta  in 
Allegheny  College." 

Of  the  installation  of  the  chapter.  J.  A.  A'ance  says,  ••AA'e 
were  all,  except  Bros.  Bowser  and  O'Conner,  initiated  in  the 
parlor  of  the  Commercial  Hotel,  now  the  Lafayette,  on  the  oOtli 
of  May,  Decoration  Day.  1871).  Strange  thoughts  had  we  on 
that  occasion.  The  one  which  would  frequently  climb  to  the 
top  in  my  brain  was  how  one  man  was  going  to  induct  thir- 
teen others  into  the  mysteries  of  Phi  Delta  Theta.  Brother  J. 
A.  Langfitt.  of  AYashington  and  Jetferson  College,  AYashington, 
Pa.,  was  the  man.  and  right  well  did  he  discharge  the  duty." 
The  charter  mend>ers  of  the  chapter  were  representative  men, 
studious,  social  and  broad. 

The  new  chapter  pro.spered  and  was  soon  enabled  to  take  a 
worthy  place  among  the  Greek  Letter  fraternities  of  the  col- 
lege. Only  two  or  three  meetings  and  a  banquet  were  held  be- 
fore the  college  year  closed,  but  during  that  time  the  chapter 
became  firmly  established.  Shortly  after  its  installation  in 
Allegheny,  its  name  was  changed  to  Pennsylvania  Epsilon,  but 
the  Delta  Chapter  was  returned  again,  however,  probably 
shortly  after  the  dissolution  of  the  original  Pennsylvania  Delta 
at  Lehigh  L'niversity. 

For  tlie  first  few  years  of  its  existence,  I'ennsylvania  Delta, 
according  to  the  prevailing  custom  among  fraternities  here, 
held  its  meetings  each  week  in  rented  rooms  in  the  down-town 
section.  I'j)  until  ])ec.  11,  1880,  the  chapter  occupied  a  room 
in  the  old  Commercial  Hotel,  but  at  this  time  it  nu>ved  to 
rooms  in  the  McHeiiry  House.  On  Feb.  ,">,  1881.  the  (•]ia])ter 
moved  again,  tliis  time  tf)  tlie  tliii'd  fioor  of  the  Afagaw  Bhuk 
on  the  corner  of  AYatei-  an<l  Chestnut  Streets.  During  their 
stay  hei-e.  we  have  no  record  of  any  occui-rences  of  iiistorical 

[  ::i8  1 


HISTOKV  OF  ALLi:(JHKNV   ('()LLK(JK 

importance  in  the  cliaptci-  itself,  but  in  'SH  President  JJu<^l)ee 
was  replaced  by  J'lesideiit  J).  II.  Wheeler. 

In  October  of  'S.'>,  another  move  was  made  b,v  the  i  hajtter, 
this  time  to  the  meeting;-  room  of  the  Ivni<;hts  of  Pyihias,  on 
the  third  lioor  of  the  Post  Ottice  Buildin^f.  on  the  corner  of 
l*ark  Avenue  and  Chestnut  Street.  A  little  later  they  secured 
the  room  of  the  Koyal  Arcaniim  in  the  Phoenix  Block.  The 
cliapter  seemed  dissatistied  with  this  jdan  of  rentinj;  a  room 
for  one  niglit  a  week,  however,  an<l  so,  in  ISSJ),  thev  moved  to 
the  Kitchen  Block,  on  Water  Street,  where  they  occupied  the 
whole  of  the  second  floor.  These  rooms  were  furnishe<l  accord- 
ing to  their  own  tastes  and  resiilted  in  a  much  more  attractive 
liomelike  place. 

It  was  Avhile  they  were  occupying  these  rooms  that  the 
members  of  I'ennsylvania  Delta  entertaine<l  their  first  conven 
tion.  In  the  fall  of  1S1>4,  the  Alpha  Province  Convention  was 
held  in  Meadville  and  the  gathering  of  delegates  from  many 
chapters  proved  an  inspiration  to  the  young  chajtter  at  Alle- 
gheny, giving  added  impetus  to  its  ]>i-ogress.  In  lSl>r>.  moving 
time  came  along  again,  and  after  a  short  stay  in  rooms  of  a 
Chestnut  Street  block,  the  chai»ter  secured  a  house  at  :>!'>  AV. 
College  Street  and  resided  there  for  a  cou])le  of  years. 

In  1807,  the  chapter  found  permanent  (pnirters  when  it 
moved  into  the  house  on  the  i>resent  site,  W'2  Highland  Avenue. 
It  was  so  well  pleased  with  this  house  and  grounds  that  in 
1902  the  property  was  jiurchased  and  became  in  reality  the  Phi 
Delta  Theta  House.  It  is  a  noteworthy  fact  that  Phi  Delta 
Theta  was  the  first  of  the  fraternities  in  Allegheny  to  own  a 
chapter  house.  Since  it  will  clear  the  debt  and  burn  the  mort- 
gage in  June  of  this  Centennial  year,  it  will  also  be  the  first 
to  free  its  i)roperty  of  debt  and  leave  it  absolutely  unencum- 
bered. In  1909,  Pennsylvania  Delta  made  another  "first"  move 
when  a  cottage  was  built  on  the  fraternity  grounds,  in  the 
rear  of  the  house,  for  the  accommodation  of  the  matron  and 
her  help,  thus  leaving  the  members  (»f  the  fraternity  in  com- 
plete possession  of  the  house  after  the  evening  meal. 

Having  given  an  account  of  the  founding  of  the  chai)ter  and 
its  establishment  in  ])eniiaiient  (piarters.  something  retnains  to 


Hr^^TORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

be  said  of  its  persouiiel  and  the  j^art  that  it  has  played  iu  the 
activities  of  the  college.  In  the  thirty-six  years  of  Pennsyl- 
vania Delta,  two  hundred  and  seventy-four  men  have  been 
initiated  into  her  mysteries.  Of  these,  one  hundred  and  sixty- 
two  received  their  diplomas  from  Allegheny  and  two  hundred 
and  sixty  are  still  living.  Most  of  these  men  have  since  taken 
an  active  part  in  their  respective  communities,  and  the  influ- 
ence of  a  great  many  of  them  has  extended  much  beyond  their 
immediate  environment.  8ome  of  the  most  prominent  alumni 
who  have  "made  good"  in  the  world  are: 


5^ 

^ 

1 

-jf 

3 

1 

^ 

^ 

\ 

i 

iJHK 

Bp^^5%^lil 

B 

m 

•^S^^ 

'^ 

■•'■■  x.-J,.  . 

■.•*s- 

Phi  Delta  Theta  House 

G.  W.  Miner,  LSSl,  A.  M.,  1).  1)..  District  SuiHM-intendent  of 
Ihe  ^r<*1hodist  Episcopal  Ghurch. 

K.  K.  IJoss,  18S:J,  A.  ^r..  General  Manager,  J)odd,  Mead  &  Co. 

Alexander  Vance,  1SS:{,  A.  M.,  D.  1).,  Kector  St.  Andrew's 
iMinrch,  Pittsburgh.  Pa. 

G.  P.  Lynch,  ISSG,  Ph.  1)..  Superintendent  of  Schools,  Lake- 
Avood.  ( )liio. 

T.  G.  P.laisdell.  1SS8.  Pji.  1)..  T»resident  Alma  Gcdlege,  Alma, 
Midi. 

AV.  A.  i:ili<)tt,  ISSl).  L.  II.  1)..  Professor  of  Greek,  Allegheny 
<'ollcg('.  AFeadville,  Pa. 


[  :\2()  ] 


HISTOKV  OF   ALLKdHKNV   ('()LIJ:(J1-: 

C.  F.  Koss,  1S<)1,  A.  M.,  Bnullcy  ri-ofcssur  of  J.atiii,  Alle- 
<>luMiy  Collej'e,  Mcadvillc,  I'a. 

(\  A.  IVffer,  1,S!)L'.  A.  P...  N'icc-I'n'siiUMit  i:(M!i)atli  Lyceum 
]^ureau,  New  Yoik.  N.  V. 

Artlinr  Staples,  Ls;>4,  A.  M..  I).  I).,  Methodist  l^itiseopal 
<-lerj»:yinaii,  Wilkinsl)ui-<;\  I'a. 

W.  (\  Swearer,  1S!».~),  A.  M.,  IJ.  D.,  Metluxlist  i:i»iscoi)al  Mis- 
sionary, Kong-ju,  Korea. 

AV.  .1.  Lowstuter,  ISKS,  IMi.  J).,  IM-ofessor  in  Ilitf  Theological 
School,  Denver,  Colo. 

D.  B.  Casteel,  181);),  IMi.  J).,  Assistant  Professor  of  Biology, 
University  of  Texas,  Austin,  Tex. 

E.  F.  rhillips,  180!),  I'h.  I).,  Apiarist,  Bureau  of  Ento- 
mology, U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture,  Washington,  D.  C. 

R.  H.  Motten,  1001.  A.  B.,  Professor  of  English,  Colorado 
College,  Colorado  Springs. 

R.  G.  Freeman,  1004,  A.  M.,  D.  D.,  Presbyterian  Clergynuiu, 
I'asadeua,  Cal. 

H.  K.  Harper,  1010,  A.  B.,  Instruct(u-  Boston  Theological 
School,  Boston,  Mass. 

]*ennsylvania  Delta  has  always  had  in  the  cha])ter  men  of 
thorough  scholastic  ability  and  as  evidence  of  this  she  has  to 
show  a  list  of  twenty-six  men  who  have  been  honored  by  elec- 
tion to  the  Phi  Beta  Kappa  Society.  They  are :  Alexander 
\'ance  '8:5,  C.  1».  Lynch  '80,  F.  M.  Kerr  '88,  AV.  A.  l^lliott  'SO,  R. 
AA'.  Elliott  '00,  F.  (}.  Stubbs  '00,  (\  F.  Ro.ss  '01,  R.  AA'.  Darragh 
'0:{,  J.  AV.  Campbell  '0:5,  Arthur  Sta])les  '!)4.  Paul  AVeyand  '08, 
D.  B.  Casteel  '00,  E.  F.  IMiillips  '0!),  T.  T.  Allen  '02,  R.  0.  Free- 
nmn  '04,  L.  AA\  Swanson  '00,  Stanley  Bright  '07,  C.  T.  Greer 
'08,  P.  P.  I'arsons  '00,  Frederic  Bright  '10,  S.  L.  Maxwell  '10, 
AA'.  F.  Dalzell  '12,  H.  .].  AVieler  'l.l,  O.  C.  McLean  '1^,  J.  R. 
AlacGowan  '14,  V.  F.  Barackmau  '14. 

It  is  not  as  a  cha])ter  of  grinds,  however,  that  IVnnsylvania 
Delta  has  established  itself  in  Allegheny,  but  as  a  group  of 
all-around  men  and  a  glance  at  the  following  statistics  taken 
from  the  college  year-books  since  1880  will  suttice  to  show  this: 
Nine  uieu  have  received  Senior  Six.  Twenty-two  men  have 
represented   Allegheny  in   intercollegiate  debate  and   oratory. 

[  :5-^l  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLECIHENY   COLLEGE 

wliile  live  liave  won  the  Wakefield  oratorical  contest.  Forty 
seven  men  have  rejiresented  the  chapter  on  the  musical  clubs, 
and  eleven  IMii  Delts  have  led  the  Glee  Club.  It  has  had 
eight  editors-in-chief  of  the  Campis,  six  of  the  Kaldrox.  and 
one  of  the  Litkrary  Moxtiily.  Nine  of  the  presidents  of  the 
Y.  M.  C.  A.  have  been  niend)ers  of  I'ennsylvania  Delta.  Ath- 
letics have  also  received  a  good  degree  of  attention.  There 
have  been  six  baseball  captains,  three  track  captains,  two  foot- 
ball captains,  and  in  the  twenty  years  of  basketball  in  Alle- 
gheny, eleven  basketball  cai)tains.  Tennis  has  not  been  an 
intercollegiate  sport  for  many  years,  but  since  it  has  been 
Delta  had  nine  'varsity  representatives.  In  dranuttics.  l*hi 
Delta  Theta  has  also  been  active,  and  since  the  establishment 
of  the  Duzer  Du  Dramatic  Society,  in  1!)10.  twelve  men  have 
been  elected  from  the  chapter.  These  facts  furnish  ample  proof 
of  the  statement  that  Pennsylvania  Delta  of  IMii  Delta  Theta  is 
a  well-rounded  cha]>ter.  of  benefit  not  only  to  the  mend>ers 
themselves,  who  enjoy  the  fraternal  life  in  the  House,  but  also 
to  the  college  which  ])rofits  by  the  incentive  offered  to  the  nuMn- 
bers  of  the  chai)ter  to  strive  to  maintain  the  standard  set  by 
the  men  who  have  left  their  records  as  constant  reminders  of 
the  aims  and  ideals  of  the  fratei-nity. 

John  BRuarr,  '1."). 

SIGMA  ALPHA  EPSILON 

If  one  had  been  with  eleven  students  of  Allegheny  College  on 
the  evening  of  March  1.  1SS7.  he  would  have  bad  no  thought  of 
cold  winds  or  the  sidlen  skies  of  the  season.  Kather.  the 
hilarity  which  jtervaded  the  atnH»s]>here  suggested  something 
(|uite  to  the  contrary.  ^Vhaf  excitement  there  was  that  after- 
noon when  the  |»ostnnin  brought  a  let  lei*  having  in  the  U]>i)er 
cornel*:  "Keturn  in  live  days  to  Sigma  Alpha  lOpsilon  Fra- 
tei-nity.  Atlanta.  (Jeorgia."  IIow  (juickly  did  eager  hands  tear 
o]»en  the  envelope!  Y<'s.  theic  it  really  was,  a  chartei"  from 
Sigma  Al|»ha  lOjtsilon!  It  was  no  longer  a  hope  and  a  dream, 
but  an  actual  fact.  Pennsylvania  Omega  of  Sigma  Aljtha 
l>|»silon  was  really  here,  and  heic  to  stay. 

Tlie  eh'\('n  men  who  weie  the  charter  nnMnbers  of  I'ennsyl- 

r  :\-2-2  1 


IIISTOKV   OF  ALLIOdllKXV   COIJ.Kdl-: 

vjuiia  Oincj^a  had  orjiaiii/^cd  tlicnisclvcs  to^ctluT  lor  imitual 
iinprovciiiciit  in  ISS.").  Tlicy  cliosc  to  he  dcsifiiiatcd  by  tlic  name 
Tsay  ()<)  Fow.  thus  hcinj;  a  (Icrnian  lettci-  society.  The  chib 
did  not  remain  stationary,  but  j;re\v  and  i)ros|)ere(l ;  it  was  not 
nejjjleeted  or  disregarded  by  the  otlier  fraternities,  but  instead, 
it  held  a  vital  position  in  collef^e  life.  In  many  ways  it  was 
treated  jjraetically  as  a  national  orjiani/atiini,  the  name  oidy 
being  lacking.  This  was  especially  true  in  social  circles,  for 
when  rece]>tions  wei-e  lield  by  one  fraternity  for  tlie  others, 
Tsay  Oo  Fow  Soci<My  was  also  invited.  Thus  it  was  only  a  step 
from  a  local  society  to  a  national  organization. 

On  March  .">,  1SS7.  the  infant  cha|»ter  Pennsylvania  Omega 
was  launched  on  its  journ<'v.  Messrs.  .John  H.  Focht  and  Wil- 
liam S.  O'Xeil.  of  Ohio  Sigma.  Mount  Union  College,  initiatcnl 
as  charter  nuMubers  the  following  men  : 

A.  L.  Boush,  of  Meadville,  '88;  F.  II.  ^NlcQuiston,  of  Saeger- 
town,  -88;  AV.  M.  Sackett.  of  Meadville.  '88;  S.  A.  Tomes,  of 
Pittsburgh.  '88;  W.  d.  Booth,  of  Meadville.  *!»();  W.  II.  Marshall, 
of  liartsiown.  '1)1  ;  1).  AV.  ('am]».  of  Aleadville.  'HI  ;  d.  T.  Odell. 
of  Meadville.  '01;  (\  L.  Sherwood,  of  rand»ridge.  '!)!  :  (\  H. 
Bownmn,  of  Springboro,  '!)1,  and  D.  E.  AVolfe,  of  Bradford,  '1)1. 

These  men  at  once  realized  the  resi)onsibility  which  they 
had  assumed,  and  they  spared  no  ]»ains  in  attempting  to  make 
the  chapter  all  that  a  cha]»ter  should  be.  They  did  not  expect 
to  find  a  royal  road  to  success.  They  knew  that  it  was  not 
child's  i)lay  to  start  a  cha]>ter  that  would  last,  since  there  were 
already  four  old  and  well  established  national  fraternities  rep- 
resented at  Allegheny.  As  was  e])igi-ammatically  stated  in  an 
eaidy  chapter  letter.  "A  kite  rises  against  the  wind,  not  with  it; 
0])]>osition  is  the  vestibule  of  success;  and  those  who  labor  and 
strive,  spin  gold.'' 

AAlien  the  year  188(1-87  was  over,  the  infant  cha]tter  felt 
that  it  had  grown  considerably  in  strength  and  in  intluence. 
It  lived  in  a  handsome  suits  of  rooms  in  the  Delamater  Block, 
Avhicli  is  the  present  Lafayette  Block.  It  had  nmde  its  debut 
in  social  circles  by  giving  a  rece])tion  to  the  other  fraternities 
here  represented.  One  new  addition  had  been  made  to  the 
gronp  in  Mr.  Charles  O.  Lindsay,  of  Jamestown.  N.  Y.     Thus 

[  :\:i:)  ] 


Hlt^TORY  OF  ALLEGHENY   COLLEGE 

tlieie  were  twelve  men  who.  in  tlie  early  summer  of  1887.  left 
Allegheny,  with  changed  ideals.  They  had  tasted  of  the  joys 
of  friendshij)  nnder  new  bonds. 

In  the  fall  of  '87.  eleven  loyal  Sig-Alphs  returned,  full  of 
enthusiasm.  They  had  visited  the  shrine  of  Minerva,  and  she 
had  dropped  coals  of  tire  on  their  hearts.  Earnestly  they  strove 
to  carry  high  the  standards  of  their  fraternity  and  to  be  worthy 
of  the  ])ur])le  and  gold.  Tluit  they  were  most  oi)timistic,  is 
shown  by  the  words  of  A.  L.  Boush.  of  the  ("lass  of  '88.  who 
Avrote:  "The  future  outlook  is  bright  and  promising;  the 
(louds  of  <larkness,  which  first  overhung  and  shrouded  our 
horizon.  I  am  overjoyed  to  say.  are  breaking  and  through  them 
we  are  able  to  see  a  l)right  and  glorious  future;  and  to  hold  in 
antici])ation  the  time  when  Pennsylvania  Omega  shall  take  the 
first  rank  among  the  college  fraternities  represented  at  dear 
old  Alleglieny.'' 

Tliese  men  worked  hard  and  carried  otf  their  share  of  honors 
for  the  fraternity.  The  following  paragraph  appears  in  an 
early  chapter  letter:  "Considering  the  brevity  of  our  chapter's 
existence,  we  are  ])roud  to  report  that  the  turbulent  stream  of 
college  life  bears  a  bark  so  richly  laden  with  honors  for  Sigma 
Alpha  Epsilon."  The  following  houcus  were  held  by  Sigs: 
Senior  Class  orator.  Senior  Class  historian,  literary  editor  of 
the  college  magazine,  two  ranking  cajdains  in  Allegheny  Col- 
lege corps  of  cadets,  and  two  ranking  first  lieutenants.  Early 
in  the  autumn,  the  mystic  veil  was  raised  to  three  new  men. 
Later  in  the  year.  Mr.  Charles  C.  Freeman  was  initiated.  Mr. 
Freeman  has  been  a  credit  both  to  his  fraternity  and  to  his 
(•(dlege.  winning  the  IMii  Heta  Iva]»]>a  key.  and  now  being  the 
jtrofessor  of  chemistry  and  Dean  of  AVestminster  College.  He 
is  also  a  member  of  the  American  Chemical  Society,  A.  A.  A.  S. 

In  tiie  fall  of  'SU.  ten  Sig-Aljihs  returned  to  college  with 
new  phms.  Since  the  other  fiaternities  occui>ied  cha])ter  houses, 
it  was  dne  Sigma  Ali)ha  lCi»silon  that  Tennsylvania  Omega 
shonld  have  a  home.  Conse(|uently,  these  ten  men  began  the 
fall  term  with  this  ideal  ever  before  them.  They  i-nshed  and 
initiated  live  men  within  tlie  tirst  six  weeks.  After  such  an 
achievement,  they  felt  entitle<l   to  a   house.     So  an   attractive 

[   -^4    ] 


lIlSTOIfV   OF  ALLKdllKNV   (H)\A.VA\K 

lionic  (Ml  TcM-i-iicc  Sli-ccI  wjis  rented  jiiid  runiislicd.  Only  then 
were  the  advnntjiiics  of  Triilernity  life  fnlly  rciilized.  Fnrther- 
more,  this  ventui-e  ]>i-oved  to  he  a  valuahh*  aid  in  ol»tainin^  j^ood 
men;  at  the  (dose  of"  the  spring-  term  IJie  ciiapter  consisted  of 
twenty  men.  Xnnd»eriii«i  amon«;-  its  nnmbers  some  of  tlie  best 
men  in  coUeiic.  Pennsylvania  Onu'j^a  was  hej'inninji-  to  ^row 
strong'.  One  of  tlie  ontstandin^'  names  of  tliat  year's  roil  is 
that  of  Herbert  William  Kand,  of  IFarvard.  then  of  Oil  (Mty. 
Ml-.  IJand  received  his  A.  B.  dej-ree  from  Alh'jiheny  in  1S!H'.  In 
1S!>S  he  received  his  Master's  decree  from  Har\ai-d.  and  in  1900 
his  I'll.  I).,  and  in  reco<;nition  of  his  ability,  was  elected  to  tlie 
Assistant  frofessorsliij)  of  Zoolo<;y  in  the  I'niversity.  lie  is 
also  a  member  of  the  American  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences 
and  of  the  Ameri<-an  Society  of  Zoolojiists. 

On  October  G,  1800,  there  was  initiat<Ml  into  Pennsylvania 
Omefi'a  the  man  who  has  doiu'  more  for  his  chai»ter  than  any 
other  sin<»le  member,  Kobert  liruce  Oamble,  of  Meadville.  Dr. 
Gamble  has  faithfnlly  stood  by  Pennsylvania  Ome^a  in  times 
of  diiticnlty  as  well  as  of  ])rosi»erity.  To  him  in  a  larji'e  measure 
belon«;s  the  credit  of  haviiij;'  nnide  by  nntirin*;  eiVorts  the 
chapter  what  it  is  today.  AVhen  Dr.  (lamble  was  j;radnated 
from  Allegheny,  he  entered  the  ^ledical  De[)artinent  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Buffalo.  From  there  he  Avas  gradnated  in  1800. 
Since  then  he  has  lived  in  Meadville,  where  he  has  bnilt  u\)  as 

a  ])hysician  and  snrgeon  an  excellent 
]>ractice.  At  the  outbreak  of  the 
S]>anisli-Aiiierican  War.  Dr.  (^lamble. 
who  was  Captain  (landde  of  the  Na- 
tional (Jnard  of  Pennsylvania,  went 
to  the  front  with  his  com]>any.  He 
]»roved  to  be  the  same  sort  of  a  soldier 
that  he  was  a  doctor,  and  his  i-aidcin^^ 
was  soon  changed  from  captain  to 
major.  But  he  is  a  major  no  longer, 
for  it  is  now  Coloiud  (lamble  avIio  is 
giving  a  part  of  his  life  to  his  frater- 
nity and  to  the  "'boys  on  the  liill". 
Every  chai)ter  of  ev(M-y  fraternity 


Dr.  R.  B.  Gamble 


Hlt^TOKY  OF  ALLEGHI':NY  (^OLLEdE 

lias  its  lips  and  downs,  aud  Pennsylvania  Onie<»a  ol'  >>ignia 
Alpha  Epsilon  has  not  been  an  exception.  One  of  its  "downs" 
was  in  '01.  The  storm,  which  had  been  brewing  for  some  time, 
broke  upon  the  chapter  in  that  year.  Seven  members  were  ex- 
pelled. However,  the  sun  does  not  always  remain  behind  the 
clouds,  and  upon  its  reappearance,  the  chapter  took  a  new 
lease  of  life.  It  was  like  a  rosebush  sending  forth  new  shoots 
which  had  to  be  pruned  back  in  order  that  it  might  develop 
more  symmetrically  and  better  proportioned.  Pruned  back  as 
she  was,  Pennsylvania  Omega  was  able  to  take  a  firmer  foot- 
hold. Her  roots  extended  deep  down  into  the  roots  of  college 
life  so  that  she  could  not  be  uprooted  by  storm  winds  of  any 
sort.    In  a  short  time,  she  was  again  liappih'  prosperous. 

The    following    year,    Pennsylvania    Omega    made    herself 
known   throughout   the   whole  fraternity   by   contributing   an 
addition  to  the  fraternity  yell.     The  fraternity  at  first  used : 
"Pull  rah .'  ruh  rah  !  ruh  rah  ree  I 
Euh  rah !  ruh  rah  !  S.  A.  E  .'" 

To  this  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  Chapter  had  added  : 
"Phi  Alpha  Alicazeel 
IMii  Alpha  Alicazon  I 
Sigma  Al])ha,  Sigma  Alpha  I 
Sigma  Ali)ha  Ejjsilon  I'' 
At  the  1802  convention,  the  Pennsylvania  Omega  boys  ap- 
l>eared  with  the  further  contribution: 
"Rah  I  rah  1  Bon  ton  I 
Sigma  Alpha  Epsilon  I'' 

The  convention  a])proved  of  it,  and  it  was  used  during  the 
session.  Eventually,  all  three  yells  were  combined,  and  the 
national  yell  of  Sigma  Alpha  E])silon  today  begins  with  the 
Ohio  AVesleyan  yell.  f()llowe«l  l)y  the  Pennsylvania  Omega  yell 
i'epeale(l  twice,  and  concludes  with  the  original  fraternity  yell. 

In  IS!)."),  Pennsylvania  had  the  good  fortune  of  nundtering 
among  its  new  meinbers  I'"'i-(Mlerick  Stcjthen  l^rced.  While  in 
college,  he  held  a  \ital  jtlace  in  college  life,  and  upon  gradua- 
tion, he  was  elected  to  IMii  l>eta  Kappa.  The  following  year  he 
recei\('d    his    Mnslei-'s   degr<'e    fi-om    llarvai^l    University.      In 

[   -'^^^   1 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLE(JI1EXY  COLLECiE 

11)05,  lie  was  ivcallcd  by  his  Alma  Malcr  to  acc('i)t  the  i)rinei- 
palslii])  of  the  rrei)araloi-y  Scliool.  Aldeii  Aca«l(Miiy.  Three 
years  later  lie  was  elected  Assistant  j'rofessor  of  ICdiK-ation  in 
the  University  of  Michi<;an,  which  position  he  still  holds. 

It  was  also  in  1805  that  Sijiiiia  Ali)ha  Epsilon  was  signally 
recognized  at  Allegheny  College  by  (Jovernor  William  II.  Mc- 
Kinley.  When  this  loyal  Sigma  Alpha  JOjisilon  and  son  of 
Allegheny,  who  was  later  to  become  I*resident  of  the  United 
States,  delivered  an  address  to  the  graduating  class  of  the 
college,  although  he  might  have  worn  various  other  honorable 
emblems,  he  chose  to  wear  only  the  purple  and  gold  of  his 
fraternity. 

The  further  progress  of  the  chapter  was  rapid  until  the  out- 
break of  the  Spanish-American  War,  in  1897-98,  when  several 
active  members  left  college  and  went  to  the  front.  But  even 
though  the  number  of  active  men  was  depleted,  the  usual  num- 
ber of  college  honors  were  held  by  Sigs.  From  1898  forward, 
the  chapter  continued  to  grow  and  prosper.  It  had  passed 
through  the  early  stages  of  evolution  and  it  had  soundly  estab- 
lished its  place  among  the  other  national  fraternities  at  Alle- 
gheny. Although  some  years  have  been  perhaps  more  properous 
than  others,  yet  since  1897  there  has  been  no  time  when  the 
condition  of  Pennsylvania  Omega  has  been  alarming.  Those 
precarious  periods  have  passed  forever,  and  today  the  chapter 
occupies  a  position  established  only  by  hard  work  and  the  untir- 
ing efforts  of  the  active  men  and  the  interested  alumni. 

During  the  first  twenty-two  years  of  its  existence,  Pennsyl- 
vania Omega  occupied  successively  six  different  houses.  Their 
first  house,  after  leaving  their  suite  in  the  Delamater  Block, 
was  on  Terrace  Street,  near  Kandolph ;  from  there  they  moved 
to  what  is  now  the  Armory,  on  the  Diamond ;  next  they  occu- 
])ied  a  residence  on  Kandolph  Street;  and  their  next  home  was 
on  Park  Avenue.  This  residence  the  chapter  occujiied,  with 
the  exception  of  a  couple  of  months  in  the  spring  of  1903,  when 
they  temporarily  rented  a  house  on  Walnut  Street,  from  Janu- 
ary, 1903,  until  March,  1909.  In  September,  1907,  the  alumni 
of  the  chapter  purchased  a  plot  of  ground  on  North  ^[ain 
Street,  between  Looniis  and  Sherman  Streets,  just  opiiosite  the 

[  -^27  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHP:NY  COLLEGE 

lower  end  of  the  c-uiipiis  on  North  Main  Street.  There  they 
erected  a  modern  frame  biiihling  for  the  occiii)ation  of  the 
active  chapter,  and  at  hist  ] Pennsylvania  Ome^a  had  a  liome 
of  her  own.  To  Dr.  li.  B.  Gamble,  Ben.  II.  Williams.  J.  A. 
Gibson,  Fred  S.  Breed,  and  Andrew  G.  Williams,  of  the  tthapter 
alnnini;  G.  H.  Bowman,  of  Ohio  Simna,  and  I'rofessor  Charles 


Sigma  Alpha  F^psilon  House 

•I.  JJn.i>.  of  Coh)rado  Zela.  in  a  larji'e  measnre  belonjis  t!ie  credit 

for  establishing-  I'ennsylvania  Oniejia  in  Ikm-  new  home. 

I)niin<i  (he  t wenty-eijiht  years  of  its  existence,  I'ennsylvania 

()irie<ia  has  initiated  two  hundred  thii-ty-seven  men  into  Si<>'ma 

Alpha  lOpsilon.  ,,    ,,    ,,  .,_ 

K.   r.  KoKiii.KK.    1.). 

ALPHA  CHI  kH() 

In  the  lattei-  jtart  of  May.  l'.)(>4.  .lohn  K.  Giblyn  and  (JeorjiC 
II.   Ifowley,  b(»tli  students  of  Allejiheny  Collejic  conceived   the 
idea  of  a  society  to  advance  scholai"slii]»  and  promote  true  fra 
ternal    spirit    amonji    the   niend»ers.      At    that    time    tluM'e   wei-e 

I  ::l>s  I 


llISTOin'   OF  ALLE(JnEXY   ('()LLK(JE 

iiiaiiy  ii<)n-fi-;it«*niit_v  incii  in  the  «oll('<i;('  wlio  iiitpcarcd  to  be 
exeelleiit  material  for  such  an  orj^ani/alioii.  There  was  a  total 
eiiroUnieiit  of  men  of  one  hundred  and  sixty,  just  do\d)le  the 
number  of  ]S!»4.  The  lifth  and  last  (Ireek  Letter  society  had 
entered  Allej-heny  in  ISST.  Debatinjjj  the  plan  with  their  asso- 
ciates, (liblyn  and  Jvowley  decided  to  form  a  secret  society. 
The  action  was  founded  upon  a  iirm  belief  in  the  j^ood  influence 
of  fraternal  life  and  the  }^reat  advautages  to  be  gained  from 
the  close  association.  J)etinite  i)lans  were  then  ma<le  and 
rooms  engaged  for  the  next  year  on  the  upper  comer  of  Locust 
Street  and  North  I'ark  Avenue.  The  new  society  took  on  the 
name  of  the  Theta  Delta  l*si  Fraternity,  but  did  not  secure  the 
Faculty  a])])roval  until  March  17,  liM)."),  whence  it  dates  its 
l>ermanent  organization. 

The  charter  members  were  J.  1{.  (liblyn,  New  York  City; 
(Jeorge  H.  Rowley,  District  Attorney  of  Mercer  County,  I*a.; 
W.  B.  Hotson,  C.  M.  llotson.  Manager  of  the  Wells,  Fargo 
Company;  A.  A.  Hoch,  F.  G.  Smith,  Professor  of  Engineering 
at  the  University  of  Foo  Chow,  China;  ]{.  Parker  Andrews, 
])astor  of  the  M.  E.  Church  at  And)ridge,  Pa.;  F.  A.  Ilewit  and 
C.  P.  Dye,  SuperinTendent  of  Schools,  Franklinville,  N.  Y. 

In  the  auttimn  of  IJlOti,  the  gi-owth  of  the  local  society 
caused  the  mend)ers  to  look  for  new  quarters.  Conse(pu»ntly. 
they  were  lodged  in  a  large  stone  house  on  Highland  Avenue 
through  the  kindness  of  the  late  Colonel  Dick,  who  became 
interested  in  the  fraternity  and  showed  its  members  many 
favors.  The  society  has  maintained  a  well-furnished  house  con- 
tinuously since  its  organization,  and  since  I'.IOS  it  has  occujned 
its  present  location  on  the  corner  of  Loomis  Street  and  North 
Park  Avenue. 

Several  of  the  recent  successful  Allegheny  alumni  are  mem- 
bers of  Theta  Delta  I'si.  Charles  C.  Hasely,  'l:i,  is  an  in- 
sti'uctor  in  the  I'nivei-sily  of  New  York  City,  and  M.  W.  King, 
■OS.  is  an  instructor  in  the  ^ledical  Dejiartment  of  Johns  Hop- 
kins T'niversity;  (Jeorge  P.  liowley,  '()~k  the  young  fiercer 
County  District  Attorney,  is  known  throughout  AYestern  Penn- 
sylvania as  a  most  enei'getic  and  ])romising  lawyer.  Pev. 
Thomas  Fornear  and  Pev.  P.  P.  Andi'ews,  '08,  are  rising  clergy- 
men in  the  Pittsburgh  Methodist  Conference. 

[  :v2u  ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

111  ]!»11  the  ineinbership  of  the  fraternity  numbered  sixty, 
with  twenty  active  members.  They  became  interested  in  ob- 
taining- a  charter  from  Alpha  Chi  Rlio,  believing  that  affiliation 
with  a  national  fraternity  of  such  standards  and  traditions 
would  be  of  mutual  advantage.  In  May,  a  petition  was  sent  to 
tlie  National  Council  and  in  June  an  investigation  was  made 
bv  the  National  Secretarv.     At  tlie  meeting  of  the  National 


Alpha  Chi  Rho  House 

('onncii.  Iiehl  at  IMiibidelphia,  October   IT,  ]J>11.  members  of 
Thct.i  Delta  ]*si  were  present  to  support  the  petition. 

I'or  the  next  two  years.  corr('s])on(U'nce  continued  and  re})- 
rcscutatives  of  Al|»ha  Chi  ]{ho  visited  the  chai)ter  from  time 
1o  time,  iuid  in  the  sj)ring  of  1!)14  the  National  President  paid 
a  fiiiiil  visit  of  inspection,  iind  on  liis  relurn.  the  long-lioped-for 
(hjiilcr  w;is  granted.     On  May  M)  of  tlu'  same  year.  Phi  Tola 

[  ;!:'.()  ] 


IIISTOKV   OF   ALLKC.IIKXV   (M)I.LE(JE 

Chapter  of  Al]»lia  ('hi  Klio  was  insiitiitcd  and  Tliela  Delta  I'si 
was  absorbed  in  the  national  oi-jianization. 

The  fraternity  was  founih'd  at  Ti-inily  Coliej^if  and  its  chaj)- 
ter  roll  is  contined  to  the  stronj;  eastern  institutions.  The 
Allej^heny  Chapter  is  its  extreme  western  outpost.  Al[)iia  Chi 
liho  belongs  to  that  class  of  fraternities  which  has  for  its 
object  the  develoi>nient  of  the  manly  and  moral  <iualities  of  its 
members,  being-  thus  tiie  means  of  i-aising  constantly  tha 
mental,  social  and  moral  standards  both  of  their  own  brothers 
and  of  the  colleges  in  which  they  are  established.  Its  platform 
of  principles  and  ideals,  called  the  "Landmarks  of  the  Frater 
nity",  are  as  follows : 

(Ij  Mend>ersliip  from  Christians  only ;  (2j  The  insistence 
on  a  high  and  clean  moral  standard;  (:>)  The  paramount  duty 
of  brotherly  love  between  the  mend)ers;  (4)  Insistence  of  man- 
liness as  the  essential  recpiirement  in  mend»ers,  and  the  denial 
of  possible  external  defects,  or  of  ])ossible  poverty  as  consti- 
tuting a  sufficient  reason  for  black-ball. 

With  these  ideals,  the  organization  has  begun  a  new  histcu-y, 
and,  thus  early,  evidence  of  its  success  is  very  manifest.  The 
chapter  at  present  has  twenty-six  resident  brothers.  The  schol- 
arship has  been  high  this  year  and  the  men  give  ])romise  of 
large  and  extended  work  in  the  various  college  activities. 

The  graduate  chapter  of  the  fraternity,  although  in  its 
infancy,  is  one  of  which  the  active  chapter  is  ])roud.  Among  its 
mend)ers  are  Samuel  H.  French,  manager  of  the  Order  r)e])art- 
ment  of  the  rittsburgh  Shovel  Works;  Wendell  P.  Ball,  Divi- 
sion Engineer  of  the  B.  &  O.  IJailroad;  Benjamin  II.  Ball, 
Professor  Grand  IM-airie  Seminary,  Indiana;  James  O.  Else, 
draftsman,  Youngstown,  O. ;  H.  B.  Storer,  AVesley  C.  Hayes 
and  Charles  P.  Walker.  Professors  at  the  Polish  Institute, 
Cambridge  Springs,  Pa.;  Claire  F.  Brockway.  lOdwin  Coon, 
Paul  V.  Kline  and  Lynn  M.  Davis,  all  of  whom  have  occupied 
responsible  ])ositions  in  the  teaching  profession  the  i>ast  year. 

P.    E.    Il0FF.\[AX.   *10. 

KAPPA  ALPHA  THKTA 

When  Kappa  Ali)ha  Theta  entered  Allegheny,  in  ISTO.  but 
seven  women  were  in  attendance  at  the  college,  and  they  only 

[  -n  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

oil  <iin(l<;iii<;-  sufferance.  It  wa.s  therefore  a  plucky  achievenieuT. 
Mlien  four  of  tho.se  seven  secured  a  charter  from  the  oldest 
Greek  Letter  society  for  women,  at  that  time  a  national  orga- 
nition  of  six  chajtters.  The  frown  of  the  Faculty  and  the  ridi- 
cule of  their  fellow  students  effectually  dampene<l  the  enthusi- 
asm of  the  ambitious  four,  however,  and  after  the  graduation 
of  three  of  their  mend)ers  in  -June,  the  outlook  in  the  fall  was 
so  unpromising  that  the  lone  guard  wisely,  if  reluctantly,  gave 
up  the  charter. 

In  ISSI  the  time  was  ripe  for  the  assertion  of  women's 
e(iuality  with  men  at  Allegheny.  Mu  Chapter  was  then  perma- 
nently established,  having  a  mend)ership  of  thirteen  the  first 
year  on  its  roll,  as  follows:  -Jessie  Dunham  (Stewart),  Minnie 
Saeger  (^'an  Kensaelaer  i,  Alice  (Gardner,  Cassia  Tatton,  Julia 
McGrew.  Iris  Earr,  Ida  Henderson,  May  Folmer.  \'irginia 
Miller  (Lynch),  Emma  I'owell  (Nichollsi,  Clara  Snyder  (llol- 
listeri,  Cora  Stai)les  and  Lydia  Wood   (liodleyi. 

During  the  six  years  ensuing,  the  society  i)asse(l  from  toler 
ation  to  res])ectful  recognition,  and  in  the  latter  ])art  of  Ihe 
])eriod  enjoyed  a  ffourishing  existence  Avholly  free  from  ojipo- 
sition.  An  attractive  room  on  the  fourth  floor  of  Ilulings  Hall 
had  become  the  fraternity  home,  and  Kappa  Al]»ha  Theta  was 
regarded  as  an  integral  factor  in  the  college  life. 

In  the  fall  of  1SS7,  with  the  advent  of  Kappa  Kappa 
Gamma,  ^lu  received  the  advantage  of  that  wholesale  rivalry 
which  is  one  of  the  best  incentives  to  excellence,  and  the  sub- 
secpient  enlai-gement  of  tlie  I'an-IIellenic  circle  increased  this 
beneficial  stimulus.  Vin-  neai-ly  tliree  decades.  Theta's  history 
at  Allegheny  has  been  that  of  the  usual  ]»i-osperous  ciia]>ter  in 
a  conventional  favorable  envii-onment.  Ilei-  maleiial  growth 
has  been  attest<'d  l)y  two  changes  of  chaider  hall  foi-  larger, 
more  itrelentious  (piarlei-s,  the  handsome  suite  now  occupied  in 
llnlings  having  been  foi-nially  o]»eii('(l  in  the  spring  of  1!I(M». 

The  inlelleclnal  standing  of  the  chapter  is  evident  in  the 
list  (tf  I'hi  Beta  Kappa  inendnM-s  at  Allegheny:  Mae  Golf 
Smith,  'SC;  Hai-i-iet  Keil/e  Coney.  'ST;  Clare  lielle  Howard 
<'(»;il('.  'IK!;  I'>l\ira  Hasconi.  'ill;  Claia  Canipbcll,  '!).■»;  Sabra 
X'ought.  '!»*»;   i:iia  Ci"iig  IMiclps.  '(II  ;   KMith  Townley,  '0:5;  .Maud 

[  :;:i2  1 


IIISTOKY   OF  ALLKC.llKNY   COLLKCJK 

Siiiulduck  ]iyiniiM,  '01;  KatlKM'iiic  Adams  McCuik'.  '(»7;  l-'lor- 
eiice  Orauel  Miller, '08;  Marv  Sansom  .Icmcs.  '14;  Dorothy  Saii- 
soin,  '13;  Bcnlali  (li-ancl,  i:>;  l-'lorcncc  (Iriswold.  'i:>;  Rnlli 
])odd,  '14,  and  (Icrtnidc  llaiiniioiid,  '14. 

Ill  the  relation  of  .Mn  Cliaptcr  lo  llic  national  ri-atcrnity,  it 
was  honored  in  l!)00-2  hv  liaviii<>;  Mary  K.  S.  Scott  liohl  the 
])ositioii  of  (}rand  \'ice-President  and  (Irand  Treasurer. 

On  the  alumni  roll  of  the  elia])ter,  iiumberinji  ir>!>  mem- 
bers, are  names  of  women  holdiiij;  jiositions  of  trust  and  dis- 
tinction not  only  in  all  ])arts  of  the  Union,  but  in  foreifiii 
lands  as  well,  .losephine  Henderson,  as  a  teacher,  Charlotte 
lllingworth,  as  a  missionary  in  India;  Hattie  O.  Johnson, 
•lulia  Krech  and  Lettie  •lohnston,  in  city  social  service;  Sabra 
\'ouj!;lit,  as  librarian  in  various  collejjes;  Dr.  Ella  D.  Golf,  of 
IMttsbnrgli,  as  a  ])hysician  ;  Mrs.  Alice  Crittenden  Derby  and 
Florence  Langworthy,  as  writers  of  merit,  are  esjiecially 
worthy  of  mention. 

The   rank    and    file   of    the   fraternity    constitutes   a    bod}' 

whose  influence  for  loyalty   and   asj^iration   tyi)ifies  the  best 

elements  of  college  Avomanliood.     In  a  less  tangible,  but  more 

I'eal  field  of  attainment,  Mu  has  striven  for  the  maintenance 

of  the  general  fraternity  ideals  of  scholarshij),  sociability  and 

Christian  service,  with  the  measure  of  success  manifest  in  the 

liberal   share  of   honors  a<cor<led   her  members  and   in   their 

identification  with   every  constructive  movement  or  event  of 

the  college.  -r.  .  ,-,_ 

DouoTiiY  Ar.KA:MS,  'I.). 

KAPPA  KAPPA  GAMMA 

Early  in  the  year  18S8,  Gamma  Ivlio  Chapter  of  Kappa 
Kappa  Gamma  was  organized  at  Allegheny  College  with  Kate 
Christy,  Mary  Christy,  Carrie  Frances  Mount,  I^essie  IMitnam 
and  Jessie  Smith  as  charter  members.  At  this  time,  the 
Ka]>])as  had  the  largest  woman's  (Jreek  letter  society  in  the 
country,  with  a  settled  jiolicy  of  entering  only  the  larger  col- 
leges. The  girls  were  greatly  elated  over  securing  a  charter. 
This  was  done  through  the  influence  of  ^Miss  M.  Adele  Barney 
(now  ^[rs.  AVilsoiiK  of  Tan  Clia])ter,  at  that  time  an  e<litor 
on  The    CiiAiTArcji-vx,    jmblished    then    in    Meadville.      Mrs. 

r     oo'>     "1 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

AVilsuii  is  a  writer  of  some  note  Avliose  work  appears  in  vai-ious 
papers  and  magazines.  The  entire  college  seeme<l  to  share  in 
the  girls-  elation  and  the  new  chapter  received  a  most  enthusi- 
astic welcome  into  the  Greek  worhl. 

The  installation  took  i)lace  Feb.  13,  at  the  home  of  Mrs. 
AVhiting,  sister  of  Jessie  Smith,  and  after  the  ceremony  repre- 
sentatives from  the  inen's  fraternities  gave  a  banquet  in  honor 
of  the  event.  The  chapter  met  with  Miss  Smith  until  dune, 
1S8S,  when  it  was  given  the  southeast  room  on  the  fourth  floor 
of  Huling's  Hall.  Later  the  northwest  room  also  was  given 
to  them. 

Gamma  Kho  now  had  a  real  home  and  couhl  begin  to  fur- 
nish it,  a  process  that  delights  every  woman's  heart.  The 
]>leasure  Avas  greatly  augmented  by  the  gifts  which  each  of 
the  fraternities  and  other  friends  sent  to  them.  The  most 
thrilling  gift  came  from  a  friend  of  Lillian  and  Eula  Mannett 
in  New  York.  This  donation  became  a  permanent  acti'.e  mem- 
ber of  the  chapter  under  the  cognomen  of  "Mrs.  I*otter 
Brown". 

During  these  early  days,  chapter  meetings  were  rather 
strenuous  affairs.  There  were  no  inherited  fraternity  ])olicies; 
no  older  mend)ers  to  instill  established  ideals,  delations  to 
ihe  college  and  its  life,  to  the  other  (ireek  societies,  and  rela- 
lions  of  the  members  to  each  other,  caused  many  long  and 
heated  discussions.  Miss  Barney  successfully  impresse<l  the 
cultural  value  of  fraternal  life.  After  the  business  sessions,  the 
evenings  would  often  be  spent  in  an  animated  discussion  of 
Ibsen's  Nora  Thdmar  nv  some  ecpially  exciting  topic.  In  look- 
ing back,  it  seems  very  significant  that  sncli  discussions  usually 
centered  about  some  ])roblem  in  the  life  of  women,  and  the 
debat<'S  were  \  igorous  and  feai-less. 

One  of  the  ]deasant  things  of  this  ]»eriod  was  a  rece])tion 
given  for  the  Ka])|)as  by  ^Fiss  Ida  .losepiiinc  IlenderscMi.  Miss 
I(hi  Tai-bcll  and  Miss  Harney,  (tf  lli<'  Ciiai  TAic.dAX  stalf.  Also 
there  was  Dm*  ])Ieasure  of  nunMing  Mrs.  Mary  Livermore.  who 
came  t(»  ^readville  to  lectiire.  She  was  a  Ka]»pa  and  undoubt- 
edly did  a  great  deal  to  enlarge  an<l  ennoble  fratej-nity  life. 

One  of  the  iinjxn-tant  excnts  in  the  history  of  Gamma  Kh(! 

[  :!:;4  ] 


iiisToKV  or  ALLi:<jni:xv  ('ollkci-: 

riiapter  was  llic  ciUcrtaiiiiiij;  of  the  National  Biennial  ('(tiiven- 
tion  from  Aiij*.  2.")  to  Anji,.  :>1.  11M>S.  TIum-c  were  ]»i-«*s(Mit  more 
than  two  Inindrcd  concise  women,  represent inj;'  nearly  every 
State  in  the  I'nion.     The  college  buildings  and  tlie  men's  fra- 


.Miss  Bessie  Putnam 

ternity  houses  were  jdaced  at  the  disposal  of  the  quests.  The 
days,  of  course,  were  (h'voted  to  business,  the  evenin<;s  to  fes- 
tivities. There  was  a  rece]>tion  to  the  (Jrand  Council;  Alpha 
(Mii  Ome<i;a  <»ave  a  most  charminji-  musicale;  next  was  a  lawn 
fete  to  i»resent  the  Ka])pas  to  Ihe  town  ])eople;  and  tlie  tittin«>- 
finale,  the  lianciuet. 


HISTOKY   OF  ALLEGHENY   COLLE(iE 

There  is  notliiii<>'  very  excitiii*''  in  the  hi^^tory  of  (laniiua 
Kho.  Its  life  lias  been  healthy  and  vigorons.  Its  niembers 
have  entered  into  the  life  of  the  college  to  the  fnllest  degree, 
and.  leaving  college,  they  have  entered  into  the  life  of  the 
world  in  the  same  whole-hearted  fashion.  Of  onr  chartei- 
members,  Kate  Christy  is  the  wife  of  T.  V.  Blaisdell.  now 
President  of  Alma  College,  Alma.  Mich.  Mary  Christy  died 
after  a  brief  bnt  promising  career  as  a  physician.  Carrie 
Mount  died  very  soon  after  gradnating.  Bessie  Putnam  is  a 
writer  of  recognized  merit.  Her  work  has  been  accepted  and 
])ublished  by  forty  papers  and  magazines,  including  The  Sci- 
entific American-,  Harpers'  Bazaar,  Success.  Jessie  Smith 
Trumper  is  a  successful  physician  in  Cleveland  and  is  eipially 
successful  as  a  home-maker. 

A'ery  early  Kappa  Kap])a  (xamma  obtained  a  strong  foot- 
hold in  Meadville.  Her  local  mend>ers  have  always  been  a 
source  of  strength  and  pride.  They  are  active  in  club,  in  so- 
ciety, in  church,  in  civic  work,  in  charitable  enterprises  and  in 
Ihe  homes.  The  Kappa  girls  have  been  interested  and  capable 
in  every  line  of  work.  Several  have  engaged  successfully  in 
college  settlements. 

Indeed,  in  1007,  Louise  Bolard  Moore,  as  a  result  of  her 
study.  ])ublished  a  book,  •'^Yag•e  Earners'  Budgets",  a  work  of 
such  value  as  to  bring  her  national  recognition.  Finetta 
Porter  Sackett  and  Leone  McLean  have  rendered  important 
services  along  sociological  lines. 

Winnie  Kate  Mount  and  Gertru<le  Hastings  Trauseau  are 
successful  ]>hysicians.  (Jrace  Xixu  >Voert  Henderson  has  pub- 
lished a  small  collection  of  woilhy  ]M)ems.  whose  circulation 
has  not  been  made  public.  Katharine  Dewey  ^Vilson,  as  a 
newspaj)er  wiiter,  has  won  recognition.  Many  of  the  girls 
have  made  excellent  teachers.  Helen  McClintock,  Professor  of 
German  and  Dean  of  Women  in  Geneva  College,  is  a  notabh; 
examjde.  So  also  is  .Jessie  Marvin,  in  the  Margaret  Moi-rison 
Scjiool,  Carnegi«'  Inslitul*'.  Helen  Heiner  is  a  jn-omising  voca- 
list, winning  the  c(nili-alto  prize  lately  in  the  ICisteddfod. 

The  following  alnmni  have  won  the  key  of  Phi  Beta  Ka]>]>a: 
Mrs.  Mary  C(dler  ICnglish.  'J>S;  .Mrs.  Georgiana  Crane  Muller. 

[  :;:;(;  ] 


IlISTOltY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

'00;  Mrs.  Kiitli  Uay  Duiilap,  '00;  Mrs.  Blanche  BeecUer  Hatch, 
'01;  Miss  Denia  Bard,  '02;  Mrs.  Erina  Rogers  Waid,  '03;  Miss 
Helen  McClinlock,  '01;  Miss  Winifred  Terry,  '04;  Mrs.  Elsie 
Ball  Stone,  'OG;  Mrs.  Mary  Xicholls  Maxwell,  '09;  Miss  Hazel 
Emery,  '10;  Miss  Elizabeth  Ling,  '12;  Mrs.  Mary  Sowash 
Hughes,  '12. 

Out  of  one  hundred  forty  girls  who  were  inend)ers  of  Oanuna 
Rho  Chapter  before  101.'),  eighty-eight  are  married.  This  num- 
ber includes  sixty  per  cent  of  her  IMii  Beta  Kappa  roll.  This  is 
a  significant  fact  and  better  describes  the  Kappa  Kappa 
Gamma  girls  than  any  other  thing  that  could  be  said.  AVith 
their  fine  intelligence,  their  cultivated  minds,  their  modern  out- 
look, they  are  still  the  womanly  women  who  love  home  and 
family  life.  Just  as  smart  and  forceful  as  those  women  who 
today  are  making  independent  names  for  themselves,  these 
many  Kappas  are  realizing  the  fullness  of  life  in  becoming  very 

successful  wives  and  mothers. 

•Jeax  Erey,  '9."3. 

ALPHA  CHI  OMEGA 

Blessed  be  that  genus  of  the  human  family  known  as 
cousins  I  The  particular  relative  in  mind  is  Mar}'  Satterfield, 
an  Alpha  Chi  from  Northwestern  University,  who,  through 
correspondence  with  her  cousins,  Zannie  Tate  and  Elizabeth 
Tate,  of  Meadville,  was  the  direct  means  of  the  installment  in 
Meadville  of  Delta  Chapter  of  Ali)]ia  Chi  Omega. 

Weighty  secrets  had  been  passing  back  and  forth  between 
Chicago  and  Meadville  in  the  winter  of  1800,  unconscious 
though  the  nmilman  had  been.  But  the  letters  and  the  mys- 
terious Avhisperings  in  a  certain  set  of  girls,  who  were  stu- 
dents at  Allegheny  College  and  at  the  Meadville  Conservatory 
of  Music,  were  to  culminate  in  a  meeting  of  seven  girls  at  the 
Tate  home  on  Spring  Street  on  the  afternoon  of  January  20, 
1891.  At  that  meeting.  Miss  Satterfield,  from  Northwestern 
University,  and  Miss  Price,  from  De  Tauw  University,  were 
present  and  took  charge  of  the  installation  of  Delta. 

Seven  girls  were  initiated  tliat  day:  Antoinette  Snyder 
(Mrs.  Manley  O.  Brown).  F(M-n  IMckard.  'O.l,  (Mrs.  E.  AV.  Stev- 
ens") ;  Ruby  Krick,  '90.   (Airs.  Tliaddeus  Evans)  ;  .May  Tink -r. 

[  --T  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

'9G,  (Mrs.  George  F.  Barn  ;  May  Bredeu,  Zanuie  Tate,  '92, 
(Mrs,  Luther  P.  Osgood),  and  Elizabeth  Tate,  '9G,  (Mrs.  Alex- 
ander r.  Wilson).  That  evening,  Mrs.  Juvia  O.  Hull,  Director 
of  the  Conservatory,  and  Miss  Mary  Pinney,  also  a  member  of 
its  Faculty,  were  initiated  as  honorary  members. 

The  next  morning  the  seven  charter  members,  one  full  day 
old,  were  eager  to  learn  with  what  degree  of  cordiality  they 
would  be  received  into  the  Meadville  Greek  Letter  world,  and 
straightway  sallied  forth  in  a  body  to  college  chapel  with  trepi- 
dation in  their  hearts.  All  fear  was  instantly  dispelled  for 
Alpha  Chi  Omega  was  welcomed  by  the  other  fraternities  with 
true  Pan-Hellenic  spirit.  More  formal  recognition  came,  a  few 
weeks  later,  in  the  form  of  an  invitation  from  Kappa  Kappa 
Gamma  to  attend  a  party  given  for  all  the  fraternities.  It  is 
surely  a  worthy  fact  to  go  down  in  history  that  at  this  func- 
tion one  of  our  charter  members  first  met  her  future  husband, 
who  was  a  member  of  the  Phi  Kappa  Psi  Fraternity. 

After  the  first  year,  the  social  aftairs  of  Alpha  Chi  Omega 
were  many  in  the  form  of  teas,  recitals,  spreads,  receptions  and 
banquets.  For  the  first  two  years,  the  fraternity  meetings  were 
held  in  a  small  room  in  the  Conservatory  building,  at  the 
corner  of  Liberty  and  Chestnut  Streets.  In  1894,  Delta  took 
possession  of  the  third  floor  of  the  house,  one  long  room  with 
sloping  mansard  walls.  A  photograph  of  the  room,  taken  by 
Dr.  Montgomery,  one  of  Allegheny's  beloved  professors,  dis- 
plays the  vastness  of  the  room  and  its  attractive  arrangement. 
Here  the  chapter  remained  until  1901,  when  a  change  was 
made  to  the  Shryock  property  on  East  Chestnut  Street, 

After  two  years,  a  new  location  was  taken  up  in  the  Flood 
Building,  on  I'ark  Avenue,  where  the  Conservatory,  now  called 
the  I'ennsylvania  College  of  Music,  was  established.  Delta 
next  rented  two  rooms  on  Highland  Avenue,  and  the  final  move 
was  to  the  front  fourth  flof)r  of  Huling's  Hall. 

Delta  was  hostess  for  the  Fourth  National  Convention  of 
Alpha  Chi  Omega  in  1890,  Ajtril  8-10.  Margaret  Barber,  '9G, 
now  Mrs.  C.  K.  Bowen,  presided  over  the  sessions.  At  that 
time  there  were  twenty-one  active  members  and  nine  resident 
alnimiie.     The  social  features  were  a  niusicale,  receptions  and 

[  .^^8  ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

a  banquet  at  the  Gominercial  Hotel  (the  present  Lafayette)  at 
which  Mrs.  Juvia  O.  Hull  was  toastmistress. 

Delta  was  again  lionored  in  IDOi  when  the  Ninth  National 
Convention  w^as  held  in  Meadville,  November  2-4.  Bertha 
Sackett,  '03,  (Mrs.  W.  1*.  Haynes),  was  then  Grand  Secretary. 
The  social  program  of  the  convention  consisted  of  receptions  by 
the  authorities  of  Allegheny  College  and  the  Pennsylvania  Col- 
lege of  Music  and  the  sororities  at  Allegheny.  The  closing 
banquet  was  at  Saegertown  Inn  with  Miss  Jessie  Merchant,  '01, 
as  toastmistress.  The  fraternity  of  Alpha  Chi  Omega  was 
steadily  expanding  and  alumni  of  Delta  had  a  share  in  that 
growth. 

The  following  had  been  Grand  Council  officers:  Zannie 
Tate,  '92,  Oct.,  1891-Feb.,  1893,  Grand  Secretary;  Charlotte 
AYebber,  Feb.,  1893-Mar.,  1894  Grand  Yice-Presideut;  Charlotte 
AYebber,  Mar.,  1894- Apr.,  1890,  Grand  President;  Yirginia  Por- 
ter, '97,  Mar.,  1894-Apr.,  1890,  Grand  Secretary;  Gertrude  Og- 
den,  Apr.,  1890-Dec.,  1899,  Grand  Treasurer;  Florence  Harper, 
'92,  Dec,  1899-Nov.,  1902,  Grand  Treasurer;  Alta  Moyer,  '03, 
Nov.,  1902-1903,  Grand  Secretary;  Bertha  Sackett,  '03,  1903- 
1905,  Grand  Secretary;  Bertha  Sackett,  '03,  1905-1906,  Grand 
Vice-President;  Fay  Barnaby  Kent,  '02,  1908-1915,  Grand  Vice- 
I*resident;  Grace  Hammond  Holmes,  1910-1912,  Grand  His- 
torian; Grace  Hammond  Holmes,  1912-1915,  President  of  At- 
lantic Province. 

Literary  honors  were  won  by  Lucy  Loane,  '11,  prize  given 
by  The  Lyre  for  original  legend,  and  by  Celia  McClure,  '12, 
author  of  ^'The  Fraternity  Symphony."  The  chapter  won  The 
Lyre  loving  cup  for  1913-14. 

The  beautiful  new  initiation  ceremony,  adopted  by  the  Na- 
tional Council  in  1910  at  the  Detroit  Convention  and  used  for 
the  first  time  in  the  fall  of  1912,  was  largely  the  result  of  the 
research  work  of  Fay  Barnaby  Kent,  '02,  who  has  brought 
great  honor  to  Delta  Chapter  by  her  untiring  enthusiastic  work 
for  Alpha  Chi  Omega. 

The  Alpha  Chi  Alumnre  Chapter,  in  which  Alleghenians  are 
most  interested  because  of  the  unusual  number  of  Delta  girls 
in  its  membership,  is  Gamma  Gamma  Chapter  in  New  York 

r  339  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

City.  ^Miss  Olive  Porter,  a  Delta  girl,  was  also  an  active  mem- 
ber of  Gamma  Gamma  until  last  year  when  she  removed  to 
I*aris  to  study  French  and  gather  dramatic  material.  She  is 
now  a  war  correspondent.  As  a  playwright,  she  is  the  author 
of  The  Ringmaster. 

Margaret  Barber  Bowen,  of  Meadville,  author,  is  a  coutri- 
bntor  of  prose  and  verse  to  Atlantic  Monthly,  Century. 
Haiu'er's,  Oi'ting,  Boston  Transcript,  Springfield  Repub- 
lican and  children's  periodicals.  For  a  time  she  was  on  the 
Atlantic  Monthly  staff.  Mrs.  Jnvia  O.  Hnll.  of  Meadville. 
was  head  of  the  Conservatory  of  Music,  and  is  director  of  the 
Oratorio  Society. 

The  history  of  Delta  is  com])lete  only  with  mention  of  the 
loyal  Meadville  Alnmna?  Clnb.  The  members  in  town  have 
always  been  an  invaluable  aid  to  the  chapter  at  Allegheny. 
The  club  has  a  roll  of  twenty-nine,  whose  secretary  is  Mrs.  Ruby 
Marsh  Eldred,  'OS.  The  active  chapter  endeavors  always  to 
])erform  its  share  of  college  activities  and  gains  its  quota  of 
honors.  It  has  had  one  hundred  and  eighty-nine  members,  of 
whom  fifty-one  received  the  A.  B.  degree.  History  is  still  in 
the  making  and  the  story  of  Alpha  Chi's  further  success  and 
failures  must  be  left  to  the  narrator  of  2015.  Every  member 
of  Alpha  Chi  Omega  will  ever  strive  to  make  the  New  Alle 
glieny  proud  to  claim  the  fraternity  as  its  daughter,  for  thus 
its  worth  to  the  college  is  fully  realized. 

Lucille  Lippitt,  'IT). 

ALPHA  GAMMA  DELTA 

The  history  of  the  local  society,  Theta  Sigma,  and  of  Alpha 
<lamma  Delta,  the  national  sororily,  reflects  the  virility  and 
energy  of  the  New  Allegheny.  The  close  natural  fi-iemlsliip  of 
six  kindi-ed  s]»ii-its  antedated  the  a«-tual  foiniation  of  the  Greek 
Letter  grouj)  l»y  more  than  a  year.  The  sorority  was  the  result 
of  (aicfnl  ]>laiiniiig  on  the  part  of  the  gii-ls  reinforced  by  the 
advice  of  the  faculty.  AVith  plans  matured  and  ajtproved,  it 
("line  foi'tli  iis  Theta  Sigma  on  Dec.  10.  1004,  with  six  founders 
and  tlii-cc  freslimen,  to  which  a  fourth  was  soon  adde*!.  Tli" 
time  was  i-ipc  foi*  the  founding  of  another  fraternity  among  the 

r  .">4o  1 


IIISTOKY   OF  ALLKCIIKNY   COJ.LKiJE 

young  woiiK'ii.  The  uciierous  .siipixji't  of  the  Faculty  and  kindly 
greetinj;s  from  the  sororities  were  an  (MicouragenKMit  to  the 
new  organization.  Jie(ans<'  of  this  hearty  welcome  into  the 
world  of  (Ireeks,  many  early  ditlicnllies  and    trials  were  not 

exju'i-ienced  by  Tlieta  Sigma. 

The  records  of  the  individual 
students  making  up  the  sorority 
were  well  and  favorably  known ; 
working  together  with  a  common 
aim  enabled  them  to  make  good  pro- 
gress. After  two  years  of  sorority 
life,  this  tribute  was  i)aid  the  chaj)- 
ter :  "There  is  but  one  common 
testinH)ny  as  to  the  social  and  intel- 
lectual excellence  of  the  individuals 
in  Theta  Sigma.  In  every  way  they 
stand  to(biv  the  eciual  in  ability, 
MissRo^vley  ^^.^^^.^,^   and   College  esteem    xvith  the 

long  established  sororities.''  The  earnestness  of  the  sorority 
met  with  genuine  api)reciation  in  the  college  world  and  its 
growth  was  steady.  The  founders  were:  Edith  Rowley,  '0"); 
Katheriue  M.  McAlister.  'Oti;  :Mabel  K.  Deane,  '00;  Florence  L. 
Bates,  '07;  Wynona  M.  Baker,  'OS;  Lucy  II.  AVright,  "08.  The 
l^"'reslmu^n  nuMubers  w(H-e :  May  I'l  Tlart,  Edith  J.  Thompson, 
Ernm  M.  Kibler  and  Josette  11.  F,eebe. 

The  first  home  of  the  sorority  was  in  the  Library.  In  the 
fall  of  1905,  the  present  sorority  suites  in  Tluling's  Hall  were 
finished  and  Theta  Sigma  chose  the  rooms  now  occui)ied  by 
Al])ha  Gamma  Delta. 

The  early  struggles  incident  to  establishment  and  growth 
were  not  dissimilar  to  those  of  any  local  fraternity.  But  never 
in  her  histoi'y  did  Theta  Sigma  regret  the  steps  taken  in 
founding  a  ueAV  sorority  or  encounter  difficulties  that  Avere  not 
overcome.  Fts  growth  has  been  stea<ly,  its  develo))ment  well 
balanced  and  its  enthusiasm  never  failing. 

As  the  fraternity  gained  in  strength  and  ])erfected  its  orga- 
nization, a  grand  chapter  was  formed  with  oflicei's  and  an 
annual  convention.     It  had  made  a  distinct  and  well  recognized 

[  •?41   ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

place  for  itself  and  received  the  unsolicited  recoguition  from 
the  other  sororities  of  an  invitation  to  join  the  Pan-Heavenly 
organization. 

Advances  had  been  received  from  several  of  the  smaller 
national  sororities  but  were  rejected  as  unsuitable.  The  fra- 
ternity was  strong  in  itself  and  saw  nothing  to  be  gained  from 
an  alliance  with  these  societies.  Finally  Alpha  Gamma  Delta 
and  Theta  Sigma  entered  upon  negotiations  which  resulted  in 
an  affiliation  in  1910.  On  Feb.  23  of  that  year,  Kappa  of  Alpha 
Gamma  Delta  was  installed  with  appropriate  ceremonies  by 
officers  from  the  parent  chapter  in  Syracuse.  A  marked  simi- 
larity in  forms,  ideals  and  government  made  the  transition 
easy.  Under  the  new  name,  the  former  strong  sorority  life  and 
high  ideals  of  Theta  Sigma  have  been  upheld. 

The  sorority  has  graduated  thirty-eight  members,  three- 
fourths  of  all  its  initiates  up  to  1012.  In  the  ten  years  of  its 
life  it  has  had  five  presidents  of  the  Y'.  W.  C.  A.  The  first 
president  of  the  Student  Government  Association  was  a  mem- 
ber of  Theta  Signia.  Several  alumni  have  taken  advanced 
work  in  universities.  Oratorical  and  society  prizes,  athletic 
honors  and  class  and  club  officers  verify  the  early  promise  and 
high  ideals  of  participation  in  all  avenues  of  college  life  set 
before  tlie  members.  Two  members  have  received  the  A.  M. 
degree  from  the  college. 

The  active  and  alumni  membership  at  present  numbers 
sixty-nine.  The  following  have  been  elected  to  the  Phi  Beta 
Kappa  Society:  Mabel  E.  Deane,  'OG;  Lillian  Hepfinger,  'OS; 
Kose  ^r.  Kauffman,  '10;  Ethel  M.  Berry,  '10;  Margaret  Hyde 
Beebe,  '10;  Mollie  Bassett.  '11.  Thr«:'e  members  have  been  in 
the  faculty  of  the  Preparatory  School. 

The  courage  and  strength  of  youth  and  the  enthusiasm  of 
real  attainment  give  Alpha  Gamma  Delta  a  foundation  which 
slie  believes  will  make  the  op])ortunities  of  the  second  century 
of  Allegheny  an  added  stimulus  to  high  endeavor  for  the  col- 
lege, to  a  strong  life  in  the  sorority  and  a  wider  influence  on 
the  world  throngh  her  mendiers  as  Ihey  go  out  into  life. 

^[OIJJH    B.\SSKTT,   '11. 


[  •">42  1 


IIISTOKV  OF  ALLEdllENY  COLLEGE 
THE  COMMONS  CLUB 

The  C\)inin<)iis  Club,  the  newest  of  tlie  fraternal  organiza- 
tions, is  the  outgrowth  of  a  loose  organization  of  tlie  non 
fraternity  men  of  tlie  college,  known  as  the  Teutonic  Associ- 
ation. Tliis  association,  which  was  supposed  automatically 
to  include  in  its  membership  all  non-fraternity  men,  had  as 
practically  its  only  function  the  holding  of  an  annual  ban 
quet,  and  this  ban(piet  was  an  atfair  of  varying  success.  Tlie 
Toastmasters  were  as  follows:  in  IJKKJ,  B.  F.  Williamson,  in 
1904,  A.  C.  Saxman,  in  11)00,  R.  M.  Stuntz,  in  1907,  C.  W.  Gill, 
in  1908,  W.  L.  McKinney,  in  1909,  Trof.  J.  I).  Ilyskell,  in  1910, 
H.  N.  Gould. 

During  the  year  of  19].*}  it  was  brought  to  the  attention  of 
some  members  of  the  Teutonic  Association  that  a  national 
organization  of  non-fraternity  men,  the  Federation  of  Com- 
mons Clubs,  existed,  but  no  definite  action  was  taken  until  the 
fall  of  1914.  when  ai)])lication  was  made  to  the  Faculty  for 
permission  to  organize  a  Commons  Club.  The  permission  was 
granted,  and  after  the  taking  of  various  necessary  steps,  the 
local  club  was  installed  as  the  Allegheny  Cha])ter  of  the 
National  Federation  of  Commons  Clubs  on  February  .12,  1915. 

The  aim  of  the  Commons  Club  is  to  secure  for  non-fraterni 
ty  men  the  same  privileges,  the  same  advantages  and  oppor- 
tunities for  development  as  are  afforded  to  the  members  of 
the  older  fraternities.  It  upholds  the  ideals  of  democracy, 
service  and  brotherhood  by  extending  these  advantages  to 
every  man.  the  only  recpiirement  for  membership  being  that 
of  good  moral  charactei*.  The  chapter  has  nu\de  excellent 
progress,  considering  its  youth.  A  large  dwelling  house  on 
North  ]\rain  Street  has  been  rented  for  a  club-house,  and  most 
of  the  mend)ers  are  now  rooming  there.  The  club  has  a  mem- 
bership of  about  twenty-five  and  there  is  every  prospect  of  the 
greatest  future  and  growth  and  prosperity. 

C.  A.  Nash,  '10. 

TEUTOXIA 
The  non-sorority  women  of  the  college,  who  had   b»ng  felt 
the  need  of  a  closer  organization,  founded,  in  1910,  the  Ten 

[  :u:l  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

tonia  Association,  for  the  purpose  of  establishing  a  closer 
social  relationship  and  opportunity  among  all  non-sorority 
women  of  the  college.  The  first  officers  were  Oma  B.  Stoner, 
1011.  president;  Ida  F.  Preston,  1911,  vice-president;  Kather- 
ine  Wheeling,  1912,  treasurer;  and  Adelaide  Remler,  1012, 
secretaiy.  Other  founders  were  Alice  Strickland,  i:  >-^^  Sey 
mour,  Jennie  Goodrich,  Viola  Simpson  and  Lovina  Saeger. 
The  organization  received  a  vigorous  impetus  at  the  be- 
ginning through  the  altruistic  efforts  and  splendid  eiiihusi- 
asnis  of  the  founders;  and  its  strong  and  steady  growth  indi 
cates  the  fulfillment  of  a  great  need.  Teutonia  gives  her  mem- 
bers opportunity  for  leadership,  and  supplies  the  encourage 
ment  and  the  training;  her  friendships  are  broad  and  all-em- 
bracing; her  ideals  are  wholesome;  her  standards  high.  Nor 
the  least  of  her  efforts  is  to  maintain  a  high  scholastic  standard 
among  her  members;  Teutonia  has  had,  since  1010.  more  Phi 
Beta  Kappa  members  than  any  other  woman's  organization 
in  the  college  in  the  same  time.  The  Teutonia  women  have 
taken  part  in  every  phase  of  college  life,  and  have  been,  by 
individual  personality  and  cooperative  effort,  a  great  fac- 
tor for  good  in  the  college. 

LoTisE  Cion.i),  ''l.~. 


I    ^544    1 


CIIAl-JEH    XI 

THE    FACULTY 

N  the  leiij^tli  of  service  of  the 
meiiibei's  of  tlie  Faculty  of  AUe- 
^dieny  Colh'j^e  llie  record  is  iil- 
niost  as  reinarkable  as  tliat  of 
the  eij>lit  presidents,  auotlier 
serviiiji'  but  a  siuole  year,  who 
rounded  out  a  century  of  offi- 
cial activity,  and  of  these  the 
l)resent  executive  has  yet  a 
ji'ood  many  days  ahead  of  him. 
Of  the  sixteen  men  who  held 
chairs  of  instruction  from  1833 
to  IH^'-i,  the  average  duration 
of  a  professorship  was  fifteen  years.  Only  six  men  served  less 
than  ten  years. 

Their  connection  Avith  the  colle<ie  has  been  a  very  vital  one. 
^lany  a  student  in  after  years  has  realized  that  the  personality 
met  in  the  class  room  was  the  most  formative  influence  of  his 
career.  Services  have  been  rendered  with  a  whole  hearted 
loyalty  to  Allegheny  and  a  self  sacrifice  that  place  this  body  of 
men  in  the  front  rank  of  the  founders  and  the  makers  of  the 
college. 

Bishop  ^Iatthew  Simi'sox.  vice-president  of  Allegheny  Col- 
lege and  professor  of  natural  i)hilosophy  and  chemistry,  18:>T-9, 
was  born  in  Cadiz,  O.,  June  21,  1811.  His  father  James  camo 
from  Tyrone  county,  Ireland,  to  America  in  170.">  and  settled 
at  Pittsburgh.  Engaging  in  nninufactnring  weavers'  reeds,  he 
removed  to  Ohio,  where  he  nuirried  in  180(;  tr5arah  Tip.gley,  a 
member  of  the  Methodist  Church.  Within  a  year  after  Mat- 
thew's birth,  the  father  died.  An  uncle  Matthew  directed  the 
education  of  the  lad,  who  became  well  versed  in  Latin,  (Jreek, 
mathematics  and  the  rudinienis  of  Hebrew.     The  youth  read 


:u: 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

widely  and  the  counsels  of  the  elder  Matthew  Simpson,  who 
was  ten  years  in  the  Ohio  Senate,  were  of  great  practical 
value  to  the  ambitious  scholar. 

Dr.  Homer  J.  Clark,  coming  to  Cadiz  as  the  agent  of  Madi- 
son College,  fired  his  purpose  to  seek  a  higher  education.    After 


Matthew  Simpson,  Vice-President,  1837-9 

a  year  in  Madison,  becoming  a  tutor  there,  he  returned  to  Ohio 
to  teach  school.  He  jtossessed  also  much  mechanical  skill,  but 
his  final  i-lioic*'  of  a  profession  was  medicine.  After  reading 
three  years,  he  began  ju-actice  in  May.  is:':*.  In  .hily  of  the 
same  year  his  name  was  jd'esented  by  his  s[»onsor  of  ^Madison 

[  ;!4r,  ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLi:(JIlEXV  COLLEGE 

College,  Dr.  Charles  Elliott,  to  the  l*ittsl)iirgli  Conference  iu 
session  at  Meadville  for  admission  as  a  preacher  on  trial.  The 
yonng  physician  gave  up  excellent  prospects  and  a  lucrative 
business  to  enter  the  ministry. 

After  a  year  in  the  itinerancy,  he  was  much  discouraged, 
but  by  the  earnest  advice  of  Matthew  Thoburn,  of  St.  Clairs- 
ville,  the  father  of  Bishop  J.  M.  Thol)urii,  he  continued  in  the 
work.  The  next  assignment  was  to  Pittsburgh,  in  association 
with  Kev.  William  Hunter,  later  a  ])rofessor  in  Allegheny.  The 
influence  of  Dr.  Martin  Enter  and  Dr.  Clark  brought  Matthew 
Simpson  to  the  college  faculty  at  Meadville.  He  wrote  of  his 
work  thus:  ''I  had  charge  of  six  classes,  embracing  those  in 
natural  science,  sometimes  one  or  two  in  mathematics  and 
occasionally  one  in  languages.  The  library  of  the  college  was 
large  for  those  days  and  among  other  books  had  a  collection  of 
the  church  fathers  in  Greek  and  Latin,  which  I  i)nzed  highly 
and  carefully  read." 

Dr.  Elliott  wrote  him  from  the  Westkkx  Ciiristiax  Advo- 
cate at  Cincinnati  to  read  the  history  of  the  Christian  Church 
and  become  acquainted  with  all  the  great  questions  of  con- 
troversy as  found  in  the  volumes  of  the  Allegheny  library'.  In 
the  note  books  of  this  professor  of  science  are  found  outlines 
on  Origen,  taken  from  the  reply  to  Celsus,  on  Sale's  Koran, 
extracts  on  chemistry  and  mineralogy*',  abstracts  of  Calvin's 
''Institutes"  and  citations  from  Jonathan  Edward.s  and  Lyman 
Beecher.  It  was  a  rich  store  house  in  Bentley  Hall  from  which 
to  draw  and  one  of  his  colleagues  expressed  the  conviction  that 
the  years  spent  in  the  professorship  at  Meadville  advanced 
^latthew  Simpson  more  than  any  of  the  students. 

The  tenor  of  college  life  ran  very  evenly  iu  the  Thirties. 
Professor  Simpson  dwelt  in  intimate  relations  with  the  stu- 
dents. A  group  met  on  Sunday  afternoons  at  his  home  to 
read  the  Greek  Testament.  He  visited  the  country  miles 
around  to  preach  and  assist  in  revival  services.  He  regarded 
his  experience  in  Allegheny  as  contributing  much  to  liis  later 
usefulness.  After  his  success  at  Asbury  T'niversity,  he  refused 
other  college  presidencies  and  became  editor  of  the  Advocate 
at  Cincinnati   in   184S.     His  opposition  to  slavery  made  him 

[  -47  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

in  1S52  a  Bishop  and  during  the  war  the  fame  of  his  elo- 
quence as  the  champion  of  the  North  filled  the  nation.  Bishop 
Simpson  returned  to  Meadville  in  various  official  relations 
through  the  years.  The  student  body  felt  itself  much  honored 
when  he  presided  in  Januan.-,  1865,  at  a  session  of  The  Alle- 
gheny Literary  Society  of  which  organization  he  was  an  hon- 
orary member.  The  college  has  a  just  pride  in  the  career  of 
its  early  professor  and  adopted  son. 

William  M.  Burtox,  A.  M..  preceptor,  1835,  professor  of 
ancient  languages,  1836.  of  mathematics,  1837-10,  was  born  in 
Connecticut  in  1808,  and  removed  to  Erie  County,  l*a.,  in  1812. 
He  was  a  student  at  Madison  College  and  completed  hi.*-'  train- 
ing at  AVesleyan  University  in  1831.  He  was  admitted  to  the 
Erie  Conference  at  the  time  of  its  formation  in  Meadville  in 
1836.  Burton  was  a  competent  instructor  and  preached  with 
accei:)tance.  "When  he  resigned  his  chair,  he  withdrew  from 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  church  to  enter  the  Protestant  Epis- 
copal. He  became  rector  of  St.  John's  Church,  Cleveland,  in 
1812.    He  died  in  ^lichigan  in  1851. 

Rev.  George  W.  Clarke,  D  1).,  Class  of  1835,  professor  of 
Greek  and  Latin  languages,  1837-1813.  vice-president  and  pro- 
fessor of  Greek.  1816-1854,  was  the  first  member  of  the  Faculty 
who  was  an  alumnus  of  the  college.  He  was  born  in  Stark 
County.  Oliio.  -Inly  10,  1810,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death.  July 
18,  181>2.  at  Akron.  Ohio,  lie  Avas  the  oldest  living  graduate  of 
Alleglieiiy.  Early  i)ro]><)siiig  to  enter  the  ministry  of  the  Meth- 
odist Church,  he  enrolled  in  AV<'stern  Reserve  College  at  Hud- 
son. Oliio.  He  was  admitted  into  llie  Pittsburgh  Conference 
and  finislied  his  Senior  year  in  Allegiieny  College.  After  two 
years  in  tlie  j)astorate  he  was  called  by  his  (ihiui  inatcr  to  its 
stair. 

As  a  teacher,  he  was  a  general  favorite  with  the  stndents. 
The  professor  was  very  tall  and  slim,  mild  mannered  and  a 
model  of  conitesy.  \\'hile  he  was  dignified,  he  was  always  ajt- 
proachable  by  his  classes.  He  was  not  severe  in  his  re<|uire- 
inents  in  the  class  room,  l>ut  willing  to  excuse  <lelin(inencit's. 
At  the  time  the  college  closed  he  served  as  ])astor  in  James- 
town. X.  Y. 

[  348  ] 


IIISTOKV  OF  ALLIO(JIIEXY   COLLE(JK 

He  was  one  of  the  l<'ii(liii<i  iiumi  in  the  Erie  Conference  at  its 
annnal  sessions,  lie  early  es])ouse(l  the  anti-shivery  cause, 
when  it  was  very  nnpopnhn-  to  he  an  aholilionist.  He  contin- 
ned  in  all   the  stormy  times  that  followed  a  prndent  hnt  ahle 

advocate  of  fi-eedom.  lie 
was  sent  as  a  dele<;ate  to 
the  historic  (Jeneral  Con- 
ference of  1S44.  lie  was 
also  a  memher  of  the  (Con- 
ference of  1S4S,  of  1850,  in 
fact  of  six  ([nadretinial 
Methodist  <j;atlierin<;s. 

I'rofessor  Clarke  was  a 
zi'aloiis  defender  of  the 
docti-ines  and  ]>ractices  of 
his  denomination.  He  en- 
<i,a^ed  in  a  dehate  of  sev- 
eral days  with  an  eminent 
Treshyterian  (derf^yman 
in  Mercer  ("onnty,  l*a.,  on 
th(»  ])rinciples  of  Calvin- 
ism. In  Meadville,  he 
took  ])art  in  the  controver- 
sy with  the  Cnitarians  at 
the  time  Calvin  Kingsley 
was  <iivin<4  a  series  of  ad- 
dresses in  defense  of  the 
Trinitarian  ]»osition.  Clarke  also  while  teacliin<>'  wrote  a 
treatise  entitled  ''Chi-ist  Crncilied",  discnssinj;-  the  leading 
tenets  of  orthodoxy. 

In  ]Sr)4  he  retnrned  to  the  active  ]>astorate,  serving  the 
leading  chnrches  and  being  ]>i*esiding  (dder.  When  the  East 
Ohio  Conference  was  foi-med  in  1ST(»,  he  became  a  mend»er  and 
was  a])])ointed  tinancial  agent  of  Allegheny  College,  continn- 
iiig  until  ISSO.  He  then  came  to  the  Erie  Conference  and  was 
an  assistant  i)astor  in  Meadville,  ISS.'MSS.").  when  he  took  a 
su])erannate(l  relation.     IL'  was  mad(^  a  Ti-nstee  of  Allegheny 


Professor  George  W.  Clarke 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

College  iu  1870.  His  ambition  was  to  round  out  fifty  years  of 
service  iu  his  church.  He  was  permitted  to  receive  fifty-two 
appointments. 

The  fine  Christian  character  of  Dr.  Clarke  was  reinforced 
by  good  sense,  excellent  judgment  and  clear  thinking.  He  was 
a  man  of  determination  and  of  energ\-.  The  spirit  oi!  youth 
never  seemed  to  desert  him.  In  his  later  years,  with  his  white 
hair,  serene  features  and  tall  form,  he  was  an  impressive  figure. 

Egbert  T.  P.  Allen^  professor  of  civil  engineering  and 
adjunct  professor  of  mathematics,  1838-1842,  was  born  in 
Maryland  and  from  that  State  was  appointed  to  the  U.  S. 
Military  Academy  at  West  Point.  July  1,  1830.  In  1834,  he 
became  second  lieutenant  of  the  First  Artillery.  He  was  in 
the  Seminole  war,  fighting  in  the  skirmish  of  Okihumphy 
Swamp,  Marcli  30.  1836.  He  resigned  July  1,  1830.  and  became 
an  engineer  in  the  service  of  the  United  States,  superintending 
harbor  improvements  on  Lake  Erie,  1836-8.  He  was  licensed 
to  preach  in  the  Erie  Conference  and  invited  to  Allegheny  to 
teach. 

He  was  a  sprightly  little  man,  of  a  very  friendly  disposi- 
tion. He  had  a  slight  impediment  of  speech.  His  own  atten- 
tiveness  and  quickness  of  conception  did  not  always  have  a 
ready  response  from  the  students  and  their  slowness  had  a 
tendency  to  fret  him.  But  the  new  subject  of  civil  engineering 
was  very  popular  in  the  college  and  the  instruction  was  thor- 
ough and  practical.  Professor  Allen  was  lost  to  Allegheny 
with  its  reverses  and  Transylvania  L'niversity  was  the  gainer 
for  a  few  years.  In  1847,  he  became  the  superintendent  of 
the  Kentucky  Military  Institute;  in  1857,  he  took  charge  of 
the  Bastrop  Military  Institute,  Texas.  In  1861,  Allen  went 
into  the  Confederate  army.  From  1866  to  1874,  he  was  again 
superintendent  of  the  Kentucky  Military  School  at  Franklin 
Springs.  He  was  drowned  in  the  Kissimmee  Kiver,  Fla.,  July 
f>,  1888. 

Rev.  Jonatmax  IIamnktt,  D.  1)..  Class  of  1830,  professor 
of  Latin.  184r)-1874.  professor  of  mathematics  and  astronomy. 

[  :>..~,o  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 


1874-1882,  professor  of  jdiilosophy,  LS82-1SS5,  librariau,  1885- 
IDOfi,  vice-president,  1S(;:>-18S5.    No  alunimis  of  Allegheny  ever 

had    the    distinction    of 

knowinj:!;  every  student 
for  more  than  half  a 
centnry  save  Dr.  Hain- 
nett.  No  other  man 
gave  GO  years  of  his  life 
to  his  alma  mater  as 
did  he.  Born  in  Pitts- 
burgh on  Jan.  10,  1816, 
he  acquired  early  a 
grounding  in  the  com- 
mon branches  here  and 
became  a   bookkeeper. 

He  united  with  the 
Methodist  church  and 
sat  under  the  preaching 
of  Dr.  Martin  Ruter 
The  young  man  was 
ambitious  for  a  higher 
education  and  Rev.  Mat- 
thew Simpson,  then  sta- 
tioned at  Liberty  Street  Church,  encouraged  him  to  go  to 
Allegheny  College.  Before  young  Hamnett  with  two  com- 
panions started  on  a  summer  day  in  1830  to  walk  to  Meadville, 
the  party  went  to  the  study  of  the  pastor  for  a  parting  prayer. 
The  preacher  at  Pittsburgh  sent  minute  counsels  to  the  stu- 
dent about  his  work  and  soon  came  himself  to  the  Faculty. 

Our  future  professor  had  ten  dollars  when  he  left  for 
college.  He,  like  many  others  of  the  time,  boarded  himself. 
He  was  a  leader  in  the  Allegheny  Literary  Society,  *^he  tem- 
]>erance  movement  and  other  student  affairs.  After  gi-adua- 
tion  he  conducted  a  flourishing  academy  at  Wellsville,  Ohio. 
He  was  ordained  by  Bishop  Roberts  as  a  deacon  and  advanced 
to  elders'  orders  in  the  IMttsburgh  Conference.  In  1845,  he 
returned  to  Meadville  to  take  a  place  in  the  reopened  college, 
under  the  new  scholarship  plan  of  Dr.  Clark. 

[  ^551    ] 


Rev.  Jonathan  Hamnett,  D.  D. 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

Dr.  Hamnett,  as  professor  and  citizen,  rounded  out  a  beau- 
tiful, useful  life  of  ninety-four  years,  passing  away  August  29, 
1910.  Presidents  and  Faculty  members  came  and  went,  but 
the  genial  Doctor  held  his  way  serenely.  Much  of  the  admin- 
istrative responsibility  of  the  college  fell  upon  him  during  the 
ill  health  of  Presidents  Loomis  and  Bugbee.  He  was  deeply 
interested  in  the  material  improvement  of  the  college  and  the 
town.  He  traveled  much  in  the  soliciting  of  funds  for  various 
causes. 

The  professor  of  Latin  was  devoted  to  his  work,  though 
his  interests  were  not  exclusively  confined  to  his  department. 
Dr.  Hamnett  until  the  close  of  his  life  was  a  wide  reader  and 
a  ready  speaker  on  many  topics.  He  was  active  in  the  Lit- 
erary L'nion  of  Meadville  and  prepared  for  it  an  excellent 
sketch  of  the  early  Allegheny.  He  was  the  man  eminently 
fitted  by  intimate  contact  with  the  long  line  of  makers  and 
benefactors  of  the  college  to  have  written  its  history. 

As  a  teacher  he  held  his  students  to  their  tasks.  All  did 
not  take  kindly  to  the  dead  languages  and  for  them  his  repri- 
mand was  unsparing.  One  of  the  boys  of  the  Fifties  relates 
an  incident  of  the  class  room,  betraying  the  feelings  of  the  de- 
linquents: ''the  professor  sat  at  the  corner  of  the  mantle  by 
the  old  grate.  One  day  before  his  entrance  for  the  ten  o'clock 
period,  the  boys  with  a  red  hot  poker  burned  into  the  oaken 
floor,  in  front  of  his  accustomed  seat  in  a  spot  where  his  eyes 
must  fall,  the  sentiment,  'Hie  jacet  Hamnett.' " 

After  a  record  of  teaching  for  forty  years,  when  most  men 
retire,  he  took  charge  of  the  library  and  gave  another  quar- 
ter century  of  service  to  the  college.  It  is  as  a  librarian 
that  the  larger  number  of  alumni  now  living  remember  Dr. 
Hamnett.  In  the  rooms  on  the  third  floor  of  Ruter  Hall  he 
ruled  over  the  kingdom  of  books.  A  catalogue  written  in  his 
own  careful  hand  still  remains.  Many  anecdotes  are  told  of 
liow  lie  enforced  the  rules  of  the  library.  Coeducation  as  an 
nflfair  of  conversation  between  the  sexes  did  not  obtain  in  its 
jirecincts.  The  thoughtless  student,  who  tilted  back  in  the 
<hair  as  he  rea<l,  heard  a  voice  at  his  ear,  ''young  man,  a  chair 
liiis  four  legs." 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLKdllENY  COLLEGE 

A  lastiii";  iiioinini(Mit  of  the  interest  of  Dr.  Hainnett  in 
Methodism  is  tlie  Stone  Churcli  in  Meadville.  In  his  official 
relation  to  the  stiiictiire  lie  observed  every  stone  that  went 
into  the  foundation.  He  was  present  nincli  of  the  time  as 
the  walls  were  risino;.  As  this  sanctuary  stands  today  im- 
pressive in  its  large  proportions  and  enduring  strength,  so 
Dr.  Hamnett  in  his  college  responsibilities  endeavore<l  to 
build  men  and  women  into  vigorous,  symmetrical  character. 

His  interest  in  students  was  keen  and  warm.  His  home  was 
the  haven  of  very  many  through  the  decades.  His  relations 
were  intimate  and  confidential  with  not  a  few.  The  i)rofessor 
kept  his  heart  young  always  so  as  to  attract  the  friendship 
of  the  undergraduates.  He  seldom  forgot  a  student  whom 
he  had  met  in  his  long  career.  After  a  half  century  by  the 
tone  of  tlie  voice  he  could  name  the  speaker.  ^Msltors  to 
Meadville  brought  frequently  tlie  message  from  alumni  widely 
scattered,  '"tell  Dr.  Hamnett  that  you  saw  us  and  give  him 
our  greeting." 

The  college  delighted  to  honor  him  for  his  faithful  pro- 
tracted labors.  Upon  his  ninetieth  anniver.sary  in  1006  a 
unique  service  was  held  in  Ford  Memorial  Chapel.  Roses 
from  the  college  classes  and  jiurses  of  gold  from  Trustees  and 
alumni  were  testimonials  of  esteem.  At  night  an  illumin- 
ation of  the  campus  amid  the  January  snow  and  a  great  re- 
ception in  the  beautiful  library  marked  the  year  of  Dr.  Han;- 
nett's  retirement  from  active  duties.  By  a  special  ruling,  he 
was  then  placed  on  the  pension  list  of  the  Carnegie  Founda- 
tion. 

The  good  Doctor  was  a  niati  of  simplicity  and  of  gener- 
osity. His  urbanity,  accompanied  by  a  gracious  dignity,  won 
for  him  a  universal  esteem  and  love.  He  attained  a  serenity 
of  soul  that  made  his  presence  a  benediction.  He  had  a  di- 
versity of  talent,  but  always  gave  of  his  best  to  the  college. 
He  felt  he  was  directly  called  of  God  to  his  work  in  Alle- 
gheny. He  was  an  example  of  whole-hearted  devotion  to  his 
ahna  matrr.  Bishop  Thoburn  in  the  memorial  service  of  1910 
said  of  him.     "I   have  never  known  a  man   to  make  so  much 

[  :55:}  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

out  of  a  life  time."     He  was  a  Trustee  of  the  college  from 
1805  to  1910. 

At  his  own  fireside  Dr.  Hamnett  was  a  rare  spirit.  Here 
in  his  latter  days  he  held  court  over  many  devoted  friends 
and  admirers.  He  kept  accurately  informed  on  public  affairs. 
He  was  generous  in  appreciation  of  all  progress.  He  rejoiced 
fervently  in  the  notable  advance  of  tlie  college  in  the  new 
century.  His  life  viewed  as  a  whole  was  like  a  perfect  day 
with  a  lingering  beautiful  twilight  and  there  remained  to 
make  it  complete,  as  he  passed  August  29.  1910.  tlie  boundary 
into  the  larger  existence,  only  the  Master's,  ''Well  done.' 
High  in  Allegheny's  Hall  of  Fame  stands  the  name  of  Jona- 
than Hamnett,  '39,  teacher,  gentleman,  philosopher  and  Chris- 
tian. 

l?Ev.  MosKs  Crow^  D.  D.,  principal  of  the  preparatory  de- 
partment, 1841-8.  entered  Allegheny  College  in  18:U  from 
Smethport.  Pa.  He  took  work  in  the  ^lethodist  ministry  the 
next  year,  but  returned  to  Meadville  to  finish  his  studies  in 
1840.  He  was  greatly  prized  as  a  teacher  and  regarded  as 
one  of  the  ablest  alumni.  But  he  preferred  the  pulpit  to  tlie 
class  room  and  transferred  from  the  Erie  to  the  Genesee  Con- 
ference. The  college  in  its  new  prosperity  in  1810  sought  to 
regain  him  in  the  Faculty,  but  he  remained  in  im])<)rtant  pas- 
torates in  New  York  until  1S.~)2.  wlien  he  became  the  principal 
of  Genesee  AYesleyan  Seminary  and  later  a  professor  in 
Genesee  College.  Ill  health  overtaking  him.  after  a  period  of 
inactivity,  he  died  at  Geneva.  N.  Y..  in  18r)9. 

l\i;v.  J^oKKxzo  1).  AYii.i.iA.Ms.  A.  M.,  jtrofessor  of  natural 
sciences,  184.~)-02.  vice-president  18r)7-0.'>.  was  born  in  Cazen- 
ovia.  N.  Y..  in  181:!,  ihc  son  of  Kev.  Benajah  Williams,  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Genesee  Methodist  Conference.  After  his  course 
in  tlie  seminary  at  Lima,  where  Professor  -lolni  Barker  was 
one  of  liis  instructors,  he  was  licensed  to  jireach  and  later 
became  a  member  of  the  Erie  Conference.  He  came  to  his 
work  at  Allgheny  with  a  tine  rcMord  of  several  years'  teach- 
ing. He  was  small  of  stature,  stout,  of  an  active  mind  and 
\(M'satile  attainments. 

[  :^-->4  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLECJHKXY  COLLE(JE 

Professor  Willinnis  was  a  man  of  vijior  ini<l  entbusiasm, 
prosecuting  his  work  witli  an  enerjjy  tliat  inspired  his  classes. 
His  Christian  faith  was  a  dominant  diaracteristic  and  in  his 
teachinij  of  tlie  sciences  it  never  occurred  to  liim  that  his  dd- 


Rev.  Lorenzo  D.  WiHiams,  A.  M. 

])artment  led  to  any  conflict  with  religious  truths.  His  bril- 
liant services  in  the  class  room  gave  reputation  to  the  college. 
He  Avas  active  in  the  community,  often  giving  popular  lectures 
and  carrying  on  outside  investigations.  Chemistry,  astron- 
omy, miueralogy  and  geology  were  the  prescribed  courses  in 
college,  geology  being  the  favorite  study  of  the  instructor. 

After  a  long  inactive  relation  to  the  Erie  Conference,  he 
was  readnntted  in  18.V>  and  took  his  stand  in  that  body  with 

[  -Ar^r^  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

tlie  resolute  company  of  Allegheny  professors  and  alumni, 
wlio  were  the  persistent  champions  of  the  anti-slavery  cause. 
Professor  "Williams  was  an  able  controversialist  and  his  arti- 
cles on  freedom  appeared  often  in  the  local  and  church  papers. 
AVhen  Professor  Kingsley  became  the  editor  of  a  denomina 
lional  periodical,  he  succeeded  him  as  vice  president  of  Alle- 
gheny. He  was  a  fearless  advocate  of  the  principles  of  the 
new  Republican  party  and.  as  war  drew  nigh,  his  voice  was 
resolute  against  the  South. 

The  professor  encouraged  the  patriotism  of  the  Allegheny 
College  A'olunteers  and  sent  his  two  sons  into  the  army.  In 
]Sf)2.  he  joined  the  111th  Reg't  as  chaplain.  After  two  years 
campaigning  he  entered  the  active  ministry;  among  various 
appointments,  being  assistant  pastor  of  the  First  Church. 
Meadville,  and  acting  as  financial  agent  of  the  college.  From 
18.57  to  1878  he  was  a  member  of  the  Centenars'  Board  of  the 
Erie  Conference.  He  maintained  a  lively  interest  in  public 
affairs,  being  a  vigorous  supporter  of  local  option.  This  posi- 
tion of  his  led  to  curious  hoax  in  1873  sprung  by  two  liquor 
opponents.  They  spread  the  report  he  had  been  killed  in  a 
runaway  near  his  farm  east  of  town.  The  news  got  into  the 
Cleveland  Leader  and  an  obituary  was  being  printed  by  the 
Christian  Advocate,  when  a  correction  reached  Pittsburgh 
and  stopped  the  presses. 

Professor  Williams  held  the  office  of  postmaster  of  Mead- 
ville from  1873  to  1878.  He  was  an  influential  and  highly 
respected  citizen.  Just  the  week  before  his  demise,  he  con- 
tributed to  the  church  periodical  a  remarkable  article  ex- 
pressive of  his  personal  creed  and  entitled,  '*?^or  now  we  know 
ill   part."     His  death  came  suddenly,  October  14,  1878. 

Rev.  William  Htnter,  D.  D.,  professor  of  Hebrew  and 
Biblical  Literature,  1857-70,  was  born  in  Ireland,  ^May  20.  18U 
and  came  to  eastern  Pennsylvania  when  a  child.  Hearing  ol" 
Ma<lisoii  College  he  travelled  on  foot  westward  to  enter  as  a  stu- 
dent in  18.'>0.  Here  he  became  a  protege  of  Professor  Charles 
Elliott  and  entered  the  IMttsburgh  Conference  when  the  college 
AViis  closed.     So  well   had   he  profited  by  his  'raining  and   so 

[  :',50  ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALJ.E(;iIEXY   (X)LLi:(JE 

favorably  was  liis  wortli  esteemed  that  within  two  years  after 
tlie  founding'  of  the  ('oxi'kkknck  Joikxak,  tlie  young  preacher 
was  elected  its  editor,  holding  the  ]»l;ice  from  ]<S:}()  to  1840. 
Again,   the   (Jeneral   Conference   of   Methodism    chose   him    t^ 


Rev.  William  Hunter   D.  D. 

8ame  position  for  two  qnadreiiniums.  1844:  to  1852,  the  period- 
ical being  named  the  PrrTsnuRGii  Ciihistiax  Advocatk. 

Dr.  Hunter  in  all  these  years  was  the  Arm  friend  of  Alle- 
gheny College  and  the  editorial  columns  never  lost  an  oppor- 
tunity to  urge  the  claims  of  the  institution  upon  its  Meth- 
odist readers.  Accordingly  when  the  Biblical  Department  was 
created  in  1855,  Dr.  Hunter  was  invited  to  take  dir(!ctiou  of 
it.     He  showed  much  zeal  for  the  new  foundation  and  created 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

a  strong  esprit  dc  corps  among  the  ministerial  students.  He 
organized  the  Biblical  Literary  Society  and  contributed  large- 
ly to  the  increase  of  the  religious  life  of  the  college. 

The  Biblical  professor  was  a  man  of  solid  attainments. 
He  was  plain  and  unpretentious  in  appearance,  rather  easy 
going  in  the  class  room.  Dr.  Hunter  was  modest  and  humble 
in  the  estimate  of  the  undoubted  powers  that  he  possessed. 
He  disclaimed  to  use  any  of  the  arts  of  the  orator,  but  his 
sterling  thouglits  did  not  fail  to  be  expressed  in  a  clear  com- 
pact manner.  He  had  a  big  mind  and  was  distinctively  a 
character  builder. 

The  new  program  in  the  Methodist  Church  for  theological 
training  made  the  Biblical  course  in  Allegheny  less  important 
and  in  1870  Dr.  Hunter  resigned  his  chair  to  reenter  the 
ministry.  In  1ST2  he  once  more  became  the  editor  of  the 
Advocate  at  Pittsburgh  for  four  years,  and  then  being  a  mem- 
ber of  the  East  Ohio  Conference,  he  came  to  his  death  in 
Cleveland,  October  18.  1877,  when  it  seemed  several  years  of 
active  service  were  yet  before  him.  Memorial  services  were 
held  in  Allegheny  College  and  the  Stone  Church,  Meadville. 
He  was  esteemed  by  all  for  liis  integrity  and  ability.  In  the 
editorial  and  professorial  chairs  he  wielded  an  influence  that 
has  gone  out  to  wide  areas.  As  a  hymnologist,  his  stanzas  re- 
ceived an  international  circulation,  manj-  of  them  being  trans 
lated  and  reproduced  in  various  lands.  One  of  his  best 
known  liymns  is  '"My  heavenly  home  is  bright  and  fair." 

Kkv.  .Lvmks  Makvix,  D.  D.,  was  born  in  Clinton  County 
N.  Y.,  in  1820.  Working  on  a  farm  in  his  young  manhood 
lie  attended  at  intervals  Keysville  Academy.  Clearing  land 
as  a  pioneer,  and  teaching  school  in  the  winters,  he  acquired 
the  means  evenlnally  to  i)repare  further  in  Alfred  Academy 
for  a  colh'ge  1  raining  in  Allegheny,  from  whence  he  was 
gradnated  in  IS.")].  He  returned  to  Alfred  Academy,  now 
known  as  Alfi-ed  I'liiversity,  to  teach  for  five  years,  then  held 
a  city  snperint<'iidency  in  Ohio.  He  came  in  18(52  to  his  alma 
iiKitcr  to  be  ])i'ofess(»r  of  mathematics,  a   chair  tlnit  had   not 

[  :{.-,8  ] 


IIISTOirV   OF   ALLKdHEW   C()LLI':(}E 

been  regularly  IUUmI  since  the  (lei)ai-tiii-e  of  Calvin   Ivingsley 
in  1850. 

I'rofe.s.soi-  Marvin  was  licensed  to  i)reacli  by  tlie  Methodist 
Church  in  IS.").     ]le  was  admitted  to  the  IMttsburuJ!  Confer- 


Rev.  James  Marvin,  D.  D, 

ence  in  1863.  In  Allegheny  College  for  a  dozen  years  he  was 
one  of  the  strong  men  of  the  Faculty.  He  was  an  excellent 
teacher,  of  winning  personality,  and  greatly  respected  and 
beloved  by  the  student  body.  He  published  a  text  on  arith- 
metic. His  labors  at  Meadville  constantly  developed  him  and 
he  was  recognized  as  a  man  of  energy  and  power. 

Though  Allegheny  was  in   search  of  a   ])resident  in   1874. 

[  350  ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

it  was  the  University  of  Kansas  that  called  James  Marvin 
lo  its  executive  chair.  When  he  took  charge  in  .Jannary. 
1875,  there  were  two  hundred  students.  When  he  resigned 
as  chancellor  eight  years  later  the  institution  had  an  enroll- 
ment of  six  hundred,  every  county  in  the  state  being  repre- 
sented. He  had  entire  charge  of  the  educational  and  finan 
cial  interests  in  this  period  and  his  is  the  praise  for  the  largo 
success.  In  truth  he  literally  made  the  University.  By  mas- 
terful planning,  tactful  effort,  perennial  enthusiasm  and  a 
great  personal  influence  among  all  classes  of  men  he  brought 
this  educational  plant  in  a  great  state  to  be  an  object  of 
affectionate  pride  to  all  Kansas.  It  was  said  of  the  chancel- 
lor that  he  sought  the  personal  acquaintance  of  every  student 
on  the  campus,  and  was  loved  as  a  father  by  all  the  matricu- 
lates. 

Dr.  Marvin  was  called  at  once  in  1881  by  the  U.  S.  Gov- 
ernment to  organize  the  Haskell  Indian  Institute.  The  edu- 
cation of  the  red  man  was  a  new  field,  but  the  program  he 
worked  out  became  the  accepted  policy  of  his  successors. 
After  an  effective  pastorate  of  several  years  in  Lawrence, 
Kansas,  he  took  a  superannuated  relation  and  passed  to  his 
final  reward,  .luly  11,  1901.  Few  if  any  sons  of  Allegheny 
have  wrought  more  worthily  than  the  pastor,  the  professor, 
the  chancellor,  the  Keverend  James  Marvin,  D.  D. 

•Jkkemiaii  Ting[.kv,  Ph.  D.,  LL.  1).,  professor  of  natural 
science,  3803-1880,  was  born  in  Cadiz.  O.,  May  12,  1820.  His 
relationship  to  Mattliew  Sim]»son  led  him  to  Asbury  Uni- 
versity, where  his  uncle  was  jiresident.  He  was  graduated 
in  18r)0  with  honor  and  taught  in  Ihe  new  AVesleyau  Female 
College,  Cleveland  Military  School  and  Baldwin  Institute, 
later  University.  He  came  to  Allegheny  in  the  midst  of  the 
Civil  War  as  tli<'  successor  of  IM-ofessor  L.  D.  Williams. 

TIk;  science  <lei)ai'tment  had  enjoycil  no  small  ]>oi)iilarity 
in  the  past,  but  the-  labors  of  Professoi-  Tingley  brought  to 
Allegheny  a  rejintation  far  beyond  Ihe  bordei-s  of  the  State. 
lie  was  an  iiidcfaligable  workei*  and  had  Ihe  ideal  enlliusiasm 
<»f  the  nalni-alist  f(tr  his  subject.      Hnl   better  than  these  cliar- 

1  .-.oo  1 


HiSTOKv  OF  alij-:(jiii:nv  collkce 

acteristics,  he  wiis  a  leaclici  /xir  r.rcclhncr.  He  knew  how  to 
impart  inspiration  to  his  stinhMits.  liis  methods  were  pro 
jrressive.  Science  was  not  an  alVair  of  hooks,  hiit  of  indi- 
^i(lnal  exi)erimentation. 


Jeremiah  Tingley,  Ph.  D.,  LL.  D. 

The  vacations  of  Dr.  Tin<;ley  were  ji'iven  to  personal 
study.  He  spent  a  summer  with  A<>assiz  at  l*enikese.  He 
traveled  in  Euro]»e,  makin.n'  colh'ctions  of  scientific  lirera- 
ture.  He  Avas  the  careful  cataloj»uer  of  portions  of  the  valu- 
ahle  cabinets  secured  during;'  the  Loomis  adminisf ration. 
One  of  his  andntions  was  to  secure  s])ecimens  of  the  im- 
portant plant  life  of  Northwestern  Pennsylvania.  The  ecpiip- 
ment  of  his  laboratories  was  fairly  comi)lete  for  the  ]ieriod 
and  the  traininji'  in  science  was  second  to  that  of  no  other 
course  offered   in   the   institution. 

[  -5(51    ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

But  strong  as  this  teacher  was  professionally,  his  person- 
al charm  was  even  more  potent.  No  man  in  the  Faculty  for 
a  score  of  years  was  so  generally  beloved.  The  regard  of 
the  alumni  for  Dr.  Tingley  is  something  akin  to  the  reverence 
the  oldest  graduates  now  feel  for  President  John  Barker. 
His  home  in  Bentley  was  a  place  of  royal  hospitality.  He 
was  an  earnest  advocate  of  the  higher  education  of  women, 
conducting  with  Professor  Hyde  a  ladies'  school  in  Mead- 
ville  before  coeducation  began  in  Allegheny. 

The  man  was  a  gracious  embodiment  of  culture  in  its 
truest  sense.  He  was  a  patron  of  the  fine  arts  and  music. 
In  Meadville  he  led  the  choir  of  the  Stone  Church  for  several 
years.  In  his  declining  days  the  works  of  the  great  masters 
of  melody  were  his  constant  solace.  He  had  a  passion  for 
books  and  kept  abreast  of  the  times  in  his  subject,  even  after 
he  had  retired.  In  his  libraiy  on  the  Northside,  Pittsburgh, 
there  was  this  sentiment  on  its  walls,  '"The  library-  is  but  a 
land  of  shadows.  The  hosts  of  thought  are  dwellers  here. 
And  thought  is  life." 

After  Dr.  Tinglej's  departure  from  Allegheny  College,  he 
took  the  chair  of  chemistry  in  the  West  Penn  Medical  Col- 
lege. He  also  entered  the  corps  of  instructors  of  tlie  Alle- 
gheny City  High  School.  For  twenty  years  he  continued  as 
an  active  teacher,  rounding  out  a  service  in  the  i>rofession 
of  over  sixty  years.  He  retired  with  much  lienor  in  1907  and 
for  the  last  two  years  had  been  confined  to  his  home  in  Pitts- 
burgh. On  May  29,  1915,  he  passed  away  at  the  age  of  eighty- 
nine. 

Many  thousand  students  in  college,  medical  and  high 
school  have  been  under  his  instruction  and  for  him  they  have 
ever  maintained  the  first  i)lace  in  their  affection.  His  quaint, 
modest  home  on  Sturgeon  street  has  been  a  Mecca  for  numer- 
ous pilgrimages  from  all  parts  of  Pittsburgh  and  many  dis- 
tant jdaces.  Frefjuent  tokens  of  regard  came  to  the  aged, 
failing  professor.  His  memory  is  ])reserve<l  in  Allegheny  Col- 
lege  by   the  Tingley    Biological    Club.     A   handsome   portrait 

[  :;(;l>  ] 


IIISTOKY   OF   AL[J<:(;ili:XY   COLLEdE 

of  him,  tlie  <^ift  of  tlio  aluiniii  of  the  Seventies  and  Eighties, 
will  adorn  tlie  new  AIcUmi   Hall  of  Hiolojiv. 

Dr.  .].  ^r.  Thobni'ii.  dr.,  'SI,  has  paid  this  heanliftil  tribute 
to  his  professor,  "The  ciiarni  of  his  life  was  his  simple  trust 
in  (lod,  as  he  soui^ht  and  mastered  the  secrets  and  forces 
of  God's  natural  world.  (Ireater  than  his  intellectual  work 
was  the  insjdratiou  of  his  ]»ersoiial  life.  To  live  again  in 
the  virtue  ami  the  ha]»i)iness  of  his  students  was  his  greatest 
and)ition.  And  as  long  as  one  of  them  lives,  he  being  dead 
will   still   speak." 


Professor  Ammi  B.  Hyde 

In  the  period  after  the  Civil  AVar,  in  the  administrations 
of  Presidents  Loomis,  Bugbee  and  Wheeler,  no  member  of 
the  Faculty  had  so  })rouounced  an  iudividimlit}-  as  did  Ammi 
B.  Hyde.  He  was  ])rofessor  of  (Jreek  language  and  literature, 
1864  to  1875,  of  Greek  and  Hebrew,  187.")  to  1877,  of  Hebrew 


HI8T0KY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

and  English.  1877  to  1880,  of  Hebrew  and  Biblical  literature. 

1880  to  1884. 

He  was  born  in  Oxford,  N.  Y.,  March  13,  1825.  He  was 
early  prepared  in  Gi-eek,  Latin  and  Hebrew  and  at  eighteen 
years  of  age  entered  Wesleyan  L^nisersity.  Here  he  excelled 
as  a  student,  winning  election  to  the  I*hi  Beta  Kappa  Society 
upon  his  graduation  in  184G.  He  became  at  once  teacher  of 
languages  in  Cazenovia  t^eminary,  being  eminently  useful  in 
many  capacities  and  in  a  term  of  fifteen  years  developing  his 
unique  personality.  While  in  college  he  had  been  licensed  to 
preach  and  in  18G2  he  went  into  the  active  ministry  in  the 
Genesee  Conference.  Patriotism  was  a  dominant  character- 
istic of  Professor  Hyde  and  uearing  the  age  of  forty  he  volun 
teered  for  service  in  the  Union  Army.  All  his  life,  physical 
activity  has  been  his  pride,  but  he  was  not  accepted  for  the 
ranks  in  180-1,  being  sent  into  the  L".  S.  Sanitary  Commission. 

After  a  year  in  Virginia  with  General  Grant,  the  professor 
took  the  chair  in  Allegheny  College,  vacated  by  Alexander 
Martin.  He  was  now  in  the  prime  of  life  and  gave  liimself 
vigorously  for  twenty  years  to  the  service  of  ihe  college.  He 
was  the  zealous  supporter  of  the  programs  of  his  superiors, 
appeared  in  many  educational  conferences  and  gained  a  wide 
reputation  as  a  lecturer  and  writer.  He  was  an  eloquent  ex- 
ponent of  the  cordial  relations  of  town  and  gown.  As  tin? 
orator  at  the  ])lanting  of  the  Centennial  Oak  on  the  Diamond, 
•Tuly  1.  187)!.  he  said:  "In  another  hundred  years  our  city  will 
even  then  be  young.  The  colh'ge  will  look  on  the  Court  H<tuse 
and  the  Court  House  will  look  on  the  Diamond,  still  blest 
with  summei'  greenness  beneath  sun  and  rain.  The  college 
enlarge<l  by  generous  ]>atrons  will  dispense  its  gai-nere;l 
wealth,  i-ich  in  all  resources.  Around  this  Diamond  will 
still  l)e  tem]»les  of  .Justice  and  Religion  to  i-epi'ess  the  dis- 
orders of  this  and  inspire  hoi)es  of  the  life  to  come." 

Professor  Hyde  was  widely  fanu'd  for  his  wit.  His  hon 
Diot.s  are  yet  repeated.  His  humor  was  distinctly  original. 
It  niiide  him  the  life  of  social  galhci-ings  and  added  much 
spice  to  the  class  room.     AN'hile  his  jocoscness  was  iterennial 

r  :'><;i  1 


HISTOKY  OF  ALI.EGIIFXY   C()LLE(;E 

he  kept  his  fun  witliin  boniids.  He  was  deeined  by  not  a  few 
thoujjli  as  an  eccentric  man,  but  his  very  mannerisms  height- 
ened the  influence  of  his  personality.  lie  was  a  vigorous 
molding  force  of  the  student  life  of  Allegheny  and  as  an  ex- 
]»onent  of  the  classics  ancient  and  modern  set  a  high  standard 
of  scholarship  in  the  college  for  a  score  of  years. 

Denver  University  called  him  in  1884  to  be  professor  of 
Greek  and  here  in  the  west  the  professor  renewed  his  youth, 
teaching  a  quarter  of  a  century  more.  Tn  1015,  at  the  age  of 
ninety,  his  mind  is  yet  acute.  While  in  Meadville,  he  began 
his  literary  activities,  becoming  a  well  known  religious  ex- 
])ositor  and  writing  much  for  the  church  periodicals.  He  has 
published  volumes  of  poems  and  essays  and  ''The  Story  of 
Methodism."  Bishop  Wm.  F.  McDowell  has  given  the  follow 
ing  line  characterization  of  Dr.  Hyde,  "  graduate  of  old  Wes- 
leyan  in  the  days  of  Fisk  and  Olin,  a  worthy  associate  of  a 
long  line  of  scholars,  a  contemporary  of  the  great  of  all  ages, 
a  citizen  of  all  centuries,  teacher  of  literature,  interpreter  of 
literature,  maker  of  literature;  living  definition  of  the  histor- 
ic Christian  scholar;  loyal  disciple  of  the  truth,  faithful  be- 
liever in  Christ  and  true  friend  of  (lod.'' 

Charles  "W.  Reid,  A.  M.,  professor  of  modern  languages 
and  of  the  history  of  fine  arts,  1872-77,  of  Greek,  1877-86,  was 
born  June  10,  184:1  at  Brandywine  ^lanor,  Chester  County, 
Pa.  He  prepared  for  college  at  the  riiiladelphia  High  School 
and  was  graduated  from  Dickinson  in  1804.  He  made  a 
brilliant  record  as  a  student  and  after  teaching  a  while  spent 
three  years  in  post-graduate  work  in  the  German  universities. 
He  succeeded  at  Allegheny  in  the  chair  of  modern  languages 
the  capable  Professor  George  Comfort,  who  had  been  called 
To  Syracuse  University. 

Professor  Beid  came  to  his  work  m  ith  high  ideals  of  schol- 
arship and  a  splendid  equipment  for  teaching.  He  intro- 
duced the  newer  methods  of  instruction  in  languages,  especial- 
ly that  of  the  written  lesson,  and  became  the  drill  master  of 
the  Faculty.  When  he  was  transferred  to  the  Greek  Depart- 
ments following  Dr.  Hyde,  he  maintained  similar  rigid  stand- 

[  :](>r,  ] 


HI8T0RY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

ards.  The  professor  was  a  man  of  excellent  judgement  and 
executive  ability,  contributinj;  much  to  the  successful  admin- 
istration of  the  college.  He  was  active  in  the  church  affairs 
of  the  town.     After  his  resignation   he  became  professor  of 


Professor  Charles  W.  Reid,  A.  M. 

Greek  in  St.  .lolin's  College,  :Marvlan(l.  and  from  ISSO  to  190:^ 
was  president  of  Washington  College.  Chestertown.  Md.  He 
now  lives  at  Milford,  Del. 

PFtOFEssoii  (Ji;()U(;i:  W.  Haskins  was  l>orn  in  Ci-awford 
County.  Pennsylvania.  May  27.  1S4L*.  He  was  early  and)ilious 
foi-  self  im])rf»v<'ment.  At  fourte<'n  he  was  teacliing  a  coun 
try  school.  He  finally  gained  the  means  to  study  in  the 
Meadville  Academy  and  to  c(»mplete  the  course  in  Allegheny 
College  in  1S<;4.  He  made  an  excellent  i-ecoi-d.  displaying 
much     literary     talent.     Serving    as    jtrincipal     of    the    local 

r  .-mk;  1 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEdllENY  rOLLE(JE 

academy,  lie  also  began  the  study  of  law.     Admitted  to  the 
bar,  he  formed  a  partnership  witli  Hon.  J.  J.  Henderson. 

In  a  few  years,  Mr.  Haskins  retnrned  to  tlie  teaching  pro- 
fession, filling  the  position  of  superintendent  of  Meadville  pub- 


Professor  George  W.  Haskins 

lie  schools  with  nmrked  efficiency  in  1872-.").  He  then  re- 
signed to  become  the  professor  of  Latin  in  Allegheny  College, 
occupying  the  chair  for  eleven  years.  He  brought  to  his  new 
duties  a  thorough  scholarship  and  tlie  accurate  methods  of  a 
competent,  rigorous  teacher.  His  strong  intellectual  powers 
and  cultured  personality  enabled  him  to  exert  a  profound  in- 
fluence upon  the  student  body. 

Bishop  Oldham  in  the  centennial  exercises  said  that  Pro- 
fessor Haskins  put  more  Latinity  into  his  students  than  a 
modern  university  president  could  use.  His  teaching  brought 
a  new  sense  of  tlie  value  of  learning.     In  his  class  room  Rome 

r  :^>(;t  1 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

lived  again.  If  he  was  criticaL  it  was  because  he  was  ac- 
curate. Lex  Scripta  was  his  maxim :  ''This  is  written  law." 
The  task  he  set  for  others  he  set  for  himself.  He  believed 
that  students  were  in  college  for  a  purpose.  The  slothful  an<l 
shallow  fellow  could  expect  the  sting  of  his  sarcasm.  He  ad 
hered  rigidly  to  a  lofty  ideal  of  rectitude  for  himself  as  an 
instructor. 

Professor  Haskins  in  his  relations  was  courteous  and 
gracious.  Several  of  the  most  succ^essful  alumni  of  Allegheny 
count  him  as  the  most  stimulating  factor  of  their  college  ca 
reers.  He  stood  for  the  standardization  of  college  work,  and 
the  advance  made  in  the  administration  of  the  class  roomfs 
and  the  coordination  of  records  in  the  various  courses  was 
due  to  his  labors.  In  1885-6  he  was  the  vice  president  of  the 
college. 

When  Professor  Haskins  resumed  the  practice  of  the  law. 
forming  a  partnership  with  Mr.  J.  O.  McClintock,  '72,  he  at 
once  took  first  rank  at  the  bar.  For  twenty  years  because  of 
his  thorough  knowledge,  his  accurate  judgement,  his  strong 
logic  and  his  keen  analytical  talent  he  was  the  admiratioi; 
and  the  emulation  of  his  legal  associates.  His  death  came 
suddenly  November  8,  1906.  In  the  community  Professor 
Haskins  had  stood  conspicuous  as  a  man  of  integrity  and 
power.  He  is  best  remembered  for  his  courageous  righleous- 
ness  and  his  rectitude  of  conduct  and  speech.  He  was  a  pub- 
lic spirited  citizen,  who  served  tlie  town  in  many  capacities. 
He  was  a  valuable  Trustee  of  Allegheny  College  and  an  in- 
fluential leader  in  the  First  M.  E.  Church. 

JAMES  HARI)IN(;  MONTGOMERY,  '77. 

"IHMANITY    CROWNED    H  !>[    I.IKK   A    KIX(;." 

James  H.  Montcjo.merv  was  a  ])roduct  of  northwestern 
IVnnsylvania.  He  was  l)<)rn  near  Conneautville  October  20, 
1852.  After  country  and  ]»rivate  schooling,  lie  entered  Alle 
glieny  as  a  preparatory  student.  He  ])ai(l  his  own  way 
through  college,  acting  as  laboratory  assistant  when  an  upper 
classman.     Aftei'  gradnation   in    1877,   lie  tauglit   in   the  pre- 

[  :568  ] 


HISTORY   OF  ALLE(JI1EXV   (H)LLH(}E 

])aratoi'y  scliool.  Fii  ISSO  lu*  received  liis  ^[aster's  deirree  and 
was  made  assistant  professor.  He  became  i»roressor  of  natur- 
al sciences  in  18SG,  succeeding;-  Dr.  Tin^ley.  When  the  chair 
of  biolo<>y  and  *;eolooT  was  fonmUMl  in  1S!)(;.  h<'  to(>k  the  de- 
]>artmenl  of  ])liysics  and  cliemistry. 


Professor  James  H.  Montgomery 

Hlinois  Tlniversity  conferred  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Phil- 
osophy u])on  the  science  professor  in  1888.  Tn  the  same  year 
he  refuse<l  a  call  to  the  University  of  the  I'acific.  Dr.  Mout 
gomery  was  intensely  devoted  to  his  alina  mater  and  declined 
all  financial  inducements  to  leave  its  service.  As  a  teacher 
he  was  drafted  in  emeroencies  to  give  instruction  in  nearly 
every  subject  of  the  curriculum  save  Hebrew  and  Greek.     He 


HISTOKY   OF  ALLE(;HEXY   COLLEGE 

was  with  the  college  in  its  modern  transition  and  was  spared 
to  participate  in  the  new  Allejiheny.  !?>erving  twenty-seven 
years  as  a  teacher  and  fifteen  years  as  vice  jtresident  he  came 
to  wield  a  jjre^it  and  <!;oo<l  inflnence  on  the  Hill. 

Dr.  Montgomery  was  e(pially  inflnential  in  Meadville.  He 
was  a  trnstee  of  varions  institutions,  an  official  in  several 
organizations,  a  member  of  the  school  board,  a  leader  in  the 
Methodist  Church  and  an  officer  of  the  Sabbath  School  for  a 
score  of  years.  In  all  these  relations  he  was  esteemed  and  be- 
loved universally  with  the  same  fervor  that  the  student  body 
and  college  authorities  cherished  for  him.  His  pastor.  Rev 
L.  C.  Bugbee  thus  exquisitely  defined  his  characteristics:  "The 
quality  which  perfectly  represents  the  personality  of  Dr. 
Montgomery  in  his  humanness.  Kindly,  genial,  unselfish, 
faithful,  real  and  all  other  lovable  qualities  of  heart  and  mind 
whidi  the  word  human  connotes.  It  is  this  which  created  in 
him  a  ]»eculiar  genius  for  friendship  among  men  of  most 
diverse  ty])es,  binding  them  to  him  with  hooks  of  steel.  It 
is  this  which  made  him  to  an  unusual  degree  the  confidant 
and  the  confessor  of  many.  The  boy  on  the  street  and  the 
student  in  the  college  each  felt  that  he  was  one  with  them 
in  syni|)athy  and  interest.  It  is  this  which  made  him  so 
familiar  and  beloved  a  figure  in  all  the  ]>ublic  and  social  life 
of  the  community.  For  men  always  seize  uj»on  a  "human''' 
when  they  find  him.  With  a  dispositi<ui  s(>  genial  and  so 
genuine,  he  was  a  favorite  in  every  circle,  while  his  sense 
of  honor  and  fair  jday  made  him  a  worthy  citizen  whose  ])art 
in  i>ublic  life  was  nobly  jdayed." 

The  genius  of  Dr.  Montgomcn-  for  friendship  <'X]»i*esse.l 
itself  in  a  love  f(u-  animals,  birds  and  all  living  creatures.  He 
was  much  under  the  o]>en  sky  and  was  always  the  protector 
of  the  innocent  things  of  natui-e.  All  life  was  reverenced  by 
him  f(tr  what  there  was  in  it  of  Cod.  His  religious  faith  was 
simple  and  fervent.  Tiie  spiritual  world  was  never  far  remote 
fiom  him.  Uut  religion  was  less  a  creed  than  a  j»vact ical, 
daily   living  in   his   thinking. 

Di".    .Montgomery    was    an    enthusiastic    teacher.      He    was 

[   --'TO   ] 


IirSTOKV   OF  ALLi:(JIIKXY   ('()LLi:(JK 

indvistrious  and  ])r<>^r('ssiv('  with  lai-j-c  ])1:ims  f(n-  his  dcpai-t- 
iiieiit.  The  Wilcox  Hall  of  Science  was  to  him  a  Kiijji'doni 
and  he  worked  steadily  to  have  the  fullest  e(ini|»nient  in  his 
laboratories.  He  was  an  expert  in  the  use  of  delicate  scien- 
tific a]»i)aratns.  He  was  keen  to  keep  abreast  of  the  latest  dis- 
coveries. Within  an  hour  after  learning  of  the  X-ray,  he  had 
produced  it  before  his  classes.  As  a  lecturer,  he  was  lii-st  of 
all  clear,  then  thorouj^h,  suji'^estive  and  inspirinji.  lie  s])oke 
often  on  scientific  themes  in  various  cities.  For  a  do/.en  years 
he  was  instructor  in  ]»liysics  in  the  summer  school  at  Chau- 
tau(pia,  N.  Y.  and  one  of  the  most  ])oi»ular  lecturers  before 
the  large  assendtly  in  the  auditorium  each  season. 

But  our  scientist  was  also  a  great  teacher  of  manhood. 
Whatever  the  tedmical  subject,  there  went  with  it  in  Wilcox 
Hall  instruction  in  clean,  vigorous,  helpful  conduct.  He 
knew  the  student  limitations  and  }>rol)lems.  His  tact  and 
versatility  opened  the  way  for  illuminating  talks.  He  was 
always  original,  now  witty,  now  serious,  but  always  he  made 
his  point  and  drove  home  the  lesson.  It  was  by  exani])le 
more  than  by  i)recept  however  that  Dr.  Montgomery  was 
most  potent.  His  unselfish  service  gave  an  ideal  tlmt  many 
sons  and  daughters  of  Allegheny  cherish  through  all  their 
lives.  He  too  often  burdened  himself  beyond  his  strength 
in  his  desire  to  assist  others.  As  an  administrative  oflicer  by 
his  wisdom  and  skill  he  jn-omoted  greatly  the  unity  and  ])eace 
of  the  student  body. 

As  vice  president  in  1902-:;  he  ])erformed  the  executive 
duties  largely  of  the  college  year.  As  the  senior  member  of 
the  Faculty  he  anticii)a1ed  a  well  earned  vacation,  foi-  he  was 
about  to  have  a  sabbatic  year  abroad,  when  a  malady  of  the 
arteries  comi)elled  an  o])eration.  Hut  he  was  too  far  sjUMit 
by  his  tireless  labors  at  the  post  of  duty  and  death  followed 
August  11,  l!l()4.  Karely  have  men  been  mourned  as  was  th" 
de]»arted  professor.  The  Stoiu'  (Miurch  Sabbath  Sch(H>l  ]»aid 
its  tribute  in  a  beautiful  memorial  window.  dei)icling  the 
(lod's  out-doors  he  so  devotedlv  loved.      His  name  on  »he  cam- 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

pus  is  preserved  in  tlie  great  Montgomery  Field,  where  stu- 
dent life  has  its  buoyant,  athletic  expression. 

President  Crawford  in  the  last  rites  at  Ford  Memorial 
Chapel  among  other  words  pronounced  this  eulog;\'  of  deepest 
appreciation.  "For  more  than  a  decade,  we  have  held  close 
counsel  together  and  worked  together.  I  respected  him,  hon- 
ored him.  depended  upon  him.  He  never  failed  those  who 
trusted  him,  and  we  all  trusted  him.  *  *  *  The  life  of  Dr.  Mont- 
gomery was  beautiful  and  fruitful,  well  rounded  and  sym 
metrical ;  a  manly  life ;  a  life  devoted  to  the  good  of  others ; 
a  life  full  of  Christ-like  thoughts  and  deeds.  A  life  unsullied, 
strong  and  helpful.  AYlio  can  estimate  the  influence  of  such 
a  life  as  this?  This  chapel  and  the  strains  of  the  organ  re 
call  sacred  associations  with  our  beloved  brother.  We  shall 
not  forget  him.  We  can  not.  His  spirit — it  is  with  God, 
and  with  us.  In  a  secure  place  in  our  memory  we  shall  put 
up  today  a  tablet  and  under  the  name  of  James  Harding 
Montgomery  we  shall  write, 

Scholar,  Teacher,  Friend 

Wise  counselor,  generous  helper,  manly  man 

Lover  of  nature  and  lover  of  God." 

Bishop  NAi"rH.\Li  Ltccock^  professor  of  mathematics, 
188r)-G,  professor  of  Greek  and  Latin,  1886-8,  was  born  at 
Kimbolton,  O.,  September  28,  1853.  He  graduated  from  Ohio 
Wesleyan  Fniversity  in  1874  and  became  a  member  of  the 
Pittsburgh  Conference  the  s;ime  year.  After  ten  years  in  the 
]»astorate  he  was  called  to  the  Faculty  of  Allegheny,  tirst  tak- 
ing the  place  of  Dr.  floff  in  mathematics,  then  the  next  year 
succeeding  to  tlie  woi-k  of  I'rofessor  Reid.  As  a  professor,  he 
was  thoroughly  ])opulaT'  with  the  student  body.  Ilis  marked 
literary  tastes  made  him  a  stimulating  teacher  in  the  classics. 
He  resigned  to  accept  the  jtasloi-ale  of  the  Fii-st  M.  E.  C^hurch 
of  Erie.  After  five  yeai-s,  he  was  assigned  to  Smithfield  Strwt 
Church,  IMttsburgh.  In  18!>7,  he  was  transferred  to  the  St. 
Louis   Confci-eiM-e,   whei-e   he  served   with   large  success.     He 

[  :'.72  ] 


HISTOKV   OF  ALLKdHEXV   COLLKdE 
became  joint-editor   of    tlie   Mktiioi>ist    Ma<;a7.i.\i;   and    repre- 


Bishop  Luccock 


sented  his  eliiirch  ii])on  iiiipoitant  coiiiniissions.  In  1912,  he 
Avas  elected  at  the  (lenei-al  Conference  in  Minneapolis  to  the 
Board  of  Bishops  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  (Churches.  His 
ei)isco})al  residence  is  Helena,  Montana. 


•loiix  AV.  Thomas,  IMi.  1).,  i»rofessor  of  Frencli  and  Ger- 
man, 1889  to  1901,  was  born  February  L'l,  LS")!)  in  Ne\v  Jer- 
sey, the  son  of  a  Afetliodist  minister.  He  was  j^raduated 
from  Dickinson  Colle<;e  in  1881  and  received  his  doctorate 
dejii-ee  from  Syra<-nse.  He  was  a  student  at  the  University  of 
< Jottin<ien,  1882-3,  and  at  the  t^orbonne,  Paris,  188.">-f;.  He 
tau<iht  modern  lan<iua<ies  in  the  Troy  Conference  Seminary 
and  the  C^athedral  School  of  St.  raul,  (Jarden  City,  L.  I. 

Dr.   Tliomas  was  wai-mly  welconu'd   to   Alh'jiheny,  for  he 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

came  with  a  large  eutliiisiasm  for  his  subjects.  He  believed 
that  the  modern  languages  should  be  largely  substituted  for 
the  classics  in  the  college  curriculum,  as  of  more  practical 

worth.  He  especially  con- 
tended for  the  European  sys- 
tem of  teaching  French  and 
German  and  endeavored  to  use 
the  conversational  method 
rather  than  the  time-worn 
grammar  and  reader.  His 
classes  were  always  crowded 
and  he  also  gave  instruction 
upon  occasion  in  Hebrew,  Ital- 
ian and  Spanish.  He  was  a 
tine  example  of  the  college 
teacher  who  occupied  a  settee 
rather  than  a  chair  in  the 
range  of  work  that  he  per- 
formed, and  it  was  all  done  cheerfully  and  effectively. 

Dr.  Thomas  was  the  secretary  of  the  Faculty  for  twelve 
years  and  served  faithfully  on  many  committees.  The  stu- 
dent body  tliought  him  strict  in  the  class  room,  but  knew  him 
to  be  eminently  fair  in  all  relations.  No  one  spoke  more  ac 
ce])tably  at  tlie  college  gatherings  than  he.  At  the  national 
Methodist  Convention  in  IMttsburgh  he  gave  one  of  the  im- 
portant addresses.  Dr.  Tliomas  Avrote  the  first  general  sketch 
of  tlie  liistory  of  Alleglieny.  He  resigned  in  1!)01  to  become 
liead  master  in  German  in  the  Brooklyn  High  School.  Here 
he  tauglit  with  large  success  until  his  deatli,  Decend)er  21. 
1000. 


PKOFESSOK  WrLLTA>[  TEXNEY  DT'TTON. 

A   'llUm  Ti;    !!V    .MJTIirK    WEI'.STKR   TIIOMl'SON,    '07. 

Professor  >Villiam  Tenney  Dutton  was  born  in  Hartford. 
^'el•mont,  June  7th,  1852.  I'assing  fi'om  the  common  scliools^ 
lie  accepted  an  apjmintment  to  the  Naval  Academy  at  An- 
napolis, ^fd..  in   1S70.     D<'ciding  to  j)re]Kire  as  a  teacher,  he 

[  -T4   ] 


HisToiJV  or  AiJ>i:<JHi:xv  comj'.ci: 

left  the  A(;nl('iiiy  loi-  1  >;irl  iikhH  li  ('ollcjic  in  1S72.  cntcniiu  tlic 
(Miaiidlcr  scicniilic  (Icpaiiiiiciit.  lie  rcccixcMl  tlic  dci^icc  ol"  IJ. 
S.  ill  ISTd  and  hcjiaii  his  life  work  as  a  tcaclicr  of  mat  liciiiat  ics 


Professor  W.  T.  Dutton 

at  Alexaii(l(M-  Iiistitntc,  AN'liitc  Plains.  X.  V.  In  ISSl  he  was 
made  vice-i)rinci]>al  of  llie  CnmlKM-laiid  \'alU'v  State  Noniial 
School  at  Sliii>iHMishnr<i.  i'a.  Here  he  reiiiaine<l  for  five  years, 
resi<>iiiii«i'  to  take  the  chair  of  niatheiiiat  ics  in  the  State  Normal 
at  Edinhoro.  l*a. 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

Professor  Duttoii  was  called  in  1890  to  Allegheny  College 
to  take  charge  of  the  department  of  mathematics  and  civil 
engineering.  His  inflnence  in  the  college  grew  steadily.  He 
was  acting  president  in  1900-10.  As  the  senior  member  of  the 
Faculty,  he  contributed  largely  to  the  success  which  Allegheny 
has  attained  in  recent  years.  He  was  keenly  alert  to  all  mat- 
ters affecting  good  government  and  sensed  the  municipality 
out  of  a  sense  of  public  duty.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Com- 
mon Council  of  Meadville  for  one  term  and  was  serving  the 
second  term  on  the  School  Board  at  the  time  of  his  dejith.  He 
was  active  in  the  Chamber  of  Commerce.  Professionally  he 
was  county  civil  engineer  for  Crawford  and  Venango  counties. 
He  was  a  Free  ^Eason  of  high  degi'ee  and  found  relaxation  in 
the  meetings  of  his  lodge.  He  passed  suddenly  from  his 
earthly  duties  as  he  was  on  his  way  to  the  college  Thursday 
morning.  March  19,  191-1. 

AVhen  the  writer  entered  Allegheny  College  in  the  fall  of 
1893,  the  trepidation  of  the  first  few  days  was  dispelled  by  the 
kind-hearted,  though  stern-visaged.  Professor  Button.  In 
keeping  with  the  corrugated  lines  of  his  brow,  he  lacked 
neither  firmness  nor  determination.  Yet  the  enforcement  of 
discipline  by  him  was  free  from  any  seeming  harshness.  No 
art  is  of  gi'eater  practical  value  than  the  ability  to  keep  the 
student  under  the  iron  rod  of  control  and  not  only  retain  but 
actually  increase  his  respect  and  love.  Beneath  all  was  that 
ever  kindly,  ever  miscliievous  twinkle  in  the  professor's  eye. 
It  is  either  the  acme  of  genius  or  inherent  power  of  hypnotism. 

I'rofes.sor  Dutton,  had  his  mind  been  engaged  with  the  de- 
sire of  success  as  measured  by  dollars  and  cents,  might,  it  is 
reasonable  to  suppose,  have  achieved  material  fortune,  but  his 
ideal  was  higher  tlian  this.  ''The  greatest  amount  of  good 
that  man  can  accom|»lisli  foi*  his  fellowman"  was  his  answer 
to  the  question,  ''Wliei-ein  lies  man's  liigliest  achievement?" 
Tlierefore  he  addressed  liimself  to  his  task  witli  entliusiasm, 
ho]»(*  and  faith,  and  at  the  same  time  witli  common  sense, 
wliicli.  as  Soci-ates  says,  is  tlie  gift  of  Heaven. 

It  was  my  ]»rivilege  to  sj)end  many  lionrs  in  the  courses  of 

[  -Td  ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLECiHEXY  COLLEGE 

the  l*rofessor's  department  and  to  observe  closely  the  methods 
which  made  him  so  valuable  a  teaclier.  I  frequently  assisted 
him  in  the  survey  of  farms  in  the  county.  When  I  drew  the 
plans  of  the  new  gymnasium,  his  pleasure  seemed  intense  tliat 
one  of  his  students  could  be  of  practical  aid.  By  his  encour- 
agement, I  made  a  study  of  the  railroad  and  highway  bridges 
out  from  Meadville  as  to  types  and  methods  of  construction. 
In  this  fashion  nuiny  young  men  were  urged,  inspired  and 
advanced  in  their  studies  practically  by  the  instructor  in 
engineering. 

This  earnest  nuin  might  have  largely  lightened  his  personal 
labors  by  the  acceptance  of  assistant  instructors,  with  a  con- 
sequent division  of  the  work,  but  he  would  have  none  of  them. 
His  notion  was  that  a  vast  difference  in  results  might  arise 
by  delegating  his  duties  to  others.  The  assistant  to  some  ex- 
tent broke  that  continuous  personal  contact  with  the  students, 
upon  which  he  rightly  counted  much,  and  the  full  value  of 
which  only  the  man  who  studied  under  Professor  Dntton  was 
able  to  comprehend  thoroughly. 

He  had  about  him  a  manner,  despite  the  extei-nal  sternness. 
a  quality  of  complete  accord  and  sympathy  with  his  well  mean- 
ing students  that  was  irresistible,  and  which  subtly  spurred 
them  on  to  the  highest  endeavors  of  which  they  were  capable 
in  order  to  Avin  his  satisfying  ''well  done".  For  a  man  to  fail 
in  Professor  Button's  class  signified  in  the  standard  of  the 
student  himself  disgrace.  The  well  meaning  students  1  inter- 
pret as  the  men  whose  purpose  was  to  get  on,  who  were  willing 
to  work  and  work  hard,  indefatigably.  He  had  no  pity  upon 
the  drones.  There  was  no  place  for  the  sluggard.  He  believed 
that  the  condition  of  success  is  faithful  work  and  that  what  is 
worth  doing  at  all  is  worth  doing  well. 

An  evidence  of  the  alTectionate  regard  existing  betwwu 
Professor  Dutton  and  his  former  students  is  revealed  in  the 
fact  that  he  watched  their  later  careers  with  the  interest  of  a 
father,  corresponding  with  them,  iirof erring  and  giving  coun- 
sel in  difficult  and  trying  situations.  Mnux  alumni  engineers 
were  accustomed  to  send  liim  blue  prints  and  written  descrip- 

[  -5' '    ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEdHEXY  COLLEGE 

tioiis  of  important  work  on  which  they  were  about  1o  be  or 
were  tlien  engaged. 

The  I'rofessor  was  wont  to  disphiy  a  depth  of  feelirig  when 
talking  about  the  young  men  who  luid  passed  from  under  his 
tutelage  aud  "made  good''  in  the  world.  A  year  before  his 
death,  .speaking  to  me  of  some  of  the  boys,  he  said,  "I  hope  that 
while  1  may  not  be  responsible  for  all  of  their  success,  I  may 
still  claim  some  hundjle  part  in  their  early  life".  This  was 
spoken  with  the  touching  humility  and  absolute  simplicity 
that  those  most  intimate  with  him  knew  so  accurately. 

Professor  Dutton  was  wrapped  up  in  Allegheny.  Her  well 
being  together  with  that  of  those  who  came  to  her  for  their 
education  held  first  place  in  his  thoughts.  According  to  his 
analysis,  the  two  were  identical,  the  progress  of  the  institu- 
tion meant  the  advancement  of  tlie  students.  No  toil  was  too 
severe  which  might  contribute  to  the  onward  march  of  both. 
I  recall  a  letter  sent  me  when  the  campaign  was  on  for  a  half 
million  endowment  for  Allegheny,  in  behalf  of  wiiich  he 
labored  like  a  Hercules.  He  wrote,  ''Thirty  thousand  was  set 
down  for  .Meadville's  portion.  We  have  raised  thirty-one 
thousand  dollars.  I  have  been  seldom  so  fatigued.  But  the 
half  million  means  much  to  the  college." 

I'rofessoi-  l)utton  was  warmly  concerned  for  the  moral 
rectitude  of  his  students  and  gave  them  stirring  injunctions. 
He  was  always  a  man  of  deej)  religious  fervor  and  a  consistent 
member  and  olticial  in  tlie  Methodist  Church.  I*resident  Craw- 
foi-d  in  his  ehxpient  memorial  address  said,  "The  modesty  of 
the  man,  so  apjtarent  in  all  the  routine  of  his  daily  lir4'  among 
us.  was  also  evident  in  his  i-eligious  life.  The  stu<lents  saw  in 
liim  a  wholesome  commingling  of  good  ridigion  and  good  com- 
mon sense.  He  will  always  \h'  tlx'ir  ideal  of  a  manly  Christian 
man." 

Tliei-e  come  ti-ooping  before  my  mind  a  goodly  company  of 
men  of  marl<,  who  ai-e  adding  to  tlie  sum  of  national  ]>i'os- 
]>erity.  |)i-omoting  the  cause  of  civili/.ation  and  excmi)lifying 
tlie  wisdom  and  i-edounding  to  the  gloi'v  of  theii'  ]»i'ece])tor, 
Pi-of<'ssoi'  |)utt(tn.     Allegheny  College  and   Meadville  will  con- 

[   -JTS  ] 


IIISTOKV   OF  AIJJ:(JIIJ:NV   COLLKdE 

tiinie  for  many  vcai-s  to  ivmciiihcr  with  deep  a])i>ivcialioii  The 
man  and  his  woi-k.  Jiut  cnslirincd  in  tlic  hearts  of  the  enj;i- 
iieerinj'  alumni  his  memory  will  he  l^ejtt  j^reen  and  the  recol- 
lections of  his  i»ers()nality  and  wctrth  will  live  as  loii^-  as  life 
shall  last. 

"When  a  i^ood  man  dies. 

For  years  heyoml  our  ken 
The  li<>ht  he  leaves  behind  him   lies 
Upon  the  i)atlis  of  men." 

AN'ii.i.iA.M  A.  lOi.LioTT.  L.  II.  I)..  ](i-incipal  of  i»re]»aratory 
school.  lSS!>-I)i!,  j»rofessor  of  (Ireek  and  Latin,  lS!H'-4,  jirofes- 
sor  of  (Jreek  Lanjiuajic  and  Litei-ature.  is;>-t,  rejiistrar  ]Sl»r>- 
]!>(>7.  vice  i»resident  1!)(I7-'.I.  was  iifadiiated  from  Alle<;heny  in 
1SS!».  In  colle<>e  he  was  active  in  literary  society  and  journal- 
ism. The  ])re])a]'atovy  school 
was  made  very  efficient  un- 
der his  char<i:e.  He  succeed- 
ed Dr.  Ti-tieman  in  18!>2  in 
the  classics,  the  most  tlior- 
ou^ih  specialist  the  depai't- 
nient  had  known  to  that 
time  and  maintained  its 
liijili  standards.  Before  tli'i 
l^njLilisli  Department  was 
ci-eated,  he  also  had  charjje 
of  the  Freshman  and  Sopho- 
more (dasses  in  the  subject. 
In  lS!)4-rt.  he  stn<lied  abroad; 
Dickinson  ('olle<;e  honored 
him  in  1!M>2  with  the  doctor- 
ate of  lit(M-atiire.  Dr.  Elli- 
ott has  increased  the  courses 
offered  in  (Jreek  and  some 
of  them  are  freely  elected  by  students  who  liave  no  knowledp;e 
of  Greek.  The  department  has  been  well  jtrovided  with  phot(.- 
i>Tai)hs,  lantern  slides  and  casts.  Dr.  Elliott  as  an  admiiiis 
Irative  officer  laid    the   fouiulation    of   the  excellent   i-eiiistra- 

[  •••nil   ] 


HTt^TORY  OF  ALLECxHENY  COLLEGE 

Tion  and  supervision  system  of  today.     He  has  been  for  sev- 
eral years  president  of  the  general  ahinmi  association. 

John  A^^  Perrix^  Ph.  D.,  professor  of  history  and  politics, 
2  895-8,  was  born  in  Eugene,  Ind.,  received  his  bachelor's  de- 
gree from  Illjuois  AVesleyan  in  1887  and  the  Master  of  Arts 
from  Wabash  College  in  1889.  His  graduate  work  was  done 
at  Johns  Hopkins  and  Chicago  Universities,  the  doctorate  in 


jiliilosojdiy  being  conferred  in  189.").  He  canic  to  Allegheny 
with  valnalde  ]>ractical  exin-riencc  as  an  instrnctor  and  organ- 
ized his  deiKirtnicnl   on  the  lines  foUowed   ;it   -lohns   Hopkins 

l)i".   Pei'i-in   was  an   abh'  leclni-er  and    was   iK'cnliai-ly   sue 
cessf'nl    in    h-adiiig   liis   stndcnts    into    (icbis   of   I'csearrli.     His 

[  :58()  1 


iiisToKV  OF  alij:(;iii-:xv  coLLKdi-: 

courses  wciv  larjivly  elective  and  vei-y  ixipular.  lie  look  an 
active  interest  in  the  college  life  and  enconraj^ed  vij^orously 
debate  and  liteiary  work.  He  was  the  i)atron  in  the  found- 
ino-  of  the  Litkrahv  Monthly.  lie  made  the  collep*  known 
abroad  by  a]»])earin<;'  as  a  I'niversity  Extension  lecturer  in 
many  cities,  lie  tilled  the  chaii-  ol"  history  one  summer  in 
the  ("hantaniina   ('ollej>e  of   Liberal  Arts. 

When  his  ])r()inolion  came  to  the  lladyn  professorship  of 
history  in  Western  lieserve  University  there  was  sincere  re 
gret  over  the  departure  from  ^Meadville  of  so  <:;ifted  and  in- 
.spirin<»'  a  personalitA'.  Dr.  I'errin  after  a  six  years  term  in 
his  new  ]>osition  became  the  librarian  of  the  notable  Case 
Library  of  Cleveland.  He  was  the  Albert  Shaw  lecturer  in 
American  l)i])l()matic  History  at  .Johns  Hojjkins  in  11)04:.  He 
returned  to  Allegheny  as  a  lecturer  in  IDO.")  and  1015.  He 
was  secretary  of  the  department  of  higher  education.  National 
Education  Association,  1!)0S.  He  is  a  frequent  contributor 
to  the  American  Historical  Khvikw^  North  A:siericax  Re- 
view^ Political  Science  Qiarterly,  Educational  Review 
and  the  magazine  editions  of  the  leading  city  papers.  Under 
his  management  the  Case  Library  has  been  built  up  to  have 
one  of  the  most  valuable  historical,  legal,  and  political  col- 
lections in  the  west. 

Edward  (\  Morey,  A.  :>!.,  Bradley  I'rofessor  of  Latin, 
Language  and  Literature,  181K;-11>02  was  a  graduate  of  Syra- 
cuse University  in  1884,  then  taught  in  Caxenovia  and  Mont- 
pelier  Seminaries  until  181)0.  He  had  two  years  graduate 
study  in  Harvard  University  and  then  was  Master  of  Lati.i 
in  the  Eoxbury  Latin  School.  Professor  Morey  was  a  suc- 
cessful teacher  in  Allegheny  and  very  popular  with  the  stu- 
dent body  and  townsfolk.  He  resigned  to  take  charge  of  the 
educational  work  of  the  Cleveland  Young  :Men's  Association. 
He  afterwards  entered  business,  being  connected  with  the 
Bank  of  Pittsburgh  and  leading  bonding  houses.  He  now  re- 
sides in  Pittsburgh. 

[     --^x^l      ] 


HISTOKV   OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

Ar.K  K   Hr.xTiX(,T(»x   Si'ai.dinc;,   Dean   of  Women,   1!)11.  in- 

sTinetoi'  in  public  speakino-,  180" — , 
is  a  jii-adnate  of  the  Cuninock 
^^(-•llool  of  Oi-atory.  Northwestern 
T'niversity.  She  has  contributed 
larji'ely  to  tlie  notable  oratorical 
victories  of  the  college.  She  has 
frequent  engagements  as  a  reader 
in  various  cities.  In  1014.  she 
Ktndied  expression  in  l*aris  and  in 
Italy.  As  Dean  of  Women  in  Hul- 
ings  Hall,  she  has  promoted  the 
social  life  with  rare  tact  and  much 
efhciencv. 


Ernest  Ashtox  Smith.  Vh.  D.,  professor  of  History  and 
Economics.  ISKS-IOIO,  l<n:> — .  came  to  Allegheny  after  three 
years  graduate  study  at  -lohns  Hopkins  T'niversity.     He  was 

graduated  from  Ohio 
AVesleyan  in  1888. 
studied  in  Oxford  Uni- 
versity. 1000.  Tniver- 
sity  of  London.  1007, 
( '(dumbia  University, 
1012-a.  In  1!)07.  he 
gave  the  Albert  Shaw 
Lectures  on  Dijdomatic 
history  at  Johns  Ho])- 
kins.  He  was  assistant 
]»rofessor  of  History, 
Tolitics  and  Economics 
in  Pi-inceton  T'niver- 
sity  lOlO-lOl:!.  He  has 
enlarg(Ml  ihe  depart- 
ment by  a  second  year's 
conrse  in  ]ioliiical  sci- 
ence and  by  ex])anding 
the  instruction   in  ecctnoniics  fioni  one  teiin   to  IW(»  veai-s.     lie 


I   :;s2  1 


IIISTOKV   OF   ALLKdllKNV   COLLKdE 

is  tlic  antlioi-  of  -Tlic  History  of  llic  ('oiif«Mlt'i-iUo  Treasury," 
'•HildebraiKl.  tlie  IJiiildcM-."  "Tlic  I  >ii»loiiiat  ic  rontesJ  for  the 
Oliio  N'alley."  and  "Martin  Kulcr,"'  in  the  Makers  of  Metho- 
dism series. 


H.  K.  MiNKoi:.  A.  M..  i»rofessor  of  lOnjilisIi  Lanjiiia^e  and 
Literature.  1S!)S-1!)(H'.  He  was  graduated  from  Wesleyan  Uni- 
versity in  ISSS  and  was  liead  of  the  I  )ei»ai-tmeut  of  English  in 
tlie  State  Normal  Scliool  at  ^HHersvilh'.  I'a..  ISiH-:;.  He  was 
a.ssistaut  professor  at  I'ennsylvauia  State  Uollejie  before  com- 
in«i'  to  Alle«;heuy.  J'rofessor  Munroe  was  a  charter  member  of 
the  I'lii  ]^eta  Ka]>j)a  Society  and  the  first  secretary  of  the 
cha])ter  here.  After  a  year  in  St.  Lawrence  Lniversity  he 
entered  the  Kii<>lisli  dejiartment  of  the  l^rooklyn  Hijih  School. 

Ci,arf:xcl  F.  Itoss,  A.  M.,  Bradh'y  ]»rofessor  of  Latin  Lan- 
jiuajie  aud  Literature,  1!)02 — ,  after  his  jiraduation  from  Alle- 

j^lieny   in    ISDl    became   ])ro- 

fessor  of  (Jreek  and  (lerman 
in  Missouri  Wesleyan  Col- 
lege. He  returned  in  1S02 
to  take  charjie  of  the  pre- 
paratory school  and  be- 
came  assistant  professor  in 
L'^l).").  He  studied  at  the 
University  of  Berlin  in 
iS;i(i-7  and  was  Senior  Fel 
low  in  the  University  of 
Uhica-io  in  ISDS-!).  Urofes- 
soi'  Koss  s]»ent  his  sabbatic 
year  of  IKOS-il  in  the  Ameri- 
can School  of  Classical 
Studies  in  Ifonie.  Under  his 
direction  the  number  of 
courses  otfei-ed  has  increased 
by  half  and  the  enrollment 
has  doubled,  though  Latin  lias  I»een  made  elective.     Thi'  dei>;irt- 


[  :;s:5  ] 


HI8T0KY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

iiient  has  beeu  supplied  with  antiquities,  models,  photographs 
aud  lantern  slides.  The  professor  has  been  a  contributor  to  the 
Eecords  of  the  Past^  Classical  Journal  and  American 
Journal  of  Archaeology. 

Albert  C.  Knudson^  Ph.  D.,  D.  D.,  professor  of  English 
Bible  and  Philosophy,  1002-G.  was  graduated  from  the  Uni- 
versity of  Minnesota  in  1893.  He  studied  in  Boston  University 
and  the  Universities  of  Jena  and  Berlin.  He  was  professor  of 
church  history  in  Denver  University,  1898-1900,  and  of  philoso- 
phy and  English  Bible  in  Baker  University,  1900-2.  At  Boston 
University  in  190(5  lie  took  the  chair  of  Hebrew  and  Old  Testa- 
ment exegesis.  He  is  the  author  of  "The  Old  Testament  Prob- 
lem" and  "The  Beacon  Lights  of  Prophecy." 


Frank  C.  Lockwood,  IMi.  1).,  professor  of  English  Lan- 
guage and  Literature,  1902- — ,  was  graduated  at  Baker  Uni- 
versity. He  has  studied  at  Ohio  Wesleyan,  Northwestern  and 
Wesleyan   L'niversities.   receiving  his   doctorate  from   Nortli 

western.  He  did  research  Avork  at 
Oxford  University  in  1909.  He  was 
professor  of  English  in  Mount 
Union  College.  1898-9  and  in  Kan- 
sas State  College  1900-2.  In  Alle- 
gheny he  has  ably  expanded  his  de- 
partment, having  since  1914  an  as- 
sistant professor.  He  has  gi-eatly 
stimulated  tlie  literary,  oratorical 
and  journalistic  interests  of  the 
college.  He  is  in  much  demand  for 
tho  Cliautauqua  lecture  platforms 
throughout  the  country.  He  was 
the  nominee  for  Congress  on  the 
J'rogressive  ticket  in  1914  in  the  XXIVth  District  of  Peun- 
.sylvania.  He  is  a  conspicuous  champion  of  the  Anti-Saloon 
League  in  the  State.  He  is  the  author  of  "Emerson  as  a 
Phil(»soi»her,-'   "Kobert   Browning"   and    "The   Freshman   and 

[  ''>^i  ] 


llISTOIfV  OF  ALLKC.IIHXV   roLLEdE 

His  (Jolle^v."     He   is  a   li'(M|mMit    coiitiihulor  to   llic  national 
])ei'io(licals. 


IJoiiKUT  S.  Bki;i;i)^  IMi.  I).,  ])i'<)ft'ss()i-  of  Biology  and  Oe- 
olojiv  l!K)2-1!)i:5,  was  j-Taduatcd  at  Ainlici-st  CollcjiC  in  1S!)S 
and   had   liis   doctorate  from    Harvard    in    1!»()2.     He   was   in- 

sti'uctor  in  the  rnivcrsity  of  Colo- 
rado. ISIIS-K,  and  assisant  in  7.00I0- 
«;y  in  Harvard.  1!M)()-1.  I'ndor  his 
direction  the  l)ioloji,ical  dei)artnient 
became  nH)re  aih^jnalely  e(ini])])ed. 
Special  work  was  inanji^nrated  in 
l)acteriolo<>y  and  coni]>arative  anato 
my.  Dr.  lireed  has  contril)ute<l  to 
the  scientitic  jonrnals  on  researches 
in  i)ost  end>ryonic  <level()j)ment  of 
insects  and  sanitary  i)r(»blems  con- 
nected with  ]nil)lic  milk  snj)])ly. 
He  became  in  1!>1:>  bacteriolo<?ist 
for  the  New  York  A<>ricnltnral  Ex- 
l»eriment  Station  at  (Jeneva. 

TiKv.  (tEOR(;e  a.  MrLFiNCJKK,  IMi.  I).,  i>rofessor  of  (Jernian 
Lan<>natie  and  J.,it(n'atnre,  l!»Or) — . 
was  ji'radnated  fi-om  Northwestern 
University  in  1SS.~).  He  stndied  at 
the  University  of  Tnebin<;en.  ISS!),  of 
Berlin.  ISllO-l  ;  he  received  his  doctor- 
ate from  the  University  of  (31iicai»(> 
i"n  U.)()l.  His  sabbatic  year  of  1<»11- 
'2  was  })assed  in  stndy  at  the  Uni- 
versities of  Mnnicli  and  Berlin.  He 
was  in  the  ministry,  1885-!),  being  a 
mend>er  of  the  (lernian  Metlnxlist 
Confei-ence  of  Uhicago.  In  that 
city  he  bnilt  one  of  the  important 
(Jerman  chnrches.  He  was  presi- 
dent of  tlie  (Jerman  M.  E.  Uolle<>e  of  Mt.  Pleasant.  Iowa,  181)2-4. 

[  :!8.-.  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

At  Allegbeuy,  Dr.  Miiltinger  became  the  first  head  of  the 
German  department.  He  has  seen  the  enrollment  of  his  classes 
treble  and  the  number  of  courses  given  is  doubled.  He  is  the 
author  of  Lenau  Studies  (German- Am  Annals)  and  of  ''Kiiren- 
berger"  of  the  Austrian  school  of  literature.  He  is  a  contri- 
butor to  the  Ai'0i-0(^ETE  and  to  Hats  and  Herd. 

H.  Edwaku  Wells,  Ph.  D.,  instructor  in  chemistry.  1902-3, 
assistant  professor,  1903-5.  professor  1905-7,  was  graduated 
from  Middleburv  College  1891,  and  had  his  doctorate  from 
the  L'niversity  of  Leipsic  in  1897.  He  was  instructor  in 
chemistry  in  Middlebury  College  in  1898,  in  Wesleyan  Uni- 
versity, 1899-1901,  professor  in  Beaver  College,  1901.  He 
was  the  first  head  of  the  cliemistry  department  in  Allegheny. 
He  resig^ned  to  take  the  chair  of  chemistry  in  Washington 
and  Jefferson  College  in  1907,  now  residing  at  Washington, 
Pa. 

M.  Emma  N.  Eraser^  Ph.  D.,  professor  of  Romance  Lan- 
guages, 1905-10,  Dean  of  Women,  1905-10,  was  graduated  from 
The  University  of  Toronto  in  1895;  she  took  her  doctorate  at 
the  University  of  I'ennsylvania  in  1898.  She  was  professor 
of  Romance  Languages  in  Elmira  College  1898-1905.  Dr. 
Eraser  was  the  first  woman  to  be  made  head  of  a  department 
in  Allegheny  College.  Slie  is  professor  of  French  in  Wheaton 
Colk'ge,  Mass. 

Rev.  Camdex  M.  Cop.ern.  PIl  D.,  D.  D.,  ])rofessor  of  En^- 
lisli  Bible  and  Pliib)sophy,  Mas  gra(huUed  from  Allegheny 
ColU'ge  in  187r)  and  received  his  doctorate  of  philosopliy  from 
i^osloii  Univei-sity  in  1885.  He  was  a  mend)er  of  the  Erie 
Conference,  1870-81,  Detroit  Conference,  188.*>-9r».  tlie  Colo- 
rado Conference,  1890-1901,  the  Rock  River  Conference.  1901- 
0.  Ill  1889-1S90  he  studied  in  l^iigland  and  Germany.  He 
was  engaged  in  1912-.*»  in  archaeological  explorations  :a  lOgypt 
and  Palestine.  T>r.  Cobern  has  held  intiiiential  i>astoi-ates  in 
Ann  Arbor  and  Detroit.  Mich.,  in  Denver  and  in  Ciiicago. 
He   was   a    inemlier   of    the   Methodist    General    Conference   of 

f  :!S(;  1 


HISTOKV   or   ALLKdllKNV   COLLKCJK 

ISOO;  OH  the  joint  coniinissioii  for  ;i  MetliodisI  livmiial, 
11)00-4.  lie  is  ;i  iiuMiibci'  of  the  \'ictori;i  Institute.  London, 
;in(l  the  AnuMican  Oriental  Society.  He  has  a  national  repu- 
1ati(»!!   as  a   lecturer  and   platform   orator.     He  a]»])ears  year- 


ly in  many  Chautauqua  Assemblies  and  Bible  Institutes. 
Dr.  Coberu  had  many  invitino-  calls  in  the  niinistiy,  but  his 
convictions  inclined  him  to  professorial  duties  and  authoi- 
ship.  He  became  a  valued  addition  to  the  Faculty  of  his 
alma    mater  in    1!)0(;.      The   year    IJlU-n,    he   spent    in    ])ublic 

[  -ST  ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLTXiHENY  COLLEGE 

lecture  work  in  the  leadiiiii,'  American  cities.  He  is  the 
aiitlior  of  ''Ancient  Egypt  in  the  Light  of  Modern  Discovery," 
''Commentary  on  Ezekiel  and  Daniel,''  ''The  Stars  and  the 
Book."  "Bible  Etchings  of  Immortality,'  and  ''Recent  Explora- 
tions in  Palestine."  He  is  a  contributor  to  Hasting's  Diction- 
ary of  the  Gosi^els,  Homiletic,  Methodist  Review^  Auchaeo- 

LOGICAL  JOURXAL,  aud  GEOGRAPHIC  MAGAZINE. 

Charles  J.   Lixg,  l*h.   D.,  i)rofessor   of    Physics  and  As 
tronomy.  1900 — .  was  graduated  from  Cornell  University  in 

]  8  9  0  and  received  his  doctorat<? 
from  the  University  of  Denver  in 
1002.  He  was  instructor  in  physics 
i  i;  the  Manual  Training  Higli 
Sdiool  of  Denver,  1804-100().  Dr. 
Ling  was  the  first  full  professor  of 
the  physics  department  in  Alle- 
gheny. He  has  extended  the  courses 
so  that  four  years  work  is  now 
given  in  the  science.  The  equip- 
ment of  the  laboratory  has  l)een  ex 
tensively  increased  and  made  thor- 
oughly modern.  The  Newton  Me- 
morial observatory  is  admirablj' 
arranged  for  tlie  astronomical  work. 

Oscar  V.  Akkrs,  Ph.  I).,  assistant  ju-ofessor  of  Mathe- 
matics, 100.")-",  professor  1007,  was 
graduated  from  the  T^niversity  of 
Cohu-ado  in  1000  and  had  his  doc- 
t<»rate  from  Cornell  University  in 
P.H).").  He  taught  at  Colorado  in 
1001-L>.  In  101.T4.  he  studied  in 
the  University  of  (ic'ittingeu  ami  in 
lionu'.  He  becanu'  the  head  of  the 
dei>artnu'nt  in  Allegheny  in  1014. 


[  :{ss  ] 


IIISTOKV   OF  ALJ.K<J11KNY   COLLKCJE 

Iv.  Edwin  Lick,  Sc.  I).,  inotVssoi-  of  (Mieiuistiy,  1!K)7 — ,  was 
fji'sulnated  from  Mt.  I'liioii  Collcj^e  in  18!)S.  and  p\irsue<l  ])ost 
<ii-a(hiate  studies  in  Coniell  rnivcrsity,  1901  and  in  Harvard, 
1  !)().■).     He  received  Iiis  doctorate  from   New   York  University 

in  1!)12.  He  was  professor  of 
chemistry  in  Mt.  Tnion  Collej^e 
fi'om  l!M)2-7.  Tnder  liis  direc- 
tion at  Alle^luMiy  the  dei)artnient 
was  moved  from  Wilcox  Hall  in 
11)11  to  Alden  Hall  and  in  1!>15 
enters  into  the  sj»ecially  designed 
(' a  r  n  e  J*' i  e  Hall  of  Chemistry, 
l^^'he  enrollment  in  the  classes 
has  «>rown  fourfold ;  the  nund>er 
of  courses  has  been  trebled.  Dr. 
Lee  is  the  author  of  a  ''Text  book 
of  Kx])erimental  Chemistry"  and 
a  "System  of  Qualitative  Analysis."  He  has  ])ublished  twelve 
research  papers  in  the  Jourxal  of  the  Amhiucax  Chkmk'al 
Society,  the  Joirxal  of  Txdtstriai.  Ciikmistry,  Exgixekrixg 
CiiK.MisTRY,  the  Amkricax  Mkhical  .loiRXAL  and  the  -Totrxai. 

OF   A.MKRICAX    PtHLIC    HkALTII. 


Cii'Y  E.  SxAVELY,  l*h.  I>.,  })rofessor  of  Koniance  Lanpiaijes 

and  Literature.  1910 — .  ',Aas  orad- 
uated  from  -lolins  Ho]>kins  in  1001, 
where  also  he  received  his  doc- 
torate in  lOOS.  He  was  a  student 
at  the  Alliance  Francaise.  I'aris, 
in  100.")  and  became  instructor  in 
French  in  Allejilieny  in  lOOtJ, 
assistant  ]>rofessoi-  in  1007,  jtro- 
fessor.  1000.  On  sabbatic  leave 
in  1014-."),  driven  from  Paris  by 
the  I']uroi)ean  Avar,  he  did  re- 
search Avork  at  Cobnnbia  Uni- 
versity and  was  \'isitin<i-  Profes- 
sor of  French  in  the  T^niversity  of  Xew  York.    Dr.  Suavely  was 

[  nso  ] 


HISTOIJY  OF  ALLEGHE^'Y  COLLEGE 


made  i-e<»isti'ar  of  the  college  in  1908  and  has  perfected  an 
admirable  system  for  the  enlarged  needs  of  the  college.  His 
brochnre  on  ''Standardization  of  Marks"  has  attracted  wide 
favor  and  he  has  a  place  of  intlnence  in  the  Association  of 
Kegistrars  of  American  Colleges.  He  is  a  contributor  to  the 
EoMANTic  Review  and  Modern  Laxcjiage  Notes. 

Chester  A.  Darling,  l*h.  I).,  professor  of  Biolog}',  1913 — , 
was  graduated  at  Albion  College  in  1901  and  received  his 
doctorate  from  Columbia  I^niversitv  in  1909.  He  was  pro- 
fessor of  biology  in  Defiance  Col- 
lege, 1904-6,  and  instructor  in 
Columbia,  1908-13.  The  depart- 
ment at  Allegheny  under  his 
direction  is  making  special 
studies  in  heredity  and  bacteriol- 
ogy. Dr.  Darling  is  the  author 
of  a  ''Handbook  on  Wild  and 
Cultivated  Flowering  Plants,'' 
and  of  ^'Spring  Flowers."  He 
h  a  s  contributed  to  scientific 
journals  research  articles  on 
''Sex  in  Di(ecious  riants,'"  "Trees 
in  Autumn,"  "Determination  of 
Woods"   and    "Prochromosomes  in   Synapsis." 

Charles  E.  HAM>n:TT,  pro- 
fessor of  ])liysical  education  and 
director  of  athletics,  19i:> — ,  is  a 
g  r  a  d  u  a  t  e  of  the  New  Haven 
Normal  School  of  Gynniastics. 
He  has  taught  in  the  Hotchkiss 
School.  Connecticut,  the  Tome 
School  for  Boys,  Maryland,  1900- 
10,  the  INdytechnic  Institute, 
lirooklyn.  1898-1900,  Xorthwest- 
eni  Cniversity.  1910-l!)l:5.  He  has 
given  the  college  the  strongest 
teams  in  its  history. 


HISTOKY   OF   AIJJ:(JIII:NV   ('()J.LI:(JK 


Frhde 


KICK  (r.  IIknki:.   IMi.   1).,  iictiiig  i)i'<)r('ssoi'  <»f  }tliil<).so- 

])liy,  ]!I14 — ,  \v;is  <»!'ii(luate(l 
t'l-om  (Miai'lcs  City  (N»ll(*j>e 
in  18!)7.  For  several  year.s 
he  was  a  missionai-y  teach- 
er in  (Miina.  He  returned 
to  the  Fniversity  of  Chi- 
cago as  a  jiraduate  stn<lent. 
securing  liis  doctorate  in 
1010.  He  Avas  i)rofessor  of 
l)hilosophy  and  i)sycholo}>T 
in  the  l^niversity  of  Nan 
kino-,  China,  11>1 0-1:5,  and 
of  pliiloso])liy  and  ednca 
tion  in  AViUaniette  Uni- 
versity, 101:5-4.  Dr.  Henke 
is  a  contribntor  to  the  edu- 
cational and  pliilosophical 
ptiblications. 


Chahi.es  E.  Decker^  A.  ,M.,  instructor  biology  and  geology, 
1000-10,  acting  jn'ofessor,  1010-11, 
assistant  professor  101:3 — ,  was 
graduated  from  Northwestern  Uni- 
versity in  1006.  He  did  graduate 
work  in  the  University  of  Chicago, 
lOll-i:').  He  was  instructor  in  phy- 
siography in  the  University  of  Illi- 
nois, summer  sessions,  1011-13. 
l*rofessor  Decker  has  largely  re- 
chissified  and  relabeled  the  valuable 
collections  of  the  museum,  secured 
many  years  ago,  nmking  them  more 
available. 


Stanley  S.  Swakteey,  A.  M.,  instructor  in  English,  lOlO-Uj, 
assistant  professor,  1014 — ,  received  the  degree  of  A.  B.  from 
l^niversitv  of  Pennsvlvania  in  1005  and  S.  T.  B.  from  Boston 


[  :501 


HISTORY   OF  ALLEOHENY   COLLEOE 

Ullivel•^^ity  in  11M)8.  He  spent  lltlo4  in  graduate  stiuly  in 
l*ennsylvania,  being  Harrison  Fellow  in  English.  He  has  sys- 
tematized and  greatly  promoted  the  forensics  of  the  college. 


Karl  A.  Miller,  B  S.,  in- 
structor in  mathematics  and  civil 
engineering,  was  graduated  from 
Allegheny  in  1008.  While  in  col- 
lege he  served  as  assistant  city 
engineer  in  (Ireenville.  In  1909 
he  was  witli  the  l*enn'a  State 
Highway.  Next  he  was  with  the 
r.  B.  &  Q.  Railway  until  1914  in 
many  imi)ortant  capacities,  divis- 
ion engineer  and  in  construction 
work.  He  is  now  county  bridge 
engineer. 


RoBKRT  O.  Ward,  A.  ^I.,  acting  professor  of  Bomance  Lan- 
guages and  Literature,  l!n4-."),  iustructor,  lOlT) — ,  graduated 
from  Colgate  University  in  190(5.  He  was  instructor  in  French 
ill  Colgate,  190S-10.  head  master  in  modern  languages,  Irving 
School,  19114. 


[  :;9L>  I 


CIIAl'TEK    Xll 

CONTROL   AND   CURRICULUM 

EADVILLI']  as  tlic  seat  of  tlie  ( ol- 
lejio  lias  held  a  cliicf  ]»lace  in  the 
coiiiicil  of  contiol  for  iiiucli  of  tlic 
(•(Mitnrv.  As  the  early  citizens  were 
so  larjiely  iiistniiiieiital  in  the  de- 
veloi)ineiit  and  the  maintenance  of 
the  institntion,  the  leadinji'  men  of 
the  villaj»e  accepted  the  res]>onsi- 
hility  of  the  direction  of  its  affairs. 
The  size  of  the  Board  of  Trustees 
is  unnsnal,  but  every  effort  to  re- 
duce its  number  has  failed.  With 
a  mendtersliip  of  forty-seven  Timo- 
tliy  Alden  was  able  to  enlist 
vabiabh'  friends  in  distant  places-; 
thron.i!,h  election  to  a  trnsteeshij). 

In  the  charter  group  of  1817  the 
])lan  was  to  have  the  counties  of 
A'enan<»o,  fiercer,  Butler,  Beaver, 
Allejiheny  and  lOrie  of  Northwest- 
ern I'ennsylvania  represented  ori 
the  Board,  Erie  eveu  liaving-  seven  ])laces.  Eight  Trustees 
were  named  from  l*hiladel])hia  and  outside  the  State.  But 
Crawford  County  ^^■it]^  Meadville  had  the  largest  share,  being 
a])i)()rtione(l  eighteen.  After  the  reorganization  under  Metho- 
dist patronage,  Crawford  in  ISiU  had  twenty  nuMubers  and  the 
Pittsburgh  i-egion  with  Allegheny  County  assumed  its  ]>osition 
of  futur<'  importaiu-e  in  college  mattei-s  with  eight  members. 
After  the  second  reo])eniug  in  1845,  throughout  the  Barker 
administration,  the  full  ((uota  of  the  Board  was  never  main- 
tained and  the  Meadville  re])resentation,  rising  above  a  score, 
equalled  nominally  at  times  half  the  body. 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

The  important  fact  in  the  organization  was  that  by  the 
charter  eight  persons  made  a  qnorum  and  that  number  could 
be  mustered  locally.  The  times  of  meeting  were  ai)pointed  to 
be  the  first  Monday  in  April  and  in  October.  The  history  of 
the  Board  of  Trustees  is  also  notable  for  the  few  men  who  have 
held  the  position  of  president,  the  services  of  two  officials  total 
ing  sixty  years.  Timothy  Alden  served  as  its  head  as  well  as 
president  of  the  college  for  one  year,  then  in  1818  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Hon.  Jesse  Moore,  first  president  judge  of  the  sixth 
judicial  district  of  Beaver,  Butler,  Mercer,  Crawford  and  Erie 
counties.  Patrick  Farrelly,  member  of  Congress,  son-in-law  of 
Timothy  Alden,  in  1819  was  the  next  president,  also  serving 
but  a  single  year. 

When  Bentley  Hall  began  to  rise.  General  Roger  Alden  was 
chief  of  the  Board,  remaining  in  the  office  six  years.     AVheu 

this  Revolutionary  vet- 
eran ended  his  connect- 
ion with  the  Holland 
Land  Company  he  en- 
gaged in  many  business 
and  philanthropic  enter- 
prises. In  the  war  of 
1812  he  was  commis- 
sioned major  general, 
for  Meadville  was  a 
rendezvous  for  troops, 
two  thousand  being  en- 
camped on  the  lands  of 
Samuel  Lord,  Esq.,  on 
thei  site  of  the  college 
campus  and  west  of  it. 
President  Roger  Alden 
'■^     .-A^6.-»ii^^  '  ]^r^^]    fniancial    reverses; 

(itii  Ro^er  Alden  ii(.  became  a  county  offi- 

cial. He  resigned  from  the  college  resi)onsibilities  upon  his 
;i])l)ointment  as  military  storekeeper  in  the  Academy  at  West 
Point  in  1825.     A  farewell  banquet  evidenced  the  esteem  of 

[  .'»>4  ] 


IIISTOHY   OF  ALLI-:(iIIi:NV   ('()LLK(JE 

the   citizens   of   Meadville   lor   tlie   jjeneral.     He   reinained   a 
Trustee  of  Allegheny  until  his  death  in  ISoti. 

Mr.  .lohn  IJeynolds,  the  secretary  of  the  foundation  meet- 
ing in  the  log  ccnirt  house,  became  president  of  the  Board  for 
less  than  two  years,  but  as  a  Trustee  he  made  the  remarkable 
record  of  more  than  a  half  centuiy  of  active  service.  He  was 
an  ideal  embodiment  of  the  steadfast  loyalty  of  the  best  citi- 
zenshi])  of  Meadville  to  Allegheny  College.  Upon  the  occasion 
of  his  death,  the  following  resolution  was  passed: 

"John  Reynolds,  who  passed  away  July  23,  1871,  was  one  of  the 
original  Trustees  in  1817.  He  was  the  first  secretary  of  the  Board  and 
its  third  president.  For  fifty-four  years  he  was  one  of  the  most  faithful 
in  his  devotion  to  the  interests  of  the  college  of  all  who  have  been  con- 
nected with  it  in  the  capacity  of  Trustee. 

Although  at  the  time  of  his  death  Mr.  Reynolds  had  passed  his 
eighty-ninth  year,  yet  his  singular  exemption  from  physical  and  mental 
decay  had  led  us  to  hope  that  we  might  yet  enjoy  his  counsels  for  some 
years  to  come  and  we  now  feel  that  in  him  we  have  lost  one  of  our 
most  thoughtful  and  active  members.  Resolved,  that  the  foregoing 
minute  be  adopted  as  the  sense  of  the  Board  of  Trustees." 

Judge  Henry  Shippen  was  the  next  Board  president  from 
Meadville,  holding  office  in  1827-30.  He  was  a  graduate  of 
Dickinson  College  and  had  followed  Judge  Moore  on  the  bench 
in  182r).  He  took  a  large  part  in  the  final  effort  of  Timothy 
Allien  to  o])erate  the  college.  ]\Ir.  Joseph  Morrison,  the  cashier 
of  the  Northwestern  Bank,  became  the  seventh  president  cf 
the  Trustees  in  ]8;>0  and  had  a  term  as  long  as  the  combined 
years  of  all  his  six  predecessors.  He  saw  the  financial  future  of 
the  college  assured.  Over  his  name  the  notice  was  given  that 
Allegheny  Avould  reopen  its  halls  April  8,  1845,  after  the  schol- 
arship campaign.  But  his  death  at  the  age  of  seventy-six 
came  Ai)ril  1st.  He  had  made  an  excellent  executive  officer. 
His  judgment  and  tact  were  of  high  order.  The  Democrat 
said:  "Ft  has  been  the  happy  lot  of  few  to  come  to  the  dark 
valley  more  loved,  more  respected  and  more  honored  than 
Joseph  Morrison." 

Hon.  David  Derickson,  a  graduate  of  the  first  class  of  Alle- 
gheny, that  of  1821,  became  the  president  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  April  8,  1845,  and  held  the  office  until  1874,  then  con- 

r  a95  1 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

tinned  a  decade  longer  as  Trnstee  nntil  his  death  at  tlie  fipe 
aire  of  eighty-six  years.  As  a  yonth  he  had  come  to  Meadville 
for  a  college  edncation.  then  read  law,  being  admitted  to  the 


Jiii^rc  David   I):Tickson,  '21 


Itar  in  isi';!.  He  ]\m\  ,\  \\i(h'  practice  and  niaiiv  interests. 
I'r(»ni  isriCitw;  he  was  a(hlilional  hiw  jndge  for  tlie  Sixth  -Ind'.- 
cial    hisliict.      He  did   the  hii'ge  |»art   of  the  work  of  tlie  c(.in- 


HISTOin'   OF   ALLKdIIEXV   (M)LLE(}E 


mission  to  codify  the  laws  of  I'ciiiisylvania.  He  i)re.scribed 
tlie  rules  which  raised  the  standard  of  scholarshij)  for  admis- 
sion to  the  bar.  At  his  demise  he  was  the  Nestor  of  the  pro- 
fession in  tlie  iiortliwestern  area  of  the  State,  He  early  joined 
the  Piesbyterian  church  and  from  18;^>0  was  a  member  of  the 
session,  and  for  many  years  the  senior  el<ler.  As  the  head  of 
tlie  Board  of  Ciovernmeiit  his  best  enerj>ies  were  given  to  the 
college.  His  devotion  to  his  alina  niafer  was  strong.  He  was 
the  central  tignre  of  alumni  occasions  for  many  years,  as  the 
oldest  graduate  linking  the  origins  of  Allegheny  with  the 
(lasses  through  three  score  years  and  more. 

Alexander  Bradley  of  Tittsburg  became  the  ninth  presi- 
dent of  the  Board  of  Trustees  April  5,  1875,  and  served  until 
his  death,  Aug.  21,  18!M).     He  had  been  a  Trustee  since  1300. 

He  was  one  of  the  notable 
figures  of  Methodism  in 
western  Pennsylvania.  Be- 
moving  from  Baltimore  to 
Pittsburgh  in  youth,  he  be- 
came one  of  the  fore- 
most manufacturers  of  the 
city.  His  financial  interests 
brought  him  to  the  presi- 
dency of  a  large  city  baniv. 
He  was  one  of  the  organizers 
of  old  Christ  Church  and 
the  leading  layman  of  the 
new  Christ  Church.  Mr. 
Bradley  was  a  man  of  strong 
personality  and  a  Christian 
leader  of  power.  He  was  a 
generous  giver  to  many  worthy  causes.  He  l)elie^'ed  pro 
foundly  in  Allegheny  College  and  performed  his  otticial  duties 
with  strict  fidelity  for  a  quarter  of  a  century.  His  name  is 
worthily  preserved  in  the  Bradley  chair  of  Latin  Language 
and  Literature. 

Mr.  Dnrbin  Home  of  Pittsburgh  came  to  the  presidency  of 
the  Trustees  in  P.)00  just  as  the  program  of  the  reorganization 

[  r>97  ] 


Alexander  Bradley,  Esq. 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

and  the  expansion  of  the  college  was  being  launched.  He  was 
a  graduate  from  Yale  University  in  1876,  a  classmate  of  Presi- 
dent A.  T.  Hadley.  His  thorough  educational  qualifications 
for  the  position  on  the  Board  were  supplemented  by  his  not- 
able  business   experience.     The   mercantile   house   of   Joseph 


Mr.  Durbin  Home 


Home  and  (^)mpany  had  bmg  been  one  of  the  most  substantial 
ill  rittsltnrgh.  Mi'.  .lose]>h  Home  had  been  a  Trustee  of  Alle- 
gheny, and  Ids  son  was  a  woiMhy  successor.  The  (•(•uiisels,  the 
eiithusiasiii  and  the  vigorous  snj»]K)rt  of  all  jirogressive  meas- 
ures for  the  college  by  Mr.  ]>iirbiii  Home  contributed  most 
ellVitively  to  the  advance  made  during  the  eight  years  he  was 
the  e.xecutive  of  the  Hoard. 

[  :{<>8  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

Mr.  Francis  A.  Arter  of  Cleveland,  of  tlie  class  of  1864, 
was  chosen  president  of  the  Trustees  in  1008.  He  entered 
college  a  freshman  in  Aiignst,  18(>1,  after  a  three  months' 
course  in  Kichmond  College,  Ohio,  his  native  State,  and  a 
year's  experiejice  in  teaching  school.  The  new  student  was 
far  advanced  in  mathematics  but  behind  in  the  classics.  By 
his  diligence  he  won  his  diploma  in  three  years,  besides  stop- 
ping one  term  to  teach  school.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Philo-Franklin  Literary  Society  and  planned  to  study  law. 
He  began  to  read  Blackstone,  but  in  the  same  year  of  his 
graduation  a  sudden  business  opening  took  him  to  the  oil 
regions  at  Eouseville,  Pa.  In  two  years  he  rem6ved  to  Cleve- 
land to  open  an  oil  refinery,  the  business  which  occupied  his 
subsequent  years. 

Mr.  Arter  became  one  of  the  foremost  Methodist  laymen  of 
his  city  and  for  years  was  superintendent  of  the  Sabbath 
School  of  the  First  Church.  He  has  been  sent  five  times  as  a 
lay  delegate  to  the  General  Conference  of  his  denomination 
He  has  taken  an  intense  interest  in  missions  and  in  1000  made 
a  tour  of  the  world,  visiting  the  various  mission  stations. 

The  affection  of  Mr.  Arter  for  Allegheny  has  been  a  domi- 
nant characteristic  of  his  busy  life.  He  married  as  it  were 
into  the  college,  his  wife.  Mrs.  Arter.  being  the  daughter  of 
Bishop  Calvin  Kingsley,  '41.  No  alumnus  of  the  nmny  who 
have  rallied  in  recent  years  to  the  support  of  their  alma  mater 
has  contributed  to  it  so  largely  of  his  means  as  has  I  he  elev- 
enth president  of  the  Board.  He  is  a  thoroughly  practical  maji 
and  also  an  idealist.  His  vision  for  the  college  contemplates 
an  institution  of  large  efticiency  within  well  defined  limits. 

The  relations  of  the  incorporated  governing  body  with  the 
FacuUy  have  been  in  the  main  harmonious.  The  president  cf 
Ihe  Faculty  has  always  been  one  of  the  Trustees.  By-laws 
for  the  government  of  the  college  were  set  forth  in  the  Alden 
period  and  an  elaborate  ''system  of  education''  prescribed  ir. 
18ol.  Extracts  of  its  provisions  were  printed  in  the  aniiu.il 
catalogues  from  1840  to  IS.V).  Those  given  such  publicity 
touched  mostly  the  conduct  of  the  students.  A  few  were  as 
follows : 

[  ?.m  ] 


Mr.  K.  A.  After,  '64 


HIST()J{V   OF  ALI.E(J]1EXY   COLLEGE 

Art.  Ill,  Sect.  5.  Students  are  not  permitted  to  loiter  about  tav- 
erns, stores,  or  any  otlier  place  of  public  resort. 

Sect.  8.  Any  student  who  shall  be  found  to  associate  with  low, 
vulgar  or  immoral  company,  or  addicted  to  habits  of  profaneness  or 
dissipation  will,  unless  he  immediately  reform,  be  dismissed  from  the 
college. 

Sect.  10.  No  student  shall  possess  or  exhibit  any  indecent  picture; 
nor  shall  any  one  be  allowed  to  purchase  or  to  read  any  lascivious  or 
immoral  book,  nor  any  romance  or  novel,  while  he  continues  a  student 
of  this  institution. 

Sect.  11.  No  hallooing,  loud  talking,  whistling,  jumping,  or  other 
disturbing  noise  or  act  shall  be  permitted  at  any  time  in  the  college 
building;  and  any  student  conducting  himself  disorderly  in  the  town 
will  be  punished  according  to  the  nature  of  the  offence. 

Sect.  12.  No  student  shall  bring  or  cause  to  be  brought  gun- 
powder, firearms,  or  any  deadly  weapon  within  the  college  premises; 
nor  shall  any  one  engage  in  any  species  of  hunting  during  the  college 
term  without  permission  from  the  Faculty.  No  student  shall  be  allowed 
to  smoke  tobacco  in  any  form  within  the  college  enclosures. 

Art.  IV,  Sect.  3.  Prayers  shall  be  attended  every  morning  at  the 
college  by  the  president  or  some  other  member  of  the  Faculty,  at  his 
request;  at  which  time  the  students  are  required  to  be  present. 

Art.  V,  Sect.  5.  The  president  or  any  of  the  otiicers  may  require 
suitable  assistance  from  any  student  for  the  preservation  of  the  good 
order  of  the  college;  and  if  any  so  required  shall  refuse  or  neglect  to 
give  his  assistance,  it  shall  be  viewed  as  a  great  contempt  for  the 
authority  of  the  college;  and  shall  be  punished  by  public  confession, 
suspension  or  e.xpulsion. 

Art.  X,  Sect.  1.  tvery  student  having  read  the  by-laws  and  accepted 
them  shall  subscribe  a  declaration  kept  in  a  book  by  the  Faculty:  We 
whose  names  are  herein  signed  will  to  the  utmost  of  our  power  obey 
the  by-laws;  we  will  not  be  guilty  of  profane  cursing  or  swearing, 
drinking  ardent  spirits,  card  playing,  or  any  unlawful  gaming,  nor  of 
any  indecent  or  disrespectful  language  towards  the  Trustees,  presi- 
dent, professors,  tutors^  nor  to  each  other  as  students. 

In  the  Articles  of  Agreement  of  1833  between  the  Board  of 
Tnistees  and  the  Pittsbnrgh  Annual  Conference,  the  religious 
body  was  to  nominate  one-half  of  the  j)ersons  to  fill  the  vacan- 
cies on  the  Board,  submitting  three  names  for  each  place,  and 
tlie  Trustees  were  to  make  the  selection.  This  body  also  nomi- 
nated the  Faculty  j^early,  subject  to  the  approbation  of  the 
Trustees.  The  prudential  committee  of  the  Board,  the  execn- 
live  group  of  wliich  the  president  of  the  college  was  a  member, 

[  -toi  ] 


IIISTOKi'   OF  ALLEGHENY   COLLEGE 

was  sn[»i)leinente(l  by  a  committee  of  four  of  the  Conference. 
Tile  adjustment  of  relations  under  the  Methodist  patronage 
was  a  matter  of  ex])erimentation.  After  the  lOrie  Conference 
was  created  in  IS.'IO.  the  jdan  of  the  Trustees  was  to  submit  a 
tlowery  rejjort  to  the  two  annual  gatherings  of  the  clergy  and 
the  committees  on  education  would  draft  resolutions  as  to  the 
policy  of  the  Conferences  for  the  college. 

AVhen  the  church  sent  its  agents  to  sell  the  perpetual  schol- 
arshii)S,  the  Trustees  also  had  their  plan  of  selling  the  certiti- 
cates.  But  the  sums  secured  by  the  Pittsburgh  and  Erie  Con- 
ferences created  a  new  responsibility  for  them  and  after  18J:G 
the  two  Centenary  Fund  Committees  made  their  yearly  interest 
api»roi»riations  to  the  college  treasurer.  Twice  the  compact  of 
LS.'l.j  was  revised,  when  the  West  Virginia  Conference  was  ad- 
mitted as  a  patron,  Oct.  21,  LS5T,  and  the  East  Ohio  Ciuifer- 
ence,  .June  Hd,  L'^TT.  After  the  latter  date,  these  four  re]u-esen- 
tatives  from  each  of  the  four  Conferences  were  spoken  of  as 
the  Joint  Board  of  Control  and  the  Tuesday  before  Commence- 
ment named  as  the  date  of  its  annual  meeting. 

The  system  of  government  was  frecpiently  attacked.  Futile 
movements  arose  to  anu'ud  the  charter.  The  lawyers  (►f  the 
Board  warned  reformers  of  the  inviolability  of  contracts.  A 
])lan  of  L*<T:»  was  to  have  twenty  Trustees  electe<l  for  five  years 
in  gron]>s  of  live  from  the  three  ^lethodist  ]>atronizing  Confer- 
ences and  the  alumni.  This  would  abolish  the  chui-ch  com- 
mittee of  control  and  the  life  tenure  trusteeship.  The  sui»iiort 
of  a  change  was  much  sti-onger  in  ISSO  when  the  Trustees 
voted  in  favor  of  a  board  of  twenty-live  members  to  be  elected. 
The  ]»roposal  was  not  accejtted  by  the  Conferences. 

Alterations  of  llie  cliai-ter  with  mutual  consent  of  the- 
jMrties  could  be  made  by  the  Court  of  Comnntn  IMeas.  In 
3S7(),  the  tiuK'  of  the  annual  lioard  meeting  was  changed  from 
A]»ril  to  .Fiine.  A  ri\aliy  of  the  two  I)(»ards  was  ine\itaide. 
The  Trustees  electecl  ])r«)fcssors  foi-  a  leini  of  live  yeai's  in 
ISSS.  Tiieu  the  deadlock  (»f  the  all'aii-  of  Tresident  Williams 
cauM"  to  pass.  Not  a  few  Ixdieved  that  the  agreenuMit  of  1S:|:; 
was  illegal  and  the  anlhorily  allolted  to  the  Methodist  body 
was  "nllra  vii-es".     . Fudge  -I.  ^V.   I'\  White,  though  a  Trustee. 

1     101'   1 


HISTOKY   OF  ALLKdllEXV   COLLEGE 

arjiiu'd  for  the  Koard  of  Contiol.  iii-<;iii^-  Tliat  I  lie  coiilraet 
made  then  was  the  ineaiis  of  saviiii*-  the  (•olU'<''e.  The  conipro- 
iiiise  decision  vote<l  in  1S80  was  that  botli  boards  were  needed 
TO  fix  tlie  length  of  term  of  the  Faeulty. 

Tlie  West  ^'ir<^•inia  and  ICast  Ohio  Confereiu-es  came  to 
have  other  educational  interests.  The  yearly  meeting  of  the 
Joint  Board  was  poorly  attended.  Seasons  went  by  withotit  a 
gathering.  On  the  other  hand,  the  Board  of  Trustees  by  its 
increasing  endowment  fund  and  tuition  receipts  had  its  respon- 
sibility greatly  enhanced.  The  jtersistent  demand  for  direct 
alumni  representation  on  the  Board  brought  a  modification  of 
the  college  charter  in  1011  by  which  twenty-four  of  the  forty- 
seven  Trustees  are  elected,  eiglit  being  chosen  by  the  alumni. 

Tlie  two  original  Conferences,  Pittsburgh  and  Erie,  have  a 
vital  influence  in  the  government  of  Allegheny  through  their 
sixteen  representatives.  A  harmony  of  interests  is  furthered 
by  the  practice  begun  of  electing  alumni  of  the  college  for  a 
portiou  of  the  Conference  delegations  on  the  Board.  The  ])at- 
ronage  of  many  religious  faiths  in  the  student  ranks  through 
all  the  decades  to  the  present  time  bears  witness  that  Alle- 
gheny is  not  a  sectarian  instittition ;  but  a  Christian  institti- 
tion  it  will  ever  remain  so  long  as  the  Methodist  church  and 
the  alumni  have  a  voice  ir;  its  affairs. 

The  Joint  Board  of  Control  in  its  more  active  period  was  a 
training  school  for  niembershii)  in  the  Board  of  Trustees. 
I'resumably  a  man  would  not  be  on  both  Boards  at  the  same 
time,  though  tji^^'^e  Avere  several  exceptions.  Tlie  Trustees 
asked  that  such  a  rule  be  observed.  Sonu^  of  the  men  who 
passed  from  tlie  Board  of  the  four  Conferences  to  be  Trustees 
were  Bev.  :\[oses  Hill,  D.  D.,  '49;  Hon.  J.  W.  F.  White,  '42; 
Professor  0.  W.  Haskins,  'tU;  Dr.  J.  1\  Ilassler,  '.")();  Hon.  B. 
F.  :\rartin,  '.■')4;  Bev.  J.  B.  Mills,  T,2;  F.  A.  Arter,  'G4;  Dr.  T.  N. 
Boyle,  J.  C.  Bardall,  C.  B.  Chase,  J.  M.  Stull,  Edward  Apple- 
yard,  N.  T.  Arnold  and  Bev.  B.  ^f.  Freshwater,  D.  D..  'GT. 

Not  a  few  of  the  Trustees  had  records  of  exceptional  lengtli 
of  service.  David  Dick,  Esq.,  who  was  elected  Jan.  2.';,  1820,  to 
succeed  Hon.  Patrick  Farrelly,  was  associated  with  John 
IJeynolds,  Esq.,  in  important  commissions  for  the  college.     He 

[  ^oa  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

was  tieasiiier  several  years  and  continued  on  the  Board  forty- 
lonr  years  until  his  death  in  1871.  His  library  of  several  hun- 
ared  volumes  Avas  bequeathed  to  the  college.  Gen.  John  Dick 
served  from  1S4G  to  \S12.  Rev.  Amos  Chase,  of  Ceuterville,  Pa., 
u  friend  of  Timothy  Alden.  served  from  1817  to  1S5L  Rev. 
John  ^'an  Lie^v,  once  the  Presbyterian  pastor  of  Meadville, 
later  of  N'ew  Jersey,  was  a  Trustee  from  1823  to  18G7.  Two 
Methodists.  Rev.  Z.  H.  Coston,  of  Pittsburgh,  and  John 
Lupher.  of  Meadville,  Avere  on  the  Board  from  1833  to  1871. 

Mr.  John  ^IcFarland.  a  leading  merchant  of  ^Leadville,  was 
Treasurer  for  thirty  years,  dying  Sept.  28.  1881,  shortly  after 
he  had  resigned.  Hon.  J.  W.  Farrelly.  '20;  Hon.  D.  A.  Finney, 
'iO;  Hon.  H.  L.  Richmond.  '39.  and  Col.  S.  B.  Dick,  '58,  who 
represented  the  Meadville  District  in  Congress,  were  all  val- 
ued members  of  the  Board.  Colonel  Dick  aided  notably  in 
the  new  era  of  the  college.  He  was  a  Trustee  from  1878  to 
1007.  Hon.  (J.  B.  Delaniater,  of  Meadville.  Judge  J.  S.  Mc- 
Calmont.  of  Franklin,  Hon.  Lewis  Miller,  of  Akron.  AVilliaui 
Foltz,  Esq.,  of  New  Castle,  and  Mr.  George  P.  Hukill,  of  Oil 
City,  also  in  their  life  time  rendered  important  services  on 
the  governing  board.  Mr.  F.  1*.  Ray,  '62,  of  Meadville,  was 
for  several  years  its  secretary,  and  Mr.  William  Thomas  at  the 
time  of  his  death  in  1912  had  been  thirty-eight  years  a  Trustee. 

Rev.  T.  L.  Flood,  D.  D.,  a  former  pastor  of  tlie  Stone 
Church,  Meadville,  and  the  founder  of  the  Ciiattauqtax. 
entered  the  Board  in  188(1  and  continued  an  active  mend)er 
nntil  his  demi.s( .  June  2G,  lOlT).  He  had  held  the  offices  of 
vice-president,  secretary  and  treasurer  within  this  period  and 
was  a  member  of  the  executive  committee  from  189G  to  1910. 
He  liad  a  leading  j)art  in  the  selection  of  the  execntives  of 
Allegheny.  His  wide  ac(imiintance  in  church  and  nation  was 
used  to  bring  many  eminent  speakers  to  tlie  college  platform. 

Of  tlie  ])i'esent  Board,  Hon.  Harvey  Henderson,  'r)7.  of 
Pittsburgh,  is  the  s<*nior  member,  being  elected  June  22,  18G8, 
so  tiiat  now  he  lias  completed  forty-seven  years  of  service,  a 
record  second  only  to  tliat  of  John  Reynolds.  Esq.,  of  the 
incorporators  of  1S17.  He  is  an  eminently  sonnd  counselor 
an<l    his  allection    foi-   the  college   is  very   <leep.      Tn    184.")   his 

[   404   ] 


IIISTOKY   OF  ALLKiJllJONV   COLLECJE 

fiitluM-,  ]{ev.  W.  C.  Henderson,  took  him,  a  hul,  to  view  Bentley 
Hall,  promising  him  wlien  he  was  older  a  course  in  Allegheny. 
After  graduation  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  ])ractieed 
law  in  Meadville  until  1871.  Then  he  entered  the  Erie  Con- 
ference for  eleven  years.  Keturning  to  the  law,  he  has  been  a 
leader  of  his  j^rofession  in  I'ittsburgh. 

Judge  J.  J.  Henderson,  '62,  became  a  Trustee  in  1874  and 
has  been  vice-president  of  the  Board  since  181)G.  Dr.  J.  W. 
Miles,  '74.  and  Dr.  T.  H.  Woodring.  '7:1,  of  the  Pittsburgh  Con- 
ference, and  Dr.  A.  C.  Ellis,  '78,  of  the  Ta'ie  Conference,  are 
the  ranking  clerical  members  of  the  Board.  Their  labors  have 
been  unsparing  in  behalf  of  the  college  and  they  have  a  worthy 
share  in  the  ])rogress  made.  Mr.  G.  B.  Chase,  of  CreenviHe, 
and  Dr.  -I.  10.  Kigg,  of  AVilkinsburg,  have  seen  important  com- 
mittees service  and  are  noted  for  their  financial  acumen.  Mr. 
J.  W.  Ki linear,  '82,  is  an  intiiiential  representative  in  the 
IMttsburgh  region  and  directed  the  endowment  campaign  there. 

•I.  1*.  Colter,  Esq.,  '08,  is  the  secretary  of  the  Board  and  of 
the  Executive  Committee.  He  entered  college  from  the  l^diid)oro 
Normal  School  and  was  a  leading  spirit  in  the  Philo-Franklin 
Society.  Umler  his  suggestion  the  (^entenary  oratorical  ])riz;- 
was  created  in  18(57  by  the  gifts  of  six  student  members  of 
8000.  Of  all  the  prizes  founded  in  former  years,  this  fund 
alone  is  intact  today  and  devoted  to  a  contest,  open  to  all. 
]Mr.  Colter  after  admission  to  the  bar  in  1871  removed  to  Arm- 
strong County.  He  returned  to  Meadville  in  1880,  where  he 
has  held  important  trusts  in  school  and  city  government. 
The  system  he  has  devised  for  keeping  the  minutes  ami  records 
of  the  Trustees  is  most  accurate  and  extensive. 

Wesley  B.  Best,  Esq.,  '83,  and  Hon.  Arthur  L.  Bates.  '80,  bi.th 
of  Meadville,  are  vigorous  members  of  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee, the  body  which  bears  a  large  responsibility  in  the 
government  of  the  college.  Mr.  J.  V.  Bitts,  of  Butler;  Mr. 
•J.  C.  :\rcDowell,  of  Bittsburgh;  Gen.  Charles  [Miller,  of  Frank- 
lin; Mr.  J.  S.  Craig,  of  Pittsburgh;  ^h\  Austin  Blakeslee,  of 
DuBois,  and  ^[r.  Nelson  A.  Bist,  of  Dawson,  are  keen  business 
men  whose  talents  are  ])laced  at  the  disposal  of  the  college. 
Dr.  X.  G.  :\[iller.  Dr.  -T.  C.  MacDonald,  BishoD  J.  :\r.  Tlioburn 

[  -to.-)  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

and  Dr.  li.  M.  Freshwater  are  later  representatives  of  the 
clergy  on  the  Board. 

Col.  John  J.  Carter,  of  Titnsville,  has  been  a  valuable  ad<li- 
tiou  to  the  Trustees,  becoming  a  member  in  1904.  He  is  a 
man  of  energ;s'  and  initiative.  He  received  a  thorough  aca- 
demic training  in  New  York  and  was  prepared  to  enter 
Rochester  University  Avhen  the  Civil  War  caused  him  to  enlist. 
The  qualities  of  leadership  displayed  as  a  soldier  have  marked 
his  business  career.  He  has  taken  a  lively  interest  in  Alle- 
gheny College  as  a  product  of  Northwestern  Pennsylvania  and 
given  his  best  thought  to  its  advancement. 

Mrs.  Sarah  B.  Cochran  became  a  Trustee  in  1908.  the  first 
woman  in  the  history  of  the  college  to  have  a  place  on  the 
Board.  She  had  previously  expressed  her  interest  in  Alle- 
gheny in  a  most  kindly  and  helpful  fashion.  Mrs.  Cochran  had 
experienced  a  crushing  double  affliction  in  the  deaths  of  her 
husband  and  only  son.  She  then  faced  weighty  business 
responsibilities  in  the  control  of  coal  and  coke  properties  in 
Fayette  county.  Resolutely  mastering  the  intricacies  of  the 
duties  devolving  upon  her,  she  became  a  woman  of  large  affairs. 

Mrs.  Cochran  is  a  generous  contributor  to  educational 
interests.  Chapter  houses  of  the  Phi  Kappa  Psi  Fraternity 
were  erected  in  memory  of  her  son  at  the  L'niversities  of  West 
^'irginia  and  Pennsylvania,  and  the  chapter  at  Allegheny  lib- 
erally aided.  A  memorial  doi-niitory  to  her  husband  was  built 
at  AVittenberg  College.  She  was  also  a  large  donor  to  the 
atti'active  Methodist  church  building  in  Dawson.  Mrs.  Coch- 
ran has  a  l>eautiful  estate.  St.  James  Park,  near  Dawson.  She 
is  busy  with  many  cares,  but  her  esjx'cial  concern  is  for  the 
iarge  force  of  laboring  men  under  her.  She  is  a  rare  Chrislian 
Woman,  who  is  administering  a  great  trust  with  fidelity. 

In  recent  years  .Messrs.  (Jeoi'ge  Greer,  of  New  Castle;  J. 
A.  Huston,  of  Sewickh'y:  B.  A.  Walker,  of  Erie,  and  H.  W. 
]>nnla]>.  of  Pit1sl»urgh,  have  been  jdaced  u]>on  the  Boai-d. 
I'nder  the  ne\\'  system  of  election.  Dr.  J.  M.  Thobtirn,  of  the 
T^ittsburgh  Conference,  and  Dr.  C.  W.  AFinei-.  of  the  Va-\o  Con- 
ference, have  become  Trustees,  whih'  tlie  nhimni  representa- 
tives aic  Dr.   I(hi   .M.  Tarbell,    SO;   Mi-.  Arthur  W.  Thomi»son. 

[   40(5  ] 


Mrs.  Sarah  B.  Cochran 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHE^'Y  COLLEGE 

•97.  of  Baltimore,  Md. ;  Mr.  W.  N.  Kidge,  '82,  of  New  York, 
and  Dr.  E.  B.  Heckel,  '87,  of  Pittsburgh.  Four  additional 
alumni  Trustees  are  to  be  elected. 

THE    CURRICULUM. 

President  Timothy  Alden  as  a  graduate  of  Harvard  Col- 
lege modeled  the  curriculum  of  Allegheny  College  after  that 
of  his  alum  mater.  In  the  early  years  of  the  frontier  insti- 
tution, he  even  employed  to  designate  the  classes  the 
terminology  of  Freshman,  Sophomores,  Junior  Sophisters  and 
Senior  Sophisters. 

In  a  statement  submitted  to  the  Pennsylvania  Legislature 
in  1823,  the  entrance  refpiirements  were  reported  to  be  an 
ability  to  construe  and  parse  the  Select  Orations  of  Cicero, 
the  Aeneid  of  Vergil  and  the  Greek  Testament,  to  write  Latin 
grammatically  and  to  solve  questions  under  the  fundamental 
rules  of  arithmetic,  with  a  knowledge  of  Latin  prosody. 

The  courses  of  study  prescribed  then  were  soundly  lin- 
guistic, Latin,  Greek,  Hebrew,  French  and  German  coming  in 
the  first  two  years,  and  other  Oriental  languages  following 
later.  Mathematics  witli  practical  applications  was  not 
neglected.  English  composition  ran  through  three  years  and 
for  the  Seniors  there  were  elements  of  political  law,  ancient 
and  modern  liistory,  natural  and  systematic  theology.  But 
this  was  tlie  period  of  tlie  college  wlien  the  Faculty  consisted 
of  one  man  and  students  were  few. 

Wlien  Allegheny  opened  in  the  fall  of  1829  with  three  pro- 
fessors the  courses  were  somewhat  clianged  and  enlarged.  The 
]^rospectus  thus  announced  them  : 

FRESHMAN — Latin,  Cicero  de  Officiis,  Horace,  Latin  Prosodv.  Greek, 
Xenophon's  Anabasis,  Homer's  Iliad,  Greeic  exercises.  Hebrew, 
Professor  Stewart's  worics.  Algebra,  Geometry,  plain  and  solid. 
Natural  philosophy   (a  popular  course). 

SOPHO.MORE — Latin.  Cicero  de  Oratore,  Horace.  Greek,  Xenophon, 
Homer.  Hebrew.  Logic.  Higher  Algebra.  Logarithms.  Plane 
Trigonometry.  Surveying.  Ancient  Geography.  History,  an- 
cient and  modern.  Chemistry  of  imponderables.  Electricity.  Gal- 
vanism. Magnetism.  Natural  Philosophy.  Mechanics,  hydrostatics, 
pneumatics,  optics,  acoustics. 


IIISTOKY  OF  ALLE(JHENY  COLLEGE 

JUNIOR — Latin,  Livy,  Juvenal.  Greek,  Graeca  Majora,  Longinus  on 
the  Sublime.  Hebrew.  Locke's  Essay.  Paley's  Moral  Philosophy. 
Spherical  Geometry  and  Trigonometry.  Conic  Sections.  Flux- 
ions. .  Mensuration.  Navigation.  Perspective  Geography  with 
use  of  globes,  construction  of  maps  and  charts.  Chemistry  of 
inorganic    matter.      Astronomy. 

SENIOR — Grotius  de  Veritate.  Greek  Testament.  Stewart  and  Reed 
on  the  Mind.  Rhetoric.  Vegetable  Chemistry.  Physiology,  vege- 
table  and   animal.      Zoology. 

The  ]>i'otVssoi-shii)  of  natural  i)liil<)S()]»liy  and  ciioiiiistry 
gave  a  practical  flavor  to  tlio  iiistriiction  of  this  one  yejir  of 
the  full-tledg^ed  college  in  the  Alden  regime.  The  chemical  and 
]>h_vsical  ai)itaratus,  waiting  these  years  to  he  utilized,  Avas 
burnished  and  adjusted.  "With  no  small  pride  the  array  of  the 
equipment  was  set  forth  in  the  public  prints.  There  were 
alembics,  tubulated  retorts,  balloon  glass  receivers,  water  ham- 
mers, barometers,  electrometers,  Wollaston  batteries,  galvanic 
batteries  and  a  large  electrical  machine.  Also,  all  the  illustra- 
tive material  of  the  period,  brass  cannon  to  be  tired,  powder 
house  to  be  exploded  aud  house  to  be  struck  by  the  electric 
spark. 

When  the  Methodists  pledged  their  patronage  to  Allegheny, 
an  and>itious  organization  of  the  courses  of  instruction  was 
announced  by  the  Trustees  within  the  first  year.  ^Yhile  to 
start  with  there  were  but  three  chairs  of  instruction  filled, 
those  of  moral  science,  of  mathematics  and  natural  philoso]ihy, 
and  of  Greek  and  Latin,  four  more  ])rofessorshi]»s  were  e\eniu 
ally  to  rouml  out  the  Faculty.  These  dejjartments  of  the 
future  Avere  Oriental  languages,  modern  languages,  chemistry, 
mineralogy  and  geology,  and  general  and  constitutional  law. 

The  cttrriculum  of  18o.'>-4:  remained  in  operation  witli  U'v: 
changes  until  1S05.  CJreek,  Latin  and  Mathenuitics  were  the 
backbone  of  the  course,  much  as  in  other  colleges  of  this  long 
])eriod.  Metaphysics  had  a  place,  while  moral  philosoi>hy, 
natural  religion  and  evidences  of  Christianity  Avere  essential 
subjects  in  Allegheny.  There  Avei-e  a  few  excursions  into  new 
fields  at  tinu's,  such  as  modern  langimges  and  civil  engineering. 

[  400   ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

Witliin  a  limited  area,  each  adiiiinistration  had  its  slight 
variation  in  the  content  of  its  cnrritulnni. 

Having  a  leader  of  the  educational  experience  of  Dr. 
Martin  Ruter.  the  courses  of  study  in  his  period  show  a  con- 
formity to  the  studies  as  i)rescribed  in  other  institutions. 
Compared  with  Yale.  Brown,  Rutgers  and  Dickinson  curricula, 
that  of  Allegheny  shows  no  extreme  variance.  Possibly  for  a 
few  years,  it  was  not  so  strong  in  science,  but  it  had  responded 
to  that  slight  liberalization,  so  general  in  this  era.  the  intro- 
duction of  tlie  te<aching  of  political  economy  and  of  interna- 
tional law.  The  translation  of  the  French  economist  Say  held 
sway  on  the  Hill  until  I860. 

In  1840,  in  the  presidency  of  Homer  J.  Clark,  the  scientific 
course  was  established  to  divide  the  field  with  the  arts  candi- 
dates for  a  few  years.  This  was  due  to  the  presence  on  the 
Faculty  of  I{.  T.  I*.  Allen,  as  professor  of  civil  engineering. 
But  the  entrance  requirements  for  science  students  were  much 
lower  than  for  classical.  No  foreign  language  was  denumded, 
and  after  matriculation  l>ut  a  year  of  French.  History  and 
chronology  took  ]»artly  the  place  of  a  second  ancient  language. 
The  work  in  the  Senior  class  for  tlie  two  ccnirses  was  identical, 
save  for  llie  engineering.  In  this  period,  the  classics  were 
made  stiffer  in  the  lower  classes.  German  and  French  were 
regulai-ly  otlei-ed. 

The  administi-ation  of  Di*.  Barker  was  a  conservative  one  as 
refhMted  in  the  courses  of  study.  Practically  witliout  a  varia- 
tion in  the  sul»jects  taught,  tlie  years  came  and  went.  The 
munber  was  fewei*.  Thei-e  were  no  modern  languages.  Caesar 
ci-ej)t  into  the  l-^i-eshman  yeai*.  A  tyj>ical  cni-i-icnlnm  fi-om  1S4G 
to  ]S(*»."»  is  as  follows : 

Hreshinan — Antlion's  Cicero.  Cooper's  Virgil,  Graec;I  .M.aiora,  Le- 
s^endre's  Geometry.  Day's  .Mathenia;ics;  Sophomore — Salkist.  Livy, 
Graeca  .Majora,  Vol.  2iid,  Day's  .Mathematics,  Analytical  Geometry, 
(Chemistry,  Losic,  Rhetoric;  Junior — Antlion's  Horace,  Tacitus'  Ger- 
mania,  Asricf)la  and  Histories,  Iliad,  Natural  Philosophy,  Moral  Phil- 
csophy,  Paley's  tvideiices  of  Christianity,  Kame's  Elements  of  Criti- 
cism,  Chemistry.    Calculus;   Senior — Astronomv.     .Mineraloirv.     Geology, 

[    in»    1 


nrsToin'oF  alleoiieny  c'ollege 

Cicero    de    Oliiciis,     Intellectual    Philosophy,     Political    Economy    and 
Kent's  International  Law. 

The  Biblical  dopai'tnitMit,  l)ej!,uu  in  1855,  supplied  the  only 
element  of  clian<;e.  A  three  years'  course  was  oU'ered,  upon 
completion  of  Avhich  a  certificate  was  given.  Hebrew  grammar 
and  Bible  ran  through  all  the  terms.  Jiiblical  literature, 
ecclesiastical  history  and  Butler's  Analogy  of  Keligion  were 
taught  in  addition  to  the  various  studies  of  the  classical 
course.  "(Jeology  as  related  to  the  Bible"  was  the  subjcet 
named  as  it  was  pursued  by  the  prospective  preacher,  while 
for  the  -non-Bibs"  it  was  Hitchcock's  Cieology.  After  18C5 
this  department  of  vocational  training  was  more  closely  coor- 
dinated with  the  college,  its  first  year  being  identical  with  the 
classical,  and  the  completion  of  three  more  winning  the  A.  B. 
degree.  Eventually  it  was  abandoned,  though  not  without 
some  friction  in  1883. 

Allegheny  caught  the  new  spirit  in  education  after  the 
Civil  AVar.  A  strong  and  aggressive  quartette  had  come  into 
the  Faculty  in  Marvin,  Tingley,  Hyde  and  Comfort.  Entrance 
requirements  were  made  more  vigorous.  A  scientific  course 
Avas  restored  for  which  the  degree  of  A.  B.  was  conferred. 

Several  subjects  were  added,  such  as  English  literature 
and  philology.  Art  history  was  introduced  by  I'rofessor  Com- 
fort, he  being  a  pioneer  instructor  in  this  field.  All  the  science 
of  the  college  was  better  dift'erentiated.  Botany,  zoology,  inor- 
ganic and  organic  chemistry,  and  physics  were  appointed  for 
the  various  terms.  French  and  German  had  an  extensive 
place  in  the  Scientific  Department. 

The  scholastic  advance  Avas  promoted  by  the  timely  gifts  of 
illustrative  material.  The  Alger,  Prescott  and  Haldeman  cab- 
inets greatly  aided  the  Avork  in  zoology  and  mineralogy.  Col- 
lections of  casts,  engravings  and  photographs  formed  the  basis 
of  a  museum  of  Fine  Arts.  The  chemical  aiid  physical  lab- 
oratory Avas  supplied  through  generous  friends  Avith  the  latest 
a])i)roved  apparatus.  Complete  schedules  of  hours  and  sub- 
jects for  the  year,  jmblished  in  the  catalogue,  iinlicated  the 
quickening  of  administrati\e  efticiency  in  instruction. 

[  411    ] 


HItSTOKY  OF  ALLEGHP:XY  COLLEGE 

President  Bugbee  brought  in  a  readjustment  of  the  curricu- 
lum. The  standard  of  admission  to  the  Freshman  chiss  was 
raised  b}'  requiring  two  years  of  modern  languages  or  Greek, 
more  mathematics  and  an  elementary  knowledge  of  science. 
Collegiate  scholarship  was  helped  by  the  reorganization  of  the 
preparatory  school.  A  three  years'  course  was  provided  and 
proved  a  strong  attraction,  the  attendance  increasing  from 
i3  to  20G  in  four  yeiirs.  The  college  work  was  conducted  in 
'vSchools"  now.  The  Classical  was  renamed  Liberal  Arts, 
the  Biblical  became  Hebrew  and  Biblical  Literature,  and  be- 
sides the  "School  of  Science',  there  was  a  new  course  of 
study  or  school,  Latin  and  Modern  Languages. 

The  tendency  abroad  in  the  land  toward  the  elective  system 
was  expected  to  be  satisfied  in  Allegheny  by  the  increase  of 
courses  offered.  The  Latin  and  Modern  Language  Department 
of  1877  was  really  a  step  in  liberalizing  the  curriculum.  Hith- 
erto for  tlie  scientific  course  as  Avell  as  tlie  classical.  Itoth  Greek 
and  Latin  were  a  prerequisite.  Now  for  the  new  department  the 
candidate  could  offer  two  years  of  French  and  in  the  college 
classes  substitute  German  for  Greek.  The  regime  of  Dr. 
Bugbee  is  noteworthy  for  its  emphasis  upon  cultural  studies. 
Tlie  work  in  literature  was  more  specialized;  the  history  of 
])hilosophy  became  a  senior  subject. 

The  elective  i)rincii»le  had  a  curious  application;  in  the 
military  department.  Tn  order  to  promote  the  zeal  for  war, 
service  being  voluntary,  and  to  induce  enlistment  for  instruc- 
tion in  tactics,  the  student  warrior  was  given  college  credit, 
substituting  some  ol)jectionable  subject  in  the  regular  course 
of  study.  Through  the  years  the  anti])atliy  to  various  subjects 
shifte<l,  but  on  the  list  were  zoology,  ancient  history.  French, 
mathematical  astronomy  and  ai-t  of  discourse. 

Tlie  conservatism  of  Alleglieiiy  linally  yi<'lded  in  18S.'>. 
when  in  the  classical  course  (Jerm;iii.  l-'rench  and  Hebicw  were 
admilled  as  elective  in  the  So])h(tniore  and  .lunicu-  years.  They 
could  be  substituted  for  Latin.  Greek  and  nuitheinat ics.  one 
tei-m  of  each  in  the  So])homore,  and  in  the  .lunior  for  micro- 
sco]»y.  history  (tf  civilization  and  evi<lences  of  Christ iauity. 
Btit    tlii-ee  yeai's  later,  the  doors  wei-e  openecl   more  widely  to 

[    412   1 


IIISTOIJY  OF  all]':(jiij:xy  collkoe 

tlie  elective  system  in  the  Sophomore  and  .Jiinioi-  years.  Pre- 
]>ara1ioii  for  the  Scientitic  ('oiirse  could  he  made  in  French, 
instead  of  Greek.  The  plan  followed  was  without  much  rela- 
tion to  the  experience  of  other  institutions. 

The  three  college  courses  were  not  similarly  treated.  In 
the  Sophomore  year,  one-fourth  of  the  subjects  of  the  classical 
schedule  were  required,  three-fourths  of  those  in  the  Latin  and 
^lodern  Language,  and  no  electives  whatever  to  the  scientitic 
course.  The  option  granted  the  Modern  Language  student  was 
calculus  or  music.  In  the  Junior  year,  one-half  of  the  sub- 
jects in  the  Classical  and  the  ^lodern  Language  courses  wer? 
re(iiiired.  while  the  Scientitic  .Junior  could  elect  two-fifths  of 
his  work.  Science  studies  Avere  doubled  by  dropj)ing  language 
subjects.  German  was  exi)anded  to  three  years.  The  subjects 
especially  protected  for  the  two  collegiate  years  were  physics 
and  chemistry  and  the  student  body  did  not  cease  to  protest 
againsr  the  compulsory  study  of  these  sciences. 

Until  the  end  of  the  AVheeler  administration,  there  was 
slight  change  in  the  list  of  required  subjects,  save  to  Avithdraw 
the  only  ojttion  one  Sophomore  course  enjoyed.  But  there  was 
a  healthful  expansion  of  possible  electives.  Additional  courses 
could  be  taken  in  German,  literature,  classics,  history  and 
]»olitical  science.  Some  abuses  of  the  elective  plan  arose,  but 
vigilant  supervision  was  able  to  correct  student  vagaries. 

The  astounding  scholastic  expansion  of  the  period  was  in 
the  so-called  post-graduate  department.  The  first  program  in 
1887  was  to  give  a  degree  after  two  years  of  non-resident  study 
of  the  selected  course,  but  later  the  time  was  extended  to  three 
years  and  a  thesis  required.  Examinations  must  be  taken  in 
Meadville.  There  were  eight  courses  of  study,  political  and 
social  science,  English  literature,  mathematics,  ]>hilosophy, 
history,  physics  and  chemistry,  modern  languages,  and  theism 
and  Christianity.  The  popularity  of  the  department  Avas 
great.  Several  hundred  persons  were  encouraged  to  home 
reading  by  means  of  it. 

The  department  of  civil  engineering  had  a  steady  growth 
from  a  very  modest  begininng.  The  course  was  formally  orga- 
nized in  188.").     The  preparation  for  it  Avas  one  year  less  than 

[  41:5  ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

for  the  A.  B.  course.  The  students  enrolled  in  the  study  were 
listed  separately  in  the  catalogues  of  1S8G-T.  The  degree  of 
C.  E.  was  first  conferred  in  1887  on  Bruce  Davis,  F.  E.  Fenno 
and  W.  Ir^.  Twining.  The  practical  character  of  the  course 
brought  it  much  favor  and  the  forceful  personality  of  Pro- 
fessor W.  T.  Dutton  as  a  teacher  led  to  the  building  up  of  a 
strong  department. 

A  new  ojder  in  the  curriculum  was  again  evohed  when 
Dr.  Crawford  took  the  presidenc}-  of  the  college  He  profited 
by  the  experience  of  the  leading  institutions.  Recitation  peri- 
ods being  made  an  liour  in  length,  one  hundred  and  eighty 
term  hours  were  necessary  for  graduation.  The  elective 
system  was  promptly  expanded  in  1804  to  endirace  the  !:^enior 
year.  All  courses  of  study  were  treated  more  alike.  The 
required  work  was  increased  in  the  Sophomore  year,  leaving 
but  one-fourth  of  the  subjects  elective.  In  the  Junior  year, 
one-half  of  the  studies  were  required;  also  in  the  i^enior  until 
the  third  term,  Avhen  all  studies  were  elective  with  one  ex- 
ception. About  two-thirds  of  the  work  of  four  years  was 
prescribed. 

The  nund)cr  of  elective  studies  open  at  first  was  thirty:  it 
had  grown  1o  forty-three  by  11)00  and  to  seven ty-tliree  by  l!»0<]. 
The  tendency  was  confirmed  to  have  the  first  two  years  (jf  col- 
lege given  lo  recjuii-ed  work,  reduce  tlie  Junior  year  to  one  or 
two  comjuilsory  subjects  and  have  the  Senior  open  to  electives 
entirely.  Tlie  scicMitific  course  of  study  as  it  liad  been  stressed 
in  the  Forties  was  restored  in  lOO.")  witli  changes.  Its  c(»m]>le- 
tion  gave  tiie  I>.  S.  degree.  This  degree  had  also  been  awarded 
to  tlie  civil  engineers  since  ]8!)7. 

Th«'  linal  adjustment  of  the  curricnlumu  came  in  lltll. 
IJather  radical  changes  brought  the  college  into  harmony  with 
the  new  order  in  education,  yet  the  action  laken  was  not  imi- 
tati\'e.  The  new  system  was  evolved  aft<'r  many  months'  inves- 
tigation of  tlu'  exp<'riences  an<l  nee(ls  of  Allegheny.  Tlie  i-esult 
is  one  relle<ting  the  genius  and  the  individuality  of  the  old 
<-ollege.  At  the  same  time  it  has  become  a  ]»ioneer  amoiig  many 
modein  institutions  in  the  solution  of  its  scholastic  pr(»idem. 

The  lamiliar  coui'ses  of  study  were  abolished,  and  eight 
gi-onps  ci'cated.     TheGi-eek  and  Latin.  Latin  and  .Modern  Lan- 

[  ni  1 


IIISTOJJY   OF  ALLEdllEXV   COLLEGE 

guagc.  Modern  L;iiij;ua<;e,  Englif>li,  History  and  IMiiiosophy 
groups  lead  to  the  A.  B.  de<;Tee.  The  Bioloj^y,  Chemistry, 
riiysies  and  ^Litheniaties  jironps  lead  to  the  B.  S.  degree.  This 
new  arrangement  however  is  a  modi  lied  form  of  the  group 
system  as  followed  at  •Johns  Hopkins  Lniversity  and  else- 
where. A  student  after  finally  choosing  his  group  as  a  Sopho- 
more must  pursue  the  principal  study  of  that  group  for  three 
years,  and  the  minor  study  two  years.  He  must  also  take  the 
studies  which  go  with  the  group,  but  having  the  opportunity 
of  work  in  four  departments. 

The  change  as  to  electives  was  also  material.  Tlic  system 
as  developed  in  Allegheny  up  to  1011  had  allowed  free  choice 
of  al)Out  one-half  of  all  the  college  work,  few  restrictions  hav- 
ing remained  in  the  Junior  and  Senior  years.  Now  the  list  of 
free  electives  was  reduced  to  less  than  one  year's  work.  The 
same  number  of  electives  was  offered,  and  they  had  reached  one 
hundred  and  forty,  but  the  choice  of  the  student  Avas  restricted 
to  be  in  hannony  with  the  group  under  which  he  registered 
and  to  have  a  sequence.  He  is  directed  as  to  his  studies  within 
these  bounds  for  three-fourths  of  his  college  work.  Thus  has 
been  gained  concentration  and  detinite  training  for  the  ma- 
ti-iculate. 

This  ])rogTam  of  groups  and  electives  necessitated  a  sur- 
render by  the  old  classical  guard.  ^lathematics  was  put  on 
the  electi\e  list  for  certain  groups,  though  its  entrance  re- 
quirements were  kept  high.  Ta\o  years  and  a  half  of  algebra 
and  geometry  are  demanded.  The  Latin  recpiirement  for 
Freshmen  si»ecializing  in  modern  languages  was  reduced 
from  four  to  two  years.  In  fact  it  is  possible  to  secure  an 
A.  B.  without  Latin.  The  so-called  fifteen  Carnegie  units  were 
made  the  condition  for  entrance  into  college. 

Flexibility  Avas  imjtarted  in  the  range  and  the  an)ount  of 
credits  allowed  to  students  coming  to  Allegheny.  New  sub- 
jects put  on  the  list  were  zoology,  botany  and  geologv.  In- 
creased credits  were  allowed  to  the  entering  candidate  in  for- 
eign langniages,  English,  history  and  science;  three  units  to  the 
latter  two.  Howe\er,  entrance  certiticates  are  accepted  from 
graduates   of  four-year   high    schools   only.      In    special    cases 

[  -n-->  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

exaininatious  are  given  for  additional  units  to  students  from 
certain  liigli  standard  schools  of  three  years'  course. 

Tlie  civil  engineering  course  was  strengthened  by  addi- 
tional subjects,  but  was  not  brought  into  conformity  with  the 
group  sysreni  until  IDl:].  Tliis  action  tlien  was  taken  because 
Allegheny  did  not  possess  the  large  means  needed  to  equip  an 
engineering  department  that  could  compete  with  the  technical 
institutions.  Mr.  Arthur  AY.  Thompson.  '07,  tlie  most  distin- 
guished graduate  of  the  engineering  alumni,  at  the  Centennial 
conference  of  engineers  in  Meadville,  June  23.  191.5,  thus  ex- 
pressed liis  conviction  as  to  tliis  policy : 

"The  course  now  given  in  Allegheny  will  prepare  young  men  in 
such  a  manner  that  they  may  enter  engineering  schools  and  receive  the 
degree  of  civil,  electrical  or  mining  engineers  and  reflect  credit  upon 
the  old  institution.  1  believe  today  too  much  attention  is  centered 
upon  special  subjects.  This  plan  has  turned  out  a  number  of  needed 
specialists,  but  its  foil  is  found  in  its  failure  to  produce  a  sutliciency  of 
managers,  men  capable  of  handling  big  work  in  all  of  its  various  and 
difficult  phases,  men  who  can  initiate,  prosecute  and  bring  to  successful 
termination  projects  in  the  several  lines  of  business. 

The  general  knowledge  to  be  gained  in  Allegheny  under  preseni 
conditions,  and  especially  in  view  of  the  intimate  personal  association 
with  the  president,  professors  and  tutors  that  belongs  to  the  atmo- 
sphere of  the  college,  and  which  is  so  stimulating  and  invigorating  and 
helpful,  makes  possible  a  promising  career  for  young  men  who  are 
painstaking,   assiduous,   energetic  students." 

The  new  systejn  of  the  groups  of  study  has  worked  well  in 
the  main  and  undoubtedly  advanced  the  standard  of  scholar- 
shij).  For  tlie  growth  of  Allegheny  educationally  has  been  the 
truly  significant  fact  of  its  history  in  the  Twentieth  Century. 
It  is  the  chief  distinction  of  the  administration  of  President 
Crawfoi-<l.  In  the  decade  of  11)02-12,  the  number  of  graduates 
increased  80%.  In  the  T'nited  States,  the  large  increase  has 
been  in  technical  schools  and  State  universities.  But  only 
V.>%  of  these  had  a  higher  percentage  of  growth  in  the  <leca<le 
than  Allegheny.  This  advance  in  many  inslitntions  has  come 
because  of  n<'w  (lej>artments  or  swe<'ping  modifications  of  cur- 
ricnla.  Allegheny  has  merely  develope<l  the  <lepartments  of 
twenty  years  ago  ami  maintained  its  policy  of  concentration 


HISTOKV   OF   ALLEdllEXY   COLLEGE 

of  eniplia.sis  on  the  cultural  fuuctions  of  the  colh'^e.  Eighty 
per  ceut  of  its  j^raduates  iu  tlie  decade  received  the  A.  B.,  while 
in  twenty-three  otlier  coHe<»es  only  2V/(  took  the  A.  B.  Its 
increase  has  not  been  due  to  any  chaujie  of  ideals  or  bread  and 
butter  ]>olicy.  Jf  in  future  years  the  number  of  graduates 
receiving  the  B.  S.  shall  largely  increase,  the  traditions  of  the 
institution  as  a  liberal  arts  college  will  nevertheless  not  have 
l)een  lost. 

Tlie  choice  of  departments  by  students  in   the  past  seven 
years  has  been  as  follows: 

1908-9  J909-10  1910-11  1911-12  1912-1:?  19n-14  1914-15 

English     268  259  327  299  335  326  280 

Romance  Languages    ...  123  94  111  l69  193  188  2l4 

German     84  111  122  l56  202  215  217 

Bible   and   Philosophy...  189  206  189  264  233  318  318 

History    and   Economics.  188  196  I8l  l93  25o  253  259 

Biology   and   Geology...  98  133  89  104  135  l57  184 

.Mathematics     143  145  107  119  95  96  85 

Physics     56  80  78  70  77  75  72 

Latin    Ill  177  185  155  137  12:''  13  3- 

Greek     53  62  44  59  5o  60  53 

Chemistry     66  115  l50  l8l  240  224  216 

College     Enrollment....  322  339  357  369  406  4l8  400 


[   -HT  ] 


jjki. 


CHAPTKK   XIII 

STUDENT   LIFE 


NFA1LIX(J  interest  attaclies 
to  tlie  unconventional  in  col- 
lef>e  relations.  Rules  and 
regulations  are  concerned 
with  the  obvious  and  tlie 
compulsory.  The  college  life 
that  makes  the  popular  ap- 
peal has  for  its  theme  the 
student  outside  of  the  class- 
room, his  enterprises,  pranks,  schemes  and  conflicts  with 
authority  and  his  fellows.  The  true  story  of  the  under- 
graduate is  the  record  of  his  voluntary  activities  and  asso- 
ciations. 

The  pursuit  of  learning  was  a  rather  solemn  thing  to  the 
youth  who  came  to  Allegheny  in  the  first  quarter  century  of 
its  history.  The  interests  of  the  class-room  dominated  the 
college  life  to  an  extent  incomprehensible  to  a  modern  student. 
Only  the  literary  societies  received  outside  attention.  The 
talent  and  zeal  developed  in  their  management  and  programs 
were  deemed  as  valuable  as  the  discipline  of  the  course  of 
study. 

Not  until  the  Methodist  regime  was  there  any  problem  as 
to  the  housing  of  the  students.  Meadville  extended  but  a 
block  north  of  the  Diamond.  The  "red  mill"  was  on  the  out- 
skirts, likewise  the  residence  of  President  Enter  who  was 
accustomed  to  take  his  morning  path  through  the  fields  to 
Bentley  Hall.  Then  there  was  built  on  the  present  site  of 
Ruter  a  structure  described  as  "seven  stories  long  ami  one 
story  high",  and  dubbed  "Starvation  Row''.  Another  buildiug 
of  two  stories  was  i)laced  later  north  of  the  first  wooden  dor- 
mitory. Many  of  the  students  from  these  days  on  to  the  Civil 
War  period  "batched",  boarded  themselves.     The  college  sup- 

[  41^  ] 


HI?>TOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

plied  stoves  in  tlie  basement  of  Bentley.    Others  roomed  in  the 
distant  village  or  out  at  the  farm  houses. 

Meadville  was  early  on  the  chief  stage  coach  lines.  Though 
later  it  was  slow  in  getting  railroad  communication,  manv 
distinguished  persons  were  its  visitors,  such  as  Harriet  ^Mar- 
tiueau,  Audubon,  James  Buchanan  when  a  senator,  and 
President  Taylor.  Allegheny  takes  pride  in  an  inspection  of 
its  campus  and  Bentley  Hall,  then  in  i)rocess  of  erection,  by 
Marcpiis  de  Lafayette,  on  June  2,  1S25,  who,  touring  the  west, 
passed  from  Meadville  over  the  Waterford  and  Erie  turnpike. 
Tlie  great  French  patriot  and  friend  of  the  United  States 
inscribed  his  name  graciously  in  the  guest  book  of  the  college. 


^iAJa^i^i{/i^ 


Tlie  first  fatality  in  term  time  came  Saturday,  Dec.  :>1. 
]s:{7.  Archibald  McIOIroy.  a  student,  while  skating  on  French 
Greek,  three  miles  north  of  Meadville.  was  drown»Ml.  His 
f(dlow  students  exj»ressed  their  grief  by  wearing  (•rei)e  thirty 
days  and  drafting  resolntioiis  of  symjiathy,  ]>ublished  in  thf 
TiTTS!!ri{(;  GoMKitKNci;  .joiitXAi..  A  i>()em  of  some  thii-ty  lim^s 
npon  the  untimely  death  of  ^I(l'>]roy  a]»peared  in  the  IMtls- 
bui'gh  pajK'r  als(».  These  called  forth  a  cnrious  criticism  by 
Kev.  Tiobei't  Boyd.  He  complaiiiecl  in  ])rint  that  the  resol;;- 
tioiis  had   not   iii<hided   dis;ii>itroval  of   the  woi-se  tlian  usele  ^ 

r   420   1 


iiit>T()i;v  OF  Ai.iJccjiiFXV  c()ij.e(;e 

practice  of  sknlinj:^'  oii  ice.  Jlc  also  regret I(m1  that  so  iiiflii- 
oiitial  a  body,  as  the  Allegheny  stiideiils,  ha<l  i)nl)li(ly  sanc- 
tioned the  wearing-  of  mourning  badges. 

^[r.  James  lieynolds,  of  Mead vi lie.  a  Trustee,  replied  in  the 
JoiRXAL  that  the  article  of  the  Methodist  preacher  was  ".i- 
officious  interfereuce  that  had  done  no  good.  The  meeting  of 
the  students  had  expressed  a  natural,  profound  feeling  of 
grief;  liad  it  passed  resolutions  as  to  skating,  *'it  might  have 
pleased  some  Pharisees,  but  it  would  have  been  an  ill  tim(;d 
ert'ort  to  subserve  the  iuterests  of  a  doubtful  moralitv".  Tlie 
student  body  of  the  period  did  maintain  a  high  rej)utation  for 
character,  but  it  was  not  the  last  time  that  the  public  has  been 
willing  to  misinterpret  college  incidents  and  attempt  to  draw 
unfavorable  infereuces.  McElroy  is  buried  in  the  college  lot 
in  Greeudale  Cemetery. 

There  entered  the  Faculty  in  18:18  a  man  of  different  ty])e 
from  the  other  ministerial  professors.  IJ.  T.  P.  Allen,  a  grad- 
uate of  West  Point,  retained  the  flavor  of  his  military  training. 
He  formed  a  number  of  the  students  into  a  military  company 
for  drill  without  arms  aud  the  movement  was  highly  popular, 
besides  bringing  to  the  boys  a  better  carriage  and  physicpie. 
He  also  introduced  voluntary  French  classes  at  his  home  to 
which  the  young  women  of  the  village  were  admitted,  thus 
making  the  earliest  venture  in  coeducation.  Mrs.  Allen  was  a 
relative  of  General  Andrew  Jackson  ami  with  true  southern 
hospitality  her  home  was  a  favorite  gathering  jdace  for  the 
students. 

The  wife  of  President  Homer  J.  Clark  was  r.n  especially 
cultured  lady.  She  had  graduated  at  a  seminary  of  distinction 
and  was  a  writer  of  nun-it.  She  was  also  gifted  as  a  public 
S]>eaker  ami  was  one  of  the  earliest  women  of  the  time  to 
make  addresses  on  missions,  temperance  and  kimlred  themes. 
The  Clark  liome  was  freely  open  to  the  students  and  most  con- 
genial relations  were  maintained  with  the  townsfolk.  In 
fact,  the  matrimonial  alliances  contiacted  by  the  Alleghenv 
men  with  the  Meadville  l)elles  were  fully  as  numerous  over  a 
])eriod  of  a  half  century,  as  in  proportion  they  have  been  in 
these  latter  halcyon  years  of  Hulings  Hall. 

[   -^-1    ] 


HISTOrvY  OF  ALLEGHE>'Y  COLLEGE 

A  strict  observance  of  the  Sabbath  in  the  Thirties  did  not 
save  the  day  from  all  disorder.  The  Brick  Church  was  well 
filled  for  an  evening  service  one  June  in  the  interest  of  the 
Colonization  Society.  Suddenly  through  the  open  window  s 
above  the  voice  of  the  speaker  broke  the  shrill  cries,  "fire,  fire," 
the  "college",  The  sanctuary  was  quickly  emptied  and  the 
breathless  congregation  arrived  on  the  Hill  to  find  a  worthless 
outbuilding  in  flames.  The  famed  library  was  kept  on  the 
third  floor  of  Bentley,  seldom  revealed  to  student  gaze.  Curi- 
osity got  the  better  of  two  fresh  matriculates.  Scaling  the 
wall  by  the  lightning  rod.  they  gazed  at  midnight  npon  the 
treasures.  But  their  lighted  candle  brought  the  janitor  and  a 
shoe  left  behind  in  flight  revealed  the  marauders.  The  culprits 
next  morning  in  chapel  received  reprinumd  before  their  fellows. 

Militia  training  day  at  the  last  of  -Tune  in  Meadville  v/as 
the  grand  occasion  of  the  year.  Certain  companies  of  Crawford 
County  were  uniformed,  following  their  fancy  as  to  costume. 
The  Meadville  Grays,  the  Cussewago  Rifles,  the  Meadville 
Dragoons  and  the  Meadville  Artillery  made  a  brave  showing 
on  the  Diamond  as  parade  ground.  But  the  usual  citizen 
soldiery  was  a  nondescript  lot  as  it  assembled  by  hnv  on 
muster  day.  Finally  in  the  late  Forties  the  system  fell  into 
such  inefliciency,  that  the  Allegheny  boys  decided  to  break  up 
the  annual  review.  They  hired  horses  and  from  the  by-streets 
charged  the  awkward  lines  trying  to  march.  A  general  melee 
ensued,  the  chaige  was  repeated,  clults  freely  used  and  heads 
cracked.    Bnt  this  was  the  end  of  1  raining  day  in  Crawford. 

Tlie  relations  belween  Ihe  stndents  and  town  youth  were 
sometimes  strained.  In  the  s])ring  of  IS.").'*,  tlu'  boys  led  by 
litth*  .Jimmy  Tli(»burn  \\'ent  to  Gninini]>'  on  AVater  street 
and  titled  ont  with  l)la(k  straw  hats.  The  wholesale  demand 
lowered  the  ]»rice  fi'om  fift<'en  cents  to  a  York  shilling.  Then 
the  crowd  in  its  new  lieadgear  started  to  ]>arade  the  street. 
This  aroused  the  local  ire  and  a  half-witted  lad  was  fitted  with 
a  black  straw  and  sent  to  march  ahead  of  the  Allegheny  com- 
]»any.  Ti-o\ilde  stai'ted  at  once  and  several  town  feUows  wer.» 
i-ollcd  in  the  dirt  of  the  Diamond.  The  ci-y  of  ])olice  sent  tlie 
stndents   on    a    i-nn    uj*   to   tlie   caini>us.      I'^icnlty   action   was 

[   422  1 


IIISTOIJV   OF  ALLECJIIEXV   COLLEGE 

feared  next  day,  so  the  leadei's  in  the  fracafs  1)011^,111  a  large 
straw  hat  for  IM'ofessor  Williams,  who  lived  remote  on  a 
farm,  and  waylaying  him  en  route  to  chapel  asked  him  to  don 
the  new  college  attire  with  the  boys'  com]dimenls.  When  the 
]»i-ofessor  a])peared  at  the  cha])el  door  Ihns  hatted,  a  frenzy 
of  ai)i»lanse  greeted  his  amazed  entrance.  With  such  a  recruit 
foi*  the  new  fashion.  Dr.  Barker  made  no  reference  to  hats  or 
riots. 

This  e])isode  of  college  life  started  at  Foi-t  l^lack.      This   Avas 
the  most  noted  of  the  boarding  honses  of  the  decade.     Tt  still 


Fort  Black 

stands  a  mile  north  of  the  campus  in  the  rear  of  the  school- 
lionse  on  the  suburban  trolley  line.  Here  lived  dames  M.  Tho- 
burn,  Harvey  Henderson  and  a  score  of  their  college  mates. 
There  was  an  intinmcy,  a  give  and  take  that  helped  much  to 
character  foundation.  The  boys  had  nicknames  for  each  other, 
selected  from  the  popular  books  of  the  day.  Our  good  bishoi* 
of  India  was  known  as  ''Doctor  Billy''.  Another  famous 
boarding  center  was  Frew's.  The  distance  from  the  college 
i-egulated  the  price  of  board,  a  shilling  more  or  less  per  week. 

[  ^23  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

Two  miles  away  with  a  fanner,  lodging  and  table  cost  one 
tliii'ty-seven  and  a  half. 

In  1858.  Dr.  Goes,  at  the  site  of  the  Odd  Fellows"  Home 
of  today,  enjoyed  much  popularity.  Here  young  William  Mc- 
Kinley  and  William  Osborne  lived.  Board  alone  could  yet  be 
had  for  nine  shillings.  Culver  Hall  was  built  to  aid  in  reduc- 
ing the  high  cost  of  living  after  the  Civil  AYar.  But  in  a  f^w 
years  it  was  more  expensive  than  the  private  boarding  ])laces. 
In  the  early  Seventies  a  well-known  lodging  house  was  ••Calla- 
han's Eanche"  on  Liberty  street,  south  of  Arch.  Culver  from 
a  patronage  of  forty  rose  to  one  hundred  under  the  su]>ervision 
of  Professor  IJeid.  In  the  Hall's  early  years  tliere  was  little 
disci]>line;  much  i>illaging  of  rooms  prevailed  and  tal)le  man- 
ners were  not  the  best.  AYith  the  larger  attendance  under  Di'. 
Bugbee,  conditions  improved.  But  student  fnn  yet  ran  a 
lively  pace  inside  its  walls,  Billy  Austin  as  factotum  being  a 
shining  mark. 

Culver  Hall  Avas  the  college  in  microcosm.  It  was  an 
imperium  in  imjierio.  Its  lodgers  felt  that  it  was  a  ])art  of  the 
college  training  to  live  there  a  few  terms  at  least.  The  one  on 
the  inside  could  see  how  student  lines  were  drawn.  If  a  mattei 
were  broached  on  the  Hill,  the  sentiment  in  Culver  would 
settle  it.  All  ]»rojects  good,  l»ad  and  indifferent  here  arose. 
It  was  the  lieachjuarters  of  Hallowe'en  marauders,  military 
devotees  and  future  missionai-ies.  Followers  of  bascl>all  and 
the  gi'inds  sat  clieek  by  jowl.  Tlie  commingling  of  the  diverse 
elements  made  u])  tlie  cor]»orate  ojiinion  of  Allegheny  AYlien 
Gnhci-  l»ui-n('d.  nuiiiy  had  rcconrsc  to  the  Hnlings  Hall  tables, 
a  ])raclic('  ended  in  ]8!H.  The  fiaternily  liouscs  nlici-  1S8!) 
brought  a  new  social  life.  Those  not  Greeks  ate  for  a  score 
of  yeai-s  at  vai-ions  clubs,  such  as  Kelly,  ••''ai-relly.  Hanks.  Chau- 
1an([nan,  Bi-own  and  <'olonial.  Then  the  Cochi-au  ('onimons 
came  to  fui'uish  a  college  home. 

The  students  were  not  inclined  to  fall  into  parlis.in  gr(»ui>s. 
save  foi-  the  literary  society  demarcation.  It  was  said  that 
Hie  Alleghenians  were  likely  to  be  Denntci-als  and  future 
lawyers,  while  I'liilo  I-'rauklin  men  wei-e  AYIiigs  mostly  and 
])re]>ai'ing   for   the  luinisli-y.      A    flag   raisiug   on    Ihe    Beiitley 


HISTOKY   OF  ALLE(J11EXY   COLLEGE 

tower  in  the  Fifties  Avas  an  outstanding  incident  in  tlie  student 
memory  for  lonjij  years.  It  was  a  Denioci-atic  banner  and 
Professor  Kin<>s]ey  drove  its  defenders  down  the  stairs.  Tlie 
AVhig'  janitor,  T.  IL  ILigerty,  liad  tlie  duty  of  reniovin<>-  tlie 
cause  of  tlie  commotion,  but  bits  of  tlie  lia<;-  were  worn  to 
church  by  those  wlio  seized  it.  A  student  on  crutches,  .Tosei)h 
^[cC'arty,  was  a  ])ronounced  abolitionist  of  the  time,  but  in  the 
main  tliere  were  few  a<;itators  in  colle<ie  on  either  side. 

In  the  days  of  President  John  Barker  com]>ositions  and 
declamations  were  required  throughout  the  college  course. 
At  morning-  cha])el,  after  the  roll  call  and  prater,  there  would 
follow  declamations  by  four  students.  The  Seniors  four  times 
in  the  year  must  pronounce  original  orations.  Dr.  Parker  had 
the  practice  of  reading  the  speeches  in  advance  and  lie  would 
announce  the  orators  after  his  estimate  of  their  excellence,  the 
best  composition  coming  last.  Honors  upon  the  Commence- 
ment stage  Avere  indicated  in  the  valedictory,  the  Creek  saluta- 
tory and  the  Latin  salutator}'. 

These  three  scholastic  prizes  were  sought  eagerly  ]»y  the 
graduates,  since  they  were  conferred  upon  the  basis  of  class 
stamling,  while  the  oratorical  honors  in  the  literary  societies 
Mere  gained  by  election.  For  more  than  two  decades  the  cus- 
tom prevailed.  In  187."),  the  first  honoi's  were  won  by  ^liss 
Annie  ^[.  Warner,  now  ^Nlrs.  E.  A.  Hempstead  of  Meadville, 
and  the  second  by  3Iiss  Julia  riorum,  now  JNIrs.  H.  E.  Bligh,  of 
AVarsaw,  N.  Y.  No  awards  were  made  in  subse([uent  years. 
The  ''Afosaic"  of  the  Ossoli  Lit(M"ary  Society  in  ISTC  had  the 
following  sentiment: 

''Jack  and  (Jill  went  \\\)  the  Hill  to  Allegheny  College: 
Tn  days  gone  by  Jack  went  alone. 
And  down  came  tmnbling  honors. 
Put  uo\\\  alas  I  for  fear  of  Gill 
His  honors  all  are  "goners". 

The  campus  of  Allegheny  from  earliest  times  was  esteeme<l 
for  its  superiority  of  location.  The  desire  to  improve  it  and 
enhance  its  natui'al  beauty  has  been  |)er<Minial.  Xotw  ilhstand- 
ing  orders  by  the  Trustees  in  IS.'^G  to  plant  trees,  it   was  T)r 


IIISTOKV   OF  ALLEGHENY   COLLEGE 

Barker  avIio  had  a  successful  series  of  arbor  days  ou  the  Hill. 
The  fruits  of  the  labors  of  love  of  uiauv  stu<leuts  iu  the  Fifties 
are  the  glory  and  the  pride  of  the  college  grounds  of  today. 

The  earliest  tree  of  record  that  is  known  and  the  noblest 
of  them  all  is  the  elm  planted  by  Dr.  Jonathan  Hamnett,  '39, 
when  he  was  a  student.  The  fantastic  sliape  of  its  great  limbs 
has  caused  some  to  call  it  the  Lyre  Tree.  Its  location  is  most 
prominent,  near  Enter  Hall  doorway,  which  is  so  beautiful  in 
classic  simplicity  of  architectural  detail.  It  stands  a  sturdy 
sentinel,  guarding  the  building  which  for  half  a  century  housed 
the  student  body  in  its  daily  chapel  gathering. 

The  hickory  in  front  of  the  east  portico  of  Bentley  was 
planted  by  liev.  J.  C.  High,  '53,  who  in  tlie  centennial  year  of 
the  college  recalls  the  occasion  vividh'.  The  pine  out  from  the 
northeast  corner  of  Wilcox  Hall  was  placed  by  Bishop  Tho- 
burn.  '.j7,  and  the  pine  directly  in  front  of  Huliugs  by  Col. 
J.  W.  H.  Keisiuger,  '56.  J.  D.  Stevens,  '50,  planted  the  pine  in 
the  center  of  the  inner  campus,  south  of  the  walk.  The  row  of 
elms  along  Main  street  opposite  Cochran  Hall  nuikes  an  appro- 
priate scholastic  setting.  One  of  them,  planted  by  W.  P. 
McElwain,  85,  bears  a  silver  plate  high  up  on  its  trunk,  em- 
bedded in  the  bark. 

An  ancient  broad  chestnut  tree  was  removed  from  the  knoll 
on  the  campus  that  the  library  now  occupies.  The  several 
splendid  chestnuts  along  the  ravine  were  wisely  located  by 
now  unknown  hands.  The  Circle  of  IMnes  between  Ford  Me- 
morial Chapel  and  the  Observatory  was  planted  by  the  class 
of  1873,  one  tree  for  eat^h  member,  fifteen  in  all.  It  is  still 
complete,  but  for  one  tree  which  died  and  was  removed.  Tra- 
dition would  have  had  it  that  with  the  circle  of  '73  entered 
by  death,  there  followed  a  loss  in  the  group  of  pines. 

Student  fancy  of  today  traces  odd  resemblances  in  the  trees 
that  grace  the  lawns  and  shade  the  walks.  Between  Bentley 
and  Ilulings  Hall  grows  a  great  silver  poplar.  In  outline  it 
presents  the  form  of  a  hand.  Seen  from  the  walk  near  Bentley, 
the  hand  is  opened  with  palm  facing,  the  thumb  extending  out, 
pointing  over  the  walk;  the  synd)olism  is  evident.     It  is  the 


HISTOJJY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

iiii^liTv  ILnid  of  Kuowiedge.  reaching  outward  and  upward, 
endtracing  all. 

By  the  circling  walk  to  the  library  stands  the  Seven 
Sisters,  another  poplar  of  singular  beauty.  The  cluster  of  six 
trees  from  a  single  root  is  in  the  summer  time  like  a  huge 
spray  of  grey,  silvery  stems  and  shimmering  foliage.  Feminine 
invention  in  Allegheny  has  a  tale  of  a  maiden,  an  Hamadryad, 
the  dweller  in  the  seventh  tree,  who,  drawn  from  her  home  by 
love  of  a  student,  that  passed  by  chance,  forgot  to  return 
before  the  first  ray  of  dawn  to  her  sisters.  The  spirit  of  this 
seventh  sister  wanders  homeless,  so  they  say,  ou  the  moonlit 
campus,  while  the  tree  that  sheltered  her  was  blighted  and 
died  years  ago. 

Distinctive  class  performances  on  the  Hill  seem  in  the 
early  instances  to  have  been  in  the  nmin  the  work  of  the 
Sophomores  or  the  Freshmen.  The  "dead  languages''  wei-e 
buried  Monday  evening.  June  22,  1874.  The  procession  started 
from  Culver  Hall  at  9  :oO  p.  m.  The  Sophomores  were  in 
costumes.  Freshmen  and  "preps"  were  in  the  ranks.  The 
funeral  exercises  were  given  in  Greek  aud  an  oratiou  was  pro- 
nounced in  Latin.  The  interment  of  the  texts  was  on  the 
campus,  which  had  been  brilliantly  decorated  with  lanterns. 

The  program  in  June,  1875,  was  more  elaborate  and  was 
changed.  It  Avas  the  unveiling  of  a  monument  on  the  cam])us 
to  the  dead  languages.  The  procession  started  from  the  Stone 
rMiurch  and  Avas  headed  by  the  College  Band,  the  students 
singing  "Marching  Through  ^leadville".  A  large  company 
gathered  on  the  Hill.  Bentley  was  illuminated  with  many 
lanterns.  The  ^leadville  Silver  Cornet  Band  rendered  selec- 
tions. Tlie  officiating  parson  read  extracts  from  the  classics 
and  the  (ihost  of' Cicero  appeared  in  the  jierson  of  Andrew  C. 
Ellis.  '78.  who  made  so  erudite  and  witty  an  address,  that  it 
also  was  hailed  as  a  classic, 

Tlie  Sophomores  varied  their  program  again  in  June.  1877. 
wluMi  Calculus  was  cremated  in  the  jiresence  of  a  ;>readvillc 
and  college  assembly.  The  next  year  ^latthew  Matics  was 
tried  and  executed.  The  Sophomore  performance  of  1870  was 
transf(M'red    to   the   opera    house   and    an    admission    charged. 

[   420   ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

The  nature  of  the  exercises  had  changed,  becoming  jiersonai, 
and  was  largely  a  burlesque  of  members  of  the  Senior  class. 
"Beelzebub  Let  Loose"  or  the  "Vagaries  of  Allegheny  Col- 
lege'', a  play  in  verse  by  C.  M.  Snyder,  '82,  held  the  stage 
next  commencement.  It  ridiculed  the  Faculty  as  well  as  the 
Seniors. 

Prohibition  of  similar  class  exjjloits  followed,  but  the 
Sophomores  in  1881  by  a  ruse  rented  the  opera  house  and  gave 
an  entertainment  aimed  at  the  Seniors  alone.  There  was  a 
minstrel  show,  an  impersonation  of  S.  M.  Decker,  the  all- 
round  athlete,  and  a  portrayal  of  the  Class  of  I880,  twenty 
years  later.  The  Sophs  pocketed  the  proceeds  of  a  crowded 
house.  A  farce  of  some  merit,  entitled  ''When  the  Cat's  Away, 
the  Mice  Will  Play",  was  written  by  C.  :M.  Snyder  in  1882. 
The  scene  was  Hulings  Hall,  but  the  dramatic  presentation 
was  at  the  Exchange  Hotel.  Franklin. 

The  first  class  day  exercises  by  the  Seniors  occurred  in 
1879  and  the  custom  was  continued  three  years,  when  a  politi- 
cal deadlock  caused  no  speakers  to  be  chosen.  The  Class  of 
1887  in  its  Freshman  year  conducted  an  ambitious  enterprise 
with  much  credit.  It  published  The  Owl,  a  monthly  paper 
appearing  from  November,  1884,  to  June,  1885.  It  was  a 
spirited  rival  to  The  Camits.  Its  editors  were  H.  E.  Smith, 
O.  J.  Mason,  F.  H.  Shaw,  E.  B.  Bodley,  J.  B.  Ford,  Jr.,  Homer 
J.  Clark,  Harriot  Keitze.  Lillian  Fradenburgh,  Gertrude 
Douglas,  Ernest  Merrick  and  W.  M.  Yard. 

But  tlie  most  notable  achievement  of  any  of  the  lower 
undergraduate  classes  in  Allegheny  was  the  writing  and  the 
staging  of  ''Captain  Dutton"  liy  the  Class  of  18!)0  in  its 
Freshman  year. 

The  play  created  so  great  a  furore  because  it  was  founded 
on  local  college  facts,  cleverly  dramatized,  and  put  on  the 
boards  with  amazing  skill  and  accuracy.  Cai»tain  Dutton, 
l»uri>orting  to  be  of  the  V.  S.  army  and  an  exjx'rt  in  geology, 
came  to  Meadville  in  January,  1887.  He  completely  deceive<] 
MajfH'  Fuller,  the  ofticer  detailed  at  Allegheny.  He  lectuT'e<l 
to  the  science  classes,  talked  in  cliapel,  was  feted  by  the  citi- 
zens,  and    then    suddenly    moved    on,    leaving    some    rmancial 

[  4.'{0  ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

losses.  Tlie  cast  was:  Gaptaiii  Dntton,  V.  C.  Bray;  Major 
Fuller,  Win.  McNair;  H.  L.  liiehnioiHL  Dr.  Ilainnett  and  Jack 
Rojiers,  .7.  A.  Wakefield;  Sincie  Sawbuck,  B.  E.  Williamson; 
Professor  Montgomery,  J.  K.  Anderson ;  Dr.  Wheeier  and 
Harry  Dick,  N.  A.  Flood;  Dr.  Williams  and  Col.  Dick,  G.  H. 
Fuller;  Dr.  Luccock,  E.  A.  Hersperger;  Mr.  Rosclii  and  Dr. 
8tillwell.  C.  L.  Howe;  Professor  Xewlin.  D.  H.  Dunn;  Bellboy, 
Harry  Barrett. 

College  pranks  run  a  certain  cycle.  There  were  a  few 
main  tricks  in  Allegheny  often  repeated.  The  belfry  of 
Bentley  has  been  the  frequent  goal  of  the  fancied  daring  of 
the  fledgling  on  the  Hill.  The  number  of  purloined  bell  clap- 
pers through  the  student  generations  is  legion.  The  tying  of 
a  calf  or  a  dog  in  the  professor's  chair,  putting  a  cow  in  the 
tower,  tearing  up  the  board  walks,  and  filling  the  chapel  in 
the  night  time  with  hay  or  oats  seemed  doubtless  at  the  time 
deeds  of  mighty  prowess.  But  the  lettering  of  the  front  of 
l^uter  with  the  legend  ''Megatherium  Stable,  J.  Tingley, 
Hostler",  smacks  decidedly  of  the  vandal,  whether  perpetrated 
on  college  or  other  property.  Modern  athletics  has  become 
happily  a  convenient  safety  valve  for  the  excessive  vitality 
and  ingenuity  of  the  undergraduate. 

The  strategy  of  class  against  class  afforded  a  fertile  field 
for  enterprise  and  enthusiasm.  In  the  spring  of  '78,  the  Class 
of  1880  placed  on  the  campus,  near  Bentley,  a  great  boulder 
and  had  it  graven  with  ''Spes  sibi  quisque  Sophomores  of 
1880."  The  Freshmen  took  this  as  a  challenge  and  one  dark 
night  rolled  the  rock  of  offence  into  the  deep  ravine  across 
the  driveway.  The  chapel  procession  of  the  morning  noted  the 
vacant  site  by  the  walk,  but  on  the  following  day  there  the 

Sophomore  stone  stood 
as  if  by  magic  on  the 
former  spot  of  vantage. 
Block,  cable,  greased 
planks,  and  sturdy  fel- 
lows had  performed  the 
labor  while  the  enemy 
slept.  Thereafter  an 
armed    guard    held    the 

[  431  ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

adjacent  office  of  President  Bugbee  until  the  peril  of  a  second 
removal   had  passed. 

An  unusual  class  fight  was  that  of  '90  with  '91,  the  Fresh- 
men. The  scene  of  the  encounter  was  on  French  Creek  at  the 
Twin  Sisters  islands,  which  were  fortified  by  the  Sophomores. 
Many  of  the  contestants  were  thoroughly  immersed.  The 
Senior-Sophomore  banquet  with  its  conditions  of  secret  prepa- 
ration was  the  occasion  of  many  stirring  quests  and  encoun- 
ters with  rival  classes.  Serious  hazing  never  took  place,  but 
a  practice  of  numy  years  was  "bouncing'',  in  which  the  Fresu- 
man  or  objectionable  party  was  tossed  in  a  blanket  or  the 
cannon  tarpaulin. 

An  exploit  that  was  well  executed  was  the  appearance  at  a 
clia]»el  service  in  18S9  of  the  young  women  in  the  attire  of 
nuns.  This  was  the  feminine  reply  to  a  stricture  passed  upon 
Hulings  Hall.  The  incident  had  extensive  publicity  in  the 
press.  In  recent  years  the  men  of  the  Senior  Class  of  1911 
gained  some  notoriety  by  growing  beards ;  then  they  conducted 
a  periodical.  "Wliiskers",  to  apprize  the  college  world  of  their 
success. 

A  phenomenon  of  college  life  often  recurrent  from  an  early 
pei-i(»<l  was  the  anonymous  publication,  attacking  students, 
Faculty  and  townsfolk.  The  first  appearance  in  1855  was  a 
burlesque  on  the  graduation  program.  In  the  first  issues 
Ihere  was  an  at1emi»t  at  wit.  but  the  fact  of  the  secrecy  of 
ihe  slieet  tended  to  make  it  scurrilous  and  fiagi*antly  obscene. 
Tlie  ]>a])er  jmijiorted  usually  To  be  pnblislied  at  tlie  office  of 
llie  I'lTTsiuFu;  CirnisTiAx  Ai>vocate.  Before  the  Civil  War 
tliere  appeared  llie  "Comet"  and  the  "Comet's  Tail";  later  the 
"Iloinet"'.  the  "Thunderbolt",  the  "^VasJ>"'  and  tlie  "Kanga- 
roo': in  tlie  Jingbee  regime  "Tutor  et  Ultor"  and  later,  the 
"Xightliawk"  and  the  ''Tarantula".  Dr.  Bugbee  made  a  vig- 
<»rons  ctVorl  to  break  n]»  the  practice.  IJewards  for  detection 
were  oIlVrcMl.  ;i  consignment  seized  ami  a  ]»r()S(HMit ion  made 
in   tlic  courts  at   large  expense. 

College  journalism  began  in  187(5.  The  Camits  was  is- 
sued nionlldy  as  a  piixate  enterprise  by  a  senior,  a  junior, 
and    ;i    sojilioMiore.      Wlieii    .Maxwell,    '79.    was    gi-a(lu:ite  1.    an 

[    l-5li   ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

editorial  corps  with  a  cliairmau  and  four  heads  of  depart- 
ments took  charge.  The  profits  or  loss  went  to  the  manager 
and  the  paper  ran  through  eight  volumes  on  this  basis.  In 
this  period  the  Cami-ls  maintained  a  high  standard.  The 
editorials  of  Wayne  Whipple,  '77,  A.  C.  Ellis,  '78,  W.  C.  Wil- 
son, 'SO,  W.  F.  Oldham,  '83,  J.  A.  Vance,  '83  discussed  ably 
and  freely  all  phases  of  college  interests.     The  Faculty  did 


Campus  Stockholders  of  1887-88 
Bray.         Mattern,  Nutt,  Siling-,  A.  C.  Lindsay,  Varner,         W.  Z.  Smith, 
F.  C.  Lindsay,  H.  E.  Smith, 

Wood.  Proper,  Gibson, 

Stubbs,  Anderson,  McNair,  Laffer,  Cattern,  Grove,  Brown,   Deming,   Howell, 

Dunn, 
Couse,  Flood,  Jason,  Crowthers. 

for  a  time  supervise  the  editing,  but  in  1880  entire  responsi- 
bility for  the  contents  was  lodged  in  the  chief  editor. 

When  volume  one  of  the  new  series  was  begun  in  1884, 
a  stock  company  of  students  had  assumed  control.  Fifty 
shares  at  one  dollar  each  were  issued  and  the  holders  elected 
the  board  of  editors.  Fraternity  lines  being  so  strictly 
drawn  in  the  college,  it  was  inevitable  that  certain  groups 
strove  for  a  controlling  interest.     The  nominal  value  of  the 

[  433  ] 


HISTOliY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

shares  had  been  increased  to  two  dollars,  but  the  market 
value  mounted  to  fifty  in  the  spring  of  1887.  when  a  dead- 
lock of  six  weeks  prevented  a  choice  of  an  editor  in  chief. 
The  legal  ownership  of  one  certificate  was  the  bone  of  con- 
tention and  the  college  Trustees  had  to  adjudicate  the  dis- 
pute. 

Through  these  years  the  periodical,  now  a  bi-weekly, 
reached  the  highest  pitch  of  excellence.  The  literary  work 
of  C.  W.  I»roctor.  'S.').  F.  H.  Shaw.  '87,  H.  E.  Smith,'88,  W. 
L.  Siling.  '!J0,  ^?.  S.  Marquis,  '00,  J.  A.  Gibson,  '91  and  B.  C. 
Heydrick.  '113.  with  their  associates  has  not  been  surpassed. 
Two  noted  associates  were  F.  G.  Bray,  "00,  of  the  Ixde- 
I'EXDEXT^  and  Frederick  I'almer,  the  war  correspondent.  The 
stock  of  the  Gampts  came  to  be  exclusively  held  in  the  fra- 
ternities, so  that  the  assignment  of  editors  was  a  matter  of 
rotation  and  the  benefit  of  a  limite<l  competition  was  lost. 
By  the  protest  of  the  non-fraternity  men  in  1002,  the  old 
order  was  displaced  and  a  new  staH:"  yearly  chosen  on  the 
basis  of  merit  and  literary  contributions  for  nine  months. 
A  few  men  of  sterling  worth  have  been  developed  each  season 
by  this  plan.  Tlie  chief  editors  chosen  were:  J.  G.  Nelson 
in  1003-1.  F.  E.  Baker.  1005.  .T.  B.  Crawford,  lOOG,  F.  L.  La 
Bounty.  1007.  H.  K.  Dennis.  1008.  W.  L.  Stidger,  1000.  J.  W. 
Barkley.  1010.  P.  M.  Hillman,  1011.  T.  Hughes.  1012.  C.  S. 
Miller.  l!»i:5.  V.  W.  .lohnstcMi.  IJIU.  C.  L.  Mulfinger.  lOl."). 
and  W.  A.   Ellis.   1010. 

The  AiJ.KGiiENY  LiTEKAKY  MoxTHLY  was  lauuched  in  Oc- 
tober. 1800.  The  Cam  ITS  liad  come  to  be  tlie  organ  of  the 
fraternities  and  many  felt  it  did  not  represent  the  best  lit- 
erary ability  of  the  college.  Plans  had  been  made  in  the 
.spring;  active  encouragement  was  received  from  ^liss  I<la 
M.  Tarbell  and  Dr.  John  W.  Perrin.  the  jtrofessor  of  History 
and  Politics,  stood  sponsor  for  the  ]»erio(lical.  He  ]>redicted 
that  the  editors  in  future  years  would  return  to  find  tlie 
"Lit"  a  ]»o\ver  in  Allegheny  life.  Charles  C.  Taylor,  '07,  was 
made  editor  in  chief  and  D.  S.  Swaney,  '07.  the  business 
mauager.  The  tirst  year  was  not  a  financial  success,  but  the 
standard  of  the  monthly  was  high. 

[  434  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

'  Its  two  fold  purpose  had  been  to  foster  literary  ability 
in  all  the  students,  and  to  arouse  the  alumni  to  an  interest 
in  their  alma  mater.  ]\Liny  jirticles  came  from  the  alumni; 
the  poetry  was  commendable,  but  there  was  a  lack  of  tiction. 
Mr.  Taylor  was  a  practical  printer,  who  has  become  the 
proprietor  of  the  Chautauqua  l*rint  Shop.  Mr.  Swaney  is 
now  with  Ginn  &  Co.  For  the  second  year  of  the  ''Lit", 
T.  Ivan  Bordwell,  '!)!),  Y.  M.  C.  A.  Secretary  at  San  Paulo, 
Brazil,  was  editor  in  chief  and  C.  K.  Davis,  90,  a  successful 
lawyer  of  ]S'ew   Castle,   was   business   manager. 

The  competitive  plan  for  the  choice  of  editors  was  ex- 
tended to  the  Monthly  after  it  was  adopted  for  the  r\\MPUS. 
The  periodical  has  never  had  a  large  circulation,  but  its 
typographical  appearance  has  always  been  especially  attrac- 
tive. The  alumni  feature  has  been  abandoned  in  late  years, 
possibly  because  of  the  small  supi)ort  by  the  graduates.  The 
"Lit"  has  encouraged  in  the  student  body  very  commendable 
short  story  writing.  One  of  the  most  novel  of  its  issues  was 
that  of  -lune,  190!),  containing  a  collection  of  the  early  ])oems 
of  W.  L.  Stidger,  the  rival  editor  of  the  Camtis. 

The  tirst  year  book  was  published  in  1S80  and  was  called 
the  Alleghenian.  It  was  a  modest  volume  bound  in  paper. 
The  Greek  Letter  societies  were  the  editors,  but  as  not  all 
were  represented  the  plan  was  abandoned  after  four  num- 
bers. The  first  "Kaldron"  made  its  appearance  in  1888  and 
then  the  fraternity  men  of  the  .Junior  class  supplied  Mic 
editorial  board.  The  secret  societies  kept  control  until  1008. 
Later,  an  electoral  board,  chosen  yearly  by  the  subscribers  to 
the  volume,  selects  the  staff  of  editors. 

An  attractive  volume  of  Allegheny  stories  was  edited  in 
1902  by  C.  H.  Slense  and  B.  B.  Wliiteliill.  Some  of  the  con- 
tributors were  Frederick  ]*almer,  Ida  M.  Tarbell,  Alice  Crit- 
tenden Derby  and  others.  Lecture  courses  have  been  given 
under  student  ausi)ices  at  intervals.  One  in  1800  by  the 
Allegheny  Literary  Society  brought  to  Meadville  Horace 
Greeley.  Henry  Ward  BcH.Hher.  Bayard  Taylor  and  John  G, 
Saxe.  Talent  then  was  fifty  dollars  a  night  and  the  boys 
realized  that  amount  tenfold  on  their  season.     The  Ossili  So- 

[  435  ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

ciety  gave  a  course  in  1878  and  a  group  of  upper  classmen  con- 
ducted a  course  in  1888. 

Athletics  were  tardily  developed  in  Allegheny.  Inter-col- 
legiate contests  were  difficult  to  arrange  because  of  the  loca- 
tion of  Meadville.  The  baseball  epidemic  of  the  Sixties 
reached  the  college.  There  were  first  and  second  nines,  but 
all  contests  were  with  local  or  neighboring  city  clubs.  In 
the  game  of  June  22,  18G7  with  the  Mutuals  of  Meadville, 
the  score  was  51  to  41  in  favor  of  the  town  team.  Allegheny 
caught  twenty  fly  balls,  the  Mutuals  ten;  each  missed  five. 
In  1873  a  series  of  three  games  was  played  with  the  Oil 
Stockings  of  Franklin,  the  college  winning.  The  pitcher  and 
catcher  were  McKelvey  and  McClintock. 

Being  one  of  the  first  colleges  to  have  the  detail  of  a  U. 
S.  officer,  the  introduction  of  militaiy  tactics  at  Allegheny 
deeply  impressed  the  student  life.  The  uniform  was  seen 
in  the  class  room  as  well  as  upon  the  drill  ground.  But  the 
change  of  commandant  every  three  years  did  not  work  well 
for  the  battalion.  The  plan  to  base  official  promotion  on 
scholastic  standing  also  caused  friction.  The  lack  of  an 
armory  on  the  Hill  was  a  serious  handicap.  Yet  the  Com- 
mencement review,  the  outing  at  Conneant  Lake,  the  ex- 
periences of  a  Camp  Ayer  and  various  other  incidents  make 
the  military  service  of  very  many  alumni  one  of  the  most 
prized  recollections  of  their  college  days. 

The  earliest  atliletic  association  of  the  college  was  organ- 
ized in  1880  and  held  a  field  meet  of  twelve  events  on  May 
27th  at  Island  Park.  Sport  and  learning  were  happily  com- 
bined by  giving  the  winner  of  tlie  mile  walk  a  volume  of 
Shakespeare.  Ba.seball  still  enjoyed  favor  and  grounds  were 
secured  and  graded.  In  1880,  the  interest  centered  around 
tlie  rival  clubs  of  the  Allegheny,  Philo  Franklin  and  Athenian 
Literary  Societies.  The  athletic  organization  had  an  erratic 
career.  The  Cvmits  in  1890  said  in  disgust,  ''This  is  a  col- 
lege without  ."^ports,  leading  so  far  as  the  student's  life  is 
concerned  a  dreary  attenuation  of  a  dismal  spark  of  exis 
tence." 

The  coming  of  Lt.   Cre<»  to  the  battalion   led   to   a   sharp 

[  4ar,  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

revival  in  athletic  interest.  A  baseball  trip  was  taken  to 
the  colleges  of  Western  Pennsylvania  in  1891.  AVashington 
and  Jefferson,  who  had  cancelled  a  game  in  May,  challenged 
to  football  in  November,  but  it  was  to  be  several  years  be- 
fore an  eleven  was  put  in  the  field.  The  seasons  of  3892  and 
1893  brought  the  best  ball  nines  the  college  had  known.  D. 
S.  Darragh,  a  stalwart  of  six  feet  four,  and  W.  K.  Murphy 
were  the  almost  invincible  pitchers  and  F.  H.  Sisley,  the  re- 
liable catcher. 

The  college  body  was  welded  into  a  real  enthusiasm  and 
for  the  first  time  in  many  years  every  student  felt  and  took 
a  common  interest  in  an  Allegheny  cause.  The  athletic  associ- 
ation bought  the  grandstand  and  the  fence  of  the  Island 
Park  grounds  down  town  and  student  energy  removed  them 
to  the  site  back  of  the  present  gymnasium.  The  structure 
erected  by  the  boys,  dubbed  the  ''Baldhead  grandstand," 
was  not  architecturally  handsome,  but  highly  serviceable.  It 
was  the  brave  forerunner  of  the  well-appointed  Montgomery 
Field  of  today. 

In  the  keen  desire  to  produce  winning  teams,  the  pro- 
fessional element  had  to  be  resisted.  Whatever  success  has 
come  to  Allegheny  in  athletics  is  largely  due  to  the  rigid 
insistence  upon  the  anmteur  standing  of  all  who  represent 
the  college.  Before  this  policy  was  entirely  adopted,  a  ques- 
tionable hoax  was  worked  on  the  president  of  a  neighboring 
college,  who  asked  if  any  of  the  visiting  ball  chib  would  lead 
in  prayer  at  chapel.  There  was  pointed  out  to  him  the  hired 
catcher,  who  always  wore  a  white  tie,  and  Avhen  in  Meadville 
a  white  apron.  The  pseudo-Alleghenian  was  too  overwhelmed 
when  he  Avas  named  to  lead  the  devotions  to  make  any  sort 
of  a  reply,  while  his  companions  were  scarcely  in  the  proper 
spirit  of  the  hour. 

Football  teams  existed  on  paper  and  the  students  prac- 
ticed against  each  other  some  years  before  a  full  inter-col- 
legiate schedule  was  played  in  1899.  Games  were  for  a  time 
had  with  Ohio  institutions,  but  the  College  Conference  re- 
lations limited  outside  contests  and  the  area  within  which 
Allegheny  is  able  to  arrange  a  schedule  is  circumscribed.  Its 

[  437  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

doughtiest  battles  have  beeu  with  Caruegie  Techuical  Insti- 
tute. Baseball  has  not  realized  the  promise  of  earlier  years, 
though  at  intervals  creditable  teams  have  been  turned  out, 
a  notable  example  being  that  coached  by  Branch  Rickey  in 
1906. 

It  is  basketball  in  which  the  fame  of  Allegheny  has  been 
preeminent.  The  opening  of  the  gAinnasium  saw  this  sport 
at  once  take  a  lead  it  has  kept  for  fifteen  years.  Most  of 
the  ''stars''  of  the  teams  were  developed  in  college.     The  game 


S<iua<i  of  1915 

is  vei-y  popular  witli  class  lives.  S.  ('.  Lamjx',  '();>.  of  IMtts- 
burgli  is  commonly  known  as  ''tlie  fatlier  of  basketball." 
Alleglieiiy  lias  pi-oduced  not  a  few  excellent,  all-round  ath- 
letes. In  an  incom]tlete  list  of  these  are,  W.  H.  T*ratt.  '00.  in 
baseball,  W.  S.  Borland,  'IH).  of  Oil  City,  baseball,  football 
and  basketball,  captain  in  three  sports,  .1.  M.  (irittith,  '02, 
baseball,  A.  S.  Frazier.'02,  football  and  ba.sketball,  R.  X.  Taylor 
'02,  basketball.  W.  H.  Taylor,  'O.*?.  baseball  and  football,  \. 
G.   Williams.   'O:',.   football   and   basketball.    F.    M.    McArthur, 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

'05,  basketball,  A.  >V.  Comfort,  '05,  baseball,  football  aud 
basketball,  E.  ^l.  (Jiesey,  '08.  basketball,  W.  J.  McQuistoii, 
'00,  football,  C.  I).  Baker,  '10,  basketball  and  baseball,  E.  P. 
Kennedy,  '11,  football,  H.  D.  Firestone,  '11,  basketball,  H. 
T.  Lavely,  '12,  football,  AV.  1).  Dotterer,  '1:;,  football,  L.  L. 
Hawk,  'i:{.  football,  basketball  and  baseball. 

Track  athletics  have  made  the  largest  proji^ress  of  recent 
years.  The  facilities  are  now  adecjuate  to  develoj)  excellent 
teams  for  all  events.     More  students  are  entering:  the  inter- 


A  Field  Meet 

class  contests  yearly.  An  interscholastic  meet  for  the  high 
schools  in  a  radius  of  sixty  miles  is  an  im]»ortanr  annual 
event  at  Montgomery  Field. 

Student  life  exhibits  the  tendency  of  social  structure  out- 
side the  college  to  have  many  organizations.  Several  groups 
in  Allegheny  are  associate<l  with  the  departments.  They 
serve  both  a  social  and  a  scholastic  purpose  and  the  interest 
given  to  them  is  vigorous  and  wholesome.  The  Scientitic 
Club  flourished  in   1S74  in   the  time  of  Dr.  Tingley.     It  was 

[   -t->^   ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

revived  under  Dr.  Montgomery  and  since  1913  is  known  as 
the  Tingley  Biological  Club.  The  Classical  Club  began  in 
189G  and  is  a  strong  adjunct  to  the  work  in  Greek  and  Latin. 
The  Quill  Club  was  formed  in  1899  to  promote  college 
journalism  and  press  corresi3ondence.  It  later  took  a  broad- 
er literary  purpose. 

The  German  Club  began  in  1906  and  Le  Petit  Salon  in 
1909  and  each  is  aggressively  maintained.  The  Modern 
Problems  Club  originated  in  1913  for  the  study  of  social 
questions  and  is  open  to  the  history  department  students. 
The  prospective  clergymen  started  the  Thoburn  Club  in  1907 
and  dramatic  interests  are  fostered  with  the  men  by  the 
Duzer  Du  Society  of  1908  and  with  the  women  by  the  Klee- 
o-Kleet  of  1911.  The  chemical  men  have  a  chapter  of  Alpha 
Chi  Sigma,  the  honor  secret  society  of  the  chemists  in  a  score 
of  American  universities  and  technical  schools.  The  inter- 
collegiate debaters  are  found  in  the  national  society  of  Delta 
Sigma  Rho.  Glee  clubs  and  brass  bands  have  been  inter- 
mittent features  since  the  Seventies. 

The  Christian  Associations  play  an  important  integral 
part  in  the  college  life.  They  occupy  attractive  rooms  and 
carry  on  many  helpful  activities.  They  have  promoted  the 
voluntary  mission  study  classes  and  presented  the  needs  of 
the  foreign  fields.  Several  students  are  now  missionaries  be- 
cause of  the  work  of  the  two  associations. 

It  is  a  moot  question  whether  there  is  such  a  thing  as  the 
Allegheny  spirit.  l*ossibly  it  is  yet  in  the  making.  Coedu- 
cation gradually  in  tlie  Eighties  had  a  distinct  influence  up- 
on tlie  life  on  the  Hill.  In  the  main,  tliere  has  been  a  sanity 
in  tlie  relation  of  the  sexes.  The  old  grad  will  insist  there 
never  have  been  days  like  those  of  the  canal  with  its  frequent 
boating  parties  of  llie  springtime.  Feminine  scholarship 
has  not  declined  in  these  latter  years,  while  llie  masculine 
mind  provides  a  worthy  rival.  Self-government  by  the  young 
women  of  Hulings  Hall   is  a  well   establislied   system. 

The  charge  has  been  fre(|uently  made  that  the  intensity  of 
the  fraternity  spirit  in  Allegheny  lias  been  an  injury  to  the 
place.     For  not  a  few  students  the  secret  society  was  bigger 

[  440  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHE^Y  COLLEGE 

than  the  college.  When  new  educational  ideals  were  arising 
and  the  response  was  slow,  the  future  of  Allegheny 
uncertain,  there  was  often  a  sad  lack  of  unity  of  senti- 
ment and  a  lapse  of  sturdy  loyalty  to  the  old  college  under 
all  circumstances.  A  visitor  from  Cornell  in  1889  commented, 
'''so  many  of  you  here  seem  to  delight  in  depreciating  the 
merits  of  your  own  institution."  The  Campus  was  forced  to 
admit  that  the  average  Alleghenian  of  that  time  was  a  "con- 
stant growler." 

In  the  new  "old  Allegheny,"  the  college  has  been  put  first. 
Recent  classes  have  expressed  their  devotion  in  some  gift 
that  is  for  the  good  of  all,  indicating  a  genuine  love  for  alma 
mater.  Instances  are  the  artistic  sundial,  presented  by  1899, 
the  gateAvay  pillars  on  Main  street  by  1903  and  on  Park 
avenue  by  1905,  the  portal  to  Montgomery  Field  by  1910  and 
1911,  the  fine  memorial  tablet  to  Timothy  Alden  by  1908  and 
the  centennial  one  to  the  Founders  by  1915.  Cochran  Hall 
breeds  a  singleness  of  feeling  by  its  intimate  association  of 
the  freshmen  as  its  guests  during  the  initial  year  of  their  stu- 
dent life. 

The  all-college  banquet  on  Feb.  22,  has  been  a  large  factor 
in  nurturing  college  enthusiasm  and  spirit.  Founders'  Day 
has  brought  instructive  messages  about  the  past  to  the  pres- 
ent generation.  Precedent  and  tradition  have  been  zealous- 
ly encouraged  by  the  senior  and  upper  class  organizations. 
Moving-up  Day  and  procession,  class  day  exercises  and  fare- 
wells are  fixed  customs.  College  singing  is  a  feature  of  value, 
but  the  distinctive  Allegheny  airs  are  few,  considering  the  cen- 
tury of  history  that  has  elapsed. 

When  there  is  such  a  basis  for  jubilation  as  the  abound- 
ing material  prosperity  of  Allegheny,  a  quickening  of  college 
zeal  is  a  natural  consequence.  The  enlarged  atliletic  ac- 
tivities have  meant  a  deeper  common  interest.  The  Allegheny 
spirit  is  in  process  of  evolution.  It  takes  a  new  pride  in  the 
past  of  the  college.  It  includes  an  intense  love  of  country, 
for  the  sons  of  Allegheny  have  demonstrated  their  patriotism. 
It  has  a  genuine  sympathy  with  democracy.  It  estimates  a 
man  by  his  individual  worth  rather  than  his  social  standing. 
It  recognizes  the  increasing  call  of  the  age  to  the  service  of 
one's  fellowmen. 

[  441  ] 


Sun  Dial  of  '99 


CHAPTER  XIV 

ALUMNI  AND  FORMER  STUDENTS 

HATK\'KI{  the  religious  aus- 
pices dominant  in  Allegheny, 
the  training  of  its  students 
through  the  century  was  not 
markedly  vocational,  that  is, 
looking  toward  the  pulpit  as  a 
career.  The  reiterated  idea  of 
the  function  of  the  college  was 
tlie  forming  of  intellectual 
character  titte<l  for  usefulness 
in  the  world. 

Allegheny  alumni  have 
gained  distinction  in  many 
tields  of  endeavor  and  in  widely* 
separated  areas.  From  1835  to 
1800  one-half  to  two-thirds  of  the  members  of  each  gradu- 
ating class  made  their  careers  outside  of  Pennsylvania.  In  the 
earliest  years  of  the  college  the  profession  of  law  was  the 
favorite  choice  of  the  alumni;  also  after  the  ^lethodist  pat- 
ronage began,  the  percentage  of  those  who  l)ecame  attorneys 
was  large.  With  this  training  it  was  natural  that  many  went 
into  ])ublic  life.  The  profession  of  education  attracted  also 
not  a  few  of  the  best  graduates,  who  have  come  to  posts  of  dis- 
tinction. In  latter  years  the  nund^er  is  increasing  of  the 
alumni  who  specialize  for  teaching  by  graduate  work  in  various 
universities.  Medicine,  business,  engineering  and  social  ser- 
vice have  many  worthy  representatives  from  Allegheny's 
ranks. 

ALUMNI  IN  THE  ST  ATP. 

In  the  Hall  of  Statuary  at  the  Capitol  in  Washington  for 
the  group  of  the  illustrious  of  the  nation.  West  Virginia  made 
as  its  choice  Francis  H.  Pierpont,  '30.  its  war  governor.    As  a 

[  443  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

citizen  of  the  section  of  the  Old  Dominion  that  was  free  from 
slavein'  in  1861,  Pierpont  had  taken  a  leading  part  in  resist- 
ance to  the  secession  of  Virginia,  voted  April  17  at  Richmond. 
A  union  convention  was  called  May  lltli  at  Wheeling,  and 
here  he  devised  tlie  plan  which  was  closely  followed  by  a  state 


Gov.  F.  H.  Pierpont 


coiivcntioii  that  met  .Inly  lli.  This  Ixxly  declared  llie  oltice 
of  governor  vacant  and  (k'creed  Ihal  the  state  be  ruled  by 
loyal  men. 

IMerpoiit  was  clioseii  governor  of  tlic  "restored  govern- 
ment of  the  State  of  \'irginia".  He  at  once  notitied  Presi- 
dent  Lincoln   of  the  I'cbcllion   within    its  borders,   asking  for 

[   444   ] 


HISTOKV  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

aid.  General  McClellan  was  sent  to  Western  Virginia  and  the 
new  executive  liad  Wheeling  for  his  capital  until  1863.  Then 
he  removed  to  Alexandria  until  the  close  of  the  war.  He  was 
re-elected  by  the  Union  people  for  a  term  of  four  years. 

It  was  a  trying  time  and  the  member  of  the  Class  of  1839 
acquitted  himself  with  high  honor.  He  stood  firmly  for  effi- 
cient administration  and  political  righteousness.  He  was 
later  a  member  of  the  state  legislature  and  took  Federal  office 
in  1881  as  internal  revenue  collector.  He  early  became  a 
communicant  of  the  Methodist  Protestant  Church  and  held 
many  positions  of  trust  in  it  as  a  layman. 

Hon.  James  A.  Gary,  LL.l).,  '.■)4,  was  Postmaster  General 
of  the  United  States  under  President  McKinley,  1896-98.  He 
had  long  been  a  prominent  figure  in  Maryland  and  was  the 

leader  of  the  Republican 
party  in  the  state.  Mr. 
Gary  prepared  himself  for 
a  business  career  and 
soon  became  extensively 
occupied  in  manufactur- 
ing and  in  banking.  He 
espoused  the  cause  of  Re- 
publicanism in  a  southern 
state,  an  act  of  much 
courage,  and  was  an  un- 
successful candidate  for 
the  Maryland  Senate  in 
1858. 

He  was  a  delegate  to 
the  Union  Convention  at 
Baltimore  in  1861,  and 
several  later  national  Re- 
publican Conventions.  He 
ran  for  congressman  and  for  governor  on  losing  tickets.  He 
was  the  president  for  sixteen  years  of  the  Board  of  the  Enoch 
Pratt  Library  of  Baltimore.  For  forty  years  he  has  been 
chairman  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Brown  Memorial 

[  445  ] 


Hon.  James  A.  Gary 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

Presbyterian  Cliurcli.  One  seeing  Mr.  Garj-  for  the  first  time 
is  deeply  impressed  with  the  strength  and  the  courtesy  of  the 
man.  He  has  been  characterized  at  his  home  city  as  ''a  big 
lion".  He  has  ever  lent  his  influence  and  ability  to  all  meas- 
ures that  he  felt  conserved  the  interests  of  good  government. 
He  is  universally  acclaimed  as  one  of  Maryland's  most  hon- 
ored and  useful  citizens. 

Hon.  Thomas  W.  Tipton,  '1:0,  was  born  in  Cadiz,  O..  in 
ISIT.  He  entered  Allegheny  in  the  preparatory  department 
and  continued  through  the  sophomore  year.  He  then  finished 
his  course  at  Madison  College,  having  removed  to  Uniontown. 
He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Ohio  and  served  in  its  legis- 
lature in  1845.  He  then  went  to  Nebraska  where  he  had  a 
leading  part  in  the  constitutional  convention.  He  studied 
theology  and  was  a  chaplain  in  the  L'nion  army.  He  was 
elected  V.  S.  ^^enator  from  Nebraska  in  1867  and  then  chosen 
for  a  second  term.     He  died  in  1899. 

Hon.  AVilliam  B.  Allison.  '.■)2.  came  to  Allegheny  from 
Perry.  O.,  in  184:8.  After  two  years  he  transferred  to  Western 
Reserve  College.  He  began  the  practice  of  law  in  Ohio,  but 
removed  to  Iowa.  .  He  was  an  influential  delegate  to  the  Re- 
publican convention  in  Chicago  which  nominated  Lincoln. 
He  was  elected  to  Congress  in  1863  and  served  four  terms.  In 
1873  he  becanu'  I'.  S.  ^^enator  from  Iowa  and  had  the  excep- 
tional distinction  of  five  re-elections  to  the  high  office,  death 
claiming  him  after  thirty-five  years'  service,  on  August  4, 
1908.  Senator  Allison  is  best  known  for  the  Bland-Allison  act 
of  the  silver  purchase  legislation.  He  was  a  foremost  au- 
thority on  financial  matters.  He  was  strongly  supi)orted  in 
18S8  and  1896  as  si  candidate  for  nomination  to  the  presidency 
by  the  Rej>ul»lican  national  conventions. 

WIIJJA.M    .MCKINI.KV    IN   AIXKcaiKNV. 

In  .Inly  of  18.~)9  three  youths  were  ]>assing  a  week  in  the 
liome  of  one  of  the  number.  William  McKinley,  of  Poland, 
Ohio.  The  guests  were  William  M.  Oslxuiie,  later  consul- 
general  at  London,  ami  Itobert  B.  ^furray,  of  Youngstown. 
Poland  ]»ossessed  a  seminary;  because  of  it  tlu'  McKinleys  had 

[  446  ] 


IIISTOKV   OF  Al.LECJllEXV   COLLEGE 

removed  from  ]S'iles  to  the  village  and  William,  the  bookish 
younger  hou,  had  made  the  most  of  its  advantages.  But  the 
mother  nurtured  a  hope  that  he  might  in  some  way  gain  a 
college  education  antecedent  to  the  study  of  law. 

Young  Murray  was  already  a  year-long  collegian  with 
enchanting  tales  of  a  worthy  fount  of  knowledge,  over  in 
Western  I'ennsylvania  on  the  historic  French  Creek  of 
colonial  days.  To  these  eager  outi>ourings  an  older  listener 
sometimes  lent  an  ear  and  now  and  then  a  shrewd  question  of 
practical  bearing  showed  the  trend  of  Nancy  McKinley's 
thoughts.  There  was  some  quiet  talk  of  family  finances  in 
the    twilight    of    those    summer   evenings    and    sister    Annie's 


Where  McKinley  Lived. 

offer  of  her  school-teaching  savings  made  possible  the  de- 
cision that  "William  McKinley  with  Osborne  should  enter 
Allegheny  that  fall. 

The  Septend)er  journey  to  Mea<lville  was  made  by  stage 
from  Youngstown  and  the  travelers  found  a  home  at  the  stu- 
«ient  boarding-house  kei)t  by  Dr.  (Joe,  now  remodeled  into  the 
Odd  Fellows'  Home.  Here  to  this  day  is  preserved  "Mc- 
Kinley's Ivoom",  with  api)roi)riate  legend  and  portraits.  In 
the  classroom  a  retentive  memory  and  easy  nmstei*}'  of  diflS- 
culties  won  the  Ohio  freshman  creditable  rank  without  a  sacri- 
t\ce  of  his  social  instincts.     Hence  we  hear  of  him  as  a  sought- 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

for  participant  in  the  frequent  bouts  of  ••town-ball",  the  one 
athletic  sjiort  of  the  period. 

That  judicial  bent  of  mind  which  became  a  striking  attri- 
bute during  his  public  career  showed  itself  in  these  days  by 
a  keen  estimate  of  his  fellows,  based  upon  an  acquaintance, 
surprisingly  minute  and  accurate,  with  their  history,  home 
environment,  and  individual  aims.  In  the  time  it  takes  the 
average  raw  collegian  to  become  adjusted  to  his  own  identity 
young  McKinley  had  learned  every  student  by  name  and  cata- 
logued him  for  future  reference. 

The  young  men  of  this  last  ante-bellum  year  had  decided 
convictions  on  many  matters  and  were  pleased  to  voice  them 
upon  occasion.  Especially  upon  political  themes  lads  under 
twenty  talked  well  and  William  McKinley,  of  strong  abolition 
forebears  and  naturally  gifted  in  debate,  was  often  the  center 
of  a  controversial  group.  Here  his  clear  sense  of  justice  and 
well-poised  temper  usually  availed  to  preserve  mutual  good- 
humor,  but  once  a  zealous  Virginia  youth  cheering  repeatedly 
for  Jefferson  Davis  as  the  next  president,  McKinley  turned 
sharply  upon  him  with  a  retort  that  before  that  came  to  pass 
Osborne  and  himself  would  fight  the  Southerner  on  his  native 
soil. 

The  shadow  of  war  did  fall  soon  upon  the  land,  but  before 
that,  even  the  next  term  found  the  two  Ohio  students  absent 
from  the  College  Hill.  Later,  a  soldier  yet  in  his  teens  went 
forth  from  the  McKinley  household.  Many  years  passed  and 
the  Governor  of  Ohio  came  to  Allegheny  to  deliver  the  com- 
mencement address  of  1895  and  receive  the  honorary  degree 
of  Doctor  of  Laws.  Only  one  of  those  w'hose  faces  had  been 
familiar  in  the  early  days  came  forward  to  greet  him;  it  was 
his  Latin  professor,  Dr.  Hamnett.  City  and  college  vied  in 
swelling  Ihe  ovation  to  the  distinguished  statesman  and  the 
prospective  presidential  candidate  of  a  great  party. 

Governor  McKinley  graciously  bore  witness  to  his  ''su- 
preme pride  and  satisfaction  in  the  past  of  Allegheny"  and 
declared  his  "hope  and  exultation  for  her  future".  Once 
again,  in  the  too  brief  afterwhile,  old  Allegheny  was  called 
sadly  to  do  liini  honor.     It  was  in  the  night,  after  a  day  of 

[  448  ] 


HISTOKV  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

much  foreboding,  there  rolled  over  the  sileut,  waiting  city 
the  solemn  tolling  of  a  bell,  and  they  who  heard  knew  it  for 
the  last  tribute  to  the  passing  spirit  of  William  McKinley, 
the  martyred  president,  paid  by  the  ancient  chapel  bell  which 
in  boyhood  had  summoned  his  soul  to  prayer. 

Doubtless  Allegheny's  president,  groping  his  heavy- 
hearted  way  to  the  belfi*^-  that  night,  felt  that  the  man  who 
lay  dead  had  long  since  richly  repaid  the  old  college  for  what- 
ever debt  her  transient  tutelage  had  imposed.  And  the  alumni 
today  with  reverence  and  pride  recall  the  fact  that  by  a  for- 
tuitous relationship  to  which  no  other  institution  can  lay 
claim,  Allegheny  is  and  will  remain  "the  college  of  McKinley". 

— Alice  Crittkndkn  Dkkby^  'Dl*. 

Hon.  Lloyd  Lowndes,  governor  of  Maryland  ISOo-S,  en- 
tei*ed  Allegheny  College  when  he  was  eightewi  years  of  age, 
having  spent  two  years  in  Washington  College.  After  his 
graduation  in  ISGo,  he  took  the  law  course  in  the  University 
of  I*enusyl\ania.  Soon  established  in  a  large  practice  at 
Cumberland,  Md.,  he  went  into  politics  and  was  elected  to 
Congress  in  1872  on  the  Kepublican  ticket  in  a  district 
strongly  Democratic.  He  was  the  youngest  member  of  the 
Forty-third  Congress  and  served  on  several  important  com- 
mittees. He  failed  to  be  re-elected,  but  continued  to  be  a  state 
leader  in  his  party.  He  had  extensive  banking  and  industrial 
interests  and  was  active  in  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church. 
Move  than  once  mentioned  as  the  Republican  candidate  for 
governor,  in  1895  he  headed  the  ticket  and  gained  the  support 
of  all  the  reform  elements,  overthrowing  the  (Jorman  Demo- 
cratic machine.  His  administration  brought  a  new  epoch  in 
Maryland.     Governor  Lowndes  died  in  IDOo. 

Hon.  John  W.  Farrelly,  '2(;,  was  the  son  of  I'atrick  Far- 
relly,  an  original  Trustee  of  the  college,  an<l  the  representative 
from  the  Meadville  district  in  the  Seventeenth.  Eighteenth 
and  Nineteenth  Congresses.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
Meadville  ar.d  elected  to  the  State  Senate  in  1828.  and  again 
in  1838  and  1841.  He  was  sent  by  the  Whigs  to  Congress  in 
1847.     He  was  ai)pointed  sixth  auditor  of  the  T'.  S.  Treasury 

[   440  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

by  President  Taylor,  serving  from  1849-53.  Mr.  Farrelly  was 
a  Trustee  of  Allegheny  from  1846  to  18G0.  He  was  one  of  the 
eminent  lawyers  of  the  state.    He  died  at  Meadville  in  1870. 

Hon.  Amos  Myers,  '43,  was  admitted  to  practice  law  at 
Clarion.  He  was  elected  to  Congress  in  1863  as  a  Republican 
from  the  Clarion  District  of  I'ennsylvania. 

Hon.  Darwin  A.  Finney,  '40,  came  to  Meadville  from 
Vermont  as  a  lad.  After  graduation  from  college  he  studied 
law  and  practiced  in  his  adopted  city.  He  served  two  terms 
in  the  Pennsylvania  House  of  Representatives  and  in  its 
Senate  1850-61.  He  was  sent  by  the  Republicans  from  the 
Meadville  District  to  the  Fortieth  Congress,  serving  from 
March  4,  1867,  until  his  death  while  traveling  in  Europe,  Aug. 
25,  1868.    He  was  a  Trustee  of  Allegheny  from  1846  to  1868. 

Hon.  Hiram  L.  Richmond,  '39,  was  born  in  Chautauqua 
County,  !X.  Y.,  and  came  to  Meadville  in  1835,  where  he 
studied  two  years  in  Allegheny.  He  read  law  with  David  Der- 
ickson,  '21,  and  began  its  practice  in  1838.  He  was  originally 
a  Whig  and  active  on  the  stump  and  platform.  He  joined  the 
Republican  party  at  its  formation  and  was  elected  to  the 
Forty-third  Congress  in  1872.  He  declined  a  renomination. 
He  purchased  in  1848  the  well-known  property  on  the  Dia- 
mond, yet  kept  in  the  family.  Mr.  Richmond  was  a  member 
of  the  Methodist  Church  in  Meadville  for  forty-five  years.  He 
became  a  Trustee  of  the  college  in  1838  and  served  until  1885. 
He  was  secretary  of  the  Board  from  1840  to  1859. 

Hon.  Aylett  R.  (.'otton,  '48,  was  born  in  Austintown,  O., 
in  1826  and  move<l  to  Iowa  in  1844.  He  came  thence  for  two 
years  in  Allegheny  College.  He  taught  school  in  Fayette 
County.  Tenn..  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  there.  He  was 
in  California  in  1849-51.  Ret\irning  to  Iowa  he  was  judge  of 
Clinton  County  for  two  terms.  Cotton  was  an  active  member 
of  the  Iowa  constitutional  convention  of  1857.  and  a  member 
of  the  State  legislature  in  1868,  being  speaker  of  the  House 
in  1870.  He  was  sent  as  a  Republican  to  the  Forty-second  and 
Forty-third  Congresses. 

Hon.  .Tasper  D.  Ward,  '54,  was  elected  to  the  Forty-third 

[  450  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY   COLLEGE 

Congress  from  Chicago  on  the  Republican  ticket,  but  was 
defeated  for  re-election  in  1874. 

Hon.  James  S.  Biery,  '50,  was  a  member  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania House  of  Representatives  in  1800.  He  was  sent  to  the 
Forty-third  Congress  by  the  Republicans  of  the  Allentown 
District. 

Hon.  Lloyd  Lowndes,  '05,  was  a  member  of  the  Forty-third 
Congress  from  the  Cumberland  District,  Maryland. 

Hon.  William  McClelland,  '08,  entered  Allegheny  in  1805 
after  a  brave  record  as  a  soldier.  He  studied  law  and  began 
practice  in  1870.  He  was  elected  to  Congress  the  same  year 
from  the  New  Castle  District  of  Pennsylvania  on  the  Demo- 
cratic ticket.     He  was  defeated  for  the  Forty-third  Congress. 

Hon.  B.  F.  Martin,  '54,  was  born  in  Marion  County,  Va., 
in  1828.  After  graduation  from  college  he  taught  school  at 
Fairmount  and  then  became  a  lawyer.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  constitutional  convention  of  West  "S'irginia  in  1872,  being 
a  leader  in  the  Democratic  party.  He  sat  in  the  Forty-fifth 
and  Forty-sixth  Congresses  as  the  representative  from  the 
Third  District.  He  was  a  Trustee  of  Allegheny  from  1887  to 
1895,  the  time  of  his  death. 

Hon.  Samuel  B.  Dick,  '58,  was  born  in  Meadville,  Oct.  20, 
1830.  He  left  college  to  engage  in  business.  He  served  with 
distinction  in  the  Civil  War.  He  became  mayor  of  Meadville 
in  1870.  He  was  elected  in  1878  to  Congress  as  a  Republican 
from  the  Meadville  District.  He  was  president  of  the  Pitts- 
burgh and  Lake  Erie  Railroad  until  1000.  He  was  thirty 
years  a  Trustee  of  the  college  until  his  death  in  1908. 

Hon.  N.  E.  Worthington,  '54,  came  from  Brooke  County, 
Virginia,  to  college.  After  graduation  he  lived  in  Illinois. 
He  was  superintendent  of  county  schools  in  Peoria.  He  was 
sent  as  a  Democrat  to  the  Forty-eighth  and  Forty-ninth  Con- 
gresses. 

Hon.  Thomas  Wilson,  '52,  was  a  native  of  Ireland.  After 
graduation  from  Allegheny  he  went  to  Minnesota.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  State  House  of  Representatives  in  1880,  and 
of  the  Senate  in  1882-5.     He  was  the  Democratic  nominee  for 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

U.  S.  Senator  from  Minnesota  in  1886.  He  was  elected  to 
Congress  in  LS86  from  the  Winona  District. 

Hon.  Daniel  B.  Heiner,  '79,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
Armstrong  County,  Pa.  He  was  elected  as  a  Republican  in 
1893  to  the  Fifty-fourth  Congress  and  re-elected  to  the  Fifty- 
fifth. 

Hon.  Arthur  L.  Bates,  '80,  was  born  in  Meadville,  June  6, 
1859,  the  son  of  Professor  Samuel  P.  Bates,  LL.D.,  a  noted 
educator  and  author.  Mr,  Bates  was  admitted  to  the  Craw- 
ford County  bar  in  1882.  He  has  been  an  ardent  Republican 
and  was  elected  from  the  Twenty-fifth  District  to  Congress  in 
1900.  He  has  had  the  unusual  record  of  being  chosen  five 
times  to  succeed  himself  at  Washington,  serving  from  the 
Fifty-seventh  through  the  Sixty-second  Congress.  He  became 
a  ranking  member  of  the  Committee  on  Naval  Affairs.  After 
an  official  visit  to  the  Hawaiian  Islands  in  1907,  he  introduced 
the  bill  in  Congress  which  made  Pearl  Harbor  the  naval  base 
of  the  Pacific.  He  was  especially  interested  in  the  extension 
of  the  postal  service.  He  was  sent  by  the  United  States  as  a 
delegate  to  the  International  Peace  Conference  at  Brussels. 
Mr.  Bates  has  been  a  loyal  alumnus  of  the  college  serving  as 
president  of  the  alumni  organization  in  the  Nineties.  He  be- 
came a  Trustee  of  Allegheny  in  1907,  and  is  a  member  of  the 
executive  committee. 

Hon.  Milton  W.  Shreve,  '84,  was  born  in  Venango  County 
and  after  preparing  for  college  at  Edinboro  Normal  School 
entered  Allegheny.  After  two  years  he  completed  his  work  at 
Bucknell  University.  Entering  the  practice  of  law  in  Erie, 
he  represented  his  county  three  terms  in  the  Pennsylvania 
Hou.se  of  Representatives,  1906-1912,  finally  being  advanced  to 
the  speakership.  He  was  elected  to  the  Sixty-third  Congress 
as  a  Republican  from  the  Twenty-fifth  District. 

Hon.  J.  C.  (f.  Kennedy  was  born  in  Meadville  April  1,  1813, 
and  educated  in  Allegheny  College,  which  conferred  on  him 
llie  degrees  of  A.  M.  and  LL.  D.  He  became  the  editor  of  the 
CjtAWKouD  ]\Iksskx(;kr  in  1833.  He  studied  law.  In  1849  he 
was  named  by  1  •resident  Taylor  as  secretary  of  the  board  to 
])repare  a   plan    for   taking  tlie  national   census  of  1850.     In 


Hon.  Arthur  L.  Bates,  '80 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

1851  he  visited  Europe  as  U.  S,  commissioner  on  tlie  census 
and  postal  matters.  He  helped  organize  the  first  statistical 
congress,  which  met  in  Brussels  in  1853.  He  was  superin- 
tendent of  the  Eighth  U.  S.  census.  He  served  as  correspond- 
ing secretary  of  the  National  Institute  at  Washington,  dying 
there  in  1887.  Mr.  Kennedy  was  a  member  of  many  American 
and  foreign  scientific  and  historical  associations.  He  had 
international  recognition  as  a  statistician. 

Among  the  alumni  who  attained  political  distinction 
within  various  state  borders,  a  few  are  Hon.  H.  1).  Cooke,  '14, 
governor  of  Washington,  D.  C. ;  Hon.  J.  F.  Duncombe, 
'52.  State  Senator  in  Iowa ;  Col.  C.  W.  Holiday,  '52, 
Kansas  Convention,;  Hon.  A.  M.  Ifandolph,  '53,  mem- 
ber of  Kansas  legislature;  Hon.  S.  G.  Nye,  '58,  State 
Senator  in  California :  Hon.  J.  W.  Lee,  '68,  State  Senator  in 
Pennsylvania;  Hon.  H.  J.  Hume,  '69,  State  Senator  in  Penn- 
sylvania; Hon.  George  W.  Delamater,  '69,  State  Senator  in 
Pennsylvania  and  Republican  nominee  for  governor  in  1890; 
Col.  J.  M.  Williams,  '73,  president  of  the  Ohio  Senate;  Hon. 
F.  M.  Currie,  '81,  member  of  Nebraska  legislature;  Hon.  W.  P. 
McElwain,  '85,  member  of  Washington  State  legislature; 
F.  C.  Howe,  Oliio  Senator;  Hon.  W.  C.  Deming,  '90,  member  of 
tlie  Wyoming  legislature;  Hon.  W.  H.  Gibson,  '93,  Secretary  of 
State  of  Llaho;  Hon.  B.  F.  Beals,  '95,  mend)er  of  tlie  Oregon 
Asseml)ly.  and  Hon.  Lowry  Humes,  '99,  member  of  the  I'enn- 
sylvania  House  of  Repres(Mitatives  and  V.  S.  District  Attorney. 

ALUMNI  ON  THi:  HKNCII 

Of  the  earliest  graduates  of  Allegheny,  David  Derickson, 
'21;  James  ^I.  Ellis,  '31;  Thomas  Van  Home,  '31,  and  O.  W 
Bennett,  '.'59,  jtassed  fi*om  Ihe  ])i*ac1ice  of  biw  to  the  ])()sition 
of  judge.  Samuel  AVoods,  '12,  was  born  in  Beaver  County  in 
1822.  After  his  graduation  from  college  he  studi<'d  law  in 
Pittshurgli  nnder  T.  .1.  F.  Alden,  '21.  He  j-emoved  to  West  \'ir- 
ginia  and  was  a])]>oiiited  in  188:>  jndge  of  the  Sui)reme  Court  of 
Aj)j)eals.  He  was  ;ifler\vards  (dected  foi-  ;i  lenn  of  five  years, 
serving  with  high  honor.     He  died  Feb.   17,  18!>7. 

.Judge    William    A.    Galbrailh,   '11,    did    not    complete   the 

[   451    I 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

course  in  Allegheny,  but  j^ftuluated  from  the  Dame  Law  School 
of  Harvard  University.  He  was  elected  Judge  of  Erie  County, 
Pennsylvania,  in  18TG.  He  was  prominent  in  the  business  and 
public  enteri)rises  of  the  City  of  Erie.     He  died  in  1897. 

Judge  J.  W.  F.  White,  '42,  came  from  Washington  County 
to  Meadville  and  worked  his  way  through  college.  He  re- 
moved to  Pittsburgh  in  1851  and  came  to  prominence  quickly, 
being  city  solicitor  in  18G1.  He  was  elected  in  1873  judge  of 
the  District  Court  of  Allegheny,  later,  Court  of  Common 
Pleas  No.  1.  Here  he  remained  on  the  bench  until  his  death 
in  1900.  Honest,  fearless,  impartial,  yet  benevolent,  Judge 
White  was  a  man  to  be  feared  and  to  be  loved.  He  was  a 
leader  in  the  Methodist  Church.  He  became  a  Trustee  of 
Allegheny  College  in  1872. 

Judge  Cliristoi)her  Heydrick,  '52.  made  a  reputation  in 
college  as  a  scholar.  In  the  practice  of  law  in  Venango 
County  and  AVestern  ]*ennsylvania  he  was  systematic  and 
accurate.  He  was  appointed  by  the  Governor  in  1891  to  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  State  to  complete  an  unexpired  term. 
He  was  engaged  in  various  enterprises  and  was  president  of 
the  Exchange  Bank  of  Franklin  many  years.  Judge  Heydrick 
was  a  generous  supportei*  of  educational  interests.  Being  a 
descendant  of  the  early  Reformation  sect  of  Silesia,  the 
Schwenkfelders,  he  had  a  lively  concern  and  a  vital  ])art  in 
the  extensive  researches  into  their  records.  He  was  the 
author  of  the  historical  sketch  of  the  Genealogical  Kecord  of 
the  church  and  a  leading  patron  of  the  publication  of  the 
Corpus  Schwenckfeldianorum. 

Judge  Thomas  Wilson,  '52,  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1827. 
After  graduation,  he  studied  law  in  Meadville.  He  went  to 
the  territory  of  Minnesota  in  1855  and  became  a  man  of  wide 
influence  in  the  Northwest.  He  served  as  district  judge  from 
1857  to  1864,  when  he  became  chief  justice  of  Minnesota,  an 
office  he  held  until  1809.  Judge  Wilson  lived  in  St.  Paul 
and  was  general  counsel  of  a  large  railroad.  He  kept  u])  an 
active  interest  in  Allegheny  and  was  present  at  the  fiftieth 
anniversary  of  his  graduation.  He  was  much  esteemed  for  his 
philanthropies.    He  died  April  3,  1910. 

[  455  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

James;  M.  MoKelvey,  "54,  was  judge  of  the  District  Court  of 
St.  Cloud.  Minn.,  from  1872  to  1SS2.  Henry  T.  Patten,  '57, 
was  judge  of  Probate  Court  in  Benton  County,  Mo.,  in  1880. 
Col.  J.  W.  IMiillips.  '00.  a  Tennessee  judge,  later  lived  in  St. 
Louis.  Hon.  T.  A.  Osburn,  'GO,  was  governor  of  Kansas. 
Judge  Albert  A.  Brooks,  '71.  has  presided  over  the  City  Court 
of  Kansas  City.  S.  S.  Ford,  '81,  is  judge  of  the  Common 
Pleas  Court  of  Cleveland,  and  F.  L.  Hay,  '82,  judge  of  Detianoe 
County,  Ohio. 

Judge  >*'icholas  E.  AVorthington,  '54,  came  from  Clarksburg 
Academy,  A'irginia,  to  college.  He  was  the  valedictorian  of 
the  class  and  studied  law  with  Senator  W.  T.  Willey  of  West 
Virginia.  He  removed  to  Peoria,  111.  In  1891  he  was  elected 
judge  of  the  circuit  court  and  was  kept  by  popular  choice  on 
the  bench  for  four  terms,  completing  twenty-four  years  of  ser- 
vice upon  his  i-etirement,  July  1,  1915,  at  the  age  of  eighty. 

Judge  Worthington  was  named  by  President  Cleveland  a 
niend>er  of  the  Chicago  Strike  Commission  of  1894,  whose  re- 
port was  of  much  economic  significance  to  the  nation.  He  has 
been  ranked  by  his  contemporaries  as  a  jurist  without  a  super- 
ior in  Illinois.  He  is  i)raised  by  all  for  his  absolute  impar- 
tiality. As  a  ]>ublic  S])eaker  he  was  placed  by  his  townsmen 
second  only  to  Kobert  Ingersoll.  It  was  said  of  him,  had  he 
been  less  modest  he  Avould  have  been  one  of  the  greatest  public 
men  of  the  state.  The  Judge  was  the  alumni  orator  at  the 
eightieth  anniversary  of  the  founding  of  Allegheny. 

Jndge  I'earson  Church,  '50,  was  graduated  from  Ailegheny 
at  the  age  of  eighteen  and  entered  the  law  office  of  his  father, 
Judge  Gaylord  Clinich.  in  Meadville,  to  pre])are  for  the  admis- 
sion to  the  bar  which  followed  in  1858.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  State  Constitntional  Convention  of  187:>.  He  became  the 
president  jndge  of  Crawford  County  in  1878  for  a  term  of  ten 
years,  having  a  nolabh'  reconl  as  a  jurist.     He  died  in  1898. 

Judge  Stephen  G.  Nye,  '58,  after  graduation  studied  law  in 
Dunkirk,  N.  ^^,  and  tlien  removed  in  LSGl  to  California,  where 
he  was  a  h'ader  in  its  i)ublic  and  political  life  until  his  deatli 
in  190(;.      For  eleven  yeai-s  of  this  time  he  was  judge  of  Ala 
me(hi  County.      His  cai-eer  is  ap]>ropriately  set  forth  in  a  vol 

[   450  ] 


Judge  John  J.  Henderson,  '62 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

ume  entitled,  ''The  Addresses  and  Letters  of  Travel  of  Stephen 
G.  Nye." 

Judge  John  J.  Henderson,  '62,  was  born  in  Allegheny  county, 
and  entered  college  at  the  age  of  fifteen.  He  was  an  excellent 
student,  distinguishing  himself  for  his  literary  ability.  He 
also  acted  for  a  time  as  instructor  in  Greek.  He  enlisted  as 
a  Pennsylvania  volunteer  and  had  three  years'  service  in  the 
Civil  War.  He  studied  law  in  the  office  of  his  brother,  Hon. 
Harvey  Henderson.  He  became  district  attorney  of  Crawford 
County  in  1872,  and  was  elected  Judge  of  the  Thirtieth  Dis- 
trict of  Pennsylvania  in  1887,  presiding  for  ten  years  with 
marked  distinction. 

Judge  Henderson  was  appointed  by  the  governor  of  the 
State,  March  9,  1903,  to  complete  an  unexpired  term  upon  the 
Superior  Court  Bench.  He  was  nominated  by  the  Republicans 
and  elected  to  a  term  of  ten  years  in  November,  1903,  to  suc- 
ceed himself  and  again  in  1913,  having  received  the  nomination 
in  the  State  primaries,  he  was  chosen  to  serve  a  second  decade 
upon  the  Superior  Bench. 

The  Judge  is  universally  admitted  to  be  a  jurist  of  great 
strength.  He  is  a  close  student  and  has  a  mind  of  logical 
acumen  and  penetration.  He  has  long  taken  high  rank  as  an 
eloquent  and  forceful  public  speaker.  He  possesses  broad 
scholarly  attainments.  He  is  a  conservative  in  principle.  He 
is  noted  for  liis  genial  temperament.  Judge  Henderson  be- 
came vice-president  of  Board  of  Trustees  of  Allegheny  College 
in  1890,  and  has  given  much  of  his  time  and  talent  to  the  ser- 
vice of  his  alma  mater.  He  is  among  the  worthiest  of  the 
alumni  of  Allegheny. 

Judge  George  S.  Ferris,  '69,  began  the  practice  of  law  in 
Pittsburgh,  where  he  gained  distinction  as  a  corporation  at- 
torney. He  later  removed  to  Luzerne  County,  wliere  lie  was 
elected  judge  in  1900,  becoming  president  judge  and  serving 
until  1912.     He  died  in  April,  1913. 

Judge  S.  B.  Craig,  '71,  ]>repared  for  coHege  at  Western  Re- 
serve Seminary.  He  was  admitted  to  tlie  bar  in  1873,  at  War- 
ren, Ohio,  wliere  he  continued  the  practice  of  his  profession. 
For  six  years  he  lield  tlie  office  of  probate  judge  and  he  was 

[   +'>.^  1 


IIISTOIIV  OF  ALLK(M1KNY  COLLEGE 

]()ii<^  a  leader  in  Truiiibiill  ('ouiity  allairs.  He  was  an  active 
inenibor  of  the  ^tethodist  Clnirch  until  his  death  in  1915. 
Three  of  his  cliihlren  are  graduates  of  Allegheny. 

Judge  ]j.  L.  Davis,  '78,  was  admitted  to  the  practice  of  law 
at  Pittsburgh  in  ISSO.  He  was  appointed  in  1908  to  be  judge 
of  the  Common  I'leas  Court,  No.  .'>,  Allegheny  County,  to  fill 
an  unexpired  term,  and  was  subseipiently  elected  to  succeed 
himself.  His  ability  and  fairness  on  the  bench  have  won  high 
praise. 

Judge  Frank   S.   Chryst,  80,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at 

Warren,  Ohio,  and  served  his  county  one  term  as  probate  judge. 

He  is  engaged  uow  in  the  successful  ])ractice  of  his  profession. 

Judge  Frank  .1.  Thomas,  '85,  before  entering  college  taught 

school   three  years.       He  studied    law  under  Ju<lge  John  J. 

Henderson  and  Hon. 
H.  J.  Humes,  being  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  iu 
Meadville  in  1889.  He 
took  an  active  part  in 
])olitical  life,  becoming 
a  leader  of  the  Demo- 
cratic party  in  Craw- 
ford County.  He  Avas 
elected  iu  1897  to  be 
president  judge  a  n  d 
served  ten  years  with 
general  satisfaction. 
He  declined  to  be  a  can- 
didate for  re-election. 
.Judge  Thomas  is  an  en- 
ergetic, conscientious 
lawyer  and  deeply  in- 
terested in  all  causes 
that  promote  the  pub- 
lic welfare. 

Judge  I'aul  A.  Benson,  '91,  prei)ared  at  Waterford  Acad- 
emy for  entrance  to  Allegheny.     He  was  admitted  to  the  prac- 

[   4.-,!l   ] 


F.  J.  Thomas.  '85 


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JudKP  .John  W.  Ke|)liart 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 


tice  of  law  at  Erie  in  1893.  He  served  as  district  attorney, 
1897-1900.  He  was  appointed  as  additional  law  judge  of  the 
Sixth  Judicial  District  of  I'ennsylvania  in  1911.  He  was  later 
elected  for  a  term  of  ten  years,  which  was  cut  short  August, 
1915,  by  his  death  after  a  brief  illness.  His  record  on  the 
bench  was  praised  by  all  the  legal  profession. 

Judge  John  W.  Kephart  was  born  in  Cambria  County  in 
1872.  He  was  graduated  from  McAllisterville  Academy  and 
shortly  afterwards  entered  Allegheny  College.  He  left  before 
his  Sophomore  year  to  become  a  law  student  in  Dickinson  Col- 
Ige,  completing  the  course  with  distinction.  He  began  the 
practice  of  law  in  1895.  He  was  for  several  years  solicitor  of 
Cambria  County.  Under  the  new  primary  law  of  Pennsyl- 
vania in  1913,  his  candidacy  for  the  Superior  Court  Bench  had 
very  popular  support  and  he  was  triumphantly  elected  to  the 
high  office  in  November,  along  with  Judge  John  J,  Hen- 
derson, 'G2. 

Judge  Thomas  J.  Prather,  '9G,  was  born  in  Troy  Township, 
Crawford  County,  and  after  preparing  for  college  at  Edinboro 

Normal,  with  several  terms 
experience  in  teaching 
school,  he  enteied  Alle- 
gheny. He  did  not  complete 
the  course  but  began  the 
study  of  law,  being  admit- 
ted to  practice  June  2,  1896. 
He  was  elected  president 
judge  in  Crawford  County 
in  1907,  for  a  term  of  ten 
years,  being  the  fifth  alum- 
nus of  Allegheny  to  occupy 
this  position  of  bono  r. 
Judge  Prather  has  presided 
on  the  bench  with  much  dig- 
nity and  eminent  fairness. 
He  has  won  esteem  far  be- 
yond the  borders  of  his  own 
district,  being  invited  to  sit 


Judge  T.  J.  Prather,  '96 


[  401  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

in  a  large  proportion  of  the  courts  of  Western  Pennsylvania. 

The  alumni  of  Allegheny  who  are  attornej'S-at-law  are  the 
following: 

M.  S.  Bonnifield,  '5  5,  Carson  City,  Nev. 
L.  B.  Duff,  '57,  1422  E.  Michigan  Ave.,  Lansing,  Mich. 
Harvey  Henderson,  '5  7,  Berger  Bldg.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
John  Glover,  '58,  1505  R.  St.,  N.  W.,  Washington,  D.  C. 
S.  G.  Brock,  '59,  Macon,  Mo. 

F.  W.  Hays,  '61,  Oil  City. 

George  Norris,  '61,  43  Union  St.,  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 
T.  J.  McKean,  '62,  Franklin,  Pa. 
T.  J.  Wells,  '62,  Washington,  D.  C. 

G.  A.  Chase,  '65,  Titusville,  Pa. 
Newton  Chalker,  '66,  Akron,  O. 

W.  S.  Bonnifield,  '66,  Winnemucca,  Nev. 

J.  W.  Taylor,  '66,    1016  Hippodrome  Bldg.,  Cleveland,   O. 

J.  Calvin  Sturgeon,  '66,  Erie,  Pa. 

S.  J.  Bonnifield,  '67,  Winnemucca,  Nev. 

M.  R.  Freshwater,  '67,  South  Haven,  Mich. 

Alfred  S.  Moore,  '67,  Saluda,  N.  C. 

James  P.  Colter,  '68,  Meadville,  Pa. 

George  F.  Davenport,  '68,  Meadville,  Pa. 

W.  M.  Dight,  '69,  Grove  City. 

T.  A.  Lamb,  '69,  Erie,  Pa. 

G.  W.  Plummer,  '69,  Tribune  Bldg.,  Chicago,  111. 

A.  G.  Richmond,  '70,  Meadville,  Pa. 

H.  A.  Barclay,  '70,  Los  Angeles,  Calif. 

C.  D.  Davie,  '71,  Salamanca,  N.  Y. 

L.  S.  Fawcett,  '7l,  Holdenville,  Okla. 

E.  B.  Flower,  '71,  Meadville,  Pa. 

J.  O.  McCIintock,  '72,  Meadville,  Pa. 

J.  B.  Brawley,  '72,  Meadville,  Pa. 

A.  H.  McEIrath,  '72,  Mercer,  Pa. 

G.  J.  Wolf,  '73,  Trees  Bldg.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

W.  W.  Henderson,  '73,  Meadville,  Pa. 

James  George,  '7  5,  Bradford,  Pa. 

L.  H.  Lauderbaugh,  '76,  Meadville,  Pa. 

J.  N.  Apple,  '76,  Smethport,  Pa. 

Lewis  Walker,  '77,  Meadville,  Pa. 

James  Doughty,  '78.  Los  Angeles,  Calif. 

F.  C.  Pifer,  '78,  Charleston,  W.  Va. 
Clarence  S.  Darrow,  '78,  Chicago,  111. 
W.  M.  Beyer,  '79,  Altoona,  Pa. 
James  F.  Cree,  '79,  Wellsburg,  W.  Va. 
Austin  Wilson,  '79,  Fairmount.  W.  Va. 

|-   402  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

Arthur  L.  Bates,  '80,  Meadville,  Pa. 

F.  S.  Chryst,  '80,  Warren,  O. 

G.  A.  Nodine,  '80,  Ambridge,  Pa. 

W.  H.  White,  '80,  S09  Bailey  Bldg.,  Seattle,  Wash. 

W.  C.  Wilson,  '80,  90  West  St.,  New  York  City. 

J.  S.  Beacom,  '81,  Greensburg,  Pa. 

C.  E.  Everett,  '81,  Alta  Bank  Bldg.,  Cincinnati,  O. 

L.  D.  Tyler,  '81,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

M.  J.  Hovis,  '82,  Clintonville,  Pa. 

J.  K.  Cubbison,  '82,  Portsmouth  Bldg.,  Kansas  City,  Kan. 

George  M.  Anderson,  '82,  Akron,  O. 

J.  W.  Kinnear,  '82,  Oliver  Bldg.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

S.  E.  Foster,  '82,  Jacksonville,  Fla. 

Irving  H.   Blythe,  '82,   Carrollton,  O. 

W.  P.  Warne,  '82,  4166  Beau  St.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Wesley  B.  Best,  '83,  Meadville,  Pa. 

G.  O.  Calder,  '83,  Oliver  Bldg.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

S.  F.  Ferree,  '83,  Artesia,  N.  Mex. 

E.  L.  Frisbee,  '83,  Prudential  Bldg.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

J.  A.  Guinyon,  '83,  Berger  Bldg.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

C.  W.  Hollister,  '83,  American  Bank  Bldg.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

M.  F.  Laughlin,  '83,  Dakota  City,  Neb. 

C.  P.  Robinson,  '83,  Bakewell  Bldg.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

A.  T.  Cooper,  '83,  Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa. 

E.  E.  Baldwin,  '84,   71   Broadway,  New  York  City. 

W.  J.  Guthrie,  '84,   1862  Frick  Annex,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

H.  W.  Plummer,  '84,   108  S.  LaSalle,  St.,    Chicago,  111. 

E.  C.  Alvord,  '84,  Washburn,  Wis. 

W.  W.  Moore,  '84,  Mercer,  Pa. 

Otto  Stolz,  '84,  Meadville,  Pa. 

E.  C.  Randall,  '84,  620  W.  Ferry,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 
J.  G.  Reeder,  '84,  Columbus,  Neb. 

W.  M.  Everett,  '85,  Empire  Bldg.,  Atlanta,  Ga. 

R.  T.  Herrick,  '85,  5424  Main  St.,  Kansas  City,  Nev. 

W.  P.  McEIwain,  '8  5,  Hinckley  Bldg.,  Seattle,  Wash. 

F.  J.  Thomas,  '85,   Meadville,   Pa. 
Isaac  Mondereau,  '85,  Meadville,  Pa. 
R.  C.  Bole,  '86,  Jackson,  Col. 

C.  W.  Fuller,  '86,  Society  for  Savings  Bldg.,  Cleveland,  O. 

W.  C.  Lindsey,  '86,  Morgan  Bldg.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Lafayette  Perkins,  '86,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

S.  B.  Smith,  '86,  St.  Nicholas  Bldg.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

F.  L.  Wells,  '86,  Wellsville,  O. 

W.  E.  Rice,  '86,  Warren,  Pa. 

P.  M.  Speer,  '86,  Oil  City,  Pa. 

[  4G3  ] 


HISTORY  OP^  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

E.  B.  Bodley,  'S7,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 

B.  B.  Pickett,  '8  7,  Meadville,  Pa. 
W.  J.  Whieldon,  '87,  Mercer,  Pa. 

^\.  R.  Stevenson,  '87,  Jamestown,  N.  Y. 

Willis  Jordan,  '87,  Lisbon,  O. 

W.  W.   Ellsworth,  '88,   Binghamton,   N.   Y. 

J.  T.  Petty,  '88,  New  York  City. 

John  H.   Henderson,  '88,   Berger  Bldg.,   Pittsburgh,   Pa. 

F.  A.  Cattern,  '89,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
J.  J.  Rudkin,  '89,  Kennewick,  Wash. 

C.  D.  Higby,  '89,  Erie,  Pa. 

H.  G.  Rowland,  '89,  Tacoma,  Wash. 

D.  S.  Horn,  '89,  Ingram,  Pa. 

J.   Robert  Anderson,  '90,   Parkersburg,  W.   Va. 

E.  L.  Mattern,  '90,  230  Frick  Bldg.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
Ned  Arden  Flood,  '90,  44  W.  44th  St.,  New  York  City. 
James  A.  Wakefield,  '90,   Berger  Bldg.,   Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
Curtis  L.  Webb,  '90,  Meadville,  Pa. 

Manley  O.   Brown,  '91,   Meadville,   Pa. 

Howard  A.  Couse,  '9 1,  Leader-News  Bldg.,  Cleveland,  O. 

William  B.  Griffin,  '91,  Franklin,  Pa. 

E.  E.  Miller,  '91,  Youngstown,  O. 

H.  C.  Dorworth,  '92,  Oil  City,  Pa. 

V.  L.  Johnson.  '92,  Mercer,  Pa. 

J.  L.  McBride,  '92,  Franklin,  Pa. 

W.  C.  Leffingwell,  '92,  Sharon,  Pa. 

E.  S.  Nickerson,  '92,  Papillion,  Neb. 
J.  C.  Spencer,  '92,  Meadville,  Pa. 

S.  J.  Christley,  '92,  Butler,   Pa. 

J.  A.  Wallace,  '92,  Bakewell  Bldg.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

R.  W.  Darragh,  '93,  Beaver,  Pa. 

A.  J.  Eckles,  '93,  Bakewell  Bldg.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

M.  J.  Echols,  '93,  Erie,  Pa. 

F.  H.  Murphy,  '93.  Butler,  Pa. 
R.  H.  Patchin,  '93,  Chardon.  O. 

W.  R.  Murphy,  '94,  Berger  Bldg..  Pittsburgh.  Pa. 

R.  F.  Pickard,  '94,  Jamestown,  N.  Y. 

D.  L.  Starr,  '94,  First  National  Bank  Bldg.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

J.  H.  Tuttle,  '94,  7  Wall  St.,  New  York  City. 

J.  Merrill  Wright.  '95,  St.  Nicholas  Bldg..  Pittsburgh.  Pa. 

J.  L.  Nesbit,  '95,  Franklin,  Pa. 

O.  Clare  Kent,  '96,  Meadville,  Pa. 

N.  B.  Madden,  '96,  228  Frick  Bldg..  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

W.  H.  Pratt.  '1)6.  Berger  Bldg..  Pittsburgh.  Pa. 

C.  E.  Bordwell.  '97.  Warren.  Pa. 

Gerry  T.   Kincaid.  '97.  Corry,  Pa. 

[   404   ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

C.  V.  Johnson,  '97,  Meadville,  Pa. 
Charles  H.  Miller,  '98,  Butler,  Pa. 
J.  O.  Wait,  '98,  District  Attorney,   Erie,   Pa. 

A.  O.  Chapin,  '99,  Erie,  Pa. 

C.  R.  Davis,  '99,  New  Castle,  Pa. 
M.  A.  Copeland,  '99,  Williamson  Bldg.,  Cleveland,  O. 
Oliver  K.   Eaton,  '00,    1059   Frick  Annex,   Pittsburgh,   Pa. 
W.   B.   Secrist,  '00,    1067   Frick  Annex,   Pittsburgh,   Pa. 

B.  R.  Williams,  '00,  Butler,  Pa. 

F.  W.  McFarlin,  '00,  Ridgway,  Pa. 

F.  G.  Moorhead,  '00,  Beaver,  Pa. 

H.  A.  Porter,  '00,  Crafton,  Pa. 

S.  J.  Morrow,  '01,  District  Attorney,  Uniontown,  Pa. 

A.  C.  Waid,  '01,  Williamson  Bldg.,  Cleveland,  O. 

J.  G.  Allee,  'Ol,  Miles  City,  Mont. 

Don.  M.  Larrabee,  '01,  Williamsport,  Pa. 

E.  D.  Leach,  '01,  Engineer's  Bldg.,  Cleveland,  O. 

J.  H.  McCloskey,  '01,  Berger  Bldg.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Albert  L.  Thomas,  '01,  District  Attorney,  Meadville,  Pa. 

John  Clayton  Barkley,  '02,  1015  Garfield  Bldg.,  Cleveland,  O. 

Clyde  H.  Slease,  '02,  100  Broadway,  New  York  City. 

E.  Lowry  Humes,  '02,  U.  S.  District  Attorney,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
Earle  V.   McDonald,  '03,   Warren,   Pa. 

Harry  A.  Dunn,  824  Sheridan  Ave.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Roy  W.  Hazen,  '04,  New  Castle,  Pa. 

Blaine  S.   Kincaid,  '04,  Corry,  Pa. 

Paul  Mitchell,  '05,  Birmingham,  Ala. 

George  H.  Rowley,  '05,  District  Attorney,  Greenville,  Pa. 

R.  B.  Whitehill,  '05,  Brookville,  Pa. 

A.  W.  Robertson,  '06,  43  5  Sixth  Ave.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

F.  A.  Shaffer,  '06,  Globe,  Ariz. 

W.  P.  Sturtevant,  '06,  90  West  St.,  New  York  City. 
W.  G.  Powell,  '06,  Homestead,  Pa. 

G.  E.  Shaffer,  '06,  Hugo,  Okla. 
Harold  H.  Hull,  '07,  Youngstown,  O. 
W.  J.  McClintock,  '07,  Meadville,  Pa. 
R.  G.  McKinney,  '07,  Bartlesville,  Okla. 
L.  G.  Chorpenning,  '07,  Uniontown,  Pa. 

C.  L.  Christie,  '07,  610  Hamjnond  Bldg.,  Detroit,  Mich. 
A.  D.  Andrews,  '08,  Meadville,  Pa. 

R.  A.  Lyon,  '08,  Berger  Bldg.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

A.  D.  P.  Miller,  '08,   1064  Frick  Annex,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

R.  R.  Russell,  '08,  Exchange  Bldg.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal 

J.  C.  Fisher,  '08,  Engineer's  Bldg.,  Cleveland,  O. 

O.  A.  Ottaway,  '08,  Brockton,  N.  Y. 

H.  F.  White,  '08,  Duluth,  Minn. 

[    465   ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

Samuel  Wilson,  '08,  Clarion,  Pa. 

Charles  W.  Johnson,  '09,  Youngstown,  O. 

John  D.  Kiester.  '09,  Oliver  Bldg.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

J.  H.  McKinney,  '09,  Franklin,  Pa. 

S.  G.  McNees,  '09,  Apollo,  Pa. 

W.  L.  .Mould,  '09.  4  5  Public  Square,  Cleveland,  O. 

C.  C.  Douthitt,  '09,  Spencer,  W.  Va. 
W.  E.  Ferrall,  '09,  Lisbon,  O. 

W.  F.  Knoell.  '09,  Berger  Bldg.,  Pittsburgh.  Pa. 

H.  C.  Seidel,  '09,  Sharpsburg,  Pa. 

Clarence  D.  Baker,  '10,  Butler,  Pa. 

G.  S.  Criswell,  Jr.,  '10,  Franklin,  Pa. 

J.  R.  Gahan,  '10,  Titusville,  Pa. 

S.  Y.  Rossiter,  '10.  Erie,  Pa. 

R.  R.  Yost,  '10,  Johnstown,  Pa. 

H.  D.  Firestone.  '10,  .McKeesport,  Pa. 

R.  J.  George,  'll.  New  York  City. 

D.  S.  Carroll,  '11.  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

R.  W.  DeLancey,  'll,  MeadviUe,  Pa. 
Charles  L.  Lore,  '12.  Pittsburgh.  Pa. 
Donald  C.  Thompson,  '12,  .Meadville,   Pa. 

E.  J.  Stetson,  '12,  Cambridge  Springs.  Pa. 
H.  ^\.  Weiss,  '13.  .McKeesport,  Pa. 

IN  THP:  CHURCH 

The  extension  of  the  Christian  religion  has  been  a  domi- 
nant i»nr]>ose  of  the  college  from  the  beginning.  Timothy  Al- 
(len  under  his  eommission  from  tlie  eastern  Society,  visited  re- 
j)eatedly  the  Seneca  Indians  on  the  ni)i>er  Allegheny.  Martin 
Knter  abounded  in  missionary  zeal.  The  calls  to  evangeliza- 
tion have  been  ans\vered  again  and  again  through  the  years, 
constituting  a  notable  record  of  .service  rendered  by  the  alumni 
in  the  spread  of  the  (Josjxd. 

Kisiioi-  C.M.vix  Ki\(;si.KY  c-ame  to  Allegheny  in  LSJO.  at 
the  age  of  twenty-four  from  (.'hautamiua  County,  X.  Y. 
His  means  were  limited  and  he  was  emi»h>yed  as  janitor,  being 
as  lie  said,  "the  i»rofessor  of  dust  and  ashes."  As  a  student  he 
showed  ajdilnde  in  mathennitics  and  science,  rather  than  the 
classics.  His  studies  were  discontinued  twice  by  ])eriods  of 
teaching  school.  He  became  a  college  insti-nctor  in  mathe- 
matics in  1S4()  and  was  graduated  in  the  scientific  course  in 
1841.  He  succeeded  Professor  M.  V.  T.  Allen  in  the  chair  of 
mathematics  and  civil  engineering. 

[  400  ] 


IIISTOJJV  OF  ALLE(J11KXV  COJJJOdJO 

Professor  Kiiifjsley  was  a  jiopular  and  able  iiieniber  of  the 
faculty.  Jn  his  teachiiiji  he  had  a  ])eeuliar  jiower  of  eliici<la- 
tioii.  His  impress  upon  student  life  was  i)rofouiid.  He  had 
been  admitted  to  the  Erie  Conference  in  1841  and  was  a  hij^hly 
successful  pastor  in  the  interval  of  the  closing  of  the  college. 
lie  returned  to  his  place  in  Allegheny  out  of  a  sense  of  duty. 
In  isr)2  he  led  the  delegation  of  Erie  Conference  to  the  Gen- 
eral <'onference  of  Methodism  at  Boston.  Again  in  ISoO  he 
sat  in  the  high  ecclesiastical  body  which  elected  him  to  be 
editor  of  the  Wkstkrx  Christian  Advocatk,  of  Cincinnati. 

The  editor  had  been  the  vigorous  opponent  of  slavery,  so 
that  being  a  member  of  the  General  Conference  of  IStJO  at  Buf- 
falo he  was  made  the  chairman  of  the  committee  on  slavery  . 
His  recommendations  on  the  evil  at  this  national  crisis  were 
accepte<l  as  the  attitude  of  Methodism  ujton  the  issue.  Con- 
tinning  as  church  editor,  his  cham- 
pionshi])  of  the  I'nion  exerted  a 
large  influence  in  stimulating  the 
loyalty  of  the  Ohio  \'alley  region. 
He  was  elected  a  Bishop  in  1804, 
having  a  short  but  brilliant  epis- 
coi)al  career.  He  was  untiring 
in  his  labors,  serving  in  the  west- 
ern conferences  and  in  Europe. 
Bisho]»  Kingsley  was  assigned  in 
18(;!>  to  make  the  first  ejtiscopal 
tour  around  the  world  for  .Method 
ism.  Having  <-om]>leled  the  work 
in  Asia  and  about  to  enter  Enroj^e. 
he  fell  suddenly  ill  at  lieyrout, 
Syria,  and  died  Ajtril  (i.  1870.  His 
i-emains  were  placed  in  the  ceme- 
tery at  the  foot  of  snow-crowne<l 
Lebanon  and  the  General  Confer- 
ence of  1872  provi<led  for  a  monu 
ment  to  his  memory.  The  Bisho]) 
was  a  man  of  vast  energ}'  and 
strong  int(dlectual  jxtwers.  He  was 

[  ^07  ] 


Grave  of  Bishop  Kingsley 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

tensely  devoted  to  missions.  Cut  off  in  the  climax  of  his 
career,  the  Church  lost  one  of  whom  yet  larger  achievements 
had  been  confidently  expected. 


Bishop  J.  M.  Thohurn.  "57 

Bisiioi'  .Iamks  M.  Tiior.tuN  was  born  at  St.  Clairs- 
ville,  ()..  Mai-ch  7.  iS.'Wi.  His  mother  had  in  her  migration 
from  New  York  jiassed  west  through  Meadville,  ap])roacliing 
the  vilbige  by  tlic  site  of  AllegluMiy  College.  Bentley  Hall 
made  snch  an  im]n-ession  ni>on  her,  that  she  resolved  that  of 
all  colleges,  Allegheny  should  have  the  ])reference  in  the  educa- 
tion of  her  son.     The  bid  in  his  teens  cntci-cMl  in   1S.")L*.  discoii- 

[  4(;s  ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

tinned  his  course  for  one  year  to  teach  and  was  graduatd  the 
valedictorian  in  1857. 

After  a  year  and  a  half  in  the  ministry  in  his  native  state, 
he  offered  himself  as  a  missionary  to  India.  He  sailed  from 
Boston,  April  12,  1859,  to  a  field  just  opened  three  years  be- 
fore, where  later  he  was  to  witness  an  ingathering  of  hundreds 
of  thousands  of  communicants.  Stationed  first  in  north  India, 
he  j)reached  in  a  single  Hindustani  dialect.  Now  more  than 
forty  are  employed.  In  the  fall  of  18G1,  a  native  youth  was 
converted,  whom  he  baptized  as  John  Barker,  later  a  preacher 
in  the  North  India  Conference. 

The  Allegheny  missionary  after  1870  was  in  Lucknow,  Cal- 
cutta and  Bombay.  The  evangelist.  AYilliam  Taylor,  was 
brought  by  him  to  do  a  great  work  in  the  large  cities.  He  was 
the  first  editor  of  the  India  Witness.  He  introduced  the 
district  conferences,  which  sanctioned  by  the  church  revolu- 
tionized missionary  administration.  Thrice  returning  to 
America,  he  intensified  by  his  addresses  the  zeal  for  foreign 
evangelization.  The  General  Conference  of  1888  made  him 
Bishop  for  India  and  Malaysia.  He  had  planted  missions  in 
the  ^lalay  world  in  1885.  preaching  at  Singapore.  He  went  to 
Manila  in  1899  to  open  the  work  in  the  Philippines. 

Bishop  Thoburn  rendered  a  service  in  India  similar  to  that 
of  Francis  Asbury  for  America.  In  the  (Jeneral  Conference 
of  1908,  he  retired  from  his  post  of  responsibility  amid  uni- 
sal  praise  for  the  work  he  had  wrought.  Dr.  J.  M.  Buckley 
voiced  the  general  sentiment  in  the  words,  ''There  has  never 
been  a  man  like  unto  him  in  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church 
for  the  purpose  to  which  he  devoted  his  life." 

In  retirement  the  Bishop  lives  in  Meadville  and  there  in 
April,  1909,  the  Thoburn  Jubilee  was  held  to  commemorate  the 
half  century  of  missionary  service.  A  home  was  presented  to 
him  upon  that  occasion  by  one  hundred  friends  from  all 
around  the  world.  Among  the  many  spoken  tributes  one  of 
the  happiest  characterized  the  Apostle  to  India  as  a  man  of 
prophetic  vision,  of  boundless  energy-,  and  of  God  conscious- 
ness. Bishop  Thoburn  has  found  time  to  do  much  effective 
writing.     Among  his  works  are  "My  Missionary  Apprentice- 

[   409   ] 


HIlHiTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

sliii).""    "India    and    Malay.sia"    and    "Chris^tian    Conquest    of 
India." 


Bishop  M.  C.  Harris,  '73 

Bisiioi'  Mkkkiman  C.  IIai{kis  was  born  in  1S4(1.  in 
St.  Clairsvillc,  ().,  the  lionie  of  .lames  M.  Tliohnni.  When  but 
.seventeen  lie  enlisted  in  the  ll'th  Ohio  N'olnnteer  Cavalry, 
.sei-vinj:;  the  final  years  of  the  Civil  War.  He  then  tau{;ht 
scho(»l  two  years,  and  in  1S(IT  he  was  licensed  to  i)rea(li. 
I>ish()]»  Harris  joined  the  Pittsbnrjrh  Conference  in  ISGl)  and 
the  same  year  enleie<l  .Vl]e<tlieny,  whence  he  was  <;raduated 
in  1S7:1. 

He  went  in  October  with  his  wife,  l-'loi-a  IJcst  Harris,  as  a 
missionary  to  .lajtaii.  openin";  the  work  at    Hakodate,  on   the 

[  470   ] 


IlISTOKV  OF  ALLKCHIKNV  COLIJOdK 

iiortliei'ii  i«laml  of  Vezzo.  He  wax  also  U.  S.  consul  here. 
Five  years  later  he  returned  to  America  for  a  season,  then  re 
suined  his  labors  in  the  Orient,  bein^  stationed  at  Tokio.  He 
made  a  reconl  of  high  etticiency  and  industry,  bein<?  honored 
by  the  Emperor  in  1808,  with  the  decoration  of  the  Japanese 
Order  of  Merit,  because  of  his  service  to  the  people  of  the 
Mikado. 

In  188(5  he  became  superintendent  of  all  Japanese  Mis- 
sions on  the  Pacific  Coast  in  America  and  in  the  Hawaiian 
Islands.  The  Methodist  (Jeneral  Conference  of  1001:  elected 
him  Bishop  for  Jai)au  and  Korea.  Three  conferences  were 
under  his  charge  and  some  sixty  missionaries.  Bishop  Har- 
ris was  rarely  equipped  to  meet  the  delicate  problems  of  his 
episcopacy  in  the  changing  East.  AVhen  the  Japanese  Method- 
ist Church  was  created  in  1000,  he  accepted  the  lessened  re- 
sponsibility in  Ja]»an  and  increased  his  supervision  of  Korea, 
where  the  work  has  greatly  grown.  The  Bishojt  has  been  a 
potent  factor  in  promoting  the  cordial  relations  of  Ja})au  and 
the  United   States. 

Bisiior      AVir.LiAM      E.      Oldham,      '8o,      was      born      in 

Bangalore,  India,  in  18.")4,  re- 
ceiving his  tirst  education  at 
^ladras.  He  was  some  years 
a  surveyor  under  the  British 
government.  He  came  to 
America  to  study  and  chose 
Allegheny  because  of  its  alum- 
ni missionaries  in  India.  He 
l»ursue(l  the  course  until  his 
•Junior  year.  He  was  a  lead- 
er in  college  affairs,  being  the 
chief  editor  of  the  (^ampts. 
He  went  back  to  his  native 
land  and  o])ened  the  mission 
at  Singapore  on  the  Malacca 
Straits,  learning  the  Malay 
language.  Bishop  Hurst  re- 
j»orting    tlie    enterprise,    said 

471    ] 


Dr.  W.  F.  Oldham 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

''All  honor  to  Allegheny  for  sending  out  the  first  man  for  the 
Malay  millions  and  thus  completing  the  connection  between 
India  and  China." 

He  started  the  Anglo-Chinese  school,  which  numbers  its 
thousands,  and  labored  with  success  for  ten  years.  He  then 
returned  to  America  and  held  the  chair  of  Missions  and  Com- 
parative Religions  in  Ohio  Wesle^an  University.  In  1900,  Dr. 
Oldham  became  assistant  secretary  of  the  Foreign  Missionary 
Society  of  the  Methodist  Church.  The  General  Conference  of 
1904  made  him  Missionary  Bishop  of  Southern  India.  Here 
he  labored  with  abundant  success  until  1912,  when  he  re- 
signed from  the  episcopacy  to  become  a  corresponding  secre- 
tary of  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions.  Dr.  Oldham  is  an 
indefatigable  worker  and  a  public  speaker  of  unusual  ability. 

Jabez  A.  Burton,  '38,  was  the  first  foreign  missionarj"  sent 
out  from  Allegheny.  Liberia  then  was  attracting  especial  at- 
tention because  of  the  death  of  Melville  Cox,  the  pioneer  in 
Africa.  Burton  went  to  Monrovia  in  1839  to  become  principal 
of  the  classical  academy.  The  school  had  one  hundred  and 
forty  pupils  in  1840.  The  labors  of  the  principal  were  de- 
scribed as  of  signal  value  to  the  mission,  but  in  1811,  like  so 
many  of  his  associates  from  America,  Burton  fell  a  victim  to 
the  African  fever  and  the  remains  of  the  Allegheny  graduate 
were  placed  by  the  side  of  the  heroic  Cox,  who  had  challenged 
the  Christian  world  to  the  redemption  of  the  Dark  Continent. 

Rev.  Charles  H.  Doeriiig,  D.I).,  '11.  was  the  second  mission- 
ary to  go  fortli  from  Allegheny,  and  his  field  was  his  native 
land  in  Europe.  Born  in  Springe,  Hanover,  Germany,'he  early 
began  the  study  of  English  in  Bremen,  with  a  view  of  coming 
to  America  to  gain  the  education  that  his  limited  means  at 
home  denied  him.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  he  reached  Balti- 
more, walked  to  Wlieeliiig  and  there  fell  under  the  influence  of 
the  Methodist  pioneer.  Rev.  Wesley  Browning.  Feeling  called 
to  p)reach  and  declining  the  invitation  to  enter  the  German 
work  at  once,  Doering  came  to  Allegheny  and  supported  him- 
self through  college  by  teaching  French  and  German. 

Fpon  graduation  he  went  to  New  York  and  built  the  first 

[  -^'2  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 


German  Methodist  Church  of  that  city.  In  1842  he  did  simi- 
lar pioneer  service  in  I'ittsbnrgh,  erecting  the  church  edifice  on 
Strawberry  street.  Then  he  was  presiding  elder  four  years, 
after  which  he  was  re-called  to  New  Y^ork.  AVith  this  tine  rec- 
ord of  home  mission  work,  he  was  sent  in  ISoO  by  the  Mission- 
ary Society  to  Germany  as  the  second  laborer  in  that  land,  Dr. 
L.  S.  Jacobi  having  preceded  him  two  jears. 

Dr.  Doering  rounded  out  a  third  of  a  century  of  con.spicu- 
ous  leadership  in  German  Methodism  on  the  continent.  His 
first  charge  was  in  Bremen,  where  he  was  mobbed  and  beaten. 
He  founded  a  church  in  Hamburg.  Later  he  was  the  chief 
teacher  of  the  theological  school  in  Bremen.  He  had  a  pastor- 
ate in  Berlin.  He  became  in  1871  head  of  the  Methodist  Pub- 
lishing House  and  was  the  editor  of  the  Evangelist.  He 
continued  in  charge  of  these  interests  in  Germany  until  1883, 
when  he  returned  to  America  to  pass  his  declining  years,  dying 
at  Berea,  O.,  June  5,  1897.  This  German  missionary  was  a 
man  of  thorough  scholarship,  courtly  manners  and  beautiful 
character.     His  work  in  Germany  is  the  abiding  testimonal  of 

his  worth. 

Kev.     Albert     L. 

Long,  D.  D.,  '52, 
came  to  Allegheny 
from  a  Methodist 
parsonage  at  Bealls- 
ville.  Pa.,  his  fath- 
er being  11  e  \' 
AVarner  Long  of  the 
Pittsburgh  Confer- 
ence. After  gradua- 
tion, having  studied 
in  the  Biblical  Insti- 
tute at  Concord,  N. 
H.,  he  went  as  the 
first  missionaiy  to 
Bulgaria  in  1857, 
this  field  being  as- 
signed to  Methodism 
by     the    American 


Dr.  Albert  L.  Long,  '52 


[  473  ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

Board.  He  was  superinteiuleiit  at  Tiniora  in  a  severe  period 
of  persecution  and  war.  Here  lie  gained  an  accurate  insight 
into  the  political  and  religious  affairs  of  the  Balkan  and  Turk- 
ish worlds. 

Dr.  Long  removed  to  Constantinople  in  ISGo,  and  gave 
himself  to  contructing  an  evangelistic  literature  for  Bulgaria. 
The  Scri])tures  were  put  into  the  native  tongue,  four  editions 
of  the  complete  Bible  being  made  by  him.  In  ISGT  an  Ancient 
Slavic  translation  of  the  New  Testament  was  prepared  to  be 
brought  out  by  the  American  Bible  Society.  The  i>ublicationx 
issued  by  Dr.  Long  in  18G5  alone  reached  a  million  pages.  His 
work  for  Bulgaria  was  widely  recognized  and  praised.  The  first 
national  assembly  gave  him  a  vote  of  thanks  for  his  services. 
King  Ferdinand  later  conferred  upon  him  the  Cross  of  the 
Order  of  Civil  Merit. 

Robert  College.  Constantinople,  called  him  to  a  jirofessor- 
ship  in  1808.  He  was  its  vice-president  from  1878  to  the  time 
of  his  death — IDOL  His  pre.sence  drew  Bulgarian  student^; 
and  many  of  the  leaders  in  the  modern  nation  were  trained  un- 
der Dr.  Long.  He  came  to  have  a  large  influence  in  diplomatic 
affairs,  having  confidential  relations  with  the  chief  chan- 
celleries of  Europe.  Hi.s  acquaintance  with  the  Levant,  com- 
bined with  his  integrity  and  prudence  gave  great  weight  to  his 
opinions.  He  was  a  member  of  nuiny  learned  societies,  Orienr- 
al,  European  and  American.  One  associated  with  him  at  Kol)- 
ert  College,  said  :  "Ha]»])y  is  the  denomination  that  can  ])ro- 
duce  one  such  man  in  a  century." 

Dr.  James  W.  Waugli,  '.■)4,  after  graduating  from  college 
and  studying  in  the  (Jarrett  Biblical  Institute,  joined  tlu' 
Southern  Illinois  Conference.  He  answered  the  call  of  l>r. 
AVilliam  Butler  for  re-enforcements  in  India,  going  with  .lames 
-M.  Thoburn  in  18.")*).  He  became  the  ]»i'esi<ling  elder  of  the  first 
India  Conference.  He  established  the  tirst  Methodist  ]>rinting 
]»ress.  Starting  at  Bareilly  it  was  removed  to  Lucknow  in 
18(50,  and  gi-ew  into  a  great  j»ublishing  house.  Dr.  Wangh  ])er- 
fornied  vast  editorial  and  ti-anslating  labors.  He  was  in  1877 
jtrincipal  of  the  Memorial  School  at  Cawnpore.  and  later  the 
head  of  the  Bareilly  Theological  Seniiiiaiy.     After  a  half  cen- 

[   474   ] 


HISTOKV  OF  ALLKCiHKXV  COJ.LEGE 

tury  of  spleiuliil  devotion  to  India,  he  died  at  Moradabad,  Jan. 
'22,  1010. 

J)i'.  .lames  11.  Messniore,  T)!).  was  born  in  Ontario,  Cana<hi, 
and  aftei'  conijdetinj!;  the  eonrse  in  Allej>heny,  was  }:;raduated 
fi'oni  (lairet)  Kildical  Institnte.  lie  saik'd  for  India  in  No- 
vendx'r,  18(»(),  and  was  connected  with  edncational  worlv  at 
Lncknow.  He  was  associated  with  Bisho])  Tliobnrn  on  the 
IxniA  A\'iT.\i:ss.  He  was  nianafi'er  for  a  time  of  the  pnb- 
lisliin<4  house,  also  a  ])rofess()r  in  the  Theological  Seminary  at 
Bareilly.  In  his  fifty  years  of  service  Dr.  Messniore  went 
thronjih  the  last  thirty  without  a  furlough.  He  held  various 
important  pastorates  and  was  presiding  elder  of  many  of  the 
districts  of  India.  He  was  superintendent  at  the  time  of  his 
death  in  Tanri,  North  India,  Oct.  1(1,  1J)11. 

Dr.  Henry  Mansell,  '50,  came  to  college  from  Trund)ull 
(^ounty,  Ohio.  After  his  graduation  he  Avas  admitted  to  thy 
I*ittsl)urgh  Conference.  He  went  to  India  in  18G3  and  was 
stationed  in  the  north.  He  served  as  the  first  principal  of  the 
school  at  Lucknow,  that  later  became  Keid  Christian  College. 
He  also  was  at  one  time  the  president  of  Bareilly  Theological 
Seminary,  as  well  as  the  head  of  the  Philander  Smith  Institnte. 
Dr.  ]Mansell  Avas  ])roftcient  in  Hindustani,  and  translated 
evangelistic  literature  in  many  dialects.  He  was  a  tireless 
worker  until  relieved  at  his  own  request  in  1002.  He  remained 
in  India  several  years  longer  and  died  at  Bristol,  Conn.,  Nov. 
8,  1011,  shortly  after  his  classmate  and  fellow  missionary.  Dr. 
^Eessmore.  had  i)assed  away. 

Kev.  (reorge  S.  Miner,  '80.  went  out  to  China  in  1801  to  the 
Foo  Chow  field  as  professor  of  science  in  the  Anglo-Chinese 
College.  He  became  an  educational  leader,  organizing  the 
system  of  day  schools  in  1800.  Later  he  established  a  normal 
school  foi'  tlie  training  of  teachers. 

Miss  Laura  Tem])le,  '03,  for  more  than  ten  years  served 
with  conspicuous  success  as  a  missionary  in  Mexico  City. 
She  ])r<)moted  the  industrial  college  and  also  inaugurated  in 
1004  the  first  college  course  oti'ered  to  Mexican  women.  She 
sujx'rvised  the  erection  of  the  Saj-ah  L.  Keen  College  for  women, 
of  which  she  Avas  ])resident  until  war  closed  the  institution. 

[  ■4'">   ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

Miss  Charlotte  Illingworth.  '98,  is  engaged  in  mission  and 
educational  work  at  Thandaung,  India.  The  mission  school  is 
well  housed  and  the  work  is  growing. 

Rev.  Harry  Mausell.  '04,  was  appointed  to  Malaysia  in  1907, 
and  has  met  with  large  success  in  the  school  at  Singapore. 

Other  alumni  of  Allegheny  who  have  seen  service  on  the 
foreign  field  or  are  yet  active  are  as  follows : 

Rev.  B.  E.  Edgell,  '65.  in  China  from  1S73-6. 

Rev.  J.  D.  Hammond.  '66,  in  China,  now  corresponding  sec- 
retary of  Chinese  Missionary  Society,  Berkeley,  Calif. 

Rev.  A.  J.  Maxwell,  '79,  to  India  in  1SS3.  died  of  cholera 
in  1890. 

Rev.  Wellington  Bowser,  '79,  in  India,  1881-7. 

Mrs.  Harriett  Linn  Beebe,  '80,  to  China  in  1887,  died  in 
Meadville  in  1906. 

Dr.  J.  M.  Thoburn,  Jr..  "81.  in  India,  1881-8. 

Rev.  Crawford  R.  Thoburn,  '85,  in  India,  1885-9. 

Rev.  David  L.  Thoburn.  '85,  in  India  from  1893  until  death, 
in  1905. 

Mrs.  ^y  .F.  Oldham,  '85.  in  India,  1884-9. 

Rev.  Charles  M.  Miller,  '84,  in  India.  1885-8. 

Rev.  S.  I».  Long,  '84.  in  India  from  1884-1890. 

Miss  Maiy  Clark,  '86,  to  India,  married  Rev.  S.  P.  Long  in 
Rangoon,  Jan.  25,  1887;  returned  in  1890. 

Dr.  Ernest  A.  Bell,  '88,  in  India,  1891-4. 

Mrs.  Mary  GviHiu  Bell,  '89,  in  India,  1890-9. 

;Mrs.  Vesta  Greer  Peake,  '89,  to  China  in  1887-90,  now  in 
Japan  in  active  service. 

Simpson  H.  Wood,  '91,  in  India  1895-1902. 

Miss  ^'e^nice  Gelvin,  '93,  in  Mexico,  1911-4. 

Miss  Myrta  Keeler,  '94,  to  Santiago,  Cliila  in  1!)13. 

Miss  Mary  E.  Boyer,  '96,  to  Ilonan,  China. 

K.  J.  Pachejieff,  '94,  to  Bulgaria. 

J.  J.  Pachejietr,  '96,  to  Bulgaria. 

Mrs.   Eva  Rockwood  Geil,  '06,  to  Congo,  Afri<a,   1906. 

Mrs.  Jennie  Fitzerald  Millward,  '06,  to  China,  in  1907. 

Rev.  William  Millward.  '09.  to  Nanking.  Cliiim,  in  1907. 

[  476  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

Mrs.  Rachel  Cousins  Ogden,  '07,  to  Buenos  Aires,  Argentine, 
1910. 

Rev.  Wallace  H.  Miner,  '07,  missionary  for  the  Methodist 
Sunday  Schools  to  China,  in  1012. 

Mrs.  Edith  Marlatt  Allen,  'OS,  to  Iquique,  Chili,  in  1909. 

Mrs.  Mary  Sheldon  Oakey.  '08,  to  Hupeh,  China,  in  1909. 

Rev.  W.  L.  Morgan,  '10,  to  Vikarabad,  India,  in  1912. 

Mrs.  Mercedeth  Allen  Morgan,  1911,  to  India  in  1914. 

Mrs.  Margaret  Beebe  Xiles,  '10,  to  Huai  Yuan,  China,  in 
1913. 

Rev.  Heniy  Leitzel,  '12,  to  North  China,  in  1915. 

CLERGY  IN  AMERICA. 

In  the  Christian  niinistr}'  of  America  the  graduates  of  Alle- 
gheny are  represented  in  several  denominations.  The  number 
of  those  who  are  Methodists  naturally  excel,  but  not  a  few 
men  of  leadership  have  been  furnished  to  other  faiths. 

Rev.  Gordon  Battelle,  '40,  I).  D.,  was  one  of  the  most  distin- 
guished graduates  of  the  early  period  after  Alleghenj^  came  un- 
der church  patronage.  He  was  born  in  Washington  County, 
Ohio,  a  son  of  a  Harvard  graduate  of  1775,  a  Revolutionary 
officer,  one  of  the  original  settlers  at  Marietta.  The  youth 
after  a  preparatory  course  in  Marietta  College  came  to  Mead- 
ville  in  1837  to  complete  his  education.  Valedictorian  of  his 
class,  he  first  engaged  in  teaching,  being  principal  of  Asbury 
Academy  at  Parkersburg  and  then  organizing  Northeastern 
Virginia  Academy  at  Clarksburg.  Avhere  he  labored  until  1851. 
Many  of  his  students  were  directed  to  Allegheny  to  finish  their 
training. 

Dr.  Battelle  having  been  licensed  to  preach  in  1842  en- 
tered the  active  ministry,  serving  at  Charleston,  Fairmount 
and  Wheeling.  He  was  sent  by  the  West  Virginia  Conference 
to  the  General  Conferences  of  1850  and  1860.  He  was  a  strong 
anti-slavery  man  and  became  one  of  the  leaders  in  the  separa- 
tion of  West  Virginia  from  the  Old  Dominion.  He  sat  as  a 
delegate  in  the  constitutional  convention,  an  active  associate 
of  his  collegemate,  Governor  Pierpont.  Chaplain  of  the  1st 
Regt.,  ^'a.  A'ol.,  T".  S.  A.,  in  the  discharge  of  his  duties  at  the 

[  ^T7  ] 


HISTORY  OF  alli:<;heny  college 

front,  he  fell  ill  and  died,  Aug.  7,  1802.  A  life-size  .statue 
preserves  his  memory  in  his  native  town  of  Newport.  West 
A'irginia  counts  him  a  foremost  son  in  both  Church  and  State. 

Itev.  Samuel  X.  Callender,  D.  D..  *41,  after  his  graduation 
studied  in  the  Mercersburg  Theological  Seminary  of  the  Re- 
formed Church.  He  served  charges  in  Maryland  and  Mrginia. 
He  became  secretaiy  of  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  in 
1890,  later  acting  as  secretary  emeritus.  He  was  also  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Liturgical  Committee  of  the  General  Synod.  He 
was  one  of  the  most  influential  men  in  his  denomination.  His 
death  occurred  May  5,  1904. 

Rev.  Rush  R.  Shippen.  D.l).,  '44.  was  born  in  Meadville  in 
1828,  a  son  of  Judge  Henry  Shippen,  at  that  time  president  of 
the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Allegheny.  At  the  age  of  ten  he  en- 
tered the  preparatory  department.  The  college  closed  when 
he  was  in  his  junior  year.  He  became  a  student  in  the  Mead- 
ville Theological  School  and  entered  the  L^nitarian  ministry. 
After  ten  year  pastorates  in  Chicago  and  Worcester,  Mass.. 
he  became  for  a  decade  secretary  of  the  American  Unitarian 
Association.  Later  there  followed  pastorates  in  Washington, 
1).  C.,  and  Brocton,  Mass.     His  death  came  in  June  18,  1911. 

Rev.  Sanford  Hunt,  1 ).!).,  '47,  came  to  Allegheny  from 
Western  New  York  and  graduated  with  honors.  He  entered 
the  (ienesee  Conference  and  became  one  of  its  ablest  men. 
He  was  sent  to  the  (Jeneral  Conference  of  1872  and  each  suc- 
ceeding (luadrennium  until  his  death  in  189(i.  He  was  widely 
known  in  Melliodism  as  tlie  head  of  the  Methodist  Book  Con- 
cern, l)eing  elected  to  thai  jtosition  in  1880.  Tnder  his  direc- 
lion  the  jiublishing  interests  of  the  church  wei'c  signally  ad- 
vanced. 

Rev.  Closes  Hill,  D.I)..  '49,  entered  the  Ei-ie  Confei-ence  in 
18;>7.  After  eight  years  he  Avas  sent  as  ])astor  to  Meadville. 
when  he  began  a  foni-  yeai's  college  course.  H(»  was  a  man 
with  marked  gifts  of  leadei-ship.  He  served  seventeen  years 
as  a  ]»residing  elder.  Five  tinn's  he  was  sent  to  the  General 
Conference.  He  was  stationed  in  Cleveland  churches  for  a  long 
]>eriod.  l'"'roni  1882  to  1898,  the  lime  of  his  deatli,  he  held  a 
sujH'i'nnmei-ary  relation. 

[  478  ] 


IIISTOKY  OF  ALLK(JIIKXV  COLLEdH 

Kev.  Sanmcl  II.  Ncshil,  J).  J).,  '47,  entered  the  I'ittsburj,''! 
Conferenee.  In  addition  to  liis  jtastorates  lie  was  ])i-incipal 
of  Wellshnr^-  Seminary  and  president  of  liicliniond  (.'ollej^e  in 
Oliio.  lie  was  elected  editor  of  the  I'lTTsniui;  Chiustian  Ad- 
\()('ATi:  in  Isr.O,  and  was  continned  in  tlie  oHice  twelve  years, 
brin<^in<«'  the  jjeriodical  to  a  hijih  degree  of  etticiency.  Dr. 
Nesbit  was  elected  to  fonr  successive  General  Conferences  at 
the  head  of  his  delegation  and  was  a  man  of  large  influence  in 
Methodism.     His  death  came  in  1801. 

Kev.  T.  II.  Ilagerty,  1).  I).,  '54,  after  teu  years'  service  in 
Northern  Illinois,  transferred  to  the  Missouri  and  Arkansas 
Metho<list  Conferences.  He  has  been  in  the  active  work  over 
sixty  years  and  is  one  of  the  best  known  clergymen  of  the 
Missouri  \'alley.  For  sixteen  years  he  was  presiding  elder.  He 
has  been  the  chai)lain  of  St.  Louis  city  institutions  for  three 
decades. 

Rev.  1).  W.  Howell.  D.  I).,  '88,  was  a  leader  during  his  col- 
lege course  in  forensics  and  literary  work.  After  his  gradua- 
tion he  spent  three  years  in  Drew  Theological  Seminary.  En- 
tering the  New  York  East  Conference  he  served  with  success 
in  Connecticut  and  New  York.  He  was  called  to  be  the  gen- 
eral secretary  of  the  Chautaiupia  Literary  and  Scientific  Cir- 
cle in  1908,  and  later  was  briefly  connected  with  the  Method- 
ist Sunday  School  Board.  He  became  secretary  of  the  Dea- 
coness Board  of  the  ^Eethodist  Church  in  1012,  and  has  head- 
quarters in  ButTalo. 

Rev.  Nicholas  H.  Holmes,  1).  1).,  "TO.  was  born  on  a  Danish 
i.sland  in  the  Baltic  Sea.  He  prepared  for  the  University  of 
Copenhagen,  but  having  read  a  Danish  e<lition  of  "Cncle 
Tom's  Cabin,''  he  decided  to  come  to  America.  First  living 
at  Jamestown,  N.  Y'.,  in  1850.  he  later  served  in  the  Civil  War. 
After  his  graduation  from  Allegheny,  he  ])reaclied  in  the  Eri<? 
Conference  until  1802,  when  he  became  pastor  of  Wesley  (Muip- 
el,  Cohnnbus,  O.  Transferred  to  the  I'ittsburgh  ('onference. 
he  was  president  of  the  Pittsburgh  Female  College,  180r»-7, 
and  of  Beaver  College,  1808-1001.  Taking  a  retire<l  relation, 
Dr.  Holmes  lived  in  AVashington.  D.  C..  until  Dec.  10,  1015. 

Rev.  Charles  Bayard  Mitchell.  D.  D.,  '70.  was  born  in  Alle- 

[   -^TO   ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

gheny  City,  a  son  of  Rev.  D.  P.  Mitchell  of  the  Pittsburgh 
Conference.  After  completing  several  terms  in  Mt.  Union 
College,  he  finished   his  course  in  Allegheny,  taking  a  high 

rank  in  scholarship. 
The  tirst  years  of  his 
ministry  were  spent 
in  Kansas,  but  for 
thirty  years  he  has 
held  important  pas- 
torates in  notable 
Methodist  churches, 
s  u  c  h  as  Smithfield 
Street,  Pittsburgli ; 
Plain  field.  X.  J.;  Kan- 
sas City,  Minneapolis, 
First  Church,  Cleve- 
land, and  St.  James' 
(^hicago.  He  has  been 
a  delegate  to  Method- 
ist General  Confer- 
ences and  to  AVorld's 
lOcumenical  Confer- 
ences. He  has  trav- 
eled much  in  foreign 
countries.  He  is  the 
autlior  of  ''Letters 
from      Three      Conti- 


Dr.  C.  B.  Mitchell,  '79 

nents",  ''The  Noblest  Quest' 


and  "The  Way  of  a  :\[an".  Di-. 
Mitchell  has  exceptional  gifts  as  a  public  speaker  and  he  is 
heard  on  many  ])hit forms.  His  pastorates  have  been  attended 
Avilli  lai'ge  success.  As  a  preacher,  a  scholar  and  a  man  of 
atfaii'S  ]\(i  is  one  of  tlie  ablest  of  Allegheny's  sons. 

Rev.  Charles  Edward  Locke,  1).  !>.,  'SO,  was  born  in  Pitts- 
burgh, being  a  son  of  Dr.  AV.  H.  Locke,  of  Ihe  IMttsburgh  Con- 
ference. He  cnlered  Alh'glieny  in  liis  Junior  year,  having 
studied  in  Peavei'  Seminary  and  Mt.  Union  College.  After 
graduation,  lie  joined  the  East  Ohio  Conference,  and  was 
called  1o  Smithfield  Street,  Pittsburgh,  in  ISSS,  where  he  had 


[  480  1 


HISTOltV  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

a  succes.sful  pastonite,  coniinj^-  to  be  known  a.s  the  puljjit  or- 
ator of  tlie  city.  Next  followed  influential  appointments  in 
I'ortland,  Orej^on,  San  Francisco,  an<l  Bntt'alo. 

])r.  Ijocke  went  to  Hanson  I'lace  Church,  Brooklyn,  in 
1904,  and  to  First  Church,  Los  Angeles,  in  11)08,  where  he  is 
now  i)astor.  He  is  the  author  of  "Freedom's  Next  War  For 
Humanity,"  "A  Nineteenth  Century  (^rusader",  ''Eddyism", 
''White  Slavery  In  Los  Angeles",  and  ''Is  the  Negro  Making 
Good?"  He  is  a  leader  in  social  reform,  whose  labors  have 
been  potent  in  municipal  uplift. 

Dr.  J.  M.  Thoburn,  Jr.,  '81,  after  a  theological  course, 
served  one  year  in  the  Erie  Conference,  then  transferred  in 
1884  to  the  South  India.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Bengal  Con- 
ference at  its  organization.  In  1888  he  returned  to  America 
and  held  pastorates  in  Oil  City,  First  Church,  Duluth,  Minn., 
and  Central  Church,  Detroit.  He  was  called  to  Allegheny 
City  in  the  Pittsburgh  Conference  in  1900.  Dr.  Thoburn  is 
one  of  the  strong  men  of  Methodism  and  a  widely  known  plat- 
form speaker. 

Key.  S.  S.  Marquis,  D.  1).,  '1)0,  came  to  college  from  Ohio, 
and  was  a  leader  in  all  student  affairs.  After  graduation  he 
studied  in  the  General  Theological  Seminary  of  New  York,  and 
entered  the  l*rotestant  E]>iscopal  ministry.  He  is  the  Dean 
of  St.  Faul's  Cathedral,  Detroit,  a  nnin  of  strong  influence  in 
his  <lenominati()n. 

Rev.  W^.  W.  Youngson,  D.  D.,  '91,  came  to  college  from  the 
public  schools  of  I'ittsburgh.  He  had  a  notable  record  as  a 
winning  orator,  including  an  intercollegiate  contest.  He  grad- 
uated from  Drew  Seminary  in  1895  and  entered  the  Pittsburgh 
Conference.  Later  he  was  transferred  to  the  Newark  Con- 
ference and  in  1908  he  became  ])astor  in  Portland,  Oregon, 
where  he  has  been  one  of  the  leaders  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

Kev.  Pobert  E.  Brown,  I).  D.,  '01,  began  his  education  in  Al- 
bion (^'ollege,  Michigan.  His  course  at  Allegheny  was  broken 
by  two  years'  pastoral  work.  In  his  final  years  he  served  the 
State  Street  Chnri-li,  Meadville.  After  a  decade  of  highly  ac- 
ce])table  ministry  in  tlie  Erie  Conference,  Dr.  Brown,  in  1912, 
was  called  to  Asbury  Church,  Kochester,  N.  Y. 

[  481   ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

Kev.  Robert  G.  Freeman,  I).  1)..  '04:,  after  a  brilliant  record 
in  scholarship  and  oratory  at  Alleghenj',  entered  the  Presby- 
terian Theological  Seminary  at  Princeton.  His  first  appoint- 
ment was  Lafayette  Avenue,  Buffalo.  From  thence,  in  11)11, 
he  was  sent  to  the  influential  church  of  Pasadena,  California, 
where  he  has  met  with  exceptional  success. 

Rev.  H.  Lester  Smith.  D.  D.,  '04,  graduated  with  distinction 
and  completed  the  theological  course  at  Drew  Institute,  be- 
ing a  scholarship  man.  He  entered  the  Pittsburgh  Conference 
in  1907.  Under  his  pastorate  the  Bellevue  Church,  North 
Side,  was  erected.  He  was  sent  to  Delaware  Avenue,  Buffa- 
lo, in  1010,  and  called  to  Detroit,  Central  Church,  in  1912, 
which  he  serves  with  marked  efficiency. 

Rev.  F.  M.  Gregg,  D.  D..  57.  filled  important  pastorates  in 
the  Presbyterian  Church  during  his  lifetime  in  Pittsburgh  and 
Chicago.  Rev.  J.  M.  Dight,  '74,  was  an  influential  clergyman 
of  the  L'nited  Presbyterian  connection,  being  deceased  in  1912. 
Rev.  J.  A.  Vance,  D.  D..  '83.  is  a  leader  in  the  Protestant  Epis- 
copal ministry,  being  rector  for  many  years  of  St.  Andrew's 
Church.  Pittsburgh.  Rev.  F.  M.  Kerr.  D.  D.,  'SS,  is  a  success- 
ful Presbyterian  pastor  in  New  York. 

ALUMNI  IN  THE  PITTSBURGH  CONFERENCE 

Becoming  the  patrons  of  the  college,  the  Methodists  fur- 
nished resources  and  students.  Allegheny  in  turn  made  nota- 
bl  contributions  to  the  ranks  of  this  church  organization,  the 
total  number  being  107.  Of  its  presidents.  Martin  Ruter, 
Homer  J.  Clark.  John  Barker,  George  Looniis  and  L.  H.  Bug- 
bee  were  mend)ers  of  the  Pittsburgh  Conference.  Of  the  first 
class  under  the  new  order.  Pliilander  S.  Ruler.  ":>4.  was  re- 
ceived on  trial,  and  with  him  was  George  W.  Clark.  ':U>.  In 
18.'U),  E.  J.  L.  Baker.  ':>7.  joined  the  conference.  Also  of  the 
class  of  1837,  Riclwird  W.  Lanck  and  Lewis  linrton  were  accei)t- 
<m|.  liurton  withdrawing  in  1S4(>  to  join  the  IOi>isco]>al  ministry 
and  serving  with  distinction  in  Cleveland  until  1894. 

Dr.  Wm.  Cox.  "41.  long  a  lea<ler  in  the  conference,  was  ad- 
mitted in  1S.39.  along  with  Abraham  Rich.  '41.  In  1840.  there 
joined   the   Tittsburgh  connection.  Cornelius   H.  Jackson.  '41, 

I    482  .1 


IlISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

and  W.  C.  Hamilloii,  the  father  of  Bishop  J.  W.  Hamiltou,  and 
Chancellor  Frank  Hamilton.  The  additions  in  1841  were  Mar- 
cellns  A.  Knter,  '88,  later  a  transfer  to  Indiana,  and  John  O. 
Kich,  '41.  Kobert  ,1.  White,  '41,  and  J.  .1.  Covert,  '44,  joined 
the  next  year.     Gordon  Battelle,  '40,  entered  in  1845. 

A  distinguished  trio  joined  the  conference  in  1847.  Dr.  S. 
H.  Nesbit,  '47,  the  fntnre  editor;  Dr.  W.  A.  Davidson,  '47,  later 
connected  with  the  Ohio  Conference,  and  Alexander  Martin, 
'47,  who  was  to  become  the  president  of  West  Mrginia  and  De 
I'auw  L'niversities.  John  W.  Shirer,  '41),  was  twenty-seven 
years  a  pastor,  and  David  A.  McCready,  '49,  thirty-fonr  years. 
W.  W.  Roup,  '50,  did  not  continue  in  the  ministrj'.  James 
Borbridge,  '42,  who  was  admitted  in  1850.  transferred  to  the 
Kock  River  Conference  in  1800.  Andrew  J.  Lane,  '55,  was  ad- 
mitted in  1853,  and  passed  on  to  the  Church  Triumphant  in 
1908. 

John  C.  High,  '53,  after  sixty-one  years  of  active  service 
passes  his  last  days  in  Pittsburgh.  Edward  Ellison,  '50,  and 
Dr.  W.  K.  Brown,  'G3,  was  admitted  in  1856,  and  next,  Dr.  Al- 
bert L.  Long,  '52,  and  Simeon  M.  Hickman,  '5G,  who  died  in 
Sioux  City,  Iowa,  1911,  after  a  very  useful  life.  The  Confer- 
ence Class  of  1858  was  that  of  Bishop  J.  M.  Thoburn,  '57,  and 
his  Allegheny  associates  were  O.  N.  Hartshorn,  '49.  Tertullus 
Davidson,  '58,  and  W.  K.  Foutcli,  'GO. 

Eight  alumni  were  in  the  group  admitted  in  1859:  Henry 
Mansell,  '59,  the  missionary;  George  W.  Baker,  '55;  D.  W. 
AVampler,  59;  John  W.  Weaver,  'GO.  transferred  to  Ohio  Con- 
ference; Martin  S.  Kendig.  "GO,  continuing  in  the  membership 
until  1907;  J.  A'.  Yarnall,  'G3,  active  until  1887;  Joseph  Hol- 
lingshead,  'G2,  transferred  to  the  Southern  New  England  Con- 
ference, and  now  living  in  Connecticut,  and  John  N.  Pierce, 
'57,  a  leader  of  Methodism  later  in  Missouri,  and  now  retired. 
The  following  year  there  wei'c  W.  I).  Stephens,  '58,  and  J.  S. 
l^emmon,  "5G. 

Three  alumni  of  the  Conference  Class  of  18G3  became  later 
trustees  of  Allegheny :  Dr.  Noble  G.  Miller,  'Gl  ;  Dr.  J.  M. 
Bray.  G3,  and  Dr.  J.  R.  Mills,  'G2.  Dr.  Bray  transferred  to  the 
Erie  Conference,  and  Dr.  Mills  to  the  East  Ohio,  along  with 

[   ^^-^   ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

liis  classmate,  J.  H.  Ekey,  -(ii.  There  followed  then.  Charles 
McCaslin,  'G4,  living  until  1911.  J.  B.  (Jray,  '(U,  until  1899; 
AV.  H.  McBride,  '06.  still  surviving,  and  David  A.  Pierce,  'Gl. 
who  after  thirty  years  of  useful  ministry  is  a  member  of  the 
Northeast  Ohio  Conference,  living  at  Barnesville.  O.  Dr. 
James  Mechem,  'GT,  a  man  of  prominence,  died  in  1914.  Dr. 
K.  M.  Freshwater,  'G7,  now  of  the  North  East  Ohio,  and  W.  H. 
Bayne,  '69,  were  admitted  in  1807. 

One  third  of  the  number  to  join  in  1808  and  1809  were 
trained  in  Allegheny.  B.  E.  Edgell.  '0.~).  now  is  a  superannuate 
of  North  East  Ohio;  Dr.  S.  W.  Horner,  '05,  passed  his  best 
years  in  Michigan.  Dr.  J.  T.  Kiley.  '08,  is  a  district  superin- 
tendent in  Oklahoma.  I.  S.  Winters,  '01,  transferred  to  the 
East  Ohio,  and  still  is  living,  while  H.  H.  Pershing  of  the  same 
conference  died  in  1912.  The  group  of  18C9  is  that  of  Bishop 
Harris.  '73,  of  Japan,  with  whom  was  admitted  Dr.  Joseph  W. 
Miles,  '74,  who  has  served  the  leading  churches  and  been  pre- 
siding elder  of  the  Pittsburgh  District ;  John  W.  Mclntyre  is 
yet  an  active  iiastor.  Dr.  B.  F.  Beazell,  '08,  died  in  1915. 
George  "VV.  Johnson,  '50,  a  transfer  from  Kentucky,  remained 
active  till  his  death  in  1903. 

Dr.  E.  I{.  Jones.  '70.  was  accepted  the  same  year  in  the  Con- 
ference. E.  M.  Williams.  '70,  was  called  from  his  labors  in 
1875.  Dr.  Asbury  C.  Johnson.  '03,  is  now  retired,  living  at 
Blairsville.  Dr.  IJ.  B.  Mansell.  "71.  is  a  highly  successful  pas- 
tor. Sylvanus  Lane,  '07,  began  to  i)reach  several  years  after 
leaving  college.  Jose])li  E.  Wright.  '09,  remained  in  the  con- 
ference; his  brother,  John  A.  Wriglit,  '08,  went  to  the  East 
Ohio,  and  now  lives  in  Blocmiington.  Ind.  S.  W.  Davis.  '00, 
<am<'  fiom  the  A\'est  \'irginia  Conference  in  1S7^>.  and  was  act- 
ive nnlil  1914.  T.  M.  St.  John.  '7().  died  in  tliis  same  yeai-  of 
entering  the  work. 

Di*.  T.  TL  A\'oodi-ing.  '7^).  was  received  into  the  Coid'erence 
in  ls77  and  has  had  an  ell'ective  ministry  of  nearly  two  score 
years.  He  has  been  sent  twice  as  a  delegate  to  General  Con- 
ference. Dr.  J.  V.  Murray.  '77.  is  in  the  a<tive  pastoi-ate.  G. 
II.  Ilnllman.  '77,  transferred  to  the  East  Ohio.  Dr.  E.  S. 
Wliile.  '78.  was  iidmitted  in  1880  ;ind  is  now  at  New  Kensing- 

[  484   ] 


HISTOKV  OF  ALLEdllEXV  ('()LLK(;E 

toil.  Til.  A.  10.  Ilustcd,  'SI,  is  now  at  WiiidlKT.  The  ;i;reatly 
I»('1o\(m1  1  >r.  .1.  A.  IJallaiilyiie,  "Si*.  Ii('<;aii  liis  iniiiisti-y  in  18S2. 
and  (mhUmI  liis  rcinarkabk'  nii.ssion  in  just  a  score  of  years. 

Dr.  .John  II.  Miller.  'S2,  now  eiitere<l  the  Conference,  but 
was  connected  for  a  wliile  with  his  (iIiiki  iiidtcr.  He  has  been 
an  elTicient  district  superintendent.  W.  (1.  Mead.  'ST,  an  en- 
er<;etic  }»astor.  and  II.  t^.  Free.  'Sf;,  were  admitted  in  ISSO,  and 
Dr.  ('.  B.  Mitchell,  '79.  came  by  transfer  from  the  West.  C. 
V.  Wilson.  '70.  was  received  by  transfer  from  the  lOrie  Confer- 
ence. 

Five  sons  of  Allegheny  were  added  to  the  roll  in  ISSS :  Dr. 
Charles  L.  Smith.  '87.  now  district  superintendent  of  the  North 
r]ast  Ohio,  at  Steubenville;  Dr.  Ernest  A.  Bell.  'SS,  a  mission- 
ary in  India,  and  now  a  leader  in  social  service  in  Chicago; 
W.  T.  Bradeii.  '7(5,  who  died  in  IDOo;  Dr.  C.  E.  Locke,  'SO,  by 
transfer  to  Smithfield  Street,  and  Dr.  J.  W.  Carey,  '08,  the 
present  worthy  suiierintendent  of  the  Blairsville  District. 

J.  A.  Younkins,  '01,  has  been  twenty-six  years  in  the  work 
and  is  stationed  at  Monaca.  Dr.  Charles  M.  Miller,  'So,  after 
foreign  service  entered  the  home  pastorate  and  is  now  the 
chaplain  of  the  penitentiary  at  IMttsburgh.  M.  A.  Bigg,  '00, 
joined  the  Conference  the  year  of  his  graduation  and  is  at  Der- 
ry.  His  classmate,  W.  1*.  ^'arller,  '00,  is  stationed  at  Banks- 
ville.  J.  D.  AV.  Heazeltoii.  '04.  is  serving  the  church  at  Ell- 
wood  City.  All  three  men  in  the  Conference  Class  of  1801 
were  trained  in  Allegheny.  Dr.  II.  D.  Whitetield.  '01.  now  ai 
(Jreensburg;  H.  H.  Household.  'SO.  after  a  theological  course, 
now  supernumerai-y.  and  S.  M.  Mackey.  'SO.  located  at  Free- 
port. 

In  1S02  live  Avere  added  from  Allegheny:  W.  E.  Barcus. 
'01,  now  at  Swissvale;  S.  E.  Kodkey,  '!)."),  now  at  \'erona  ;  S.  P. 
Long.  '84,  from  the  Bengal  Conference,  later  transferring  to  the 
Genesee;  Dr.  A.  C.  I'Ollis.  '78.  coming  briefly  from  the  Erie  Con- 
ference, and  W.  (1.  Barron.  'O."").  afterwards  removed  to  the  west. 
J.  K.  Howe.  '0.').  after  some  years  of  faithful  work,  has  retired 
and  is  living  at  Tarentum. 

Again  a  quintette  from  the  college  was  admitted  in  1805: 
W.  C.  Swearer.  'O.').  who  is  making  a  brilliant  record  in  Korea; 

[  4sr,  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

W.  W.  Youngson,  '01,  after  a  theological  course,  and  later  to 
transfer  to  the  East  and  then  the  West ;  L.  S.  Wilkinson,  '97, 
now  at  a  Pittsburgh  charge;  C.  W.  Hoover,  '98,  located  at  Cir- 
cleville,  and  William  Tipper,  'OS,  retired.  Dr.  N.  H.  Holmes, 
'70.  was  transferred  from  the  Ohio  Conference  in  1896,  and  Dr. 
Arthur  Staples,  '94,  received  after  his  graduation  from  Bos- 
ton Theological  School. 

Three  of  the  four  candidates  in  1897  were  college  bred : 
Edgar  P.  Harper,  '93,  after  a  course  at  Drew  Seminary,  now 
stationed  at  Irwin ;  J.  D.  Brison,  '97,  serving  now  Grove  Ave- 
nue, Johnstown,  and  Earl  C.  Lindsey,  '97,  now  at  Beechview, 
Pittsburgh.  The  quartette  of  the  next  year  are  all  men  with 
college  degrees  and  theological  training.  They  are  Harry  P. 
•Tohnson,  '92,  now  at  Blairsville;  George  Grant,  '97,  now  at 
Bolivar;  Dr.  Paul  Weyand,  '98,  now  at  Jeannette,  and  Dr.  W. 
J.  Lowstuter,  at  present  a  j)rofessor  in  Iliff  School  of  Theolo- 
gy', Denver. 

Dr.  -T.  P.  Marlatt,  '82,  came  to  the  Pittsburgh  Conference  in 
1809,  from  the  Puget  Sound  Conference;  later  he  returned 
and  is  district  superintendent  at  Everett,  Wash. ;  H.  H.  Carna- 
han,  '00.  is  stationed  at  Monongahela ;  A.  C.  Elliott,  '95,  be- 
cause of  ill  health  has  had  to  take  a  supernumeran'  relation. 
Dr.  II.  L.  Smith.  '04.  after  his  admission  on  trial,  completed  his 
work  at  Alleglieny  an<l  Drew  Seminary,  and  is  now  in  the  De- 
troit Conference;  Thomas  Charlesworth,  '01,  came  by  transfer 
from  the  Holston  Conference. 

Dr.  .1.  M.  Tlioburn,  .Tr.,  '81,  came  by  transfer  in  1900,  and 
lias  been  tlie  energetic  superintendent  of  the  Allegheny  District 
for  six  years.  .1.  ^'(M•non  Wi-ight,  '98,  complete<l  the  course  at 
Drew  and  is  now  at  Bi-addock,  First  Cliurcli.  T.  G.  Shallen- 
b(»rger.  '02.  conliiuKMl  one  year  in  the  ministry.  Herbert  K. 
Morris,  'O:?.  transferred  to  Colorado.  H.  L.  Humbert,  '06,  is 
located  at  Dunl)ar. 

Of  the  ]ir<)bationary  <lass  of  twelve  in  190:>,  one  half  was 
fi-oiii  the  college.  M'.  L.  Wilkenson,  '!M>.  is  now  at  Duipiesne 
Heights,  f'ittsbnrgli;  D.  II.  Graham.  '!»9,  :it  Crafton  Heights; 
11.  ('.  Lewis.  '04.  at  Claysville,  and  O.  B.  Emerson.  '00.  at  Oak- 
irioiil  ;  \y.  (\  Loomis.  'OtI.  tr-ansferred  to  ('alifoiMiiji.  and  W.  IJ. 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLE(iE 

Goff,  '00,  went  into  the  Lutheran  church.  Three  men,  leaders 
in  college  days,  were  accepted  next  year:  A.  K.  Travis,  '02, 
now  at  IMtcairn;  AV.  M.  Buzza,  '02,  chaplain  of  Allegheny 
County  Workhouse,  and  A.  (\  Saxnian,  '04,  now  at  Freedom. 

J.  E.  Morrison,  '05,  joined  the  Conference  the  year  of  his 
graduation,  and  is  now  at  West  Side,  McKeesport.  With  him 
came  W.  .1.  Miller,  '04,  who  later  completed  his  theological 
studies  and  is  at  Cooper  Avenue,  Johnstown.  Five  accessions 
from  Allegheny  are  recorded  in  lOOG:  1).  M.  Paul,  '02,  is 
now  at  Coraopolis ;  H.  B.  Mansell,  '04,  is  now  head  of  the  Mis- 
sion School  in  Singapore;  H.  C.  Critchlow,  '02,  is  the  pastor  at 
Collins;  H.  H.  Gregg,  '09,  died  in  1915  in  the  midst  of  a  bril- 
liant career  of  usefulness;  T.  M.  Dunkle,  '05,  is  stationed  at 
Star  Junction. 

Groups  of  five  alumni  were  again  admitted  in  both  1907  and 
1908 :  W.  S.  Trosh,  '04,  is  now  at  A])ollo ;  T.  K.  Fornear,  '06,  is 
in  his  third  year  at  Butler  Street,  I*ittsburgh ;  G.  M.  Dougher- 
ty, '06,  is  at  Christy  Park,  McKeesport ;  T.  F.  Chilcote,  '08,  is 
at  Gallitzen,  and  ^Y.  M.  Bracken,  '04,  at  Smithfield,  Pa.  C.  A. 
Hartung,  '07,  is  the  popular  pastor  at  Homer  City;  L.  I.  Lord, 
'08,  is  serving  at  Fourth  Street,  Braddock ;  J.  W.  King,  '06,  is 
at  Beallsville;  R.  B.  Callahan,  '08,  after  graduation  from  Bos- 
ton, is  now  at  Morningside,  Pittsburgh,  and  J.  C.  Matteson,  '02, 
at  Meyersdale. 

R.  P.  Andrews,  '08,  and  E.  W.  Kelley.  '07,  joined  the  Con- 
ference in  1909;  the  first  is  located  at  Ambridge  for  the  third 
year;  the  second  is  at  Washington  Avenue,  Pittsburgh.  W. 
G.  Cole,  '09,  came  from  the  Erie  Conference  in  1910,  and  is  at 
Wilmerding;  S.  L.  Mills,  '99,  transferred  from  the  Erie  Con- 
/erence  and  is  at  California  Avenue,  Pittsburgh ;  J.  L.  Dawson, 
'83,  transferred  from  the  East  Ohio;  R.  E.  Boyd,  '30.  is  in 
charge  of  Trinity  Temple,  Pittsburgh;  W.  L.  Morgan,  '10.  ac- 
cepted on  trial  in  1912,  went  to  India. 

Ross  B.  Litten,  '12,  is  doing  a  successful  work  at  East  Belle- 
vue;  J.  Merrill  AVhite,  '11,  after  graduation  from  Garrett  The- 
ological School,  is  stationed  at  Glassport;  C.  V.  Sparling,  '13, 
after  a  course  at  Boston,  is  sent  in  1915  to  Elk  Lick :  C.  L.  Nev- 
ins,  '13,  comes  also  from  Boston  University  to  take  work  in 

[  487  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

Johnstown :  AY.  ]{.  Hofelt.  '13.  is  assistant  pastor  in  First 
Clinrcli.  McKeesport ;  Panl  Lindberg.  '14,  is  stationed  at  Coal 
Center;  J.  1).  l*ii>er.  '10,  after  graduation  from  Drew,  has  his 
first  appointment  at  Saltsburg. 

ALUMNI  IN  THE  ERIE  CONFERENCE 

In  the  Erie  Conference,  a  yonnger  and  smaller  organization 
than  the  IMttsbnrgh,  the  number  of  Allegheny  men  who  have 
entered  the  ministry  is  larger,  being  176. 

Dr.  Martin  IJuter  was  the  secretary  of  the  initial  session 
at  Meadville  in  1830,  and  I'residents  Homer  .1.  Ciark,  AYilhut' 
(i.  Williams  and  William  H.  Crawford  had  been  the  other  col- 
lege executives  who  were  members  of  the  Conference.  Wm.  M. 
Burton,  George  W.  Clarke,  K.  T.  Allen,  Calvin  Kingsley,  Moses 
Crow,  L.  D.  Williams,  James  Marvin,  Ammi  B.  Hyde  and  Cam- 
den M.  Cobern  of  the  Faculty,  have  also  been  enrolled. 

When  the  new  Methodist  division  of  preachers  was  formally 
instituted  in  the  Crawford  County  Court-House,  the  following 
sometime-students  of  Allegheny  received  ai)i»ointments: 
George  AY.  Clarke,  '35;  E.  J.  L.  Baker.  '38;  Aloses  Crow,  '40; 
Albina  Hall,  '3!> ;  .lames  AY.  Lowe.  '38;  Thomas  Benn  and  B.  K. 
Maltby.  Lewis  Burton,  '37,  was  admitted  on  trial  the  same 
year  of  his  graduation,  and  in  1830  transferred  to  the  I'itts- 
I)urgh  Conference. 

Alexander  Barris.  ':'>0,  joined  the  Conference  in  1830;  he 
transferred  to  California  in  1800,  and  became  the  agent  of  the 
T'niversity  of  the  Pacific,  becpieathing  his  library  to  it  shortly 
liefore  his  death.  -lames  AI.  Plant,  '30,  was  active  for  fifteen 
yeai-s,  then  located.  A  ti-io  of  gi-aduates  was  accepted  in  1841. 
Bishop  Cahin  Kiiigsh'V,  '41;  I'..  B.  Lane.  '41,  whose  ministry 
was  able  and  successful  until  his  death  in  1804.  and  .Mniii-an 
G.  Aliller,  41,  who  aftei-  acting  as  agent  for  the  college,  re- 
moved to  Alississippi  and  became  a  leadei*  in  educational  work 
in  Aletliodist  Cliurcli.  South.  G.  U.  Hawkins.  '42.  besides  suc- 
cessful educational  woi-k.  Avas  an  influential  pastoi'.  becoming 
chaplain  of  an  Oiiio  i-egiment.      lie  died  in  the  sei'vice  in  18(!2. 

George  \\.  Miiltby  joined  on  trial  in  1S|:J,  he  Imd  been  a 
student    in    1S40;   later  stationed    in    .Meadville.   he   was  gi-adn- 

[    -^'^-^    1 


UlSTOliV  OF  ALLEGIIEXV  COLLECJE 

ated  in  ISGO.  lie  was  a  hijilily  I'stceiiied  minister,  heinj;-  elect- 
ed to  (leneral  Cont'erenee  in  1SG8.  .Joseph  I'ncles,  '^{.S,  \\n> 
also  admitted  in  lS4o.  His  work  was  ended  aftei*  a  decade. 
Thomas  II.  Cnmmins,  '44,  became  noted  in  Ohio  as  a  temj)er- 
ance  leader,  hnt  died  within  a  few  years.  Albert  M.  Keed,  '44, 
had  a  brief  career  of  two  years,  dohn  II.  Henry,  '4<),  was  lo- 
cated after  eleven  years'  service.  ('.  S.  dennes,  '4S,  admitted 
in  1847,  withdrew  in  185."),  and  later  was  in  the  Iowa  and  Sontli 
Kansas  Conferences.  He  died  in  ]!)()4.  Koderick  Norton,  '4."), 
joined  the  Conference  in  1848,  was  transferred  to  the  Uppev 
Iowa  in  18()0,  and  was  active  a  score  of  years  there. 

Three  <iradnates  of  184!)  entered  the  Erie  ranks.  Dr.  Moses 
Hill  ])nrsned  his  stndies  while  a  i)astor  and  was  one  of  the 
strong  men  of  the  connection.  .lames  (Ireer  after  a  career  of 
pastoral  and  educational  work  died  at  Akron,  O.,  in  1874. 
Oeorge  L.  Little  transferred  to  the  Kock  Kiver  Conference  and 
later  entered  the  I'resbyterian  ministry.  I).  E.  Day,  T)3,  was 
admitted  in  ]8.")0.  and  after  six  years  located  at  Girard,  l*a. 
S.  T.  Boyle,  '."):>.  was  admitted  in  18.51.  He  transferred  to 
Missouri  in  1805  and  had  a  place  of  leadership,  beinjj;  sent  to 
the  General  Conference  of  1880.  A.  S.  Dobbs,  '57,  was  also 
accepted  in  1851.  He  studied  two  years  in  Allejiheny.  then 
went  to  the  Boston  Scliool  of  Theoloj>y.  He  was  also  a  mem- 
ber of  the  New  Enjjland  and  North  Carolina  Conference. 

S.  S.  Burton,  '52,  joined  the  Conference  the  year  of  his 
graduation.  Including  six  years  spent  in  Minnesota  he  was 
an  ertective  ]>astor  forty  years,  dying  at  Warren,  l*a..  in  1!)00. 
.1.  B.  Orwig  was  admitted  the  same  year.  AVhile  a  i)astor  near 
Meadville  he  took  the  college  courses.  He  transferred  to  the 
Kansas  Conference  in  1805.  P.  P.  Pinney,  '5:>,  had  fifty  years 
of  active  service,  dui-ing  which  he  was  made  a  delegate  to  the 
General  Conference  of  1884.  F.  AV.  Smith.  '57,  joined  the 
Erie  in  185.'>,  ami  after  eight  years  retii'ed.  Fresh  accessions 
from  Allegheny  were  had  in  1854.  S.  S.  Stuntz,  '54.  was  active 
for  fifteen  years;  S.  L.  Wilkinson.  '54,  was  a  ])astor  for  twenty- 
six  years;  .lejitha  Marsh,  '54,  was  ti'ansferred  in  1870  to  Ne- 
braska; S.  L.  Mead,  '.54,  after  a  few  years  locate<I ;  T.  P.  War- 
ner, '54,  was  efiective  thirty-seven  years. 

[  480  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

J.  B.  Grover,  '55,  served  in  the  Conference  from  1855  to 
1S7G,  then  going  to  the  East  Ohio.  After  superannuation  he 
lived  in  Missouri.  J.  H.  McCarthy,  '55,  was  a  member  of  sev- 
eral conferences  after  leaving  the  Erie,  the  final  one  being  the 
Central  New  York.  E.  S.  Gillette,  '50,  was  admitted  in  1850 
and  went  to  the  East  Ohio,  being  many  years  an  agent  of  the 
American  Bible  Society.  Z.  W.  Shadduck,  '57.  was  received 
the  year  of  his  graduation.  After  more  than  thirty  years  of 
acceptable  ministry  he  died  in  1888;  W.  D.  Archbold,  '56,  was  a 
member  of  the  Conference  from  1857  to  1805.  then  located. 
He  now  resides  in  Denver. 

Dr.  A.  J.  Merchant.  '57,  after  thirty-two  faithful  years  in 
the  itinerancy  was  taken  in  the  midst  of  his  labors.  He  had 
held  important  positions  in  many  of  the  Conference  Societies, 
was  several  years  a  presiding  elder,  being  sent  to  the  General 
Conference  of  ISUCt  as  a  delegate.  Dr.  I{.  F.  Keeler.  '53.  was  re- 
ceived on  trial  in  1858.  He  transferred  to  the  East  Ohio  and 
was  active  half  a  century,  dying  in  1008.  Darius  S.  Steadman. 
'58.  joined  the  Conference  in  1858.  He  was  chaplain  of  the 
105th  l*a.  \'ols.  in  the  Civil  War.  He  was  a  man  of  large  use- 
fulness and  power.  His  death  came  in  1007.  Robert  W. 
Scott,  '50,  also  joined  in  1858  and  was  effective  thirty-two 
years,  removing  to  Kansas  when  superannuated.  Ezra  R. 
Kna])p,  '00,  was  the  fourth  Alleghenian  in  the  Conference 
Class  of  L858.  After  thii-ty-two  years'  service,  he  survived  a 
decade  in  retirement. 

().  G.  McEiitire.  '50.  was  the  first  graduate  from  the  Bibli- 
cal dej)artment  of  Allegheny.  He  was  thirty-five  years  in  the 
ministry,  including  the  i)i'esiding  eldership  of  llic  Jamestown 
District.  He  died  in  18!):',.  In  1800  W.  A.  Clark,  '00,  and  S. 
S.  Sears,  '51',  were  received,  the  former  an  active  i)astor  more 
than  thirty  years  in  the  I'rie  and  East  Ohio  Conferences,  the 
latter  dying  in  ISOI  in  the  midst  of  educational  duties.  E.  A. 
Lu<hvig.  'Oli.  joined  the  ministry  in  1802,  later  going  to  Cali- 
fornia. Ti'ofessor  dames  Marvin.  '51.  was  admitted  in  1803. 
Likewise  l'>.  F.  Delo.  '50.  who  was  etl'ective  tliii'ty-three  years. 
])residing  elder  <>f  the  Clarion  Disti-ict.  and  snjKM-annuated  in 
18!>7,  now  living  in  Clarion. 

[  400  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEOHENY  COLLEGE 

There  were  seven  former  istudeiits  in  the  Confereuce  Class 
of  1863.  Dr.  K.  N.  Stubbs,  H>:\,  had  a  fruitful  pastorate  of  al- 
most a  half  centurv,  including  two  tei-ms  as  a  i)residin<if  elder. 
He  now  lives  in  California.  Edwin  B.  Cumniinj^s,  '02,  went  to 
the  Wisconsin  Conference  in  1870,  and  to  the  Black  Hills  as  a 
missionary  in  18S:>.  He  later  became  a  relifjious  editor,  and 
was  in  the  South  Dakota  legislature.  He  now  resides  in  In- 
dianapolis. Frank  Brown,  '55,  after  teaching  in  Ohio  Uni- 
versity and  Allegheny  (.'ollege,  had  seventeen  years  in  the  min- 
istry, the  final  service  being  in  the  East  Ohio.  Dr.  A.  H. 
Domer,  'Gl,  went  to  the  East  Ohio  in  the  division  of  187(5,  and 
remaining  active  a  quarter  of  century,  enjoying  manj-  honors 
in  his  career.  A.  J.  Lindsey,  '0.">,  was  an  etfective  pastor  for 
thirty-seven  years.     He  died  at  Jamestown,  X.  Y.,  in  1008. 

Dr.  David  Latshaw.  '()2,  joined  the  Conference  in  18G4.  In 
his  twenty-eight  years'  connection,  ten  were  spent  as  presiding 
elder.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  General  Conference  of  1880. 
He  was  the  director  of  the  Clarion  Assembly  for  many  years, 
and  a  forceful  leader.  W.  A.  Maltby,  '02,  came  from  the  Min- 
nesota Conference  in  180-1,  was  in  the  i)astorate  twenty-eight 
years,  being  at  his  death  temperance  evangelist. 

Of  the  five  received  in  1805,  James  W.  Groves,  '00,  was 
twenty  years  in  the  active  work;  C.  C.  Hunt,  '07,  did  not  take 
the  superannuate  relation  until  after  forty  years  of  faithful 
service;  J.  G.  Townsend,  '07,  after  transfer  to  the  Genesee  Con- 
ference in  3884.  founded  later  an  independent  church  in  James- 
town, X.  Y. ;  Dr.  A.  X.  Craft,  '05,  transferred  to  the  East  Ohio 
after  filling  the  leading  churches  of  the  Erie  Conference.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  the  General  Conferences  of  1880  and  1900; 
Francis  A.  Archibald,  '08.  also  went  to  the  East  Ohio  and  after 
a  score  of  years  retired,  removing  to  California. 

Dr.  li.  S.  Borland,  '50,  was  admitted  in  1807.  He  Avas  in 
the  pastorate  thirty-five  years  and  then  became  manager  of  the 
Conference  Claimants  Fund.  lie  was  a  delegate  to  the  General 
Conferences  of  1888,  and  of  1800.  He  was  held  in  high  esteem 
in  all  his  relations.  His  death  came  in  1015.  Dr.  J.  M.  Bray, 
'0.3,  came  from  the  Pittsburgh  Conference  in  1807.  He  was 
active  forty  years,  being  ]>residing  elder  of  the  Franklin  Dis- 

[  ^^1    ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

Tiict.  He  (lied  in  1!»09.  Dr.  10.  D.  McCreary.  '07,  transferred 
to  the  California  Conference  after  twenty  years,  within  which 
time  he  had  been  presiding  elder  of  the  Jamestown.  N.  Y.  Dis- 
trict. John  S.  Albertson.  '5;].  came  from  the  Wesleyan  Church 
in  1867.  and  was  active  fifteen  years.  Frederick  Fair,  '70, 
was  admitted  in  1807,  and  after  thirty  years,  retired.  He  died 
in  1911. 

D.  W.  >Vampler,  '50,  entered  in  1808  after  work  in  the 
Pittsburgh  Conference.  He  was  effective  for  seventeen  years. 
Lewis  Wick.  '08,  was  received  in  1809.  He  was  in  the  active 
pastorate  thirty-three  years  and  now  lives  at  Darlington.  C. 
AV.  Foulke,  '09,  continued  effective  in  the  conference  thirty-five 
years.  He  died  in  1910.  H.  AY.  Leslie,  '02,  joined  in  1809,  and 
had  a  brief  ministry  of  but  five  years.  There  were  four  from 
Allegheny  in  the  Conference  Class  of  1870;  I.  D.  Darling,  '70. 
was  tliirty  years  in  the  ministry,  dying  in  1900;  Dr.  N.  H. 
Holmes,  '70.  after  thirty-five  years  of  varied  service  retired  to 
AYashington.  D.  C. ;  J.  B.  Corey.  '01.  went  to  the  East  Ohio  in 
1870  and  was  a  leader  in  church  extension  and  city  missionary 
work.  J.  A.  Hume.  '04.  was  active  for  twenty-five  years,  locat- 
ing at  I'leasantville. 

Dr.  K.  F.  I{an<lo]i»li,  '08.  joined  the  Conference  in  1871,  after 
taking  the  law  course  in  Michigan  University.  He  has  been  a 
member  of  the  East  Ohio.  West  A'irginia,  Genesee  and  Wiscon- 
sin Conferences.  He  was  presiding  elder  of  the  New  Castle 
District.  1900-.").  He  has  been  active  forty-five  years.  Harvey 
Henderson.  '.■')7.  was  eleven  years  a  successful  pastor  and  then 
located,  returning  to  the  ]>raclice  of  law.  J.  M.  Fostei',  '02. 
left  the  practice  of  medicine  and  fr(nn  1S71  was  for  thirty-sev- 
en years  an  etlicient  jtastor.  J.  AY.  Snyih'!-.  '72.  ti-ansferred  to 
the  East  Ohio  in  1S70  where  death  v\i\  short  his  ministry  in 
18S:).  Dr.  AN'.  A\'.  I'aintei-.  '0(».  after  graduation  from  (Jarrett 
Biblical  Inslitnte.  entere*!  the  Wisconsin  Conference.  He 
transferred  to  the  Eiie  in  1S72.  to  the  L'ock  liiver  in  1S90.  (ly- 
ing in  1992.  Di-.  ^\'.  J.  AN'ilson.  "((O.  in  fonr  yejirs  was  trans- 
ferred to  the  I^;ist  (Miio  Conference  .ind  rounded  out  thirty 
ye:irs  of  sei-\  ice.  n(»\\'  li\ing  in  .\t  wiitei-.  ().  S.  ]•>.  Winger  w;is 
ndniiltct]  in   1S72.  \v;is  cllicient  nnlil   1900.  ;ind  died  in   1912. 

[   492  ] 


iiisTOiiv  OF  alli:(jiii:ny  collecje 

A  <>Tou})  of  four  from  the  colley;e  was  in  the  chiss  of  187:>. 
C.  W.  J)arrow.  '(>!),  went  to  the  Puget  Soiiiul  Conference  in  181)1 
and  after  seven  years  of  professorial  work,  returned  to  the 
active  ministry,  dyinj;  in  Tacoma  in  I'Jli*.  C.  V.  Wilson,  '70, 
was  received  by  transfer  and  hiter  went  to  tlie  (lenesee  Con- 
ference, dyin<^  in  1!>1.").  L.  T.  Kirl<.  '71,  located  in  1S7S,  and 
lives  in  Beaman,  Mo.  J.  K.  Adams,  '7(».  was  active  thirty-tive 
years,  dyin*;-  in  ll)l;>.  W.  B.  Holt,  '."id,  was  a  mend)er  of  the 
Genesee  and  Detroit  Conferences,  cominjj  to  the  Erie  in  1874, 
where  he  was  effective  until  his  <leath  in  181)2. 

In  the  enterinji  class  of  187(5  there  were  six  Allej;heny  rei)re- 
sentatives.  Dr.  W.  (1.  Williams,  '7."),  went  to  the  Ohio  Confer- 
ence in  188!).  and  to  the  St.  Louis  in  18!)4,  his  untimely  demise 
coming  in  1890.  Dr.  C.  M.  Cobern,  '70,  after  being  a  member 
of  three  other  conferences,  returned  to  the  Erie  in  1000  with 
his  professorship  in  the  College.  Dr.  W.  O.  Allen,  '70,  trans- 
ferred to  the  Des  Moines  in  188.");  he  was  j^residing  elder  1899- 
1904,  and  now  is  in  the  faculty  of  Drury  College.  E.  K.  Creed, 
'75,  went  to  the  New  York  East  Conference  in  189."),  and  then 
to  the  Wilmington,  his  death  coming  in  1904.  J.  Boyd  Espy 
after  a  successful  business  and  political  career  entered  the 
ministry  and  had  a  record  of  large  usefulness,  sening  as  pre- 
siding elder  of  the  Erie  District,  1900-5;  he  died  in  1!)07.  W\ 
S.  Shepard,  '70,  was  effective  for  twenty-five  years. 

P.  A.  Reno,  '77,  joined  the  Conference  in  1878.  In  addition- 
al to  educational  work,  he  graduated  at  Garrett.  His  death 
came  in  1900  at  the  heiglit  of  a  useful  career.  AVellington 
Bowser,  '79,  was  admitted  in  1879,  and  transferred  to  the  South 
India  Conference.  J.  A.  Hovis,  '78,  joined  in  1880,  and  after 
transferring  to  the  northwest,  returned  to  the  Erie  in  190o,  and 
is  a  bus}-  pastor. 

A  (juartette  of  accessions  came  in  1881.  Dr.  J.  M.  Tho- 
burn,  .7r.,  1881,  later  a  mend)er  of  three  conferences,  came  back 
to  the  Erie  in  1888.  and  is  now  in  the  Pittsburgh  Conference. 
Dr.  C.  AV.  Miner.  '81.  has  been  an  aggressive  i)astor  for  thirty- 
three  years  and  is  now  district  sn]>erintendent  of  the  Dubois 
District.  He  is  a  delegate  to  the  General  Conference.  S.  E. 
Ryan.  '82.  transferred  to  the  North  Dakota  Conference  in  1889. 

[   4i'-{   ] 


Hlt^TORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

He  was  a  delegate  to  the  General  Conference  of  1900.  L.  O. 
Mead.  '81,  was  transferred  in  1882  to  Kansas,  where  he  died 
in  1887.  J.  A.  Parsons.  'SS,  was  admitted  on  trial  in  1883  and 
conducted  a  worthy  niinistn-  for  thirty  years,  his  death  oc- 
curring in  1913.  A.  "W.  Decker  '85,  came  from  the  Arkansas 
Conference  and  removed  in  1888  lo  the  Genesee.  B.  P.  Linn 
came  from  the  Upper  Iowa  Conference  and  after  six  years  was 
called  from  his  earthly  labors. 

Dr.  A.  C.  Ellis,  '78,  transferred  from  the  East  Ohio  Confer- 
ence in  1881.  He  had  taken  his  theological  training  at  Drew, 
and  for  thirty-two  years  was  in  the  active  ministry,  having 
long  pastorates  at  First  Church,  Erie,  and  Trinity  Church.  Oil 
City.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  General  Conference  of  1904. 
He  became  assistant  editor  of  the  Pittsburgh  Christian  Ad- 
vocate in  1913.  Five  other  alumni  were  admitted  in  1881. 
C.  R.  Thoburn.  '8."),  went  to  India  for  three  years  and  then 
after  a  period  in  the  South  West  Kansas  Conference  was  from 
1891  to  1898  at  the  head  of  Puget  Sound  University.  His 
death  occurred  in  1899.  C.  M.  Miller,  '8."),  after  four  years  in 
India,  returned  to  America  to  the  Pittsburgh  Conference.  T. 
J.  Hamilton.  '85.  after  twenty  years  transferred  to  the  Colo- 
rado Conference.  A.  E.  Colgrove,  '81,  transferred  from  the 
Central  Pennsylvania,  and  was  discontinued  in  1887.  W.  M. 
Canfield.  '89,  transferi*ed  from  the  Central  Tennessee  and  later 
went  to  the  ^fontana  Conference,  where  he  died  in  1892. 

Dr.  W.  P.  Murray,  '8(i.  joined  the  Conference  the  year  of  his 
graduation  He  transferred  to  Nebraska  in  ]8!)2.  returning  to 
the  Erie  in  1899.  He  was  presiding  elder  of  the  Erie  District, 
ami  delegate  to  General  Conference  in  1!I04.  Dr.  S.  M.  Gor- 
don. '80.  has  been  an  elective  jiastoi'  thirty  years  and  is  now 
stationed  at  Chautan(ina.  N.  Y.  W.  H.  Trevy.  '88,  received 
from  the  West  A'irginia  Conference.  <lied  two  years  after  his 
admission.  B.  L.  Perry.  '8S,  came  from  tlie  West  Virginia 
Conference  and  is  now  stationed  at  Dubois. 

Dr.  .1.  M.  Thoburn.  Jr..  '81,  transferred  in  1888  from  the 
B(uigal  Conference,  and  was  stationed  at  Oil  City  four  years, 
then  going  to  the  Minnesota.  James  D.  Kna])]».  '81,  has  been 
active  many  years  and  now  is  at  Slciimburg.     Of  the  grouj) 

[   494   ] 


IlKSTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLECJE 

jKlniitted  in  1S8I).  H.  S.  Bates,  '7.'}.  is  now  retired  at  Woodlawii ; 
.1.  M.  Dohson,  '!»(),  went  to  the  (Jeneswi  Conference  and  was  dis- 
continued after  a  few  years;  .1.  M.  Farrell,  '1)1.  has  been  effec- 
tive a  quarter  of  a  century,  retirin<;  in  1914.  Four  of  the 
chiss  of  seven  ai»i)]yin^-  in  LSIK)  were  from  AUej^lieny.  (i.  S.  W. 
Phillips,  MIO,  has  been  a  faithful  ])astor  and  is  stationed  at 
(Mintonville.  .1.  G.  llarshaw,  'J)4,  after  a  period  in  Oklahoma, 
is  now  at  Urockwayville.  V.  F.  Dunkle,  '!jO,  retired  after  fif- 
teen years'  service.  (J.  T.  Robinson,  '1)1,  was  discontinued 
after  one  year.  Charles  L.  I'appenhaj^en,  '81,  came  in  181)1  as 
a  transfer  from  the  North  Ohio,  retiring  in  1904. 

Dr.  Elmer  E.  Higley,  '1)4:,  was  received  in  1892,  later  stud- 
ied at  Drew  and  after  some  years  transferred  to  the  West, 
now  beiuf*'  i)astor  of  (Irace  (.^hurch,  DesMoines.  Iowa.  G.  AV. 
Corey.  '92,  has  been  appointed  to  Espyville  and  H.  H.  Clare, 
'95,  is  continued  at  Stockton,  N.  Y.  A.  E.  Kyan,  '9."),  later 
transferred  to  Texas.  There  were  two  from  the  colle<!;e  to  en- 
ter the  Conference  in  1890.  E.  1).  Mowry,  '9;^,  after  a  score  of 
years  of  work,  is  now  at  West  Pittsburgh ;  S.  L.  Mills  was 
later  to  remove  to  the  I'ittsburgh  Conference.  Dr.  James  W. 
Campbell,  '98.  remained  in  the  Conference  until  1907.  where, 
after  study  abroad,  he  was  called  to  Xewtonville,  Mass. 

Horace  McKinney,  '95,  was  admitted  the  year  of  his  gradu- 
ation. He  later  studied  at  Boston.  His  able  ministry  was 
cut  short  by  death  in  1911.  Dr.  D.  (i.  Latshaw,  '95,  went  to 
Boston  School  of  Theology,  then  transferred  to  the  Cincin- 
nati Conference  and  in  1910  became  an  International  \'.  M.  C. 
A.  Secretar;\'.  E.  M.  Fradenburgh.  '95,  is  now  preaching  at 
Syke.sville.  E.  C.  Kickeid)rode,  '87,  came  in  1897  from  the 
Evangelical  Association.     He  is  now  stationed  at  Kinzua. 

Dr.  Xorris  A.  White.  95,  came  into  the  Erie  in  1898,  after 
a  divinity  course.  He  is  now  at  First  Church,  Warren.  The 
class  of  1899  had  seven  accessions  from  .Mlegheny.  S.  G.  Gil- 
lette, '99.  after  several  years  of  acceptable  ministry,  trans- 
ferred to  the  Michigan  Conference.  AY.  II.  Lofthouse.  '99,  re- 
moved to  the  (Jenesee.  George  N.  Gage,  '9(>,  after  completing 
a  theological  course  at  Boston,  remained  in  the  ("onference 
seven  years;  then  after  recovering  his  health  he  went  to  the 

[   495   ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

Dakota  Conference.  H.  K.  Steele,  '09.  is  now  the  pastor  at 
Waterford.  Dr.  K.  E.  Brown,  '01.  after  a  dozen  years,  trans- 
ferred to  the  Genesee  and  is  at  Asbnry  Church.  Rochester. 
E.  O.  Minnigh.  '81*.  came  by  transfer  and  is  now  stationed  at 
\'olant.  J.  ('.  A.  Borland.  '00.  after  a  long  and  prosperous 
pastorate  in  Erie,  has  gone  to  First  Church,  Dubois. 

John  E.  Roberts,  '00.  was  admitted  the  year  he  left  college. 
He  is  the  pastor  at  Falconer,  N.  Y.  S.  L.  Todd.  '05.  is  serv- 
ing the  charge  at  Fillmore.  -I.  R.  Rich.  'DO.  came  by  transfer 
at  this  time  and  is  now  stationed  at  Emlenton.  In  1001.  E. 
W.  Robinson,  '99,  was  accepted  and  now  serves  the  church  at 
Sherman,  N.  Y.  Dr.  L.  L.  Swisher,  '99,  after  his  theological 
course  joined  the  Conference  and  is  stationed  at  present  at 
First  Church,  Greenville.  H.  C.  Lytle,  '03,  later  transferred 
to  the  Newark  Conference.  A.  E.  Salisbury,  '04,  was  the  one 
addition  of  1902.     He  is  now  at  Busti,  N.  Y. 

A  quartette  came  from  the  College  in  1903.  J.  B.  Cook,  '02, 
was  a  transfer  from  "West  Virginia.  He  is  now  at  Girard.  E. 
W.  Springer,  '03,  serves  the  charge  at  Hazen.  AV.  .1.  Baldwin, 
'02,  had  been  in  the  Colorado  Conference.  He  is  now  statione<l 
at  Kingsley  Church,  Erie.  J.  W.  Frampton  was  discontinued 
after  a  year,  but  in  1907  again  was  received  on  trial.  He  fin- 
islied  at  college  in  1011  and  is  now  at  Venango.  The  two  ex- 
cellent accessions  of  100.")  were  Bruce  Wright,  '05,  now  gone 
to  Manila,  and  C.  (J.  Farr.  '06,  serving  E])Worth  Churcli,  New 
Castle. 

Three  alumni  were  adde<l  to  the  Erie  list  in  1000.  Lewis 
Bird.  'HH,  came  briefly  from  Central  New  York  and  j)assed  on 
to  the  Michigan  Conference.  W.  J.  Hewir.  '05.  now  serves  the 
charge  at  ForestviUe.  N.  Y.  Homer  B.  Davis.  '0(5.  is  stationed 
at  Ridgway.  In  the  class  of  1007.  II.  H.  Potter.  '01.  returne<l 
from  the  New  lOngland.  having  tirst  entered  the  ICi-ie  in  1!)01. 
lie  is  now  serving  with  distinction  at  BrookvilU\  R.  N.  Mer- 
rill. '04.  transferred  from  the  IMiiladelpliia  Conference.  He 
lias  been  thi-ce  yeai-s  at  \Vest field.  N.  Y.  ('Iiai-les  T.  Gnn'r.  '08. 
went  later  to  Drew  Scininai-y  an<l  is  now  at  North  l']ast.  E. 
D.  TIionij)son.  '02.  is  stationed  at  New  Kiclimond. 

Of  the  Conference  Class  of  I'.MKS.  ('.  ('.  Merrill.  '05.  is  sta- 

[    4!K;   1 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

tioned  at  Cattaraugus,  aud  W.  G.  Cole,  '09,  transferred  to  the 
Pittsburgh.  I.  E.  Kossell,  '12,  who  was  added  in  190!),  now 
serves  Panama,  N.  Y.  Earl  T.  English,  'KJ,  has  been  four 
years  at  Big  Kun.  D.  J.  Blasdell,  '13,  is  attending  theolog- 
ical school,  as  is  also  W.  A.  Godsave,  '15.  L.  K.  Elbel,  '14,  is 
located  at  Guys  Mills.  S.  L.  Maxwell,  '10,  was  received  in 
1915  from  the  New  England  Southern  Conference,  and  assigned 
to  Parker's  Landing.  Oliver  Gomall,  '15,  is  stationed  at 
Springfield. 

In  the  North-East  Ohio  Conference,  formerly  the  East 
Ohio  Conference,  there  are  enrolled  these  alumni  now  living: 
^.  S.  Winters,  '64,  for  thirty-one  years  effective;  Dr.  C.  H. 
Stocking,  'fiC,  an  effective  pastor  for  almost  a  half  century, 
many  years  a  member  of  the  Joint  Board  of  Control  of  the  col- 
lege, now  residing  at  Burton,  O. ;  Dr.  J.  A.  Wright,  '08,  living 
at  Bloomington,  Ind.,  after  thirty  years  of  labor. 

E.  B.  Wilson,  '78,  resides  at  Cleveland;  T.  H.  Taylor,  '82, 
is  stationed  at  Mechanicstown,  O. ;  Dr.  C.  L.  Smith,  '87,  is 
district  superintendent  at  Steubenville;  W.  L.  Askue,  '89, 
serves  Orangeville;  A.  K.  Elliott,  '01,  is  at  Garrettsville;  O.  H. 
Houser,  '08,  at  Woodland  Avenue,  Cleveland,  and  P.  B.  Schaff- 
ner,  '09,  at  Mentor. 

Tn  tlie  West  ^"i^ginia  Conference  are  found  Dr.  H.  D.  Clark, 
'78,  stationed  at  Bnckliannon  ;  l>r.  ^[.  F.  Comj)t<)n,  '81,  District 
Superintendent  at  Moundsville;  Di-.  James  11.  Bird,  '02,  tlie 
successful  pastor  at  Charleston,  and  Claude  H.  King,  '05,  at 
Terra  Alta. 

Other  Methodist  clerg;\'men  alumni  are,  Henry  Wilson,  '00, 
Chicago,  111.;  J.  A.  Simpson,  '00,  Kansas  City,  Kan.;  Dr.  J.  T. 
Biley,  '08,  District  Superintendent,  Muscogee,  Okla. ;  J.  E. 
Wright,  '70,  Beaver,  l*a. ;  Silas  Sprowls,  '71,  Los  Angeles, 
Calif.;  Dr.  W.  M.  Martin,  '75,  Hammond,  Ind.;  George  H. 
Huft'man,  '77,  Empire,  O. ;  J.  I'.  Brushingham,  '77,  South  Park, 
Chicago,  111.;  J.  S.  Trockmorton,  '81,  Derby,  Ta. ;  Dr.  J.  P. 
]\Iarlatt,  District  Superintendent,  Everett,  Wash. ;  Dr.  W.  F. 
Compton,  '82,  District  Superintendent,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.; 
E.  C.  Swartz,  '82,  Brockton,  Mass.;  Dr.  W.  P.  Grant,  '83,  Oak- 

[   497  1 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

land,  Calif. :  AV.  I.  Dice,  '84,  Wakh\ick,  N.  J. ;  S.  F.  Long,  '84, 
Naples.  N.  Y. ;  B.  F.  Wolff,  '84,  San  Fernando,  Calif. 

T.  J.  Hamilton,  '85,  Denver,  Col. ;  W.  B.  Primer,  '89,  Islip, 
Conn.;  T.  E.  Cramer.  '90,  Tilton,  N.  H. ;  Jerome  Greer,  '90, 
Niantic,  Conn. ;  W.  E.  Fetch,  '91,  Columbus,  O. ;  H.  H.  Critch- 
low,  *94,  Burnside,  Conn.;  J.  G.  Harsliaw,  '94,  Bartlesville, 
Okla.;  T.  AY.  McKinney,  "95,  Coatesville,  Pa.;  Dr.  N.  A.  Dar- 
ling, '90,  St.  Regis  Falls,  N.  Y. ;  Dr.  AY.  Pv.  Fruit,  '90,  Detroit, 
Mich.;  A.  E.  Ryan,  '90,  Port  Arthur,  Texas;  Dr.  AY.  E.  Thomp- 
son, '97,  AA^aterbury,  Conn. ;  AA".  H.  Lofthouse,  '99,  Monroe,  N. 
Y.;  Alfred  AAlcks,  '00,  Rantoul,  111. 

N.  P.  Champlin,  '00,  Spring  A\alley.  N.  Y. ;  D.  N.  F.  Blake- 
ney,  '01,  Pine  Hill.  N.  Y. ;  G.  R.  McDowell.  '02.  Steamboat,  Col. ; 
C.  B.  Croxall,  '03.  Bristol,  Ind. ;  A.  T.  Maxwell,  '03,  Galesburg, 
Kan.;C.  E.  Odell,  '93,  Milwaukee,  AAls.;  F.  C.  Reynolds,  '05, 
Govans,  Md. ;  R.  AA' .  Scouten,  '05,  AVhiting,  la. ;  H.  J.  AA'ood,  '05, 
Grandview,  AA^ash. ;  R.  T.  Doherty,  '05,  Spring^•ille,  N.  Y. ;  AV. 
H.  AA>rsen,  '05,  Eagle  Mills,  N.  Y. ;  L.  AA\  Swanson,  'OG,  New 
Boston,  N.  H. ;  F.  M.  Thompson,  '06,  Baltimore,  Md. ;  W.  S.  J. 
Dumville,  '06,  Galloway.  Neb. ;  Dr.  S.  AA\  Robinson,  '97,  Normal 
Park,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. ;  R.  S.  Rees,  '07,  AYinlock,  AA\ash. ;  A.  A. 
Reavely,  '98,  Bradford,  Pa.;  C.  D.  Purdy,  '08,  A^alois,  N.  Y. ; 
AV.  C.  Cravener.  '09.  New  York  City ;  H.  AA\  Fishel,  '09,  Barre, 
Ma.ss.;  R.  AY.  Plannette.  '09,  Berlin,  AAls. ;  J.  L.  Grandey,  '10, 
Everett,  AYash.;  AY.  L.  Stidger,  '10,  San  Franci.sco;  F.  E. 
AVilley,  '10,  Stanhope,  N.  J.;  P.  AI.  Hillman.,  '11,  Marion, 
Mass. ;  H.  T.  Lavely,  '12,  AA'e.st  Newbury,  Alass. ;  O.  A.  Par- 
menter,  '14,  Evanston,  111.;  J.  G.  Lane,  '15.  South  Boston,  Mass. 

These  alumni  are  Baptist  ministers:  AA'.  AA'.  Dewey,  '64, 
Chicago,  111. ;  O.  R.  Thomas,  '84,  Galva,  111. ;  G.  AY.  Hatch,  '80, 
Mahaffey.  Pa.;  J.  Alilton  Harris.  '01.  Las  A'ega.s,  N.  Alex.;  Mor- 
ton Sheldon,  '02,  AA\voming,  Pa. ;  F.  E.  Stockton,  '04,  Aladison, 
N.  Dak. 

Presbyterian  pastors  once  enrolled  at  Allegheny  are:  E.  P. 
Clark,  '67,  Detroit.  Mich.;  E.  P.  Robinson,  '75.  Sodus  Center, 
N.  A'.;  J.  H.  Alalcolm.  '77,  Chicago,  111.;  Dr.  C.  H.  Bruce,  '79, 
Matawan,  N.  J.;  E.  A.  Nelson,  '79,  Columbia  County,  N.  Y. ; 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

J)r.  Glenroie  McQueen.  '82,  New  Kiolimoiul,  (). ;  Charles  Nu- 
gent, '82,  Texas  City,  Tex. ;  Dr.  H.  C.  Foster,  '80,  Clifton,  O. ; 
A.  J.  Goodfrieiul,  '89,  Santa  Monica,  Calif.;  W.  S.  Douds,  '04, 
Meadville,  l»a.;  F.  H.  Mixsell,  '07,  Taconia,  Wash.;  L.  J.  Ben- 
nett, '02,  Barking  Kidge,  N.  J. ;  J.  C.  Hughes,  '08,  Baltimore, 
Md.,  and  L.  ^\.  Sherwin,  '08,  Oil  City,  l*a. 

l*rotestant  Episco])al  clergymen  of  the  alnmni  are:  C.  C. 
Hoskins,  '77,  Paris,  N.  Y. ;  J.  T.  Ewing,  '81,  Brooklyn,  Mich.; 
Andrew  Fleming,  '81,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. ;  K.  W.  Elliott,  '00, 
liahway,  N.  Y''.,  and  C.  A.  Langston,  '05,  Afton,  Va.  Lutheran 
ministers  are:  V.  O.  Boyer,  '03,  Cleveland,  O.,  and  R.  W.  E. 
Y'^eany,  '03,  Evans  City,  Pa.  United  Presbyterian,  F.  A.  Col- 
lins, '00,  Greensboro,  \'t. ;  A.  J.  Calvin,  '04,  Noblestown,  Pa.; 
R.  C.  Douds,  '9G,  Stoneboro,  Pa.,  and  J.  H.  Douds,  '07,  Home- 
stead, Pa. ;  W.  L.  Mclvinney,  '08,  Unitarian,  Geneseo,  111. 

IN  EDUCATION 

A  larger  proportion  of  the  alumni  of  Allegheny  has  gone 
into  higher  and  secondary  education  than  into  any  of  the  oth- 
er professions.  Many  of  the  students  of  the  early  decades 
gained  the  means  to  finish  their  course  by  teaching  in  the 
common  schools.  The  college  early  encouraged  its  graduates 
to  prepare  for  educational  work.  Its  representatives  have 
gone  into  far  scattered  fields  of  opportunity.  Today  they 
occupy  not  a  few  worthy  positions  of  trust  and  influence. 

Dr.  Cyrus  Nutt,  '36,  was  the  most  distinguished  educator 
among  the  alumni  of  the  first  quarter  of  a  century  of  the  col- 
lege. He  passed  in  1837  from  the  principalship  of  the  prepar- 
atory school  of  Allegheny  to  that  of  Indiana  Asbury  Universi- 
ty, now  DePauw,  becoming  later  professor  of  Greek.  After 
four  years  in  the  Methodist  ministry,  he  returned  to  Asbury, 
then  became  president  of  Ft.  Wayne  Female  College  in  1840. 
and  of  Whitewater  College  in  1850.  The  third  time  going 
back  to  Asbury  in  1857,  he  was  acting  president  until  the  in- 
auguration of  Dr.  BowTiian. 

The  most  important  work  of  Dr.  Nutt  in  education  began  in 
18G0,  when  for  fifteen  years  he  served  as  president  of  Indiana 
University.     The  State  institution  grew  steadily  in  enrollment, 

[  400  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

equipment  and  endowment  under  his  administration.  His 
success  was  recognized  by  the  University  of  Missouri  and  Han- 
over College  in  conferring  upon  him  the  honorary  degree  of 
LL.  D.  In  the  second  month  after  President  Nutt's  resigna- 
tion in  1875,  his  death  followed. 

Alexander  Martin,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.,  was  born  in  Nairn,  Scot- 
laud,  and  came  to  Ohio  as  a  boy  of  fourteen.  Nine  years  later 
in  1817  he  was  graduated  from  Allegheny  and  became  a  teach- 
er in  the  Northwestern 
Academy  at  Clarksburg, 
Va.  After  a  period  in  the 
ministry  he  was  elected 
professor  of  Greek  in  his 
alma  mater,  holding  the 
position  ten  years  until 
18G1.  Becoming  a  pastor 
at  Wheeling,  AV.  Va.,  he 
had  supervision  of  the 
hospital  work  in  the  war 
area  from  Maryland  to 
Tennessee. 

"When  West  Mrginia 
decided  to  create  a  state 
university.  Dr.  Martin  be- 
came   its    tirst    president. 

Dr.  Martin,  '47  r      j^\       £  a  i     4^ , 

In  the  lace  oi  many  obsta- 
cles he  rendered  heroic  services  to  higher  education.  He  gath- 
ered a  strong  faculty  about  him,  and  in  seven  years  laid  well 
the  foundations  of  a  useful  institution.  In  187.")  he  was  calle<l 
to  tlie  ju-esidency  of  Asbury  I'liiversity  at  (Jreencastle,  Ind. 
For  fourteen  years  he  ably  guided  its  fortunes  at  a  critical 
time  ill  its  history.  Large  financial  aid  was  pledged  and  the 
transition  ma<le  from  Asbury  to  DePauw  Fiiiversity. 

I'resident  Martin  liehl  the  chair  of  mental  and  moral  ]»hil- 
osojihy.  When  he  resigned  as  executive  in  1S8!).  he  became 
professor  of  systematic  tlieology.  retaining  the  ]»osition  until 
liis  death  in  ISl).",.     He  liad  a  chief  i>art  in  shajjiiig  the  educa- 

[   .-.00   ] 


HISTOliV  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

tioiial  i)olicy  of  the  Methodist  Church,  bciiij;  four  tiuios  a  nieui- 
ber  of  the  (Jeueral  ('oufereuce.  Dr.  ^Lirtiu  was  a  uian  of 
.strou*;  })eisonalily  and  larjfe  public  spii-it.  lie  was  a  leader 
in  many  reform  inovenieiits.  Pi-esident  .lohn  of  Del*auw  char- 
actei-ized  him  as  "one  haviiij;  a  backbone  an<l  a  conscience  run- 
ning- all  throujiii  it.'' 

])r.  O.  N.  Hartshorn,  '4!),  the  founder  of  ^ft.  Tuion  Collejife. 
was  born  in  ISl'L'  in  Ohio  and  attended  the  public  schools  of 
yii.  L^nion,  a  villaj^e  near  Alliance.  Before  coming  to  college 
at  Meadville,  he  had  started  a  select  school  in  the  loft  of  the 
villajJ!,e  Avoolen  mill  and  or<»anized  the  Mt.  Union  Academy  in 
J84(j.  The  tirst  building;  was  erected  by  a  stock  com])any. 
Later  the  t!;roAvin<»;  school  was  chaufjed  to  a  seminary  and  then 
received  a  charter  as  a  coUesje  in  IS.")!. 

Dr.  Hartshorn  associated  with  two  other  fjraduates  of  AUe- 
•jheny  saw  his  institution  flourish  and  f^ain  much  favor.  Tt 
was  taken  under  the  i)atronajjje  of  the  Methodist  ('hurch.  Its 
president  was  a  member  of  the  Pittsburgh  Conference  and  later 
of  the  East  Ohio.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  General  Conference 
of  1SG5.  He  continued  as  executive  of  Mt.  Union  until  LSST. 
when  he  retired  with  the  assurance  that  he  had  built  securely 
for  the  future.     His  life  ended  Sept.  17.  IDOl. 

James  Marvin,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  T)!,  was  a  fourth  alumnus  to 
become  president  of  an  institution  of  higher  learning.  His  la- 
bors from  187.")  to  188.')  in  behalf  of  the  University  of  Kansas 
gave  a  permanent  im])etus  to  education  in  the  state. 

George  AV.  Clarke,  A.M.,  Ph.D.,  '51,  a  nephew  of  l^rofessor 
G.  W.  Clarke,  '3.").  was  nominated  by  l*resideut  .John  Barker  in 
1854,  for  a  place  in  Mt.  Union  College,  where  he  continued  in 
the  faculty  forty-eight  years.  He  taught  the  natural  sciences 
and  created  the  museum.  Dr.  Clarke  was  fourteen  years  vice- 
president  of  the  college  and  pi'esident  in  1887-8.  He  was  for 
twenty  years  treasurer  of  the  college  and  secretary  of  the  board 
of  trustees  sixteen  years.  He  was  a  man  of  large  usefulness  and 
universally  beloved  by  the  constituency  of  Mt.  T'nion.  His  death 
came  Jan.  5,  1907. 

Professor  Tra  O.  Cha])man,  '51,  was  a  college  companion  of 
Dr.  (^larke,  '51,  from  the  same  Ohio  county.  Portage.     He  was 

r  501  1 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

a  member  of  the  Allegheny  trio  that  contributed  so  signally  to 
the  making  of  Mt.  Union  College.  The  main  building  is  named 
in  his  honor.  He  was  professor  of  classics  from  1851  until  his 
death. 

John  F.  Eberhart,  A.M..  LL.D.,  '53,  went  to  Illinois  after 
his  graduation  and  became  a  pioneer  in  public  education.  He 
was  superintendent  of  schools  in  Cook  County,  1859-69.  He 
was  the  editor  of  school  publications  and  promoted  legislation 
favorable  to  education.  His  labors  resulted  in  the  creation  of 
the  county  normal  schools.  He  was  interested  in  the  profes- 
sion until  his  death,  Jan.  13,  1914,  at  the  age  of  eighty-five,  be- 
ing the  oldest  life  member  of  the  National  Educational  Asso- 
ciation. Dr.  Eberhart  out  of  his  business  successes  made  gen- 
erous gifts  to  his  alma  mater. 

Professor  Ephraim  Miller,  Ph.D.,  after  his  graduation  in 
1855  served  as  superintendent  of  schools  of  Youngstown  and 
Findlay,  Ohio,  and  of  Lawrence,  Kan.  He  was  elected  in  1874 
to  the  chair  of  mathematics  and  astronomy  in  the  University  of 
Kansas,  a  position  he  held  for  thirty-six  years,  being  then  made 
emeritus  professor.  He  now  resides  in  Pasadena,  Calif.  Dr. 
Miller  was  also  dean  of  the  College  of  Liberal  Arts  and  Sciences 
from  1895  to  1903.  He  is  the  member  of  several  learned  socie- 
ties. He  is  the  author  of  a  text  on  trigonometry  and  a  con- 
tributor to  scientific  publications. 

Chancellor  ]\[ilton  B.  Goff,  LL.D.,  '55,  was  born  in  Se- 
wickley  in  1831.  After  learning  the  trade  of  printer,  he  en- 
tered college,  distinguished  himself  in  mathematics  under  the 
guidance  of  Professor  Kingsley.  After  graduation  he  at  once 
began  his  life  career  of  a  teacher,  serving  at  Madison  College, 
North  Illinois  University  and  elsewhere.  In  1865  he  took  the 
cliair  of  mathematics  in  Western  University  of  Pennsj'lvania, 
a  position  he  held  for  seventeen  years.  Then  his  alma  mater 
called  him  to  Mea<lville  where  as  professor  of  mathematics 
and  astronomy  for  two  years  his  work  was  prosecuted  with 
much  enthusiasm  and  favor. 

The  Western  University,  now  known  as  the  I'niversity  of 
Pittsburgh,  summoned  him  back  in  1884  to  its  executive  chair 
and  here  for  six  years  his  administration  was  attended  with 

[  •"'>02  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLE(JE 

large  success,  tlie  institution  entering  the  new  building  on  Ob- 
servatory Hill  on  the  North  side.  The  Chancellor  spent  a  year 
studying  European  Universities  and  prepared  plans  for  the  ad- 
vancement of  Pittsburgh  interests  in  higher  education.  While 
visiting  the  Homestead  mills  in  company  with  foreign  engi- 
neers he  met  with  an  accident,  and  later  his  death  came  un- 
expectedly, Nov.  8,  1890. 

Dr.  Gotf  was  one  of  the  prominent  mathematicians  of  his 
time,  being  the  author  of  seven  text  books  on  the  subject.  He 
also  wrote  occasionally  upon  astronomy.  This  distinguished 
alumnus  of  Allegheny  was  an  active  member  of  the  Methodist 
Church  and  a  man  of  high  Christian  character.  He  was  noted 
as  a  sound  counsellor  in  private  and  public  affairs  and  was 
widely  esteemed  for  his  social  qualities.  His  influence  on  the 
growing  university  at  Pittsburgh  is  an  enduring  testimonial 
of  his  worth. 

Rev.  Alfred  D.  Lee,  '."SO,  was  the  founder  and  first  president 
of  New  Market  College  in  Ohio,  chartered  in  1870,  changed  to 
Scio  College  in  1877.  The  school  gained  early  publicity  as 
"The  One  Study  University."  Rev.  Edward  Ellison,  '50,  suc- 
ceeded Lee  in  the  presidency  in  1878. 

Professor  Adam  C.  Hickman,  '62,  studied  law  in  the  Union 
Law  College  of  Cleveland,  O.,  and  was  engaged  in  the  active 
practice  thirty-three  years  in  Minnesota.  He  was  probate 
judge  of  Owatonna.  1809-72.  He  became  professor  of  Pleading 
and  Practice  in  the  College  of  Law,  irniversity  of  Minnesota 
in  1890,  and  continued  until  1913.  A  portion  of  this  period  he 
was  acting  dean.     He  now  resides  in  Minneapolis. 

Colonel  James  Riley  Weaver,  '03,  received  his  diploma  when 
he  was  fighting  in  the  Eigtheenth  Penn.sylvania  Cavalry,  lead- 
ing a  company.  He  saw  much  severe  service  and  was  captured 
in  1803,  being  held  in  Libby  Prison  and  elsewhere  a  year  and 
a  half.  He  was  made  brevet  colonel  upon  his  release.  After 
the  war  he  finished  a  course  of  study  in  Garrett  Biblical  Insti- 
tute. He  took  a  position  for  two  years  in  West  Mrginia 
University,  as  instructor  in  matheniatics  and  military 
science. 

The  young  j»i*ofessor  in  1809  married  a  daughter  of  Bishop 

[  r>03  ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 


Col.  Weaver,  '63 


Matthew  i^imj)son  and  entered 
the  consular  service.  He  was 
ten  years  U.  S.  consnl  at  Ant- 
werp, and  then  promoted  to 
be  consul  general  at  Vienna, 
retnrnino-  to  America  in  1885. 
In  these  important  stations 
the  efficiency  of  Colonel 
Weaver  was  mnch  praised. 
For  the  following-  thirty  years 
lie  has  been  a  hio-hly  esteemed 
mendier  of  the  facnlty  of  De- 
Pauw  University,  tilling  first 
the  chair  of  modern  langnages 
and  political  philosophy. 

From  180.3  to  1008,  he  was 
l^rofessor  of  political  science  and  sociology,  and  of  political 
and  economic  science,  1908-11.  In  recent  yeftrs  he  has  been 
IM'(>fessor  emeritns  of  ]K)litical  science.  He  has  written  con- 
siderably npon  economic  and  political  snbjects  and  is  noted 
as  an  efficient  lectnrer.  The  fine  (pialities  of  cnltnre,  conrtesy 
and  Christian  ])ersonality  blend  most  happily  in  Colonel 
AVeaver. 

IJev.  W.  Kennedy  Brown,  D.I).,  '(»:),  went  from  the  IMtts- 
l>nrg]i  lo  tlie  Cincinnati  Conference  and  was  elected  president 
of  Die  Wesleyan  Female  College  of  Cincinnati,  serving  from 
18S2  to  1802,  with  mnch  success.  He  was  one  of  the  organ- 
izers of  the  National  I*i-ohibition  party  and  the  editor  for  a 
time  of  Hie  :Mo.\it(>k.     He  died  Oct.  21),  1!)1,"). 

Kev.  John  Wlieelei*,  '41,  was  ])resident  of  Baldwin  Uni- 
versity. Hon.  y.  M.  Kice,  '41,  New  York  State  Su|)erintendent 
of  Schools;  IM-of.  .Iose])h  Tingley,  '42,  the  vice  i>resident  of  As- 
bnry  Cnivei-sity;  A.  T.  Miller.  '41.  ]»i'ofessor  in  Centenai-y  Col- 
lege, La.,  ami  .1.  I*.  Gould,  '~u,  in  Marietta  College. 

Kev.  .John  A.  Sim]>son.  A.M.,  '(>(),  after  teaching  in  IMatts- 
bui-gh  College.  Mo.,  was  elected  in  18(;!>  ]»resident  of  Baker  Uni- 
vei-sitv.   Kansas,   returning  latei*  to   tlie  active  ministi-v.     Dr. 


')(>4 


II I  STORY  OF  ALLE(;]1ENY  ('OLLEGE 

K.  M.  Freshwater,  '(h,  was  clioseii  president  of  Baldwin  Uni- 
versity at  Berea,  O.,  in  ISOG,  and  liad  a  successful  administra- 
tion during-  wliich  Hulet  Hall  donniloi-y  for  women  was 
erected. 

William  ^I.  Todd,  '(IS,  was  i)rolessor  (»f  mathematics  in  Cur- 
ry Institute,  IMttsburjj^h,  at  the  time  of  his  death  in  180(>.  Kev. 
C.  W.  ])arrow,  '(J!),  was  professor  of  Bible  in  I'uget  Soun<l 
University  from  ISIU-T.  Dr.  N.  N.  Holmes,  '70,  was  president 
of  IMttsburgh  Female  College  and  of  Beaver  College,  181>G-8. 

Dean  Frank  O.  Marvin,  '71,  was  born  in  Alfred,  N.  Y.,  in 
1S!)2.  After  his  graduation  he  saw  active  service  as  a  civil 
engineer.  In  1875  he  went  to  his  western  position  first  as  an 
assistant  in  mathematics  and  physics,  but  ''maker  of  men"  was 
the  title  later  given  to  him  by  the  students  of  the  Engineering 
School  of  the  University  of  Iv.insas.  It  stands  above  his  de- 
grees and  honors  as  the  estimate 
of  his  life  work.  He  received  tlu^ 
formal  title  of  professor  of  engi- 
neering in  1883,  but  he  w^as  in 
reality  the  department,  teaching 
all  the  subjects.  He  laid  solid 
foundations  and  his  boys  went 
forth  in  an  era  of  expansion  to 
positions  of  leadership. 

With  the  better  ecpiipment  of 
the  University,  I*rofessor  Mar 
vin  became  dean  of  the  enlarged 
school,  serving  from  181)1  to 
11)13.  Ill  health  brought  his  re- 
tirement, an  allowance  being 
granted  by  the  Carnegie  founda-  ^ean  Marvin. '7i 

tion.  Death  came  Feb.  (>,  IDIT).  A  nmrble  bust  was  unveiled 
at  Lawrence  in  June  in  honor  of  his  fin-ty  years  service  i:i 
Kansas.  His  exceptional  influence  in  the  T'niversity  was  due 
to  his  personal  interest  in  the  students,  his  rare  judgment  of 
the  capacity  of  men  and  his  i)Ower  to  instil  high  ideals  of 
scholarship  and  service.     Dean  ^larvin  was  a  musician  and  an 

[  505  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

artist  of  merit  and  an  active  Christian  layman.  He  was  the; 
national  president  of  Sigma  Xi  Society  in  1910-11. 

Dean  E.  G.  Hogate,  LL.D.,  '72,  was  born  in  New  Jersey  in 
1849.  After  graduation  he  studied  law  and  was  engaged  in 
the  practice  of  his  profession  over  thirty  years  in  Indiana, 
gaining  prominence  in  political  councils.  He  was  State  Sena- 
tor, 1896-1900.  He  became  professor  of  law  in  the  University 
of  Indiana  in  1903,  and  in  1905  was  made  dean  of  the  School 
of  Law,  a  position  he  retains  with  honor. 

Dr.  Wilbur  G.  Williams,  '75,  after  his  resignation  of  the 
presidency  of  Allegheny  in  1889,  became  the  pastor  of  Broad 
Street  M.  E.  Church  in  Columbus,  O.,  and  of  Union  Church,  St. 
Louis.  Death  came  to  him  April  16,  1897,  just  as  he  had  re- 
signed from  the  second  appointment. 

Professor  John  S.  McKay,  Ph.  D.,  '76,  after  graduation, 
taught  science  in  the  State  Normal  Schools  of  Indiana,  and 
Lock  Haven.  For  the  past  twenty-five  years  he  has  been  the 
director  of  the  department  of  physics  and  mathematics  of  the 
Packer  Institute,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y".  He  has  been  a  frequent  lec- 
turer before  the  Brooklyn  Institute  and  Cooper  Union  on  scien- 
tific topics. 

Professor  Emory  M.  Wood,  Ph.  D.,  '79,  taught  in  the  public 
and  normal  schools  until  1887,  when  he  became  professor  of 
Mathematics  and  Astronomy  in  Baker  University,  Kansas,  for 
fourteen  years.  He  was  then  invited  to  Albion  College,  where 
his  previous  success  as  a  teacher  was  brilliantly  sustained.  His 
work  was  ended  in  the  prime  of  life  and  usefulness,  Nov.  6, 
1903. 

Professor  Will)nr  W.  Thoburn,  IMi.  D.,  '81,  was  called  from 
the  faculty  of  the  University  of  the  Pacific  to  take  a  unique  po- 
sition in  Leland  Stanford  University,  shortly  after  its  found- 
ing. He  was  made  professor  of  Bionomics.  His  toacliing  is 
summarized  in  a  small  volume  eniitled  *'In  Tei-ms  of  Life.'' 
He  ministered  to  the  student  religious  interests  with  peculiar 
]>ower.  He  died  Jan.  9,  1899.  after  a  brief  illness.  A  tablet  in 
the  university  jireserves  the  menior}'  of  his  work. 

President  F.  (\  Sonthwortli,  D.D.,  LL.l)..  '84,  completed 
his  college  course  at  Ilai'vard.     After  teaching  in  Worcester 

[  506   1 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLECmENY  COLLEGE 

and  Quiucy.  Mass.,  he  was  ordained  in  tlie  Unitarian  ministry. 
He  served  pastorates  in  Dulutli  and  (Miicaf»;o  and  became  sec- 
retary of  the  "Western  Unitarian  Conference  in  ISDO.  He  be- 
came president  of  tlie  Meadville  Theological  School  in  11)02  and 
continues  to  direct  its  interests  with  marked  success.  Dr. 
Southworth  is  also  professor  of  Practical  Theology. 

Chancellor  Crawford  R.  Thobnrn,  '85,  was  born  in  India 
avid  brought  by  his  father.  Bishop  J.  M.  Thobnrn,  to  America  to 
be  educated.  After  his  graduation  ill  health  allowed  him  but 
two  years  in  India.  In  1892  he  became  chancellor  of  Paget 
Sound  University  at  Tacoma.  Under  his  administration  the 
institution  largely  recovered  from  its  reverses.  In  1898  it  was 
endeavored  to  combine  it  with  Portland  University,  but  the 
Chancellor  resigned  to  become  the  pastor  of  Centenary  Church, 
Portland.     His  death  came  suddenly  May  1,  1899. 

Dean  Thomas  A.  Edwards,  'SG,  after  teaching  in  the  public 
schools  became  principal  of  the  preparatory  department  of 
Bucknell  University  in  189G.  He  was  chosen  professor  of  ped- 
agogy later  and  made  dean  of  the  University  in  1907.  His 
career  was  cut  short  by  death,  Dec.  29,  1914. 

Dean  Charles  H.  Haskins,  Ph.  D.,  LL.  D.,  after  his  junior 
year,  completed  his  course  at  Johns  Hopkins  University  and 
took  his  doctorate  in  1890.  He  was  for  ten  years  professor  of 
lOuropean  history  in  the  University  of  Wisconsin.  In  1902,  he 
became  professor  of  history  in  Harvard  and  in  1912  Guruey 
professor  of  history  and  political  science.  He  has  been  dean 
of  the  Harvard  Graduate  School  of  Arts  and  Sciences  since 
1908.  Dr.  Haskins  is  a  member  of  several  learned  societies. 
He  has  spent  much  time  in  historical  research  in  Europe  and 
is  an  authority  on  Anglo-Norman  institutions.  He  is  a  writer 
on  mediaeval  topics  and  the  author  of  the  "Government  of  Nor- 
mandy under  Henry  IT."  ''The  Normans  in  Europe,"  and  other 
studies. 

Dean  Thomas  C.  Blaisdell,  A.M.,  Ph.D.,  '88.  after  serving  as 
professor  of  English  literature  and  pedagogy  in  tlie  City  Normal 
School  of  Pittsburgh  from  1897  to  190(),  took  the  professorial 
chair  in  literature  in  Michigan  Agricultural  College  until  1912. 
He  then  became  president  of  Alma  College  for  three  years  and  in 

F  507  1 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

101.")  I'etiinied  to  Pennsylvaiiia,  entering'  the  responsible  office 
of  dean  of  the  State  College.  Dr.  Blaisdell  is  the  anthor  of 
several  texts  on  English  rhetoric  and  composition,  tlie  Teach- 
er's Handbook  and  "the  Kenaissance  of  the  Denominational 
College.'' 

Professor  Gaylard  H.  Patterson.  Ph.D.,  '88,  received  his 
doctorate  at  Y'ale  in  1890.  He  also  completed  theological 
stndies  in  Boston  University  and  became  a  ^lethodist  pastor 
for  fifteen  years.  In  1007  he  was  made  professor  of  economics 
in  "Willamette  L'niversity ;  in  1010  he  became  dean  and  took  the 
chair  of  social  sciences.  Since  1014  he  has  been  professor  of 
sociolog;v  in  the  University  of  AVisconsin. 

Rev.  William  Charles  Jason.  A.M..  D.D.,  '88,  president  of 
Delaware  State  College  for  colored  yonth  at  Dover,  Delaware, 
is  one  of  the  two  gradnates  of  the  negro  race  from  Allegheny. 
He  was  born  in  ALiryland  in  18.")0  of  free  parents  and  leanied 
Ihe  barber's  trade.  Becoming  a  Christian,  he  went  to  Genesee 
Wesleyan  Seminary  and  graduated  with  honors  in  1884.  AVhile 
in  college  he  excelled  in  oratory  and  debate.  re]»resenting  his 
literary  society  three  times.  He  supported  himself  by  his 
labors  and  after  graduation  went  to  Drew  Seminary,  where  he 
i-ontinued  his  notable  record.  After  a  few  years  in  the  pastor- 
ate, in  180.")  he  assumed  the  educational  position  he  now  holds. 

Professor  A.  G.  Fradeid)urgh,  Ph.  D.,  '00,  took  his  doctorate 
at  the  University  of  Wisconsin.  He  became  instructor  in  Lake 
I""'orest  I'niversity,  then  went  in  1800  to  Adel]»lii  College, 
Brooklyn,  where  he  is  professor  of  history. 

Dean  Charles  C.  Freeman,  A.  M.,  IMi.  D..  '01.  after  gradua- 
tion taught  in  Dickinson  Seminary  and  then  took  gi-aduat^^ 
work  at  Johns  Ho]>kins  T'niversity.  He  became  juofessor  of 
chemistry  and  mathematics  in  Westminster  College,  New 
Wilmington,  I*a.,  in  1804,  and  in  1002  of  chemistry  alone.  At 
the  same  time  he  assumed  the  duties  of  dean,  an  ottice  which  he 
tills  with  marked  ability. 

Professor  Herbert  W.  Band,  A.  M.,  Ph.  D.,  'On.  after  teach- 
ing in  Oil  City,  took  his  doctorate  at  Hai'var<l.  He  was  made 
first  instructoi-  in  zoology  in  TLirvard,  then  assistant  profess- 
or.     He  lias  also  been    lecturer  at    Wellesh'V   College.     He  is 

\    .-»08    1 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

tlie  author  of  various  papers  on  regeneration  of  animals  and 
experimental  morphology. 

Benjamin  A.  Heydrick,  A.  M.,  '93,  after  graduate  study  at 
Harvard  University,  became  professor  of  English  in  the  Mil- 
lersville  State  Normal  School.  He  is  no\v  head  of  the  Eng- 
lish ])epartment  of  the  High  School  of  Commerce,  New  York 
City.  He  is  the  author  of  "Short  Studies  in  Composition,'" 
"One  Y'ear's  Course  in  English  and  American  Literature/' 
'*How  to  Study  Literature'"  and  "Types  of  the  Short  Story". 

Kev.  Arthur  L.  Staples,  D.  I).,  '94,  after  a  theological  course 
at  Drew  and  a  brief  pastorate,  became  the  president  of  Beaver 
College  in  LS9S.  He  continued  as  its  able  executive  until  1907, 
when  after  a  year's  study  abroad  he  resumed  active  work  in 
the  Pittsburgh  Conference. 

l*rofessor  Frederick  S.  Breed,  I'h.  D.,  '98,  after  notable  suc- 
cess in  high  school  work,  became  the  principal  of  Alden  Acad- 
emy of  Allegheny  College  in  190G.  Later  he  pursued  graduate 
studies  in  psychology  in  Harvard  and  abroad,  gaining  his  doc- 
torate in  1912.  He  is  now  assistant  jjrofessor  of  education  in 
Michigan. 

Kev.  Koderick  Norton.  '45,  was  the  president  of  Upper  Iowa 
University,  1872-;).  Julius  Lee,  '53,  taught  in  Jefiferson  Col- 
lege, Miss.  1*.  S.  Bancroft,  '55,  was  professor  of  classics  in 
Madison  College,  1850-8.  TJev.  Joseph  Uncles,  '58,  was  a  mem- 
l)er  of  the  faculty  of  Ma<lison  College.  Jonathan  Bowley,  '59, 
taught  in  the  L^niversity  of  Dakota,  1895-8.  James  Eldon,  '71, 
Ph.  D.,  is  professor  of  mathematics  in  the  State  Normal  School 
at  Shii)]>ensburg.  W.  O.  Allen,  Ph.  D.,  '70,  is  a  professor  in 
Di-ury  College,  Springfield,  Mo.  IJev.  .1.  A.  Hovis,  '78,  served 
as  vice  ])resident  of  Ped  Piver  Valley  T^niversity. 

Hyre  D.  Clark,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.,  '78,  was  president  of  Hedding 
College.  Illinois,  in  189(1-8.  Pev.  Wellington  Bowser,  '79,  was 
president  of  Albuquerque  College,  N.  Mex.  Miss  Ida  Josephine 
Henderson.  "81,  is  instructor  in  English  in  the  Oshkosh  Normal 
School,  Wis.  Pev.  S.  E.  Pyan,  '82,  is  president  of  Arkansas 
Conference  College.  ,Miss  Clementine  Calvin.  '82,  was  pro 
fessor  of  German  and  elocution  in  ^loiiniouth  College,  Illinois, 

[   509   ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

]  892-1904.     Charles  T.  Fox,  '85,  Ph.  D.,  is  professor  of  phil 
osophy  and  German  in  Findlay  College,  Ohio. 

Joseph  H.  Apple.  D.I).,  '85,  is  president  of  Hood  College. 
Frederick,  Md.  W.  M.  Wilson,  '87,  is  professor  of  meteorology 
in  Cornell  University.  H.  J.  Hotchkiss,  '88,  M.  M.  E.,  is  pro 
fessor  of  physics  in  Drexel  Institute,  Philadelphia.  W.  L.  Sit- 
ing, Ph.  D.,  '90,  was  head  master  of  the  Ohio  Military  Institute 
from  1899  to  1904,  making  it  a  model  school  in  the  middle 
west.  Edward  Kurtz,  '92,  is  assistant  professor  in  mining  in 
Columbia  University.  Miss  Clara  Campbell,  '95,  Ph.  D.,  after 
graduate  study  abroad,  is  instructor  in  Simmons  College. 

Rev.  ^\.  J.  Lowstuter,  D.  D.,  '98,  after  studj-ing  in  Boston 
University  and  Germany,  became  professor  of  theologj'  in  the 
iiiff  School,  Denver,  Col.  Dana  B.  Casteel,  Ph.  D.,  '99,  receiv- 
ing his  doctorate  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  has  been 
assistant  professor  of  biolog\'  in  the  University  of  Texas  since 
1908.  Edward  G.  Rohrbaugh,  '00,  is  the  efficient  principal  of 
the  Glenville  Normal  School,  West  Virginia. 

Professor  Roger  H.  Motten,  '01,  after  teaching  in  the  North- 
side  High  School,  Denver,  Col.,  became  professor  of  English  in 
Westminster  College,  Col.,  and  now  holds  the  English  chair  in 
Colorado  College.  W.  H.  Franklin,  '03,  after  graduate  work 
in  Harvard  became  registrar  and  instructor  in  rhetoric  in 
Marshall  College,  W.  Va.  Don  Derickson,  C.  E.,  '04,  is  profes- 
sor of  engineering  in  Tulane  University. 

Miss  Helen  McClintock,  "04,  is  Dean  of  Women  of  Gene^a 
College,  Beaver  Falls,  I*a.,  and  professor  of  German.  George 
H.  Shafer,  '04,  after  stud}'  in  psychology  in  Clark  University,  is 
head  of  the  Department  of  Education  in  West  Virginia  Normal 
School  at  Fairmount.  Ira  D.  Hyskell,  '05,  after  graduate  work 
at  Yale,  became  professor  of  classics  at  Hedding  College,  and 
in  1913,  professor  of  Latin  in  Carleton  College,  Northfield. 
Minn. 

Frank  E.  Baker.  '05,  after  holding  a  fellowship  in  Harvard 
and  being  instructor  in  chemistT•^•  at  the  Brooklyn  Polytechnic 
Institute,  became  principal  of  tlie  State  Normal  School  at  Ed- 
inboro  in  1911.  Benjamin  W.  VanRiper,  Ph.  D.,  '05,  received 
his  degree  at  Boston  University.     Tie  was  professor  of  philos- 

[  510  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEOIir^NY  COLLEGE 

ophy  at  Nebraska  Weslej-an  from  11)00  to  1012.  After  a  year 
in  Germany  he  took  the  chair  of  philosophy  in  Boston  Univer- 
sity and  in  1015  became  professor  in  Pennsylvania  State  Col- 
lege. 

John  Raymond  Crawford,  'OG,  after  graduate  work  in  Har- 
vard and  foreign  study  in  Munich,  Grenoble  and  Rome,  being 
Fellow  of  the  American  Academy  in  Rome,  became  in  1012  in- 
structor in  classical  philology  at  Columbia  University.  Don. 
S.  S.  Goodloe,  'OG,  is  principal  of  the  Maryland  Normal  and  In- 
dustrial School,  Bowie,  Md. 

Frank  T.  Stockton,  Ph.  D.,  '07,  after  holding  successively 
scholarship  and  fellowship,  received  his  doctorate  at  Johns 
Hopkins  Universit}'.  He  became  instructor  in  economics  in  the 
University  of  Rochester  in  1011  and  went  to  the  University  of 
Indiana  as  assistant  professor  in  1013.  He  is  the  author  of 
"The  Closed  Shop"  and  "The  History  of  the  International 
Molders'  Union".  Earl  W.  Giesey,  '08,  is  principal  of  the  pre- 
paratory school  of  Puget  Sound  College.  Miss  Hazel  Bullock, 
'00,  after  study  in  the  Universities  of  Paris  and  Grenoble,  be- 
came professor  of  Romance  Languages  in  Washburn  College, 
1012. 

Elmer  H.  Wilds,  '10,  after  graduate  work  in  Harvard, 
taught  the  classics  in  William  and  Vashti  College  and  is  now 
professor  of  Greek  and  Latin  in  Dakota  Wesleyan  College.  L. 
M.  Hickernell,  Ph.  D.,  '10,  took  his  degree  at  Princeton  Univer- 
sity in  1014,  and  is  instructor  in  zoology  in  Syracuse  University. 
H.  R.  Harper,  10,  after  study  in  Boston  University  and  Ber- 
lin, became  instructor  in  the  Boston  School  of  Theolog}^  W. 
G.  Hayes,  '13,  is  instructor  in  the  Polish  College,  Cambridge 
Springs,  Pa.  E.  J.  Hall,  '13,  P.  H.  Nichols,  '14,  C.  L.  Mul- 
finger,  '15,  are  instructors  in  Penna  State  College. 

James  L.  Pentz,  '03,  is  State  School  Inspector  of  Pennsyl- 
vania. Clyde  S.  Knapp,  '04,  is  superintendent  of  Warren  Coun- 
ty schools ;  P.  D.  Blair,  '04,  of  Crawford  County  schools ;  C.  F. 
Stewart,  '00,  Trumbull  County,  Ohio. 

The  following  are  superintendents  of  city  school  systems: 
H.  S.  Kennedy,  '55,  Lebanon,  Tenn. ;  N.  P.  Kingsley,  'GS,  Frank- 
lin, Pa. ;   C.  W.  Deane,  '84,  Bridgeport,  Conn. ;  H.  V.  Hotchkiss, 

[  511  J 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

'84:,  Akrou,  O. ;  T,  S.  Vickerman,  '85,  Sharpsville,  Pa. ;  C.  P. 
Lyuch,  Ph.  D.,  '86,  Lakewood,  O. ;  J.  B.  Kichey,  Ph.  D.,  '89,  Mo- 
Keesport,  Pa. ;  R.  T.  Adams,  '91,  Warren,  Pa. ;  John  A.  Gibson, 
'91,  Butler,  Pa.;  J.  D.  Boyston,  '92,  Arnold,  Pa.;  L.  E.  York, 
'92,  Massilon,  O. ;  Frederick  X.  Frits,  '96,  Clairton,  Pa. ;  Silas 
C.  Kimm,  Ph.  D.,  '96,  Dolgeville,  N.  Y. ;  A.  D.  Horton,  '98. 
Wellsville,  Pa.;  Howard  G.  Burdge,  '00,  Wellsville,  N.  Y.;  I. 
N.  Salisbury,  '00,  Ashtabula,  O. ;  Charles  B.  Persell,  '00,  Lake- 
wood,  N.  Y. ;  T.  F.  Tabor,  '02,  Lambertville,  N.  J. ;  T.  T.  Allen, 
'02,  Vandergrift,  Pa.;  R.  D.  Leffingwell,  '02,  Cortland,  O.;  L. 
A.  Marsh,  '03,  Edgewood,  Pa.;  C.  J.  Scott,  '0.5,  Wilmington, 
Del. ;  C.  R.  Dye,  '06,  Franklinville,  N.  Y. ;  W.  S.  Taft,  Roches- 
ter, Pa. ;  F.  L.  Knapp,  '09.  Cambridge  Springs,  Pa. ;  E.  R. 
Gehr,  '09,  Waterford,  Pa.,  and  W.  J.  McQuiston,  '09,  North 
East,  Pa. ;  S.  A.  Drake,  '78,  is  head  of  the  Erie  Business  School. 
The  following  are  principals  of  High  Schools :  F.  E.  Fen- 
no,  '87,  Hallstead,  Pa. ;  E.  M.  Mixer,  '89,  Columbus,  Pa. ;  H.  M. 
Barrett,  '90,  East  Side,  Denver,  Col. ;  C.  M.  Dickey,  '93,  Con- 
neaut  Lake;  S.  C.  Humes,  '93,  Union  City;  H.  W.  Goodwin, 
'96,  Turtle  Creek,  Pa. ;  E.  E.  Smith,  '97,  Calexico,  Calif. ;  J.  F. 
Bower,  '98,  McKeesport,  Pa. ;  S.  A.  Cooper,  '99,  Stoneboro,  Pa. ; 
M.  J.  Miller,  '00,  New  Castle,  Penn.;  George  A.  Persell,  '00, 
Jamestown,  N.  Y. ;  E.  G.  Royce,  '02,  Stoughton,  Mass.;  Her- 
bert J.  Stockton,  '04,  Johnstown,  Pa.;  C.  A.  VanSlyke,  '05,  Na- 
tional Preparatory  Academy,  Highland  Falls,  N.  Y. ;  Goffrey 
A.  Lyon,  '06,  Clyde,  O. ;  E.  P.  Barmore,  '06,  Easton,  N.  Y. ; 
Stanley  Bright,  '07,  Smethport,  Pa.;  Lame  F.  Smith,  '07, 
Shawano,  Wis.;  Fred  B.  Cooley,  '08,  Fox  Lake.  Wis.;  J.  D. 
Pratt,  '08,  Vandergrift,  Pa.;  Frederick  Bright,  '10,  Ambridge, 
Pa.;  John  W.  Fox,  '10,  Girard,  Pa.;  G.  W.  Mead,  '11,  Bergen- 
field,  N.  J.;  J.  F.  Sayre,  '11,  Princeton,  N.  J.;  C.  E.  Hilborn, 
'11,  Coraopolis,  Pa.;  O.  H.  Bodenhorn,  '72,  Lock  Haven,  Pa.; 
A.  R.  McClure,  '12,  Cle  Elum,  Wash.;  p:dith  DeLand,  '13, 
Fiewsburg,  N.  Y. ;  A.  A.  Rea,  '13,  Batavia,  111. 

Among  the  teachers  in  High  Schools  are:  C.  F.  Stokey,  '72,  Canton, 
O.;  A.  E.  Colegrove,  '80,  Glenville  High,  Cleveland,  O.;  Miss  Iris  Barr. 
'81,  Titusvilie,  Pa.;  Miss  Helen  Hayes,  '83,  Girls'  High,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.; 
C.  C.  Kelso,  '83,  Los  Angeles,  Calif;  H.  W.  McDowell,  '86,  Houghton. 
N.  Y.;  Miss  Elizabeth  Frey,  '88,  Youngstown,  O.;  Ena  L.  Brundage,  '89, 

[  ."il2  ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

Scranton,  Pa.;  Frederick  B.  Lindsey,  '89,  High  School  Commerce,  New 
Yoriv;  E.  E.  Proper,  '89,  Boys'  High,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.;  C.  L.  Walton,  '89, 
Lake  View  High,  Chicago,  111.;  Miss  Elizabeth  Wood,  '89,  Wadleigh  High, 
x\ew  York;  J.  B.  Hawk,  '90,  Sharpsville,  Pa.;  Fred  L.  B.  Hannum,  '90,  Chi- 
cago, 111.;  Miss  Virginia  Davis,  '91,  Collingwood,  O. ;  C.  S.  Jewell,  '91, 
Lake  View  High,  Chicago,  111.;  Miss  Jessie  Berst,  '92,  Erie,  Pa.;  T.  E. 
Lytle,  '92,  Chautauqua,  N.  Y.;  Miss  Sophia  Pappenhagen,  '92;  W.  E. 
Stilson,  '94,  East  District  High,  New  York;  Miss  Jean  Frey,  '95,  Youngs- 
town,  O.;  Fred  L.  Homer,  '95,  Central  High,  Pittsburgh;  Miss  Myrna 
Langley,  '95,  Denver,  Col.;  Samuel  A.  Wood,  '95;  South  High  Pitts- 
burgh; Grant  Norris,  '90,  Kenmoor,  Pa.;  E.  D.  Goodwin,  '97,  Stanton, 
N.  D.;  Miss  Bertha  Ward,  '97,  Oil  City,  Pa.;  A.  M.  Brooks,  '97,  Manual 
Arts  High,  Los  Angeles,  Calif.;  Miss  Ellen  Murray,  '98,  Hoboken  Acad- 
emy, Hoboken,  N.  J.;  E.  E.  Cortright,  '98,  Bridgeport,  Conn.;  Miss 
Anna  Deens,  '98,  Pittsburgh;  Miss  Mary  Breen,  '99,  Central  High,  Pitts- 
burgh; Miss  Daisy  Clark,  '99,  Jamestown,  N.  Y.;  Miss  Edna  Gleisner, 
'99,  Atlantic  City,  N.  J.;  F.  L.  Matteson,  '00,  Peabody  High,  Pittsburgh; 
Miss  Isabel  Klingensmith,  Brushton,  Pa.;  A.  J.  May,  'Ol,  Philadelphia; 
Miss  Bertha  Miller,  '01,  Butler,  Pa.;  Miss  Anna  Woodring,  '01,  Johns- 
town, Pa.;  F.  R.  Kepler,  '01,  Cass  Technical  High,  Detroit,  Mich.;  Miss 
Dema  Bard,  '02,  Pittsburgh;  F.  W.  Blaisdell,  '02,  Technical  High,  Cleve- 
land, O.;  Miss  Cecil  Clark,  '02,  Union  City,  Pa.;  Miss  Myrtle  Herbert, 
'02,  Braddock,  Pa.;  Miss  Myrtle  Mercill,  '02,  Chicago,  III.;  T.  G.  Shallen- 
berger,  '02,  Waterford,  Pa.;  R.  N.  Taylor,  '02,  Peabody  High,  Pitts- 
burgh; Miss  Ada  Palm,  '03,  Peabody  High,  Pittsburgh;  Miss  Alice  Thom- 
as, '03,  Long  Beach.  Calif.;  Miss  Ruth  Townley,  '03,  Central  High,  Pitts- 
burgh; O.  R.  Smiley,  '03,  Glen  Ridge,  N.  J.;  Miss  Sarah  Breen,  '04,  Pitts- 
burgh; A.  J.  Snearline,  '04,  Akron,  O.;  Miss  Winifred  Terry,  '04,  North- 
ampton, Mass.;  Miss  Ruth  Thomas,  '04,  Corry,  Pa.;  Miss  Clara  Leet,  '05, 
Conneaut,  O.;  Miss  Ethel  Canfield,  '06,  Carnegie,  Pa.;  A.  W.  Comfort, 
'06,  Pittsburgh;  Miss  Effie  Milliren,  '06,  Reynoldsville,  Pa.;  Miss  Ade- 
laide Ottaway,  '06,  Canonsburg,  Pa.;  N.  H.  Phillips,  '06,  Monessen,  Pa.; 
.Miss  Henrietta  Carroll,  '07,  Meadville,  Pa.;  Miss  Wynona  Baker,  '08, 
Greenville,  Pa.;  Miss  Mary  Bond,  '08,  Meadville,  Pa.;  M.  D.  Shalk,  '08, 
Central  Institute,  Cleveland,  O. 

Ralph  C.  Siggins,  '08,  Warren,  Pa.;  Miss  Carrie  Sowash,  '08,  Irwin, 
Pa.;  D.  S.  Thomas,  '08,  Aspinwall,  Pa.;  P.  S.  Kingsbury,  '08,  Ogden, 
Utah;  Miss  Laura  Bethune,  '09,  Turtle  Creek,  Pa.;  Miss  Katherine  Illing- 
worth,  '09,  Sheffield,  Pa.;  Miss  Florence  McKinney,  '09,  Corry,  Pa.; 
Miss  Grace  Thomas,  09,  Union  City,  Pa.;  Miss  Ethel  Berry,  '10,  Pough- 
keepsie,  N.  Y.;  Miss  Edith  Burchard,  '10,  Cambridge  Springs,  Pa.;  M.  A. 
OeVitis,  '10,  Soldan  High,  St.  Louis,  Mo.;  W.  G.  Fixel,  '10,  Pittsburgh; 
Miss  Emma  Gillett,  '10,  Oil  City,  Pa.;  Miss  Lottie  Hammett,  '70,  Verona, 
Pa.;  Miss  Grace  Howard,  '10,  Titusville,  Pa.;  Miss  Julia  Jones,  '10,  Kane, 
Pa.;   Miss   Rose    Kauffman,   '10,    William    Penn   High,    Philadelphia;    Miss 

[  51.3  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

Grace  Miller,  '10,  North  Side,  Pittsburgh;  Miss  Maude  Pratt,  '10,  Rey- 
noldsville,  Pa.;  W.  A.  Swick,  '10,  North  Cambridge,  Mass. 

James  A.  Bortz,  Knoxville  High,  Carrick,  Pa.;  Miss  Bessie  Emery, 
'11,  Akron,  O.;  Miss  Ruth  Kelly,  'ii.  Ashtabula,  O.;  Miss  Verna  Lauf- 
fer,  '11,  New  Kensington,  Pa.;  Miss  Jean  Mackenzie,  '11,  Oil  City,  Pa.; 
John  H.  Moore,  '11,  Bethel,  .Me.;  M.  E.  Morse,  '11,  Erie,  Pa.;  Miss  Viola 
Simpson,  'll,  Scottdale,  Pa.;  Miss  Verna  Smith,  '11,  Avalon,  Pa.;  Miss 
Oma  Stoner,  'it,  Perryopolis,  Pa.;  .Miss  Sarah  Van  Hoesen,  '11,  .Mead- 
ville.  Pa.;  C.  M.  White,  'll,  McKeesport,  Pa.;  W.  E.  Abbott,  '12,  Latrobe, 
Pa.;  G.  J.  Allgier,  '12,  Reno,  Nev.;  .Miss  Anderson,  '12,  Titusville,  Pa.; 
F.  H.  Callahan,  '12,  Johnstown,  Pa.;  L.  M.  Davis,  '12,  Panama,  N.  Y.;  Miss 
I  ouise  Jordan,  '12,  Kalida,  O. ;  Miss  Cecilia  McClure,  '12,  Titusville, 
Pa.;  Miss  Margaret  Megirt,  '12,  Punxsutawney,  Pa.;  .Miss  Grace  Prenatt, 
'12,  Meadville,  Pa.;  .Miss  Adelaide  Remler,  '12,  Cochranton,  Pa.;  Miss 
Ethel  Salmon,  '12,  South  .Manchester,  Conn.;  Miss  .Marguerite  Shelmad- 
ine,  '12,  Pleasantville,  Pa.;  Miss  Florence  Shires,  '12,  Harbor  Creek,  Pa.; 
J.  A.  M.  Stewart,  '12,  Beaver,  Pa.;  Miss  Katherine  Wheeling,  '12,  Pough- 
keepsie,  N.  Y. ;  .Miss  Ethel  Bayard,  '13,  McKeesport,  Pa.;  Miss  Annie 
Bishop,  '13,  Endeavor,  Pa.;  J.  C.  Blucher,  'l3.  New  Castle,  Pa.; 
.Miss  Emma  Dickey,  '13,  Greenville,  Pa.;  Miss  Vera  Foster,  '13.  Butler, 
Pa.;  Miss  Florence  Griswold,  '13,  Warren,  Pa.;  Miss  Elizabeth  Lord,  '13, 
Wilmington,  Mass.;  Evans  McKay,  '13,  Meadville,  Pa.;  .Miss  Eva  McKin- 
ney,  '13,  Belle  Vernon,  Pa.;  C.  S.  .Miller,  '13,  Edgewood,  Pa.;  S.  T.  Per- 
ley,  '13,  Avalon,  Pa.;  .Miss  Laura  Strickland,  '13,  West  Valley,  N.  Y.; 
-Miss  Jessie  Tomb,  '13,  Johnstown,  Pa.;  .Miss  Edna  Yost,  '13,  Johns- 
town, Pa.;  .Miss  Ruth  Browning.  '14,  Donora,  Pa.;  .Miss  .Marion  Carroll, 
'14,  Cambridge  Springs,  Pa. 

Miss  Clara  Davis,  '14,  .Marienville,  Pa.;  C.  .M.  Dotterer.  '14.  East 
High,  Cleveland,  O.;  F.  W.  Fabian,  '14,  Clearfield.  Pa.;  .Miss  Linda  Holt, 
'14,  Towanda,  Pa.;  .Miss  Althea  Hunt,  '14,  Meadville.  Pa.;  Miss  Hazel 
Kellogg,  Titusville,  Pa.;  P.  U.  Kline,  '14.  Huntingdon.  W.  Va.;  W.  S. 
Lane.  Alverton,  Pa.;  J.  R.  MacGowan,  '16,  Horace  Mann  High,  New 
York;  F.  J.  Mechlen,  '14.  Franklin.  Pa.;  R.  D.  Mosier,  '14.  Salamanca, 
N.  Y.;  H.  F.  Ramsey,  '14,  Warren,  O. ;  Miss  Gertrude  Reed.  '14,  Sandy 
Lake,  Pa.;  Paul  Robinson,  '14,  Bolivar,  Pa.;  Miss  Margaret  Seitz,  '14, 
Altoona,  Pa.;  Clair  Sweetland,  '16,  Union  City,  Pa.;  J.  T.  Taylor,  '14, 
Clearfield,  Pa.;  Miss  Ada  Thompson,  '14,  Belle  Vernon.  Pa.;  Miss  Thelma 
Weissenborn,  '14,  Warren,  Pa.;  Miss  Bernice  Wiikins,  '14,  Erie,  Pa.;  C. 
V.  Allshouse,  '15,  Duquesne,  Pa.;  C.  F.  Brockway.  '15.  .Mt.  Vernon,  O.; 
H.  F.  Brooks.  '15,  Huntingdon,  W.  Va.;  M.  A.  Dotterer,  'l5,  KeUettville, 
Pa.;  D.  M.  Dunbar,  '15,  Wellsville,  ().;  Miss  Janet  Ellis,  '15.  Sheffield, 
Pa.;  Miss  Ruth  Lavely.  'l5.  Avonmore,  Pa.;  Howard  Boyd,  'l5,  Sharon, 
Pa.;  .Miss  Alice  Chapin.  'l5,  Brockton,  N.  Y.;  Miss  McLean,  '15.  Scott- 
ville.  N.  Y.;  G.  B.  Leiphart,  '15,  Butler,  Pa.;  C.  .M.  McConnell,  '15,  Indi- 

[   -"'U    1 


HI^^T01^Y   OF  ALLEdHEXY   COlAAldK 

ana   Normal;    Mrs.    C.    L.    Swift,    '15,    Franklin,    Pa.;    D.    McKinney,    '15, 
Saegertown. 

IN  MEDICINE 

The  luiniber  of  former  students  who  have  entered  the  field 
of  niediciiie  is  not  so  hirge  as  in  the  three  preeedin*?  profes- 
sions, but  the  representatives  of  tlie  college  have  generally 
acquitted  themselves  Avith  credit  and  have  been  men  of  worth 
in  their  communities. 

Dr.  W.  H.  McKelvY,  'Go,  was  a  graduate  of  the  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New  York.  He  was  long  prominent 
in  the  medical  and  educational  affairs  of  Pittsburgh.  He  was 
thirty  years  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Education  and  a  trus- 
tee of  the  Carnegie  Library.  He  served  also  in  the  Select 
Council  of  the  city.     He  died  in  1000  at  "NVilkinsburg. 

Franklin  B.  Stephenson,  M.  D.,  'TO,  received  his  medical 
education  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  and  entered  the 
United  States  Xavy  as  assistant  surgeon  in  181)3.  He  ad- 
vanced to  the  office  of  medical  inspector  with  the  rank  of  com- 
mander, being  retired  in  lOOo.  Dr.  Stephenson  has  been  in 
various  important  cruises  and  is  a  member  of  several  interna- 
tional societies.  He  is  a  translator  of  a  dozen  or  more  foreign 
tongues  and  a  contributor  to  professional  publications.  He 
now  lives  in  Pittsfield,  Mass. 

Dr.  B.  L.  Millikin,  '74.  ophthalmologist,  took  his  medical 
training  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  and  had  several 
years'  work  in  the  Philadelphia  hos]»itals.  He  specialized  in 
diseases  of  the  e^-e  and  became  in  1894  professor  of  opthalmol- 
ogy  in  the  Medical  School  of  Western  Reserve  Universitj', 
Cleveland,  O.  From  1000  to  1012  he  was  dean  of  the  faculty. 
He  has  been  a  leading  factor  in  the  advancement  of  medical 
education  in  his  city  and  in  the  development  of  Lakeside  Hos- 
pital. 

Dr.  ]\Iillikin  next  devoted  himself  to  his  extensive  private 
]U'actice,  being  the  most  noted  eye  specialist  in  Cleveland.  He 
also  rendered  valuable  service  to  his  community  in  the  founding 
of  tlie  Cleveland  ^ledical  Libra,ry,  a  collection  of  forty  thousand 
volumes  open  to  several  hundred  physicians.    He  had  traveled 

[  515  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

.111(1  studied  extensively  in  Europe  and  was  a  contributor  to 
medical  journals.    His  death  came  suddenly  Jan.  6,  191G. 

Dr.  E.  W.  Day,  '84,  had  his  medical  degree  from  George- 
town University  and  later  did  jiost-graduate  work  in  eye,  ear 
and  throat.  He  has  been  actively  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his 
profession  in  Pittsburgh  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century  and 
is  classed  as  the  leading  specialist  of  the  city  in  his  field. 

O.  AY.  Braymer,  M.  D.,  Ph.  D..  '86,  had  his  medical  educa- 
tion at  Jefferson  College,  Philadelphia.  He  became  a  practi- 
tioner in  Camden.  N.  1'.,  and  speedily  attained  success  in  his 
profession.  He  was  an  instructor  in  the  New  Jersey  Training 
School  for  Nurses.  He  was  also  prominent  in  military  affairs. 
His  death  resulted  Jan.  9,  1898,  from  an  infection. 

Dr.  Edward  B.  Heckel.  '87,  opthalmologist,  studied  for  his 
profession  in  the  Bellevue  Medical  College,  New  York,  and  did 
post-graduate  work  in  New  York  Polyclinic.  He  opened  prac- 
tice in  Pittsburgh  and  was  specialist  for  the  Allegheny  Gener- 
al Hospital.  He  has  also  held  various  other  positions  of  pro- 
fessional responsibility.  In  1913-5  he  was  the  president  of  the 
Medical  Society  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  having  an  ad- 
iniiiistration  that  was  widely  praised.  Dr.  Heckel  is  rated  as 
a  leader  in  his  medical  field.  He  is  an  authority  upon  subjects 
in  ophthalmology.  He  is  the  donor  of  the  Heckel  Prizes  in 
Science  in  Allegheny  College  each  year. 

Dr.  U.  Grant  Williams,  '91,  was  graduated  in  the  College 
of  Medicine,  University  of  Syracuse.  He  began  practice  in 
Newport,  N.  Y.,  where  he  has  been  actively  engaged  more  than 
twenty  years.  He  was  president  of  the  Herkimer  County  Med- 
ical Society  and  has  been  influential  in  the  political  and  busi- 
ness affairs  of  his  section. 

William  C.  IMckett,  A.  M.,  M.  I).,  '92,  neurologist,  received 
his  medical  training  in  Jefferson  College.  He  was  then  con- 
nected as  specialist  with  the  Philadeliihia  Hospital.  At  the 
same  time  with  his  extensive  practice  he  served  as  professor  of 
nervous  and  mental  diseases  in  the  Medico-Cliirurgical  College 
of  Philadelphia.  He  was  a  frecjuent  contributor  to  medical 
joniMials  on  his  specialty  and  had  become  a  recognized  authori- 
1y  in  his  subject.     He  was  made  the  i)resideiit  of  Neurological 


HISTORY  OF   ALLEOHENY  COLIJCOE 

Society  of  New  York  and  Philadelphia.     His  career  of  large 
promise  was  cut  short  by  death.  Feb.  5,  3  007. 

Dr.  Bert  S.  Heiiitzelnian,  '08,  after  his  course  at  Allegheny, 
graduated  from  Ihe  Medical  Department  of  the  University  of 
IMttsburgh.  For  a  few  years  he  practiced  in  I'ennsylvania, 
then  removed  to  Bayonne,  X.  J.,  where  for  more  than  a  dozen 
years  he  has  met  success  in  his  profession. 

Henry  M.  Farr,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  of  Mt.  Pleasant,  Iowa,  was  the  oldest 
living  graduate  of  Allegheny,  a  member  of  the  class  of  1852,  at  the  time 
of  the  Centennial  celebration.  Other  former  students  now  practicing 
physicians,  are  as  follows:  Isaac  R.  Hogue,  '58,  Elkhart,  Ind.;  S.  B. 
Knox,  '60,  Santa  Barbara,  Calif.;  I.  N.  Taylor,  '61,  Edinboro,  Pa.;  Charles 
F.  Hoyt,  '63,  Sharon,  Pa.;  S.  S.  Porter,  Searsport,  Me.;  Jas.  E.  Stubbs,  '65, 
108  N.  State  St.,  Chicago,  111.;  D.  Clark  Huffman,  '67,  McKeesport,  Pa.; 
Henry  Neville,  Jamestown,  N.  Y.;  George  W.  Dille,  'o8,  Cooperstown, 
Pa.;  B.  B.  Smith,  '68,  101  E.  Montgomery  Ave.,  Pittsburgh;  A.  T.  Liv- 
ingstone, '70,  Jamestown,  N.  Y. ;  O.  S.  Martin,  '70,  Salamanca,  N.  Y.; 
James  E.  Silliman,  '71,  Erie,  Pa.;  J.  H.  Lowman,  '71,  1807  Prospect  St., 
Cleveland,  O.;  H.  E.  Smith,  '71,  Saegertown,  Pa. 

Alfred  D.  Bedford,  '73,  San  Bernardino,  Calif.;  Joseph  S.  Stewart,  '73, 
Homestead,  Pa.;  J.  J.  Siggins,  '73,  1728  Spring  Garden  St.,  Philadelphia; 
M.  H.  Grimmett,  '74,  Las  Carras,  Tenn.;  J.  W.  Greenfield,  '74,  Spring- 
boro.  Pa.;  G.  L.  Clark,  '7  5,  Centerville,  Pa.;  James  A.  Dunn,  '7  5,  Brad- 
ford, Pa.;  W.  L.  DeWolfe,  '7  7,  Butler,  Pa.;  Jacob  P.  Strayer,  '78,  Oil 
City,  Pa.;  F.  G.  Greenfield,  '78,  Edinboro,  Pa.;  G.  M.  Carnachan,  '79, 
Bruce,  Wis.;  A.  A.  Davis,  '79,  Alhambra,  Calif.;  Frederick  Shellito,  '80, 
Kalamazoo,  Mich. 

William  M.  Bemus,  '80,  Jamestown,  N.  Y.;  Charles  W.  Fish,  '81,  408 
Laughlin  Bldg.,  Los  Angeles,  Calif.;  M.  C.  Cameron,  '81,  510  Highland 
Bldg.,  Pittsburgh;  R.  K.  Flemming,  '81,  3  1  5  S.  Highland  Ave.,  Pittsburgh; 
F.  L.  Hall,  '81,  262  W.  I8th  St.,  Erie;  Dana  C.  Lewis,  '81,  Pemberton, 
N.  J.;  Amos  G.  Shellito,  Independence,  Iowa;  James  W.  Chase,  '82,  Cor- 
ry.  Pa.;  A.  W.  Kahle,  585  Elmwood  Ave.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.;  J.  B.  Lincoln, 
'82,  Lancaster,  Pa.;  W.  E.  Moore,  '82,  Derby,  Iowa;  Edgar  A.  Sears,  '82, 
Decatur,  Neb.;  James  M.  McCready,  '83,  Sewickley,  Pa.;  Edgar  H.  Pond, 
'83,  National  Bank  Bldg.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.;  W.  P.  Jamison,  '83,  Jenken- 
town.  Pa.:  F.  C.  Monks,  '83,  Kittanning,  Pa.;  L.  A.  Powell,  '83,  Garnett, 
Kan.;  W.  J.  Proper,  '83,  Pleasantville,  Pa. 

James  B.  Siggins,  '83,  Oil  City,  Pa.;  W.  B.  Stewart,  '83,  Muncie, 
Ind.;  C.  W.  Thompson,  '83,  Meadville,  Pa.;  Lewis  E.  Tieste,  '83,  55  S. 
Portland  Ave.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.;  Edward  S.  Blair,  '84,  Wayne,  Neb.;  L. 
L.  Doane,  '84,  Butler,  Pa.;  W.  A.  Nason,  '84,  Roaring  Spring.  Pa.;  S. 
W.  Sellew,  '84,  Oil  City,  Pa.;  George  P.  Ferree,  '85,  Grant  Park,  111.; 
A.  J.  Mitchell,  '85,  Sharon,  Pa.;  Charles  W.  Benedict,  '85,  Fresno,  Calif.; 

[    517   ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

V'.  B.  Jameson,  '85,  Jenkintown,  Pa.;  O.  H.  Johnson,  '85,  Manchester, 
N.  H.;  J.  M.  Scoville,  '85,  Warren,  O.;  E.  W.  Sheets,  '85,  Beaver  Falls, 
Fa.;  C.  M.  Throckmorton,  '85,  1721  Cora  Place,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Ira  J.  Dunn,  '85,  oculist,  Erie,  Pa.;  John  Remer,  '86,  7  7  W.  126th 
St.,  New  York;  W.  W.  Hotchkiss,  '86,  oculist,  Jamestown,  N.  Y.;  Nellis 
C.  Satterlee,  '86,  Andover,  O.;  James  B.  Stewart,  '86,  Bradford,  Pa.; 
James  H.  Thompson,  '86,  Jenkins  Bldg.,  Pittsburgh;  Thomas  B.  Allison, 
'8  7,  Tarentum,  Pa.;  Ella  D.  Goff,  '8  7,  10  W.  Moody  St.,  Pittsburgh; 
Edwin  H.  Moore,  '87,  Indiana,  Pa.;  Henson  F.  Tomb,  '87,  Johnstown, 
Pa.,  William  J.  Bell,  '88,  surgeon,  721  Francis  St.,  St.  Joseph,  Mo.;  James 
M.  Ward,  '88,  Oil  City,  Pa.;  Ralph  W.  Laubie,  '88,  208  Permanent  Bldg., 
Cleveland,  O. ;  Orville  J.  Mason,  '88,  Macedon,  N.  Y. 

C.  C.  Laffer,  '89,  Meadville,  Pa.;  Frank  B.  Miner,  '89,  Seneca  Falls, 
N.  Y.;  Mrs.  F.  J.  Trumper,  '89,  Cleveland,  O.;  S.  M.  Linn,  '89,  Ashtabu- 
la, O.;  Ernest  Shellito,  '89,  Marcellus,  Mich.;  C.  F.  Welty,  '89,  Sherer 
Bldg.,  San  Francisco,  Calif.;  James  B.  Wood,  '89,  6002  San  Pablo  Ave., 
Oakland,  Calif.;  Martin  J.  Sweeney,  '90,  Redlands,  Calif.;  Wm.  K.  An- 
drews, '90,  Mill  Village,  Pa.;  George  M.  B.  Bradshaw,  '90,  Sugar  Grove, 
Pa.;  F.  E.  Tibbetts,  '90,  Geneva,  O.;  Charles  L.  Howe,  Mercer,  Pa.;  A. 
.McL.  Brown,  '91,  Franklin,  Pa.;  George  L.  Bumgarner,  '91,  Natrona,  Pa.; 
.Mrs.  Sarah  Gaston  Frack,  '9l,  Niles,  O.;  E.  T.  Lashells,  '9l,  Meadville, 
Pa.;  E.  R.  .McCreary,  '91,  Watertown,  N.  Y. 

Fred  C.  Newcomb,  '9l,  425,  Second  Nat.  Bank,  Akron,  O.;  Fred  T. 
.Mills,  '91,  Salem,  O.;  R.  E.  Pond,  '91,  Meadville,  Pa.;  Ben  Hicks  .Met- 
calf,  '92,  Winthrop,  Mass.;  George  S.  Ray,  '92,  Erie,  Pa.;  Frank  H.  Sils- 
ley,  '92,  Warrensville,  O.;  Arthur  F.  Davis,  '92,  St.  .Mary's;  W.  .M.  Mc- 
Williams,  '92,  316  Atwood  St.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.;  J.  W.  Veach,  '92,  Youngs- 
town,  O.;  Alden  O.  Davis,  '93,  Charleroi,  Pa.;  R.  B.  Gamble,  '93,  Mead- 
ville, Pa.;  H.  H.  Bradley,  '93,  Wyoming,  N.  Y.;  Philip  L.  Hatch,  '93,  Cou- 
dersport;  W.  H.  Quay,  '93.  Townville,  Pa.;  B.  L.  Wilson,  '93,  125  W.  8th 
St.,  Erie,  Pa.;  E.  W.  Janes,  '94,  319  North  J.  St.,  Tacoma,  Wash. 

Winne  Kate  Mount,  '94,  Oil  City,  Pa.;  F.  H.  Blackmarr,  '94,  Marshall 
Field  Annex  Bldg.,  Chicago,  111.;  W.  C.  K.  Berlin,  '94.  202  Symes  Bldg.. 
Denver,  Col.;  Clarence  B.  Farrar,  '95.  Trenton,  N.  J.;  B.  D.  Haseltine, 
'95,  1229  Michigan  Ave.,  Chicago,  111.;  Frank  B.  Livermore,  '95,  Barber- 
ton,  O.;  Clyde  L.  Williams,  '95,  Harmonsburg,  Pa.;  Arthur  D.  Dunn,  '96, 
804  Brandee's  Theatre,  Omaha,  Neb.;  Isaac  L.  Ohlman,  '96,  Jenkins  Ar- 
cade Bldg.,  Pittsburgh;  Louis  A.  Larson,  '96,  Kane,  Pa.;  George  .M.  Lew- 
is, '96,  Kenmore,  N.  Y.;  Ralph  W.  Plummer,  '96,  Surgeon  U.  S.  Navy, 
Washington,   D.  C. 

.M.  Blanche  Best,  '97,  Meadville,  Pa.;  C.  B.  Millhoff,  '97,  Johnstown, 
Pa.;  J.  P.  Spackman,  '97,  Peale,  Pa.;  Ralph  W.  Holmes,  '98,  Chillicothe. 
().;  C.  H.  Lefevre,  '98,  907  W.  11th  St.,  Erie,  Pa.;  Paul  Eaton,  '99, 
Roaring  Springs,  Pa.;  Homer  B.  Haile,  '99,  .Madras,  Ore.;  Fred  A.  Hartung, 
'99,    Keenan   Bldg.,    Pittsburgh;  David   L.    Martin,   '99,   Dorchester,    Bos- 

[    "»1'^   ] 


HTSTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLE(}E 

ton,  Mass.;  John  W.  Shaffer,  '99,  Youngstown,  O.;  Harry  S.  Stone,  '99, 
Franklin,  Pa.;  W.  A.  Womer,  '00,  1112  S.  Mill  St.,  New  Castle,  Pa.;  Har- 
ry H.  Lamb,  '00,  Rouseville,  Pa.;  J.  C.  McFate,  '00,  Meadville,  Pa.;  B.  A. 
Black,  '01,  Polk,  Pa.;  H.  M.  Lacock,  '01,  West  Finley,  Pa.;  John  M. 
Steele,  '01,  Huntingdon,  Pa. 

Mrs.  Gertrude  Hastings  Transeau,  '02,  Charleston,  111.;  Darius  C. 
Moore,  '02,  Monaca,  Pa.;  Harry  G.  Harris,  '03,  Jamestown,  N.  Y.;  Caleb 
McCune,  '03,  McKeesport,  Pa.;  Lewis  A.  Whitaker,  '03,  Hollidaysburg, 
W.  Va.;  C.  H.  Benson,  '03,  1396  Long  St.,  Columbus,  O.;  George  Fahr, 
'03,  Giessen,  Germany;  Zella  White  Stewart,  '93,  Iowa  City,  la.;  Elvin 
Lothian,  '04,  Bylesville,  O.;  J.  V.  Ballantyne,  '05,  820  Wood  St.,  Wil- 
kinsburg.  Pa.;  L.  O.  Davenport,  '05,  1754  Sherman  St.,  Denver,  Col.; 
S.  M.  Beyer,  'o5,  Punxsutawney,  Pa.;  F.  E.  Cutter,  '05,  936  Rose  Bldg., 
Cleveland,  O. ;  H.  L.  Plannette,  '05,  8221  Superior  Ave.,  Cleveland,  O.; 
E.  L.  Sutton,  '05,  Straw  and  Lincoln,  Bellevue,  Pa.;  D.  Hoster  Swengel, 
'05,  Raeford,  N.  C. 

Max  J.  Lick,  '98,  714  Sassafras  St.,  Erie,  Pa.;  C.  O.  Peters,  '08,  Albi- 
on, Pa.;  R.  G.  Mossman,  '08,  23  2  N.  Phelps  St.,  Youngstown,  O.;  R.  W. 
Mollison,  '08,  285  W.  Euclid  Ave.,  Detroit,  Mich.;  George  H.  Clulow, 
'09,  Tulsa,  Okla.;  Percy  P.  Parsons,  '09,  I0l7  W.  10th  St.,  Erie,  Pa.; 
M.  C.  Newkirk,  '09  Ellicottville,  N.  Y.;  J.  L.  Steffy,  '09,  111  Brookline 
Blvd.,  Pittsburgh;  Webb  W.  Weeks,  '09,  46  E.  5th  St.,  New  York  City. 

The  following  are  doctors  of  dental  surgery:  John  A.  Bolard,  '78, 
833  N.  63rd  St.,  Philadelphia;  Chas.  W.  Beacom,  '78,  Fortuna,  Calif.; 
H.  E.  Dunn,  '81,  Warren,  O.;  L.  A.  Gibson,  '81,  Bruin,  Pa.;  A.  C.  Green- 
lee, '83,  Austin,  Ore.;  H.  C.  Carroll,  '84,  Meadville;  W.  E.  Sackett,  '84, 
Saegertown,  Pa.;  Elic  S.  Carroll,  '86,  560  Delaware  Ave.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.; 
Ralph  B.  Reitz,  '89,  576  Fifth  Ave.,  New  York;  C.  L.  Sherwood,  '91, 
Titusville,  Pa.;  W.  G.  Long,  '92,  Sharon,  Pa.;  Ellis  J.  Chesbro,  '93,  Cleve- 
land, O.;  J.  A.  Dixon,  '98,  917  Jefferson  St.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

IX  LITERATURE 

Wayne  Whipple,  'IT.  is  widely  known  as  a  patriotic  writ- 
er and  peace  advocate.  He  was  founder  of  the  Campus  and 
planned  in  colleji'e  to  become  a  journalist.  He  was  first  city 
editor  of  the  Kansas  City  ^Iail^  (now  the  Star)  ;  then  book 
editor  for  the  D.  Lathroi^  Co.  of  Boston  several  years.  He 
was  an  advertising  manager  from  1S90  to  1905,  removing  then 
to  Philadelphia  and  connected  with  N.  W.  Ayer  and  Son.  His 
literary  activity  in  recent  years  has  been  intensified.  He 
writes  for  the  standard  magazines  and  many  of  his  patriotic 
subjects  have  been  syndicated. 

[  519  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 


The  unique  creation  of  Mr.  Whipple  has  been  the  Story- 
Li\es,  a  new  sort  of  biography.  He  lias  not  played  the  part  of 
a  mere  compiler  in  this  work.  He  has  issued  "'The  Story-Life 
of  Lincoln",  ''The  Story-Life  of  Washington",  ''The  Story-Life 
of  Napoleon"  and  ''The  Story-Life  of  the  Son  of  Man".  Among 
the  titles  of  his  patriotic  books  are  "The  Story  of  Liberty  Bell", 
"The  Story  of  the  American  Flag",  "The  Story  of  Young 
Franklin'  and  'The  Heart  of  Abraham  Lincoln".  He  has  also 
devised  a  new  arrangement  for  the  stars  in  the  national  flag, 
which  has  received  large  popular  favor,  flis  home  is  in  Ger- 
mantown,  Pa. 

Ida  M.  Tarbell,  L.H.D..  LL.D.,  '80,  began  her  distinguished 
literan,'  career  in  Meadville,  being  an  associate  editor  of  the 
Chautauquax  from  1883  to  1891.  Next  she  studied  the  French 
historical  methods  in  Paris  at  the  College  de  France  and  the 
Sorbonne,  gathering  materials  for  her  first  biographies,  "The 
Life  of  Napoleon"  and  "Madame  Roland,"  works  that  are  read- 
able and  authorative,  as  well  as  popular. 

Miss  Tarbell  joined  in  1894 
the  editorial  staff  of  Mc- 
Clire's  Magazine,  in  whose 
pages  appeared  "The  Early 
Life  of  Abraham  Lincoln", 
later  expanded  into  a  two  vol- 
ume study  of  the  martyr-pres- 
idont.  The  graphic  delinea- 
tion is  based  upon  long  and 
thorough  research  of  a  wide 


I)r.  Ida  M.  Tarbell,  '80 


variety  of  original  sources. 
Its  attention  to  detail,  its  in- 
sistence upon  accurac}',  its 
sympathy  and  breadth  of  in- 
terpretation are  characteris- 
tic of  the  workmanship  of  the 
author.  A  native  of  North- 
western I*ennsylvania  and  in- 
terested in  its  natural  re- 
sources.   Miss    Tarbell     next 

[  520  ] 


HISTOIIY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

wrote  the  History  of  the  Standard  Oil  Company.  Again  she 
was  equally  fearless  and  incisive  in  the  analysis  of  a  powerful 
cori)oration. 

In  IDOt)  she  became  one  of  the  owners  and  editors  of  the 
American  Magazine^  contributing  many  articles  on  current 
subjects  and  short  stories.  She  has  turned  her  pen  more  to 
economic  and  social  topics  in  later  years.  ''The  Tariff  in  Our 
Times",  "'The  Business  of  Being  a  Wonuin",  ''The  Golden  Kule 
in  Business",  and  ''The  Ways  of  AVomen"  are  some  of  her  out- 
put. Miss  Tarbell  exemplifies  in  her  poise  of  character  and 
in  her  interpretations  of  American  life  and  history  the  best  and 
highest  qualities  of  the  woman  of  higher  education. 

Charles  M.  Snyder,  '82,  who  was  born  in  Bellefonte,  Pa., 
April  17,  1850,  and  died  in  Philadelphia,  Jan.  1),  1913,  was  a 
writer  of  humor.  He  was  with  the  Pittsburgh  papers.  The 
Disi'ATCii  and  The  Commercial  Gazette  in  1883-5  and  sup- 
plied "Wayside  Philosophy"'.  He  was  then  on  the  staff  of  Tex- 
as SiFTixGs.  He  became  the  humorous  editor  of  Lipi'ixcott's 
Magazine^  furnishing  the  "With  the  Wits". 

Mr.  Snyder  conducted  an  advertising  agency  with  success 
and  owned  various  business  enterprises.  He  continued  to  cul- 
tivate his  peculiar  literary  vein,  publishing  "Comic  History  of 
Greece",  "Comic  History  of  Spain",  181)8,  "Kunaway  Robin- 
son", "Snap  Shots",  and  "The  Flaw  in  the  Sapphire",  1909. 
His  books  while  witty  have  a  clever  commingling  of  instruc- 
tion and  entertainment.  They  are  illustrated  by  well  known 
artists  and  cartoonists.  The  originality  of  the  author  and  his 
genuine  fun  liave  made  his  work  popular  with  the  public. 

Bessie  L.  Putnam,  '88.  has  given  herself  extensively  to  lit- 
erary work.  She  writes  short  stories  for  a  popular  constitu- 
ency, but  her  contributions  are  mainly  on  topics  of  instruction 
and  interpretation.  They  are  accepted  in  many  of  the  leading- 
periodicals. 

Frederic  C.  Howe,  PIi.D.,  LL.I).,  '89,  publicist,  municipal 
reformer.  Commissioner  of  Immigration  at  New  York,  can  not 
be  assigned  to  one  exclusive  field  of  achievement.  He  is  a  man 
of  action  and  of  deeds,  as  well  as  a  writer  of  books  and  the 
propagandist  of  an  economic  creed.     After  leaving  Allegheny 

[  521  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 


he  took  his  doctorate  in  i^hilosophy  at  the  Johns  Hopkins  Uni- 
versity. He  there  prepared  the  work  accepted  nationally  as 
the  authority  on  the  subject,  "Taxation  and  Taxes  in  the  United 
States  under  the  Internal  Revenue  System". 

Dr.  Howe  next 
studied  law  and  en- 
tered its  practice  in 
Cleveland  where  he 
remained  for  fifteen 
years.  Here  he  was 
closely  associated 
with  Tom  Johnson, 
the  single-tax  advo- 
cate. He  became  a 
member  of  the  city 
council  and  served  in 
the  Ohio  Senate. 
1906-9.  He  was  pro 
fessor  of  law  in  the 
Cleveland  College  of 
Law,  lecturer  on  tax- 
ation in  ^Vestern  Re- 
serve University  and 
for  three  years  on 
the  staff  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Wisconsin, 
lecturing  on  muni 
cipal  administration. 

The  United  States  sent  him  abroad  in  190.")  to  investigate 
municipal  ownership  in  Great  Britain.  The  titles  of  his  books 
indicate  the  trend  of  his  thought  and  doctrines.  They  are,  ''The 
City  of  Hope  of  Democracy".  1905;  '-The  British  City,  the  Be- 
ginnings of  Democracy".  1907;  ''Tlie  Confessions  of  a  Monopo- 
list", 1907;  ''Privilege  and  Democracy  in  America",  IMIO;  ''Wis- 
consin, an  Experiment  in  Democracy",  1912;  "l^uropean  Cities 
at  Work".  19i:i:  "The  Modern  City  iind  Its  Proldems",  191."); 
"Socialized  (^iermany". 

He  became  in  1912.  Dire<-toi'  of  the  Ueoide's  Institute,  the 

r  noo  1 


Dr.  F.  C.  Howe.  '89 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGJllCXV  COLLE(JE 

romarkable  organization  for  tlie  expression  of  public  opinion, 
whose  heachpiarters  is  tlie  Cooper  Union  in  New  York,  lu 
]|)14  Dr.  Howe  was  made  Commissioner  of  Immigration  at  tlie 
port  of  New  York.  He  brings  nnnsual  experience  and  fine 
judgment  to  his  important  task.  He  is  a  conscientious  ser- 
vant of  the  State  and  of  Society. 

Frank  Chapin  Brav,  '1)0,  journalist,  in  his  college  days  was 
an  editor  of  the  Cami-us.  He  entered  at  once  into  newspaper 
work,  serving  on  the  Hartford  Couraxt,  the  Middletown  Her- 
ald (Conn.),  and  the  Erie  Disi'atcii.  He  was  with  the  Liter- 
ary Digest,  1804-1),  editing  "Tlie  Topics  of  the  Day".  He 
went  upon  the  staff  of  the  Ciiautauquax  in  1899,  became  its 
editor-in-chief  in  1902,  and  manager  of  the  Chautauqua  Press  in 
190G.  Since  1913  he  has  been  one  of  the  editors  of  the  Ixde- 
I'EXDEXT.  His  work  in  the  editorial  chair  has  shown  him  to  be 
a  man  of  letters  in  the  comprehensive  sense  of  the  term. 

Alice  Crittenden  Derby,  '1)2,  is  an  indejtendent  contributor 
to  periodical  literature.  She  was  on  the  staff  of  the  Chautau- 
QUAx  for  a  time.  Short  stories  and  poems  of  Mrs.  Derby  have 
appeared  in  the  leading  magazines.  She  has  been  editor  of  the 
children's  page  of  a  large  Chicago  daily  newspaper.  Charm  of 
style  and  sympathy  in  interpretation  are  bases  of  her  excellent 
work. 

Frederick  Palmer,  '93,  author,  war  correspondent,  after  his 
two  years  in  college,  having  been  an  editor  of  the  Campus,  be 
gan  in  Meadville,  associated  with  B.  C.  Heydrick,  '93,  a  paper 
called  ^'Brains''.  He  removed  to  Boston  for  one  year  with  his 
venture,  then  went  to  England,  where  he  was  employed  on  the 
London  Times.     His  opening  as  a  war  correspondent  came  in 

1897,  when  a  Ncav  York  paper  sent  him  to  Greece.  Here  his 
enterprise  won  him  a  reputation  above  his  rival  journalists. 

Foi-  the  ])ast  fifteen  years  Mr.  Palmer's  profession  has 
taken  him  to  all  portions  of  the  globe.  In  daily  press  and 
magazines    liave   a]»peared    his    accounts    of    the   Klondike    of 

1898,  the  Phi]i])pines,  the  voyages  of  the  American  fleet  around 
the  world,  the  march  of  the  Allies  upon  Peking  in  1900,  Cen- 
tral American  and  ^lacedonian  insurrections,  Busso-Japa- 
nese  war,  Turkish  revolution.  Balkan  war  and  ^lexican  civil 


Hl!STOl;Y  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 


Frederick  Palmer,  '93 


strife.  His  exj)eriences  were 
put  into  book  form  as  follows  : 
''Going  to  War  in  Greece", 
"In  the  Klondike",  ''The  Ways 
of  the  Service",  "With  Kuroki 
in  Manchuria",  and  "Central 
America  and  Its  Problems". 

Excellent  fiction  has  also 
come  from  the  pen  of  Mr. 
Palmer,  as  "The  Vagabond", 
1903,  ''Lucy  of  the  Stars", 
"Over  the  Pass"  and  "The 
Last  Shot",  1015.  This  last 
book  was  a  startling  por- 
trayal of  a  fictitious  world 
war,  based  upon  the  writer's 
knowledge  of  fighting  gained 
in  Manchuria.  When  England 
applied  its  censorship  upon 
newspaper  writers  in  1014, 
upon  the  nomination  of  the  L'.  S.  Government,  Frederick 
Palmer  was  appointed  the  sole  American  correspondent  to 
go  with  the  British  forces.  He  is  an  accurate  observer,  an 
impartial  writer,  and  a  keen  interpreter  of  movements  and 
policies,  preserving  an  absolute  fidelity  to  the  best  ideals  of 
his  profession.  !Merit  of  uncommon  degree  has  placed  him 
at  the  head  of  the  world's  war  correspondents  of  today. 

William  C.  Deming.  '00,  studied  law  after  his  graduation 
and  was  admitted  to  its  practice  in  Kentucky  in  1803.  He  be- 
came editor  of  the  Daily  Tiubtne  of  Warren,  O.,  in  1804. 
After  seven  years  he  removed  to  Cheyenne  and  became  the 
editor  of  the  Wyoming  Daily  Tribune.  Mr.  Deming 
served  in  the  AVyoming  legislature,  1003-.").  He  has  been  a 
member  of  iini)ortant  commissions  of  his  state  and  held  posi- 
lions  of  trust  as  a  Federal  official.  lie  is  a  contributor  to 
various  periodicals,  also  editor  of  the  Stockmax-Faumkr, 
Cheyenne. 

P.  S.  Bancroft,  T)."),  has  been  for  twenty  years  editor  of  the 

[  524  ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

Jiiitlcr  J\i;('()Ri>.  ('<»!.  .].  W.  IJeifsiiiger,  '50,  was  editor  of  the 
]\ri;Ai)viu,i;  liKi'iiu.icAN  from  1870  to  1894:.  Gen.  F.  A.  Jones, 
"57,  and  S.  G.  Brock,  '59,  were  editors  of  the  Macon  (Mo.) 
JiEiTisLicAx.  .7 no.  B.  Hays,  '58,  was  on  the  editorial  staff  of 
llie  New  I'ork  Tribuxio  for  many  years,  after  being  the  founder 
of  the  GuAwroRU  Journal  of  Meadville.  S.  H.  Birdsall,  'GO,  is 
tlie  author  of  "Birdsall's  Helps"  in  music.  Kev.  E.  B.  Cum- 
jiiings,  *r»2,  was  editor  of  the  Ruralist^  the  Farmers'  Alliance 
organ  of  South  Dakota.  Dana  L.  Hubbard,  '62,  was  once  edi- 
tor of  the  Indianai)olis  Journal.  Francis  A.  Archibald,  '08, 
was  tlie  author  of  ''Methodism  and  Literature".  Stephen 
Quinon,  '71,  was  the  editor  of  the  Pittsburgh  Evening  News. 
I.  Walter  Basye,  '71,  is  the  author  of  a  history  of  Pike  County, 
Mo.  F.  ^y.  Ritezel,  '75,  is  the  editor  of  the  Warren,  O., 
Chronicle. 

Dr.  A.  C.  Ellis,  '78,  a  practical  printer  before  he  entered 
Allegheny,  and  a  founder  of  the  Campus,,  has  been  assistant 
editor  of  the  influential  Pittsurgh  Christian  Advocate  since 
1914.  Henry  H.  Marcy,  '79,  is  on  the  staff  of  the  Cpironicle- 
Telegraph  of  Pittsburgh.  A.  L.  Colegrove,  '81,  is  editor  of 
the  Corry  Telegraph.  J.  L.  Cowen,  '82,  is  publishing  agent 
of  the  Metliodist  Book  Concern  in  Japan.  Frank  Coltman, 
'84,  is  on  the  editorial  corps  of  the  Rochester  Herald.  W.  G. 
liong  is  an  editor  in  Tulsa,  Okla.  F.  E.  Fenno  is  the  author 
of  "Tiie  Flora  of  the  Susquehanna  Valley  of  Tioga  County,  N. 
Y",  and  associate  editor  of  "Flora  of  the  Upper  Susquehanna 
^'alley''.  F.  J.  Warner,  '80,  is  advertising  manager  of  the 
Cleveland  Plain  Dealer.  C.  D.  Higby,  '89,  of  Erie,  Pa.,  is 
autlior  of  ''The  Government  of  Pennsylvania  and  the  Nation." 
D.  Lowrie  ]McNees,  '92,  is  editor  of  the  Beaver  Star.  Clyde  M. 
Allen,  '91,  is  on  the  Times-Star  of  Cincinnati.  H.  M.  Chal- 
fant,  '92,  is  the  editor  of  the  American  Issue.  Robt.  M.  Kurtz, 
'93.  is  the  editor  of  the  Bible  Magazine  of  New  l^ork. 

Frank  W.  Merdiant,  '95,  is  managing  editor  of  the  Pitts- 
nuRGii  Sun.  W.  T.  Mossman,  '95,  is  an  advertisement  manager 
in  IMttsburgh.  J.  B.  Townley,  '90,  is  on  tlie  staff  of  the  Pitts- 
burgh Press.  T.  F.  Smiley,  '90,  has  charge  of  the  Tri-State 
News  Bureau,  Pittsburgh.    D.  AY.  ^Nfoore,  '90,  was  the  founder 

[   ">2."'>  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

of  the  ''Seneca  Kicker."  and  editor  of  the  Grove  City  Herald. 
E.  F.  Beazell.  -07,  is  engaged  in  New  York  journalism,  having 
been  editor  of  the  Bulletin  and  Index  of  Pittsburgh.  E.  S. 
Oakes.  '99.  is  an  editor  of  Case  and  Comment  of  Rochester,  N. 
Y.  Dr.  E.  F.  Phillips,  '00,  is  the  author  of  "Bee  Keeping."  J. 
Gayle  Nelson,  '04,  is  associate  editor  of  the  Baltimore 
American.  R.  F.  "Wilson,  '06.  is  a  Washington  newspaper  cor- 
respondent. Charles  F.  Lewis,  '00,  is  connected  with  the  Oil 
City  Derrick.  M.  A.  DeVitis.  '10.  is  the  author  of  a  Spanish 
grammar. 

IN  THE  Bl'SINESS  WORLD 

Mr.  "NVilliam  Reynolds,  '37,  was  the  chief  factor  in  bring- 
ing rail  transportation  to  Mexidville.  For  ten  years  he  gave 
himself  to  the  task,  becoming  the  president  of  the  Atlantic 
and  Great  Western  Railroad,  whose  completion  in  1S62  sup- 
plied the  connecting  link  of  east  and  west. 

Col.  Cyrus  K.  Holliday,  '52,  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
city  of  Topeka,  Kansas,  and  a  leading  promoter  of  its  in- 
dustrial growth.  Foremost  in  the  organization  of  the  Atch- 
ison, Topeka  and  Santa  Fe  Railroad,  he  was  its  president  in 
its  earl}'  years. 

Hon.  .John  F.  Duncombe,  '.52.  was  the  earliest  resident  of 
Fort  Dodge,  Iowa,  and  for  nearly  a  half  centuiy  was  active 
in  its  business  affairs.  Besides  being  the  attorney  of  various 
transcontinental  lines,  lie  served  several  years  as  president  of 
the  Fort  Dodge  and  Omaha  Railroad. 

Mr.  Francis  A.  Arter,  '04,  was  one  of  the  pioneers  of  the 
oil  refining  business  in  Cleveland.  He  had  various  other 
business  interests,  being  director  of  several  coi^porations  in 
the  city  and  a  leader  in  financial  affairs.  He  is  interested  in 
many  iihilanthropies.  the  most  recent  being  fhe  i>romotion  of 
an  adefpiate  endowment  fund  for  tlie  retired  ministers  of  the 
North-East  Ohio  Conference. 

Mr.  David  Jameson,  *78,  after  leaving  Allegheny  studied 
two  years  in  Victoria  College,  now  coniu'cted  with  Toronto 
University.     He  read  law  in  Warren,  O.  and  was  admitted  to 

[   "»20  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

practice  before  the  Supreme  Court  of  Ohio  in  1S8L  For  a 
time  he  was  located  in  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  then  followed  his 
profession  in  New  Castle,  l*a.  In  181)1  he  organized  the  Citi- 
zens' National  Bank  of  New  Castle,  servin<>'  successively  as 
cashier,  vice  president  and  president.  Mr.  .Jameson  is  one  of 
the  influential  men  of  his  city  and  besides  his  business  rela- 
tions, nmintains  a  keen  interest  in  literary  ami  educational 
affairs.    He  is  a  loval  advocate  of  his  (ihiut  iitatcr. 


Mr.  J.  W.  Kinnear,  '82 

Mr.  James  V\\  Kinnear,  '82,  came  to  Allegheny  from  Tidi- 
oute.  Pa.  He  studied  law  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
being  admitted  to  practice  in  1887.  He  located  at  I'ittsburgli 
in  the  following  year  and  is  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Kinnear, 

[  527  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

McCloskey  and  Best.  He  has  very  extensive  business  inter- 
ests, being  vice  president  of  the  Washington  Steel  and 
Ordinance  Company,  vice  president  of  the  Chemical  Products 
Company,  a  director  of  the  Pittsburgh  Chamber  of  Commerce, 
a  director  of  the  Keystone  National  Bank,  besides  holding 
several  other  positions  of  large  financial  trust. 

Mr.  Kinnear  has  been  active  in  movements  for  the  better- 
ment of  Pittsburgh.  In  the  Civic  Commission  he  was  chair- 
man of  the  committee  on  legislation.  He  is  a  leader  in  Sab- 
bath School  activities,  being  a  member  of  the  board  of  man- 
agers of  the  Pennsylvania  State  Association  and  on  the  exe- 
cutive committee  of  the  international  and  world  organizations. 

Mr.  W.  W.  Shilling,  '80,  is  a  native  of  Mercer  county,  Penn- 
sylvania. He  prepared  for  college  at  the  Wheatland  public 
schools  and  the  Edinboro  State  Normal.  Besides  a  business 
education  he  read  law  in  Mercer  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1882.  For  several  years  he  practiced  his  profession 
with  distinction  in  Sharon.  In  1891  Mr.  Shilling  turned  his 
interests  to  manufacturing  in  which  field  he  has  met  with 
much  success.  He  is  the  president  of  the  Sharon  Foundry 
Company  and  a  director  in  various  other  business  enterprises. 

Mr.  Clifford  W.  Fuller,  '86,  was  admitted  to  the  practice 
of  law  in  1890  and  settled  in  Cleveland,  specializing  in  cor- 
poration work,  fire  insurance  law  and  the  management  of 
estates.  His  firm  is  known  as  Fuller  and  Conner.  He  is 
attorney  for  the  Rapid  Transit  and  Terminal  enterprise  of 
Cleveland.  Mr.  Fuller  is  tinistee  and  secretary  of  the  John 
Huntington  Art  and  Polytechnic  Tiiist,  which  is  bearing 
largely  the  cost  of  the  new  Museum  of  Art,  now  buihling  in 
Wade  Park.  The  Trust  has  property  worth  several  millions. 
He  is  also  secretary  of  the  H.  B.  Ilurlbut  Trust  and  the  Hunt- 
ington Benevolent  Trust. 

Mr.  John  L.  Porter  of  the  Class  of  Ninety  is  a  native  of 
Meadville.  After  graduation  he  engaged  in  the  oil  business 
in  western  Pennsylvania,  later  going  to  England.  Since  1895 
he  has  bwMi  a  resident  of  Pittsburgh,  where  he  has  numerous 
business  resj)onsibilities  and   interests.     Mr.   Porter  is  presi- 

[  528  ] 


HISTORY   OF  ALLK(J11EXY   COLLEOIO 

dent  of  the  ]']iilo\v  Oil  Co.,  the  Union  Storage  Company,  tlie 
Citizens'  lee  Co.  and  the  JMire  Water  Supi>ly  (.'o.  He  is  vice 
president  of  llie  Fislier  Oil  Co.  and  of  the  American  Sewer 
ripe  Co.,  and  the  secretary  of  tlie  Hazelton  Land  Co.  In 
addition  lie  is  director  in  several  trust  and  surety  companies. 
Mr.  Ai-tlnir  AVebster  Thompson,  '07,  Avas  born  in  Erie,  Pa., 
May  (),  1(ST5,  and  came  to  Meadville  as  a  child,  his  father  be- 
in<i^  foreman  of  the  Erie  K.  II.  Shops.  In  college  he  developed 
marked  i»roticiency  in  technical  studies.  He  did  much  prac- 
tical work  and  under  the  guidance  of  Prof.  W.  T.  Dutton 
fitted  himself  for  the  career  of  a  civil  engineer. 

In  1808  he  began  his  rail- 
road service  and  his  rise  has 
been  steady  and  rapid,  for  in 
thirteen  years  after  his  cor.- 
nection  Avith  the  Baltimore 
and  Ohio  Railroad  he  had  be- 
come Third  Mce  President  of 
the  entire  system.  Starting 
as  transitman,  he  was  ad- 
vanced to  chief  of  surveA'ing 
corps,  assistant  division  engi- 
neer, engineer  of  the  Cumber- 
land and  of  the  Pittsburgh 
Divisions,  and  finally  a  super- 
intendency  by  1903.  Mr. 
Thompson  had  charge  of  vari- 
ous important  engineering 
improvements  on  the  lines. 
In  11)07,  he  was  made  Chief 
Mr.  A.  w.  Thompson,  '97  Engineer    of    Maintenance   of 

Way  and  in  1010  Chief  I-^ngineer  of  the  B.  cK:  O.  system. 

AVitliin  a  few  months  he  became  General  Manager  of  the 
road  and  two  years  later  its  Third  Vice  President.  He  has 
COOO  nnles  of  track  under  his  supervision  and  70,000  em- 
ployees. He  is  a  magnetic  leader  of  men.  His  slogan  has 
been,  '"The  B.  and  O.  second  to  none  in  the  world."     He  is 

[   ^20  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

a  member  of  leadings  engineering  associations  and  he  writes 
with  authority  upon  the  problems  of  his  profession.  His 
career  shows  the  quantities  of  efficiency  and  energy  that 
constitute  an  ideal  railroad  executive. 

Mr.  AV.  J.  Lewis,  'TO.  is  a  banker  in  Scio.  O.,  Mr.  J.  X, 
Clarke.  '12.  is  a  capitalist  in  Hastings.  Neb.,  ^h:  O.  F.  Hoff- 
man, 'To,  is  an  extensive  oil  oi)erator  in  Warren.  Pa..  Mr.  P. 

A.  Dix.  '80.  has  large  business  interests  in  ^>alt  Lake  City, 
Utah.  Mr.  W.  W.  Tarbell,  '81.  is  trea.surer  of  the  Pure  Oil 
Co.,  Mr.  D.  E.  Howell.  '81,  is  president  of  the  Howell  Grocery 
Co.,  Bes  Moines,  la..  Mr.  W.  N.  Ridge,  '82,  is  a  successful  real 
estate  dealer  in  New  York  City,  Mr.  E.  E.  Blair,  '8->,  is  a  banker 
of  Youngstown,  O.,  Mr.  W.  J.  Guthrie,  '84,  is  associated  with 
important  oil  companies  in  Pittsburgh,  Mr.  F.  S.  Rich,  '84,  is 
president  of  the  Crude  Oil  Co..  Oil  City,  Pa.,  James  A.  Moore, 
'83.  is  president  of  the  Moore  Company,  Atlanta,  Ga. 

Mr.  Charles  C.  Ramsey.  '80,  is  president  of  the  Crucible 
Steel  Co..  of  Pittsl)urgh;  Mr.  Bert  Lee  Jones,  '8T,  is  vice  presi- 
dent of  the  Niagara  Gorge  Co.,  Mr.  Charles  G.  Lindsey,  '88,  is 
an  operator  in  re<al  estate  of  Jamestown,  N.  Y..  Mr.  George 
Gray,  '88  is  president  of  the  Bakewell  Coal  Co.  of  Cleveland, 
Mr.  C.  C.  Leach,  '89,  is  general  manager  of  the  American 
Roller  Bearing  Co.,  of  Pittsburgh;  Air.  John  B.  Ford,  Jr..  is  a 
manufacturer  of  Detroit.  Mich.,  conducting  valuable  alkali 
ju'ocesses;  Mr.  Fred  E.  Russell.  '00.  is  a  manufacturer  of  War- 
ren, O..  Air.  AY.  H.  Stenger,  '00,  a  manufacturer  in  Chicago, 
Mr.  J.  S.  Packer.  '!»0.  is  a  bank  cashier  in  ITarriman.  Tenn.,  J. 

B.  Luse.  "OT,  is  attorney  for  the  AVestern  Electrical  Co.  of  Chi- 
cago. A.  AA'.  Alumford  is  manager  of  the  Conewango  Lumber 
Co.  of  AVarren.  Pa.,  A.  E.  A])pleyard.  '00.  is  a  bank  cashier  in 
Jamestown.  N.  A'.,  H.  A.  Siggins,  '00,  is  manager  of  the  AA'ar- 
ren-.lamestown  Traction  Co..  C.  AI.  Hatcli,  '01,  is  manager  of 
the  Candtridge-lOrie  Traction  Co. 

Air.  Paul  Sturtevant,  '!I0,  after  graduation  entered  luisiness 
in  Pittsburgli,  Iteing  occupied  with  gas  and  water  interests. 
He  turned  liis  attention  later  to  bonds  and  investments 
and    has    l»een    for   several    yeai-s    the    Pittsburgh    representa- 

[  :>:w  ] 


HISTOKV   OF  ALLKdIIlOXV   COLLKiJE 

five  of  Harris,  Ff»r}>es  .^ 
('oiiipany  of  Xew  York, 
Mr.  Sturtevant  is  also 
president  of  the  Baiilv  of 
Coniieautville,  Pa.  He  is 
highly  esteemed  in  the 
business  world  of  western 
I'enusylvania.  lie  is  an 
active  worker  in  Christ 
Church,  East  End  Pitts- 
burgh, He  was  made  i. 
Trustee  of  Allegheny  Col- 
lege in  llJl.j  upon  the 
nomination  of  tlie  Pitts- 
burgh Conference, 

11.  li.  Ross,  '84,  is  mana- 
ger of  the  subscription  de- 
partment of  ])odd,  Mead  & 
Co.,  New  York;  W.  B. 
Smyth,  '84,  was  long  in 
the  tratlic  department  of  the  D.  L.  &  AV.  Kailway ;  D.  W. 
Osborn,  '84,  is  secretary  of  C.  H.  Dutton  &  Co.,  Kalamazoo, 
Mich.;  Aliner  I).  Ci-ary,  '1)(3,  is  engaged  in  manufacturing  in 
AVarren,  I'a. ;  AVilliam  Tipper,  '98,  is  manager  of  the  A'acuum 
Oil  Co.,  Pittsburgh;  L.  AV.  Unger,  '08,  is  assistant  general 
superintendent  of  the  Carnegie  Steel  Co.,  Clairton,  Pa. ;  J. 
M.  Gee,  '08,  is  in  real  estate  in  Cleveland,  O. ;  George  Pelf,  '00, 
is  manager  of  the  Hotel  Utah,  Salt  Lake  City;  Ralph  Greenlee, 
'02,  is  superintendent  of  the  Greenlee  Foundry  Co.,  Chicago; 
C.  AA\  AA'olfe,  '02,  is  superintendent  of  the  Aletal  Products 
Co.,  Cleveland  ;  Fred  E.  Smith,  '0;»,  is  insurance  general  agent, 
Salt  Lake  City;  P.  AV.  Aloorehead,  '0;^>,  is  secretary  of  Aloore- 
head  Knitting  Co.,  Harrisburg,  Pa.;  T.  A.  Colter  is  Standard 
Oil  Pe]>resentative  in  Java;  AI.  J.  Peaty,  '11,  is  an  oil  i)roducer 
in  Tulsa,  Okla. ;  C.  F.  Bell,  'Oo,  is  a  milling  manager  in 
Greeley.  Col. 

IN  SOCIAL  SERVICE 
By  tlie  complexity  of  modern  social  structure  many  new 
avenues  of  service  are  being  opened.     Under  the  auspices  of 

[  531  ] 


Mr.  Paul  Sturtevant,  '99 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

voluutary  orgauizatious,  philautliiopic  enterprises,  civic  and 
State  bodies,  an  increasing  number  of  alnnini  is  now  employed. 

Dr.  Ernest  A.  Bell,  '88,  after  graduation  studied  in  Boston 
University,  then  at  the  University  of  Oxford  preparing  for 
mission  work  in  India.  He  returned  to  the  United  States  in 
1895  and  completed  his  theological  course  at  Chicago.  He 
was  a  pastor  and  teacher  for  seven  years,  when  in  1904:  he 
was  foremost  in  founding  the  Midnight  Mission  in  Chicago, 
of  which  he  is  now  superintendent,  where  men  of  all  nation- 
alities have  the  Scriptures  given  them  in  their  own  language. 

Dr.  Bell  now  became  a  leader  in  evangelistic  and  rescue 
work  and  in  movements 
for  amelioration  of  moral 
conditions.  In  connec- 
tion with  the  Vigilance 
Association  he  promot- 
ed interstate  legislation 
against  the  AVliite  Slave 
Trade.  He  was  an 
American  delegate  to  the 
Worhl  Congress  of  191:^, 
at  London  on  this  evil. 
Ho  is  a  director  of 
the  Child  Conservation 
League  of  America.  Dr. 
Bell  has  written  many 
articles  and  ]>am])hlets 
on  reform  matters  and  is 
Itcst  known  as  one  of  the 
anthors  of  Ihe  book. 
''War  on  the  White  Slave 
Trade."  which  lias  had  a 
siih'  of  (»vei-  one  million  copies. 

Mr.  George  McLaughlin.  "<;i.  has  been  for  many  years  secre- 
tary of  the  New  York  State  Conimissictn  of  Prisons.  Dr.  J.  D. 
Martin.  'SO,  is  the  corresponding  seci-etary  of  the  IMiiladeliiliia 
Methodist   Ilosidtal.      Kev.  S.  A.  Dean.  'S9,  is  a  Michigan  Dis- 


Dr.  Ernest  A.  Bell.  '88 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

Irict  Anti-Saloon  Lea<;ne  superintendent.  Kev.  J.  K.  Shields, 
'!>.">,  Avas  for  six  years  superintendent  of  tlie  Illinois  Anti- 
Saloon  Lea<;iie  and  since  l!n:>  of  the  New  Jersey  League. 

^liss  -lulia  Schoenfeld,  '!)T,  after  a  course  in  medicine  be- 
came head  resident  of  the  Columbian  Settlement  in  I'itts- 
burgh.  Later  in  New  Y'ork  she  was  executive  secretary  of  the 
committee  on  amusements  and  conducted  investigations  of 
commercial  recreations  in  several  cities.  In  1010  she  became 
tield  secretary  of  the  IMaygrouud  and  Kecreation  Association 
t)f  America  and  in  lOl-I  as  head  resident  she  inaugurated  the 
extensive  work  of  the  Irene  Kaufman  Settlement  of  Pitts- 
burgh. Miss  Schoenfeld  has  written  on  various  sociological 
subjects  and  is  an  inspiring  leader  in  the  new  order  of  social 
betterment. 

Mr.  Ossian  E.  Carr,  '00,  after  graduating  in  engineering 
saw  service  in  the  I'.  S.  Coast  Survey.  Then  he  was  in  the 
P]iilipi)ine  Islands  a  few  years.  He  held  important  positions 
in  public  works  construction  in  Seattle,  Portland  and  Cincin- 
nati. In  the  latter  city  he  was  associated  with  H.  M.  Waite, 
later  the  city  manager  of  Dayton,  O.  Mr.  Carr  was  called  in 
1014  to  Cadillac,  Mich.,  to  be  its  city  manager.  His  success 
was  so  marked  here,  that  in  1015  he  was  brought  to  Niagara 
Falls,  N.  Y'.  to  administer  its  municipal  affairs. 

Mr.  George  H.  Land),  '85.  is  the  alert  executive  of  the 
Carnegie  Free  Library  and  its  associated  interests  at  Brad- 
dock,  I*a..  the  first  of  the  foundations  by  Andrew  Carnegie; 
T.  R.  DeWolfe,  "00,  is  secretary  of  the  Civic  League  of  Pitts- 
burgh; C.  K.  Edmonds,  '05,  is  a  reference  librarian  of  the 
New  Y'ork  City  Library;  J.  S.  Ekey,  '05,  is  city  manager  of 
Grove  City,  I*a. ;  W.  W.  (Jleason,  'OC*,  is  director  of  AYyman's 
School  of  llie  Woods.  :Munsing,  :Mich. ;  Albert  C.  Trego,  '00, 
is  manager  f)f  the  Workmen's  Com]>ensation  Bureau  of  San 
Francisco;  W.  L.  ChatTec.  '01.  is  chief  examiner  of  accounts 
of  New  Yoi-k  City. 

Aliss  Estelle  I\oseid)aum,  'Oo,  is  a  manager  of  the  Hebrew 
Social  Settlement  in  IMiiladelphia.  Miss  Lettie  Johnston,  '05, 
is  head  resident  of  the  Warner  House,  Baltimore.  .  Aliss  Har- 
riet Johnson,  '07,  is  an  ofUcial  of  the  Children's  Aid  Society  of 

[  5.^'^  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

Baltimore.  Miss  A'era  Bash.  'OS.  was  social  secretary  of  Ports- 
mouth. 2s'.  H.  iu  1013  aud  uow  is  with  the  Philadelphia  C.  O. 
t?.  Miss  Mabel  Beatty.  'OS,  is  iiistiiictor  in  the  Deaconess 
Training  School,  Boston.  Miss  Ida  Preston,  -11,  was  execntive 
secretary  of  the  hospital  snrvey  of  Philadelphia  in  1014.  J.  W. 
Barkley,  -11,  is  snpervisino;  director  of  school  play  grounds  of 
Cleveland,  O.  Leroy  Peterson.  '13,  is  executive  secretary  of 
the  police  board  of  the  Cit}-  of  New  York. 

The  following  alumni  are  identified  with  the  work  of  the 
Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  D.  G.  Latshaw,  '05,  as 
international  field  secretary,  T.  I.  Bordwell,  '00,  at  San  Paolo, 
Brazil.  (J.  A.  Kichmire.  '00,  secretary  at  Battle  Creek,  Mich., 
Edgar  M.  Hall,  '0.'),  general  secretary  at  Kaleigh.  X.  C. 
C.  L.  Chase.  '03.  secretary  at  Cambridge.  Mass..  J.  J.  Squier, 
'03.  at  Sacramento.  Calif..  H.  J.  Wieler.  '14.  57th  Street.  N.  Y. 

In  the  Federal  Government  employ  are  tliese  among  other 
alumni:  T.  B.  Mackey.  'TS.  post-office  superintendent.  East 
Liverpool.  O. ;  Capt.  S.  M.  Decker.  'SI,  War  r)e])artment. 
AVashington.  D.  C. ;  AY.  AI.  Beck.  'S5.  Post-office  Dpeartment. 
AA'ashington :  A.  E.  Bahlwin,  '00.  assistant  chief  of  Comput- 
ing Division.  Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey.  AA'ashington,  D.  C. : 
B.  B.  Derickson.  "05.  assistant  su])erintendent  U.  S.  Survey: 
(\  A.  lV)rter.  '07.  is  examiner  of  accounts.  Interstate  Commerce; 
G.  AY.  Boulger.  'Of>.  assistant  ]>ostmaster,  Greenville.  Pa.; 
E.  (\.  Stackpole,  'OG.  assistant  postuiaster.  Tampa.  Fla.:  Dr. 
E.  F.  Phillips.  '00.  Bureau  of  Entomology.  AA'ashington.  D.  C. ; 
J.  E.  Fitzgerald,  '02.  Division  of  Foreign  Alarkets.  Depart- 
ment of  Commerce,  AA'ashington.  D.  C. 

IN  E\CiINEP:RING 

AY.  S.  Twiiiiug.  'S7.  aftei'  graduation  was  instructor  in 
civil  (MigiiKHM-iug  in  Allcgheuy  for  three  years.  He  then,  under 
Die  Tlioiii])son-Houst(Mi  Com])any,  had  charge  of  the  ])ioneer 
electric  railway  construction  in  several  cities.  In  1S0:>  he 
became  assistant  engineer  of  the  Peo])le's  Traction  Comi»any, 
of  lMiilad<»l]»hia.  and  chief  engineer  of  the  T'liion  Traction  in 
1S05.  AVheii  the  Philadelpliia  lva])id  Transit  Com])any  in 
lOCH*    absoibed    tlie    old    oi-ganizat ion    and    built    Ihe    Alarket 

[   -54   ] 


HISTORY  OF  alli:oiii-:ny  college 

Street  Subway  and  l^lcvate*!.  ^[r.  Twininjj:  was  in  charge  of 
the  w<uk.  This  notable  enjiineerinj;-  established  his  national 
reputation.  From  1!>1(>  he  was  consult ing'  engineer  with  the 
linn  of  i-'ord,  Bacon  and  Davis,  of  New  York,  for  five  years, 
when  lie  A\as  recalled  to  riiihulelphia  by  its  Mayor  to  be  ])i- 
rector  of  (Mty  Transit,  an  appointment  based  ujton  merit  and 
not  upon  ])olitics. 

J.  A\'.  Silliman,  'S!).  has  been  engaged  in  street  railway 
engineering  in  the  Northwest  and  in  IMiiladelphia..  He  is  now 
assistant  engineer  in  the  Bureau  of  Highways  of  the  Public 
Works  of  Philadelphia.  James  E.  Hood,  '90,  is  su])erintendent 
of  the  Bedlington  and  Nelson  li.  11.  of  ^fontana ;  J.  A.  Knox, 
'91,  is  engaged  in  his  ])rofession  in  St.  Louis;  (1.  B.  Davis, 
'Oo.  has  been  emjdoyed  in  Chihuahua,  Mexico,  and  A.  M. 
Evans,  '93,  in  the  ^lontreal  Department  of  IJoads,  Canada. 

Paul  Peisinger,  '9:>,  is  sui)erintendent  of  the  Arizona  and 
New  Mexico  P.  P.;  Edwin  D.  Peed,  '9-t,  after  serving  as  en- 
gineer with  the  Scranton  Pailway  Company,  became  general 
manager  of  the  Lewiston,  Maine,  system.  Since  1908  he  has 
been  general  superintendent  of  the  Chattanooga  P;nlway  and 
Light  Com])any.  Edwin  X.  Smith,  '94,  is  district  engineer  of 
maintenance  of  way  of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio,  with  head- 
quarters at  Wheeling,  W.  Xd.:  A.  W.  Thornton,  '90.  maintains 
an  otlice  in  McKeesport,  Pa. 

Frank  T.  Darrow,  '97,  began  with  the  C  B.  ^K:  Q.  Lines 
west  of  the  Missouri  Piver  as  a  rodnmn  the  month  after  his 
graduation.  He  has  a<lvanced  to  be  the  head  of  the  engineer- 
ing department  of  the  west  half  of  the  system,  having  5000 
miles  under  his  sujiervision  as  Chief  Engineer  of  ^Maintenance 
of  Way.  His  pre-eminence  in  his  profession  was  fixed  by  his 
notable  construction  of  the  great  bridge  over  the  Missouri  at 
Plattsmouth  in  1913.  Cliai-les  A.  MacTntyre,  '97,  has  been  for 
ovei-  t(Mi  years  the  responsible  assistant  engineer  of  the  H.  C. 
Frick  Comj^any  at  Scottdale,  Pa. 

S.  AV.  Curtis,  '97,  is  a  consulting  engineer  in  San  Fran- 
cisco, and  Oren  B.  Higley,  '97,  in  Pittsburgh;  Chas.  A.  Stelle, 
'98,  has  seen  im]iortant  raili'oad  service,  having  been  division 

[  535  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

engineer  of  the  Wheeling  and  Lake  Erie,  1908-13,  and  of  the 
Chicago  and  Alton  from  1913,  with  headquarters  at  Bloom- 
ington.  111.;  J.  AV.  Wilkinson,  '98.  is  assistant  engineer  of  the 
X.  Y'.  C.  &  St.  L.  K.  E.,  operating  from  Cleveland;  James  P. 
Prindle.  '98,  is  a  successful  contractor  in  Batavia,  111. 

Clifford  S.  Leet,  '99.  after  a  period  in  the  engineering  de- 
partment, was  made  land  agent  of  the  Bessemer  and  Lake 
Erie;  B.  I.  Weller.  '99.  is  a  structural  engineer  in  Chicago; 
J.  B.  Myers.  '00.  is  the  division  engineer  of  the  B.  &  O.,  of 
the  important  Cumberland  Division  ;  J.  AV.  Billingsley,  '01,  is 
a  consulting  engineer  in  New  Orleans;  AA'.  C.  AA'elker,  '02,  is 
civil  engineer  for  tlie  Alahoning  and  Shenango  Railway  and 
Light  Company,  of  Yonngstown,  O. ;  H.  C.  Hopkins,  '02,  has 
his  office  in  Los  Angeles,  and  R.  B.  Stebbins,  '02,  in  Pitts- 
burgli ;  C.  E.  Douglas,  '01,  is  in  the  Evaluation  Department  of 
tlie  Bessemer  R.  R.  at  Greenville,  Pa. 

Stuart  AA\  Jackson,  '03,  is  division  engineer  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania State  Higliway  Department ;  T.  F.  Lininger,  '03,  is 
city  engineer  of  Conneaut,  O. ;  John  Tordella,  '03,  is  division 
engineer  of  the  B.  &  O.  at  Newark,  O. ;  B.  J.  Randall,  '03,  is 
an  electrical  engineer  in  Schenectady,  N.  Y. ;  Fre<l  Conover, 
'04,  follows  his  profession  in  Zanesville,  O.,  and  C.  R.  Hayes, 
'04.  is  employed  in  Dallas,  Texas;  Roy  F.  Shepard,  '04.  is 
civil  engineei-  with  the  Carnegie  Steel  Company,  of  Home- 
stead, Pa.;  V.  AA'.  Strickler,  '04,  is  a  su])ervising  engineer  with 
tlie  Erie  R.  R. 

AV.  A.  AVynn,  '0.~),  is  head  engineer  of  the  Bureau  of  Town- 
sliiji  Highways,  Pennsylvania;  V.  If.  Larder,  '0.").  is  enqdoyed 
in  Chattanooga;  H.  Af.  Crawford.  "0.'),  is  sni»erintendent  of 
the  Afonongahela  R.  If.,  of  I'row  iisville,  I'a.;  Fred  ffar])er,  'Oo, 
is  city  engineer  of  Butler,  Pa.;  J.  A.  Saunders.  'O.'*.  is  an  elec- 
ti-ical  engineer  in  Aurora,  111.;  f^.  G.  Gartnei*.  "0(».  is  with  the 
f.  S.  Sur\-ey;  AV.  B.  Hotson,  '0(1,  is  assistant  engineer  of  the 
Elgin,  Joliet  and  Eastern  R.  !{.;  James  A..  Small,  '0(1,  is 
assistant  engineer  of  the  New  A'ork  State  ffighway  Dejtart- 
nuMit. 

Ifarry   Afax   Jones.   '00.   aftei*  engineering   woik    with    coal 

r  .":u;  1 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

eoinpaiiios  in  Kentucky  and  I'ennsylvania,  is  now  division  en- 
fjineor  of  tlie  Kocky  Mountain  Fuel  Company,  Denver;  B.  F. 
Miller,  '07,  is  city  en<iineer  of  Meadville,  l*a.;  Kay  Vosler, 
'07,  was  city  enoineer  of  Greenville,  Pa.,  11)1  i^.');  F.  T.  Fish, 
'07,  is  with  tlie  I'ennsylvania  IJailroad  at  IMiiladelphia ;  A.  AV. 
Donaldson,  '07,  has  an  office  at  Titusville,  Fla.;  J.  M.  SeyboU, 
'07,  is  with  the  C  S.  Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey  in  Maryland; 
G.  G.  .Martin,  '07,  is  supervisor  of  track  of  the  Bessemer  K.  R. ; 
H.  H.  Stanley,  '08,  is  in  the  Bittsburjih  offices  of  the  Hope 
Natural  Gas  Company;  AY.  A.  Cappeau,  '08,  is  in  the  Pitts- 
buro-h  offices  of  the  B.  ^V:  O. ;  C.  S.  Fullerton,  '08,  is  assistant 
county  en<iineer  at  l*ainesville,  O. 

J.  Af.  Blake,  '08,  is  chief  engineer  of  the  Erie  Steel  Con- 
struction Company,  Erie,  Pa.;  Robert  Ginu,  '08,  is  on  the 
eno'ineerin<^  statf  of  the  Bessemer  R.  R.;  Francis  Irvine,  '08, 
is  assistant  division  enoiueer  of  the  B.  &  O.  at  AA"heelin*>', 
AA\  A"a.;  ITuj>h  Nelson,  '08,  is  civil  enjjineer  for  the  I'ortland 
Bridge  Com])any,  Oregon;  F.  (i.  Smith,  '08,  is  with  the  New 
A'ork  Central;  Ralpli  Cole,  '00,  has  an  office  in  Ardmore, 
Okla.;  Ral])h  Aliller.  '09,  is  with  the  C.  B.  &  Q.  at  Sheridan, 
AA'yoniing;  G.  II.  Ruhling,  '00,  is  de])uty  county  engineer  at 
Tiffin,  O.;  AA'.  I'.  Ball.  '10,  is  topographer  of  the  A'aluatiou 
Division  of  the  C.  11.  .^  D.  Ry. ;  H.  D.  Ililborn.  '10,  is  the 
bridge  engineer  of  tlie  Alaintenance  of  AA'ay  of  the  C.  B.  &  Q. 
at  Lincoln,  Neb. 

Roy  L.  IMiillips,  '10,  is  a  member  of  the  consulting  Ann 
of  Aliller,  '08,  and  Phillips,  Aleadville,  Pa.;  lOssex  Penman, 
'10.  is  with  the  I^nion  Railway,  AYest  Newton,  Pa.;  R.  AY. 
Bricker,  '11,  is  eni])loyed  by  tlie  State  Engineering  De])art- 
meiit;  B.  AY.  David,  '11.  is  an  electrical  engineer  in  Cleveland; 
C.  C.  (Jrant.  Ml,  is  with  the  (\  C.  C.  c^  St.  L.  1{.  R.  at  Cin- 
cinnati; N.  R.  :Mo()re,  '11.  is  located  at  A'anderbilt,  Pa.;  C.  R. 
Adsit.  '01.  is  a  su])ervisor  of  the  IMiiladel])liia  Division  of  the 
B.  lK:  O.  ;  AY.  li.  Grant,  '12.  is  assistant  engineer  of  the  De- 
troit AYatei-  AVorks  Board;  C.  II.  Clarke,  '12,  is  city  engineer 
of  Greenville,  Pa. 

[  '>'^><    ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

ALUMNAE 

Mrs.  Louise  McCliiitock  Kvirtz.  *77,  after  teaching  iu  the 
Meadville  High  !??cho(>l  and  being  supervisor  of  music  in  the 
Oil  City  Schools,  became  an  efficient  member  of  the  Allegheny 
College  Faculty,  serving  as  precei)tress  of  Hulings  Hall  and 
instructor  in  French  and  History.  1 884-0.  She  was  later  a 
teacher  in  the  Lock  Haven  Normal  School.  I'ennsylvania.  and 
the  Moorhead  Normal  School.  ^linnesota.  In  1800  she  was 
married  to  Mr.  T.  C.  Kurtz  and  their  home  is  in  lN)rtland, 
Oregon. 

Mrs.  Harriett  Linn  Beebe.  -80.  was  the  first  ])receptress  of 
Hulings  Hall.  In  188;{  she  was  married  to  Dr.  R.  C.  Beebe 
and  went  to  Naidving.  China,  where  her  husband  had  charge 
of  the  mission  hospital.  For  twenty  years  ^Irs.  Beebe  con- 
ducted a  growing  Bible  work  witli  the  native  women.  Then 
she  returne<l  to  Meadville  for  the  education  of  her  daughters. 
Her  impaired  health  resulte<l  in  her  death.  July  8.  1000.  She 
was  a  woman  of  strong  mentality  and  winning  personality. 

Mrs.  Gertrude  Douglas  Douglas,  '88.  studied  music  in  New 
York.  Boston,  and  Munich  after  her  graduation  and  had  a 
notable  success  as  a  singer  and  teacher  of  music  for  a  few 
years.  In  180.")  she  was  married  to  ^Ir.  (i.  W.  Douglas,  of  the 
lMiiladel])liia  Pii-j.k"  Lki)(;kr.  and  lives  at  Landsdowne.  Fa. 
^Irs.  ^[yrle  Kice  Haynes.  -88.  after  graduation  was  a  teacher  of 
languages  and  organizer  of  village  lil»raries  in  >Iichigan.  Slie 
was  married  in  1808  to  Dr.  W.  M.  Haynes  and  lives  in  Mans- 
fiebl,  O. 

Mrs.  Henrietta  ^lillei-  Couse,  '01.  lauglit  Latin  and  G<'r- 
man  for  three  years  and  was  married  to  Mi'.  E.  I*.  Couse.  '80. 
She  is  now  the  (alitor  of  tlie  r'r.in'KU-^Ioxnitu  of  Bi'ownsville. 
Fa.  Miss  (Ji-acc  ^^  Henderson.  '!I2.  of  Fittsbui-gh.  made  a 
study  of  law,  but  has  not  entered  its  ]»ractice.  She  is  also  a 
musical  composei'  and  active  in  tlie  literary  and  musical  cii'cles 
of  liei-  city.  ]Miss  lOlla  I'.mei-y.  '0:i.  is  a  bank  *ashier  in  Mill- 
boi'o.  Ta. 

Miss  El\a  L.  Bascom.  '04.  after  serving  on  the  Ciiattai- 
•  .MAv  editoriiil  stall',  became  assistant  State  Librarian  of 
New    ^'oi-k.      l-'rctin    lOOS]:;   she   was   editor   <»r   the   American 

f  .-»:{8  1 


lirSTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

Lihraiy  Association  Book-list.  In  ll)i;>  Miss  Basconi  was 
luado  cliiof  of  tlie  J^ook  Selection  Department  of  the  Wis- 
consin Librajy  Coinniission.  She  is  the  author  of  '"Libraiy 
AVoi'k  for  Gollej^e  Women,"  and  "Nature  Stndy  ]{ea(lin<»;  List." 
Slie  Avas  tlie  editor  of  the  A.  L.  A.  Catalogue,  l!i(»4-ll. 

Mrs.  Millicent  Davis  Dilley,  '!»(>,  after  <iraduation  was  pre- 
ce]»tress  of  Dickinson  Seminary  and  assistant  secretary  of  the 
Wilkes-Barre  Y.  W.  (,\  A.  In  liiOO  she  married  Mr.  Arthur 
Dilley  and  resides  at  I'elham  ^Nlanor,  N.  Y..  Miss  Blanche 
Bascom.  'OT.  studied  art  at  Pratt  Institute,  Brooklyn,  and 
since  1!)12  has  been  Director  of  Art  at  Otterbein  College. 
She  is  instructor  in  craft  work  in  summer  Chautaucpias. 

Dr.  ^I.  Blanche  Best.  '07,  was  instructor  in  ])hysical  cul- 
ture in  Allegheny,  lS!)0-7.  She  studied  medicine  in  the  L^ni- 
versity  of  Toronto  and  became  resident  ])hysician  in  the 
Kingsley  House  settlement  of  Pittsburgh.  She  was  also  as- 
sistant ])liysiciau  of  the  State  Asylum  at  Warren,  Pa.  For 
a  dozen  years  Dr.  Best  has  l)een  a  successful  ]iractitioner  in 
Meadville.  as  well  as  actively  connected  with  several  enter- 
prises for  community  welfare. 

Mrs.  Louise  Bolard  More.  '08.  after  two  year;--  in  Allegheny, 
was  graduated  from  Wellesley  College.  While  engaged  as  a 
settlement  worker  in  New  York  City  she  prepared  an  authori- 
tative study  entitled  "Wage-Earners  Budgets."  She  was  mar- 
ried in  1004  to  ^Ir.  C.  H.  :\rore,  of  Denver,  Col.  :Miss  Harriot 
Hassler,  '08,  studied  in  the  Pratt  Library  School  and  was 
later  connected  with  the  John  Crerar  Library  of  Chicago  and 
the  Portland,  Oregon.  Library.  She  is  now  supervisor  of 
libraries  in  I)rooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Miss  Sabra  Vought,  '00,  was  librarian  of  the  Fniversity  of 
Tennessee,  1002-12,  and  then  in  the  Ohio  State  Library,  ^fiss 
Edith  Iiowley,  '0."),  has  been  librarian  of  Allegheny  College 
since  1007.  Miss  Nora  Giele.  '00.  is  librarian  at  New  Castle, 
Pa.  ]Miss  Anna  Tarr,  '00,  is  librarian  at  Clinton.  la.  Miss 
Nelle  Cam]>bell.  '10.  is  on  the  staff  of  the  Book  TJeview  Digest. 
New  York  City. 

Mi-s.    Helen    Hempstead    Furrer.    "00.    took    ]iost-graduate 

[  r,:io  ] 


HISTOKY   OF  ALLEGHENY   COLLEGE 

work  in  Goniell  University  an<l  then  entered  the  Medical 
f^chool  of  Johns  Hopkins  University,  where  she  was  gradnated 
witli  distinction  in  1005.  She  practiced  her  profession  in 
Cleveland.  O..  and  was  married  in  1015  to  Mr.  A.  F.  Furrer. 
Miss  Josephine  Hnll,  'OO,  is  supervisor  of  nurses  in  Brook- 
lyn. N.  Y.  Mrs.  Myra  Willson  Colluni.  '11,  was  graduated  in 
pharmacy  from  the  University  of  l*ittsl>urgh  ami  is  a  drug- 
gist in  Sharon.  l*a. 

Mrs.  Edna  Young  Keed.  '02,  studied  in  the  Moody  Bible 
Institute  of  Cliicago  and  the  Conservatory  of  Music.  She  is 
an  evangelist  and  composer  of  hymns,  also  a  serial  and  short 
story  writer.  Slie  is  tlie  author  of  "Holiday  and  Every  Day 
Melodies,"  and  "Tlie  Liberty  Bell."'  Slie  was  married  in  1010 
to  Kev.  C.  M.  Keed. 

Mrs.  Austa  Densmore  Sturtevant.  "TO.  studied  art  in  New 
York  and  in  Paris  witli  Collin.  Slie  received  Honorable  Men- 
tion in  the  Sab)n  of  1805.  Mrs.  Sturtevant  has  excelled  as  a 
portrait  j>ainter.  Mrs.  ^Lind  Koudebush  Barling.  'ST.  studied 
music  in  Paris  and  sang  there  in  (Jrand  ()])era.  She  was  en- 
gaged for  a  lime  in  c<nicert  work  in  New  York.  Slie  was 
married  in  lOOT  to  W.  AY.  Barling. 


Lake  (ieorge"  in  \hhh 


ilO   ] 


CHAPTKR  XV 

THE  CENTENNIAL  CELEBRATION 

A  ]»aj;eaiit,  a  conference 
and  a  home  gathering  fea- 
tnred  the  celebration  of  thti 
one-hnndredth  anniversary 
of  the  founding  of  Allegheny 
College.  Tlie  great  event 
was  early  in  mind.  The  first 
note  of  anticipation  was 
sounded  by  President  Craw- 
ford a  score  of  years  prior. 
The  brilliant  success  of  the 
Centenary  Week  was  possi- 
ble only  because  of  the  long 
preparation.  The  plans  laid 
were  so  ambitious,  so  unique 
and  so  minute  that  their 
exact  fulfillment  brought  Al- 
leglieny  in  truth  to  the  climax  of  its  fame,  just  as  its  century 
ended. 

Alumni,  Trustees,  Faculty,  students  and  citizens  co-oper- 
ated so  unreservedly,  that  even  before  the  first  giiest  arrived 
u])on  the  campus,  it  was  e\ident  the  actualities  of  the  anni- 
versary would  sur])ass  all  dreams  and  sanguine  desires  for 
the  occasion.  Ample  provision  had  been  nmde  for  thousands 
of  visitors.  The  college  grounds  Avere  never  more  attractive 
in  their  diversified  beauty.  Old  Bentley  had  been  given  new 
adornment  from  ancient  tower  to  basement,  and  silhouetted  at 
night  in  lines  of  light  it  shone  far  distant  over  the  valley  to 
Kennedy  Hill  beyond,  a  beacon  to  the  returning  sons  and 
daughters  of  Allegheny. 

What  a  royal  welcome  awaited  them  on  Saturday  night, 
June  IDtlil    And  they  had  come  many  hundred  strong  for  the 

[   '^^1   ] 


lOO^/lNNIVERSARY 

/ILLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

HISTORICAL  PAGEANT 
JUNE  ai-aa-aA 


HISTOIiY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

opening  reception.  Thev  were  present  from  India,  China, 
Mexifo  and  Chili,  from  Texas  and  the  Pacific  >>lope.  The  pro- 
fessors extended  greetings  in  the  lecture  rooms  and  labora- 
tories. Hnlings  Hall,  Cochran  Hall  and  the  fraternity  homes 
kept  open  house.  Classmates,  separated  a  quarter,  a  half 
century,  met  again.  The  alumnus  of  1879  found  a  brother  in 
the  young  graduate  of  1011.  Reminiscences  held  full  sway 
tintil  the  midnight  hour.  Cordiality,  comradeship,  fervent 
loyalty  to  the  old  college,  warm  felicitations  on  its  striking 
progress  abounded.     It  was  an  ide^l  home-coming. 

The  ^^abbath,  morning  and  night,  was  given  in  the  familiar 
Stone  Cliurch  to  the  consideration  of  the  Christian  college. 


W;  . ,)*./.:, 

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bJUHHIHIHIIhr ''^'''fl 

The  Stone  Church 


The  sentiment  of  the  ancient  seal  of  Allegheny  expressed  the 
religious  ]>ur]»os«'  of  the  founders,  "To  your  faith  virtue,  and  to 
your  virtue  knowledge."  Hishoj)  W.  F.  AfcDowell  ])reached 
the  anniversary  sermon  on  the  theme,  *'TIie  place  of  Christ  in 
the  Christian  College".  It  was  an  enheartening  message  of 
faith  to  the  <»ne  liuiidred  and  three  members  of  the  graduating 
class.  Avho  held  the  seats  of  honor.  At  night  Dr.  Thomas 
Nicholson,  of  the  ^lethodist    Hoard  of  Education,   and    Presi- 


A'l 


IIISTOKY  OF  ALLEdllEXY   TOLLEOE 

(lent  Henry  (Mnii-cliill  Kiii<;\  of  Obcrlin  Collej^o,  discussed  with 
iiiiich  power  llie  influence  of  the  Christian  college  upon  men, 
movements  and  the  making  of  America. 

Tlie  afternoon  of  this  anniversary  day  was  marked  by  a 
ralh'  of  tlie  missionaries  of  Allegheny.  Bishop  Burt,  as  pre- 
siding officer,  brought  of  his  rich  experiences  in  European 
fields.  Bishops  Oldham  and  Thoburn  for  India,  IJev.  George 
S.  Miner  for  China  and  Miss  Laura  Temple  for  Mexico  gave 
reports  of  conditions  in  the  lands  where  more  than  two  score 
alumni  of  the  college  have  labored  with  distinction. 

The  chief  historic  incident  of  the  entire  week  came  at  dusk 
Sabbath  at  the  precise  time  of  "early  candle  lighting",  June 
20.  1815,  when  upon  the  site  of  the  old  Log  Court  House  on  the 
Diamond,  now  the  residence  of  Mr.  Adrian  W.  McCoy,  the 
foundation  meeting  of  Allegheny  College  was  commemorated. 
Many  descendants  of  the  gentlemen  who  organized  the  institu- 
tion a  century  before  were  present.  Addresses  were  made  by 
Mr.  John  E.  Reynolds,  Mayor  of  Meadville,  the  grandson  of 
Mr.  John  Reynolds,  the  secretary  of  the  initial  June  gathering, 
and  by  Mr.  Hugh  C.  Lord,  of  Erie,  grandson  of  Samuel  Lord, 
Esq.,  Trustee  and  donor  of  the  original  campus  of  five  acres. 
Mr.  Reynolds  portrayed  vividly  the  community  enterprise  of 
early  Meadville  in  business,  literature,  religion  and  educa- 
tion. The  village  of  1815  was  made  to  live  again  as  its  several 
citizens  were  marshalled  with  accurate  historic  touch.  After 
the  narration  of  the  court  house  meeting,  a  gracious  tribute 
was  paid  to  the  college  which  has  now  become  the  fulfillment 
of  the  dream  of  Timothy  Alden. 

In  the  remarks  of  Mr.  Lord  the  log  court  house  was  used 
as  typical  of  American  origins  and  the  fitting  cradle  of  the 
institution,  whose  mission  has  been  to  lead  to  a  truer  concep- 
tion of  national  ideals  and  duties  of  citizenship.  He  said  in 
conclusion : 

"We  are  here  voicing  our  appreciation,  our  obligation  and  our  ven- 
eration of  the  men  of  the  foundation  meeting.  We  are  here  in  the 
afterglow  of  the  passing  century,  in  the  reflection  of  the  achievement 
of  a  glorious  past,  restful  in  the  sense  of  work  well  done,  trusting  that 
in  God's  providence  we  may   at  such  a  time   amid  these  surroundings 

[  -^43  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

and    these    memories    receive    from    the    spirit    of    the    founders    their 
optimism,  their  willingness  and  their  will  to  do." 

Of  the  days  that  followed  it  was  difficult  to  say  which  was 
the  busiest  aud  which  was  the  best.  Each  tweuty-four  hours 
commanded  rapt,  absorbing  interest.  The  progi'am  of  the  en- 
tire celebration  was  surpassingly  rich  in  its  varied,  excellent 
features,  while  it  was  extraordiary  in  the  number  of  eminent 
persons  who  lent  their  services  to  the  anniversary  exercises. 
Every  day  was  alumni  day,  but  Monday  was  the  sj)ecial  time 
for  reunions.  The  Centennial  Class  of  1915  became  alumni  of 
the  college  in  the  morning,  the  address  to  the  graduates  being 
made  by  Chancellor  S.  B.  McCormick,  of  the  University  of 
Pittsburgh. 

The  class  breakfasts  came  at  twelve  o'clock.  Eighteen  sev- 
enty-five met  with  Mrs.  E.  A.  Hempstead,  ISSO  with  Hon.  A.  L. 
Bates,  18S4  went  to  the  Country  Club  and  1890  to  Saegertown, 
while  188.").  1891,  1892  aud  1893  were  at  the  various  city  church 
parlors.  Tlie  classes  of  '97,  '98,  '99  and  00  inaugurated  a  new 
feature  in  being  served  as  a  "■'college  generation"  group  on  the 
campus.  This  plan  of  reunion  will  likely  be  largely  adopted 
in  coming  Junes.  From  1901  to  1915,  all  the  classes  held 
successful  gatherings.  1911  making  the  largest  proportional 
showing.  A  great  tent  had  been  pitched  in  the  rear  of  Bentley 
and  here  one  thousand  joined  in  the  alumni  banquet  at  night. 

The  .supreme  jollity  of  tlie  Centenary  broke  loose  on  that 
occasion.  It  was  the  most  stirring  exhibition  of  Alleghent 
spirit  and  loyalty  tliat  tlie  college  ever  knew.  It  was  the  one 
time  of  the  week  when  all  llie  students  of  other  days  could  be 
located  as  the  class  numerals  on  the  tables  indicated  their 
presence.  No  ojteniiig  was  allowed  for  speeclies.  The  cheer- 
ing l)ecam('  conlinuous  l>efore  tlie  menu  was  concluded.  The 
])arade  of  the  classes  about  the  tent  raised  enthusiasm  to  a 
fever  heat.  1915.  1911  witli  lis  brass  band.  1901  with  Dr.  IJobert 
Bi-owii  leading.  1890  and  many  others  engaging.  When  the 
baufpieters  emerged,  the  campns  was  transformed  into  a  fairy 
land.  A  myriad  of  Japanese  lanterns  danced  in  the  breeze 
along  every  walk  and  in  all  the  nooks  and  corners.  Bentley 
Hall  tlaiiie<l  in  electric  biilliance  and  the  gi-eat  throng  of  visit- 


HISTORY  OF  ALLE(J11]0XY   COLLEGE 


"^i^g^'^^' 


} 


To  MontKomery  Field 

oi'S,  citizens  and  students  passed  under  the  arch  of  welcome 
above  liiiter  Hall  to  Mont<>()niei'y  Fiel(L  Here  a  thrilling, 
tliunderons  disphiy  of  fireworks  closed  the  si)ectacular  jubilee 
features  of  the  big  Alumni  Day. 

But  other  notable  exercises  had  crowded  rhe  hours  of  this 
amazing  Monday.  Ford  Memorial  Chapel  long  before  two 
o'clock  could  contain  but  a  fraction  of  the  multitude  eager  to 
liear  the  addresses  of  the  distinguished  alumni  who  gave  the 
Alma  Mater  program.  The  four  able  messages  constitute 
abiding  contributions  to  the  history  of  Allegheny  and  tlieir 
sympathetic  interpretation  of  its  ideals  and  its  achievements 
set  a  standard  for  all  subsequent  a])]»raisement  of  the  college. 
The  historical  address  was  made  by  Dr.  Ida  M.  Tarbell,  'SO. 

tup:  historical  Ar)DRP:ss 

"The  most  significant  and  inspiring  fact  in  the  recent  life  of  Alle- 
gheny College  is  the  unfolding  of  her  history.  To  hundreds  of  her 
sons  and  daughters  it  has  become  as  a  discovery  that  she  could  be  said 
to  have  a  history.  What  has  the  college  been  in  our  minds  that  this 
is  true?  A  group  of  men  to  whom  we  owe  a  debt  we  gladly  acknow- 
ledge— a  group  of  college  mates  scattered  and  rarely  seen — a  few 
clear  cut  reminiscences,  grave  or  gay — something  personal,  very  dear, 
yet  shadowy — her  benefits  believed  in,  yet  hard  to  analyze.  She  was 
our  college,  that  was  enough. 

[    •"'»4-->    ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

That  she  was  also  an  institution  born  of  the  same  enthusiasm,  the 
same  faith  and  daring  as  had  settled  this  country  and  given  it  its 
declaration  of  principles  and  its  form  of  government — that  she  was 
even  known  to  many  of  those  whom  we  call  the  Fathers  and  had 
received  from  them  material  support — this  we  had  never  realized. 

No  more  fully  had  we  realized  what  it  cost  her  in  courage,  in 
patience  and  in  efrort  to  live  through  a  hundred  years  without  viola- 
lion  of  the  principles  on  which  she  was  founded  and  without  closing 
her  mind  to  the  fresh  calls  of  the  succeeding  generations.  This  our 
old  college  has  done.     Her  history  is  the  story  of  this  achievement. 

If  the  Rev.  Timothy  Alden,  distinguished  scholar  and  enthusiastic 
pleader  as  he  was,  had  not  already  done  a  good  two  months'  work  in 
the  village  of  Mead,  he  would  certainly  not  have  been  able  to  have 
persuaded  the  gentlemen  he  met  June  20th,  181 5,  in  the  log  court  house 
to  commit  themselves  to  so  daring  an  adventure  as  they  undertook. 
But  why  did  they  promise  to  lay  the  foundation  of  a  seminary  devoted 
to  the  liberal  arts  and  sciences  in  a  community  of  but  four  score 
families,  remote  from  cities?  If  it  had  been  a  grist  mill,  a  stage  line 
to  Buffalo  or  Pittsburgh  that  Timothy  Alden  had  proposed,  we  could 
have  readily  understood  it,  but  a  college! 

They  committed  themselves  to  the  project,  which  looks  to  the 
practical  mind  of  today  so  chimerical,  not  merely  because  the  founder 
came  to  them  filled  with  his  zeal  for  'religion,  literature  and  science'. 
They  like  him  had  pioneer  blood  in  their  veins  and  had  tasted  of  the 
hardships  as  well  as  the  rewards  of  the  pioneer.  When  he  told  them 
that  the  land  they  occupied  was  destined  to  be  overspread  with  as  many 
inhabitants  as  any  interior  section,  they  warmed  to  his  enthusiasm. 
They  had  been  trained  to  believe  as  he  had  that  the  future  of  the 
United  States  depended  not  on  wealth  or  armies,  but  on  'knowledge, 
virtue  and  religion".  These  were  not  words  to  them  any  more  than  to 
Timothy  Alden.      They  were  facts. 

These  men  of  .Meadville  knew  nothing  could  preserve  the  Republic 
but  a  continued  belief  in  the  ideas  upon  which  it  had  been  founded. 
These  must  be  kept  alive  and  working.  Let  them  become  mere  tradi- 
tional phrases,  formulae  repeated  but  not  followed  in  deeds  and  in 
spirit,  and  there  was  nothing  for  it  but  a  return  to  kings  and  emperors 
and  militarism.  It  was  because  the  early  Meads  and  Reynoldses  and  Dicks 
and  Farrelleys  and  Huidekopers  and  Morrisons  believed  this  that  they 
joined  Timothy  Alden  and  gavj  him  the  support  they  did — a  support 
without  which  it  should  never  be  forgotten  there  never  could  h?ve  been 
an  Allegheny  College. 

The  campaign  in  the  interests  of  the  college  which  followed  was 
unique  in  methods  redolent  of  the  times,  and  yet  as  aggressive  as  that 
of  the  most  modern  college  president.  There  was  little  money  to  be 
had  from   the   East,   but   the  one  thing  that  could  be  given  was  books. 


Ill  STORY  OF  ALLEOIIEXY   COLLEGE 

They  were  a  more  inspiring  symbol,  a  more  convincing  proof  of  sta- 
bility than  ever  money  would  have  been.  It  was  a  day  when  books 
were  still  so  rare  that  they  were  treasured  and  read.  1  do  not  think 
that  we  can  overestimate  the  shrewdness  with  which  Timothy  Alder- 
used  the  library  so  marvelously  brought  together  to  build  on.  With  a 
boldness  which  seems  foolhardy  today  as  we  look  back,  the  Trustees 
supported  him  in  beginning  the  structure  which  has  always  been  the 
pride  of  the  college,  Bentley  Hall.  It  was  Bentley's  books  which  gave  it 
its  name. 

By  the  end  of  the  first  decade  and  a  half  of  its  life  the  new  institu- 
tion had  a  handsome  reputation  in  the  East.  But  in  the  town  of  Mead 
there  was  another  story.  Alden  had  done  the  impossible  in  erecting  a 
building,  but  the  college  was  little  less  than  the  shell  of  a  dream.  It 
had  no  teacher  save  the  president,  no  funds,  no  students.  What  did  it 
profit,  this  sacrifice,  this  begging  at  the  doors  of  the  State  Treasury, 
this  besieging  of  the  learned  and  the  rich  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  if  there 
were   no  young  men  who  wanted  a  college? 

Reluctantly  and  slowly  the  situation  was  forced  on  Timothy  Alden. 
He  had  to  admit  that  he  had  done  all  he  could.  The  time  had  come 
as  it  does  so  often  in  the  careers  of  men  of  prophetic  ideal?  and  com- 
pelling enthusiasms  when  their  zeal  and  words  lose  their  contagious 
powers.  After  the  dignified  letter  of  resignation,  he  left  Meadville  in 
1831.  It  was  seventy-seven  years  before  he  came  back;  then  it  was  to 
the  cemetery  on  the  hill.  It  was  fitting  that  he  should  have  been 
brought  back  with  honors  and  every  effort  made  to  impress  the  college 
with  his  relation  to  it.  In  my  time  Timothy  Alden  was  a  name  and  a 
date,  nothing  more.  Today  we  know  we  are  here  because  of  his  belief 
that  this  Government  under  Almighty  God  depends  upon  'knowledge, 
virtue  and  religion'  and  he  for  his  part  was  willing  to  give  up  his  life 
that  more  men  should  be  taught  their  value. 

An  active  religious  body  of  Western  Pennsylvania  came  to  the 
rescue  of  the  melancholy  building  on  the  hill  in  183  3.  The  Pittsburgh 
Conference  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  wanted  a  college.  Here 
was  a  plant  of  fine  tradition  going  to  seed.  The  fact  that  the  Confer- 
ence took  Allegheny  under  its  patronage,  though  important  in  the 
history  of  the  college,  is  of  less  moment  than  the  terms  of  arrange- 
ment. The  spirit  and  the  letter  of  the  liberal  principles  of  the  original 
charter  were  to  be  scrupulously  observed.  Nothing  sectarian  would 
be  introduced. 

The  idea  of  the  function  of  a  college  held  by  these  earlv  Metho- 
dists is  worthy  in  spirit  and  in  form  of  the  attention  of  every  thoughtful 
man  and  woman  today  when  the  world  is  engaged  in  the  barbarous 
struggle  over  an  ideal  of  culture.  The  prospectus  thus  set  forth  the 
aims,  'the  forming  of  the  mind  and  intellectual  character  of  the  stu- 
dents for  individual  happiness  and  respectability  and  for  usefulness  in 
the  world;  to  unite  with  a  highly  cultivated  and  manly  understanding  a 


Hlt^TOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

benevolent,  enterprising  and  energetic  character'.  Nothing  in  this 
about  earning  your  living,  training  for  arms,  industry  or  agriculture. 
Understanding,  character,  service,  such  were  the  objects  of  education 
in  the  mind  of  the  new  denominational  management  of  183  3. 

The  campaign  to  raise  funds  and  gather  students  which  the  Pitts- 
burgh Conference  began  and  with  the  Erie  Conference  continued  to 
our  day  was  efficient,  stimulating  and  infinitely  picturesque.  Agents 
went  at  least  once  in  each  year  to  awaken  every  congregation  in  the 
territory  to  the  opportunitv  and  the  obligation  of  Allegheny.  The 
visit  to  the  church  was  always  announced  beforehand.  'On  next  Sun- 
day the  agent  of  the  Allegheny  College  will  occupy  this  pulpit,  pre- 
senting the  claims  of  this  institution  to  your  support." 

We  all  came  to  know  the  announcement,  even  the  sermon  by 
heart,  its  eloquent  plea  for  education,  its  no  less  eloquent  prayer  for 
help.  They  repeated  it  Sunday  after  Sunday,  but  it  seemed  always  to 
flame  with  belief.  It  would  have  been  a  dull  man  who  could  have 
stood  before  those  small  congregations  of  honest  eyed  men  and  women, 
intent  on  godliness  and  the  preservation  of  democracy,  who  could  have 
looked  at  those  eager  faces  of  youngsters,  and  not  been  moved.  The 
agents  fired  the  boys  and  the  girls  with  a  determination  to  know.  They 
made  an  education  seem  possible  as  well  as  desirable. 

Children  went  home  to  the  tireside  to  say,  i'm  going  to  college.  I 
can.  He  says  you  can  work  your  way  through'.  Parents  went  home 
with  the  purpose  to  save  for  a  scholarship.  Twenty-five,  fifty  dollars 
was  a  big  sum  in  those  days,  but  hundreds  found  it.  The  scholarship 
was  an  educuation  in  itself,  keeping  alive  ideals  and  hopes,  connecting 
families  with  the  world  of  learning.  ^\\  mother  as  a  child  heard  the 
praises  and  the  possibilities  of  Allegheny  and  became  an  eager  advocate 
for  her  brother  to  go  to  college.  Girls  were  not  as  yet  bidden.  Years 
later  her  daughter  listened  to  the  same  message.  How  much  of  her 
desire  to  have  an  education  was  due  to  this  address  of  the  agent  it 
would  be  impossible  to  say,  but  that  it  helped  it  is  certain. 

By  these  means  gradually  Timothy  Alden's  college  became  a  real 
and  living  factor  in  the  hopes  and  ambitions  of  young  and  old.  The 
college  was  brought  into  the  closest  relations  with  the  thought  of  the 
people  of  the  territorv  through  the  .Wethodist  Conferences.  If  agent, 
president  and  professor  fanned  the  passion  for  knowledge,  the  people 
in  turn  prevented  the  college  from  settling  into  scholastic  habits  of 
thought.  Quickening  radical  ideas  of  the  times  were  flowing  freely  in 
this  particuluar  area  of  the  nation.  The  patronizing  territorv  of  Alle- 
gheny College  lay  between  two  of  the  most  radical  centers  in  the 
United  States  of  the  Toriies  and  Tifties.  To  the  northeast  lav  the 
magnetic  circle  about  Rochester  of  Channing.  Gerrit  Smith.  Susan  B. 
Anthony  and  other  great  radicals;  to  the  west  was  Oberlin  College  and 
the  group  of  the  Western  Reserve. 

I    "•4S   ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEUHENY  COLLEGE 

Two  great  questions  agitated  these  sections,  the  abolition  of  slavery 
and  the  rights  of  women.  The  first,  much  as  it  disturbed  college  activi- 
ties when  war  came,  was  not  the  one  to  affect  the  structure  of  Alle- 
gheny. It  was  the  matter  of  the  rights  of  women  which  finally  forced 
itself  upon  the  governing  body  of  the  college.  In  the  year  Methodist 
patronage  was  extended  to  Allegheny,  Oberlin  College  opened  its  doors 
with  this  purpose,  'the  elevation  of  female  character  by  bringing  within 
the  reach  of  the  misjudged  sex  all  the  instruction  and  privileges  which 
have  hitherto  unreasonably  distinguished  the  leading  sex.'  How  the 
Western  Reserve  and  the  Holland  Land  Grant  must  have  been  disturbed 
at  times  by  these  ideas!  Into  the  territory,  too,  came  the  New  York. 
Tribune  with  its  brilliant  pleas  for  every  human  cause  and  for  Woman's 
Rights. 

How  often  must  the  query  have  come  to  the  Allegheny  officials, 
'Why  not  give  the  girls  a  chance?'  And  the  eyes  of  many  a  girl  wore 
a  puzzled  look  as  to  why  the  doors  were  closed  for  her  to  the  educa- 
tion so  constantly  praised.  *  *  *•  In  June,  18  70,  women  were  admitted, 
and  she  won  her  first  diploma  in  1873.  The  college  had  chosen  its 
part  with  the  new  world  not  without  misgivings.  Only  those  who  saw 
those  early  days  can  realize  what  strong  alterations  and  sacrifice  that 
feminine  invasion  involved.  But  the  admission  of  women  was  coinci- 
dent with  a  new  period  of  growth  for  the  college.  A  radical  change  is 
always  stimulating.     It  compels  the  consideration  of  new  ideas. 

The  coming  of  women  forced  Allegheny  College  into  action.  She 
must  take  care  of  them.  She  began  to  think  of  new  buildings  and  new 
ways.  It  was  the  first  step  in  the  splendid  later  growth,  for  having 
started  to  stretch  herself,  to  face  new  demands,  she  began  to  feel  the 
thrills  of  accomplishment.  Fortunate  indeed  for  her  that  in  these 
years  the  one  in  leadership  has  sympathized  with  the  ambitions  aroused 
in  the  Seventies.  The  work  carried  on  here  in  recent  decades  and  in 
the  last  score  of  years  with  especial  success  by  President  Crawford  has 
done  Allegheny  a  service  like  to  that  Timothy  Alden  rendered  with  his 
prophetic  and  inspiring  plans  and  appeals.  It  has  spread  knowledge  of 
the  college  where  she  was  unknown.  Where  she  had  one  friend  twenty- 
five  years  ago,  now  she  has  twenty.  The  Hill  gives  substantial  proofs 
of  the  new  equipment  of  the  college  for  a  larger  efficiency.  It  is  quite 
possible  we  are  too  near  this  achievement  to  properly  estimate  it  and 
the  Second  Centennial  alone  will  bring  its  adequate  appreciation. 

The  future  may  be  read  in  the  light  of  the  fidelity  of  the  past. 
Allegheny  has  grown  without  sacrifice  of  the  fundamental  ideas  which 
put  the  breath  of  life  into  her  and  to  which  she  held  true  in  the  early 
struggles.  Freedom  of  thought  and  the  development  of  understanding 
and  character  for  the  purpose  of  service  have  been  her  ideals  through 
the  century.  At  the  same  time  the  college  has  never  lost  touch  with 
the   times.      It   sent   its   sons   marching  to  war   to   preserve   the   Union. 

[  549  ] 


HIt>TOKY  OF  ALLI:GHENY  COLLEGE 

It  opened  its  doors  to  women.  It  dared  teach  the  doctrine  of  evolu- 
tion when  it  was  an  idea  almost  as  much  feared  as  a  woman  in  the 
ministry.  These  are  the  springs  of  life,  of  growth,  of  usefulness.  So 
long  as  they  are  guarded,   Allegheny  will   remain  and  expand." 

Judge  John  J.  Henderson,  vice-president  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees,  spoke  as  its  representative.  He  said  that  while  it 
liad  been  a  great  task  to  buihl  tlie  college  through  the  century, 
it  was  also  an  e(iually  arduous  labor  to  govern  it  wisely  and 
well.  It  was  the  main  function  of  the  Trustees  to  select  a 
strong  and  efficient  Faculty.  The  long  succession  of  alumni 
bore  grateful  testimony  to  the  worth  of  the  men  who  had  left 
an  endui-ing  imju'ession  upon  their  plastic  lives. 

These  teachers  had  been  versed  in  more  than  the  learning 
of  books.  The  secret  of  the  potency  of  their  infltience  lay  in 
their  i»ersonality.  There  is  danger  that  modern  education 
may  become  a  matter  of  technical  training  alone.  The  high 
])urpose  of  the  college  must  ever  be  to  make  manhood.  The 
Allegheny  of  the  future  will  be  true  to  its  original  aim  and  its 
great  o])i>ortunity.  if  it  be  content  to  remain  a  lirst-class  col- 
lege (hnoted  to  the  develo]»ment  of  scholar.ship  and  the  fornui- 
tion  of  chai-acter. 

Dr.  Charles  Bayard  Mitchell,  '70.  pastor  of  the  St.  James 
^Methodist  E])iscopal  Church,  of  Chicago,  spoke  in  behalf  of  the 
alumni.     He  said  in  part: 

"Has  it  paid  to  keep  this  college  running  for  one  hundred  years? 
The  justilication  is  found  in  its  alumni.  But  my  purpose  today  is  to 
express  the  debt  of  gratitude  we  owe  to  old  Allegheny.  The  aggregate 
of  information  gained  here  is  the  least  for  which  we  give  thanks. 
There  as  the  ability  to  think  accurately  and  to  reason  logically,  the 
raising  the  standard  of  human  friendships,  the  introduction  to  a  vaster 
world  in  which  to  live,  the  admission  into  the  charmed  circle  of 
culture  and  scholarship,  in  tine,  the  preparation  of  men  and  women 
for  that  sort  of  leadership  in  all  high  and  noble  adventures  which  are 
employed  for  the  redemption  and  elevation  of  the  race. 

We  here  learned  the  value  of  the  related  life.  The  value  of  life 
depends  upon  its  articulations.  The  student  who  later  makes  a  suc- 
cess must  master  the  art  of  human  approach.  His  influence  and  place 
will  also  depend  upon  his  relation  to  some  great  and  worthy  enter- 
prise. The  alumni  of  Allegheny  who  have  joined  themselves  to  big 
things  have  grown  large  by  the  very  contact.      We  are  indebted  to  this 

I    .-».-•()    ] 


IIISTOKY   OF  ALLEC.IIKNV   COLLEdE 

Christian  college  for  teachiiiii;  us  that  all  things  not  inherently  evil  in 
themselves  should  be  restored  to  spiritual  ends  and  uses.  We  learned 
the  reconciliation  of  the  Epicurean  and  Stoic  philosophies.  There  is  a 
true  mastery  of  livinsj,  inspired  by  the  Divine  Teacher,  who  hath  given 
us   freely   all   things  to  enjoy. 

Here  in  the  Christian  college  we  were  taught  the  true  conception 
of  the  religious  life,  that  it  tends  to  increase  and  not  to  restraint. 
The  essential  thing  of  life  is  its  regulating  motive.  Each  age  must 
apprehend  eternal  truth  in  new  and  vital  ways.  The  Christian  college 
taught  us  that  the  imperative  need  is  not  a  gospel  of  defense,  but  a 
gospel  in  motion,  in  masterful  touch  with  all  human  achievement  and 
."■ctivity.  The  suprem.e  function  of  the  college  is  not  to  train  the 
mind,  but  to  give  to  existence  the  highest  motive.  The  vast  war  of 
today  proves  that  this  world  needs  to  feel  the  grip  of  a  mighty  moral 
passion.  Old  Allegheny  has  been  ever  teaching  her  children  that  life, 
tilled  with  the  spirit  of  love,  will  always  and  everywhere  be  safe, 
strong  and  helpful.     !t  will  have  dominion." 

J'l'ofessor  W.  A.  Elliott,  '8!),  representing  the  Faculty,  took 
the  theme  of  the  Teacher's  Task.  He  said  that  while  in  educa- 
tion the  demand,  the  processes  and  the  material  are  diflfereut 
from  tliose  of  former  college  generations,  the  work  to  be  done 
by  the  teacher  was  much  the  same.  It  is  his  task  to  prepare 
tlie  student  for  efficient  living. 

"The  college  cannot  give  an  infallible  equipment  to  a  youth  for 
the  material  activities  of  adult  years.  It  can  impart  a  sensitiveness  to 
beauty,  a  loyalty  to  truth,  a  hunger  and  thirst  after  righteousness,  a 
passion  for  humanity  that  shall  be  a  resource  for  himself  and  a  spring 
of  blessing  for  others  all  his  days.  We  are  proud  today  as  we  scan 
the  long  list  of  men  and  women  who  have  made  our  Mother's  name 
known  around  the  globe.  We  applaud  them  as  they  stand  on  the 
peaks  of  eminence  in  literature,  in  pulpit,  on  the  bench^  and  in  the 
busy  marts  of  commerce.  But  they  are  and  must  be  the  exceptional 
few.  The  humbler  masses  of  Allegheny's  children  who  with  the  high 
heroism  of  low  estate  are  carrying  light  and  courage  to  their  own 
little  communities,  these  are  the  college's  choice  possessions,  its  pride 
and  its  justification." 

The  affection  of  several  groups  of  alumni  for  their  alma 
mater  and  those  associated  with  it  in  various  capacities  took 
expression  during  the  Centennial  in  the  placing  of  four  me- 
morial tablets  in  Bentley  Hall.  These  were  unveiled  with 
appropriate  ceremony,  first  the  graduating  class  of  1915  pre- 
senting a  tablet,  bearing  the  names  of  seventy-five  founders. 

[  551  ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

The  class  of  ISOo  had  prepared  a  portrait  etching  in  bronze 
of  President  D.  II.  AVheeler  and  set  it  in  the  outer  wall  of 
the  east  portico  of  Bentley.  The  sentiment  of  the  donors  was 
thus  expressed  bv  I'rofessor  B.  A.  Heydrick  of  New  York: 

"We  come  here  today  to  do  honor  to  one  who  has  a  rhree-fold 
claim  to  our  reverence.  Dr.  Wheeler  was  first  a  scholar,  and  a 
scholar  of  no  narrow  type.  He  taught  Greek  because  he  loved  it;  he 
taught  Economics  and  Political  Science,  subjects  confined  then  to 
universities  largely;  he  taught  Literature  as  one  who  led  us  into 
pleasant  pastures.  A  scholar  himself,  he  sought  for  scholarship  in 
selecting  his  Faculty,  getting  men  specially  trained.  He  was  not  only 
a  scholar,  but  a  teacher  of  rare  power.  To  him  might  well  be  applied 
the  praise  that  Chaucer  long  ago  gave  the  student  of  Oxford:  'Gladly 
would  he  learn  and  gladlv  teach'. 


Tablet  to  Dr.  Wheeler 


IIISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

But  mere  scholarship  counts  for  little  in  human  worth.  I  like  to 
think  of  Dr.  Wheeler  as  one  who  was  always  a  gentleman.  A  fine  cour- 
tesy, a  native  fineness  of  nature,  a  dignity  that  ennobled  even  com- 
mon acts,  was  his  distinguishing  characteristic.  In  his  dealings  with 
the  students  he  was  always  frank,  always  fair,  and  always  kind.  He 
gave  a  great  deal  of  liberty.  Somehow  we  heard  very  little  of  rules; 
he  seemed  to  place  the  fullest  confidence  in  us.  And  so  we  pay 
tribute  today  to  one  who  bore  unsullied  the  grand  old  name  of  gentle- 
man. ^ 

There  is  a  third  aspect  of  his  character  that  is  indicated  by  the 
inscription  on  this  tablet.  We  admire  him  as  a  scholar,  we  loved  him  as 
a  gentleman,  and  we  revere  him  as  a  Christian.  His  appearance  as 
preacher  in  any  of  the  churches  drew  many  of  the  student  body  to 
hear  him.  We  felt  that  he  was  one  upon  whose  pain  a  great  light 
shone  and  were  fain  to  follow  in  his  footsteps  even  as  he  followed 
the  -Master. 

In  recognition  of  the  fact  that  for  ten  years  he  was  a  potent 
force  in  moulding  young  manhood  and  womanhood  at  AUeghmy  Col- 
lege, we  have  placed  here  this  tablet  bearing  his  image  in  deathless 
bronze.  To  us  who  knew  him,  no  outward  sign  is  necessary  to  keep 
bis  memory  forever  in  our  hearts.  But  we  wish  that  those  who  come 
after  us  may  know  that  in  these  halls  a  great  spirit  once  dwelt.  It 
was  the  privilege  of  the  class  ol  1893  to  be  the  last  to  graduate  under 
Dr.  Wheeler's  presidency;  it  seemed  fitting  therefore  that  wc  should 
pay  this  tribute  to  the  man  we  all  delight  to  honor,  presenting  this 
tablet  as  a  sacred  trust  to  commemorate  the  best  loved  president  of 
Allegheny  College." 

In  behalf  of  the  Trustees.  Mr.  J.  V.  Colter  accepted  the 
gift  in  fitly  chosen  words,  thanking  the  class  of  1803,  for  its 
affectionate  service  npon  the  one  hundredth  aniversary  in 
calling  attention  to  the  debt  the  college  owed  to  President 
Wheeler. 

A  memorial  to  William  ^McKinley,  formerly  a  student,  was 
placed  npon  the  wall  of  the  stairway  leading  to  the  former 
society  halls.  A  hundred  students  on  Sept.  25.  1890,  had  made 
a  pilgrimage  to  the  Canton  home  of  the  nominee  for  the  I*resi- 
dency  of  llie  L'nited  States.  By  the  energy  and  loyalty  of  ^Ir. 
Bon  M.  Larrabee  of  Williamsport.  Pa.,  this  college  company 
had  the  tablet  prepared.  In  his  presentation  remarks.  Mr. 
Larrabee  said  in  part: 

"This  tablet  is  unique  among  college  memorials  in  that  it  expresses 
not  what  the  alumni  say  of  William   McKinley,   but  what  the  martyred 

[  55:5  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 


•1  RECALL  WITH  SENSATIONS  OF  PLEASURE 

AND  SATISFACTION  THE  TIME  I  SPENT  IN 

ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

IT  IS  AMONG  THE  PLEASANTEST  MEMORIES 

OF  MY  LIFE, 

I  ALSO  RECALL  THE  Y(XJNC  MEN  WHO  WENT 

OUT  FROM  THAT  SPLENDID  INSTITUTION 

TO  BATTLE  FOR  THEIR  COUNTRY  -  YOUNG 

MEN  WHO  WERE  OF  OUR  COUNTRY^  BEST" 

FROM  AN  ADO?^ESS   BY   WILLIAM  M'KINLEY 

AT  CANTON.  OHIO.  SEPTEMBER  25.1896 

TO   A  VISITING   DELEGATION   OF  ALLEGHENY 

COLLEGE    STUDENTS 

THIS  TASLET  tftECItO  W  JUME  19».  BV 

MSMB?!!?  0?  THAT  OeitSATIOH 


The  McKinley  Tablet 


President  said  of  his  stu- 
dent days  of  Allegheny. 
While  any  of  the  classes  in 
college  at  the  time  of  his 
presidency  of  the  nation 
would  be  proud  to  present 
this  token  of  honor  to  a 
former  student,  it  was 
strongly  felt  that  this  priv- 
ilege should  be  reserved 
for  those  who  grasped  his 
hand  at  Canton  on  the 
September  day  and  heard 
his  praise  of  the  college. 

We  trust  that  this  tablet 
will  remind  the  coming 
generations  of  students 
that  a  strong,  clean  mail 
like  McKinley  once  at- 
tended classes  in  these 
halls  and  gained  some  of 
the  moral  and  mental 
power  that  served  him  so- 
well  during  his  distinguished  career.  William  McKinley  was  a  man  who 
combined  greatness  with  gentleness.  He  is  so  well  beloved  by  the 
American  people  that  on  the  anniversary  of  his  natal  day  multitudes 
wear  a  carnation  in  his  memory.  Would  it  not  be  fitting  here  in  this 
college  that  every  student  and  member  of  the  Faculty  put  on  the 
favorite  flower  of  Allegheny's  illustrious  son?" 

In  behalf  of  the  Trustees,  President  F.  A.  Arter  of  the 
Board,  a  jjradnate  of  the  civil  war  period,  acknowledged  the 
gift  of  the  memorial,  expressing  his  personal  admiration  for 
McKinley  as  one  of  the  best  statesmen  of  modern  times. 

The  alumni  of  the  engineering  classes  as  an  expression 
of  their  aftection  for  the  late  Professor  Dnttoti  placed  an 
attractive  ta))let  in  the  central  corridor  of  Pentley,  near  tlie 
entrance  of  the  class  room  he  occujded  for  many  years.  At 
its  unveiling.  Mr.  Arthui*  AN'.  Tliompson.  '!)!.  vic('-]»resident  of 
the  IJallimore  and  Ohio  Pailroad,  thus  s]>oke: 

Mr.  President,  honorable  trustees,  and  fellow  alumni: 
We   are   gathered  today   in   performance   of  a   grateful    duty   to   pay 
deserved    homage    to   the    memory   of   a    good    man,    the    late    Professor 
William    Tenney    Dutton.      Twenty-four    years    of    his    useful    life    were 

[    •■'►•■'>-t   ] 


IIISTOKV   OF  ALLEdllEXY   (T)LLK(JJ-: 


[ 


.LuAMTENNEYDUirON 

PROFESSOR  OF  MATHEMATICS 

^NPXIVIL  ENGINEERING 

^p  r-  1914 

..^^v;VED^OFESSOR,MATUK  E 
fpHOLfe-ttYALFRIEND 
WHOSE  r  T-^r^  /  TDV/ORK  ARE 
MR)         ;     THE  HEART 


passed  as  an  instructor 
within  the  walls  of  this 
institution,  years  replete 
with  human  sympathy  and 
understanding,  tilled  with 
devotion  to  duty,  sweet- 
ened and  chastened  by 
acts  of  self-abnegation,  and 
rounded  out  and  mellowed 
by  a  love  for  his  fellow- 
man  that  was  holy,  and  a 
beautiful,  trusting  faith  in 
the  wisdom,  care  and 
mercy  of  God,  the  Great 
Teacher  of  the  Universe. 
We,  alumni  of  the  engi- 
neering classes  of  old  Alle- 
gheny College,  in  present- 
ing to  its  president  and 
trustees,  this  tablet  com- 
memorative of  professor 
Dutton,  feel  that  they  re- 
alize, with  us,  that  neither 
bronze  nor  stone  are  requi- 
site to  enduring  remem- 
brance in  their  and  our 
minds   of   the    rare    qualities  ^"  Memory  of  Professor  Button 

of  head  and  heart  which  made  him  so  attractive  to  men.  These  attri- 
butes were  to  us  a  refuge  in  stress  and  storm,  affording  comfort  and 
encouragement  in  the  battle  of  life  and  they  are  forever  engraven  upon 
the  tablets  of  our  memory. 

While  this  piece  of  bronze  is  not  necessary  for  the  maintenance  of 
our  reverent  affection  for  the  memory  of  Professor  Dutton,  it  will 
serve  notice  upon  the  passing  visitor  and  upon  posterity  that  here  was 
a  man  distinguished  among  a  college  faculty,  all  ranking  high  among 
educators,  a  man  regarded  with  veneration  by  his  fellowmen,  whose 
pupils  adopted  this  means  of  apprising  unborn  generations  of  the  im- 
press he  had  made  upon  them,  and  of  the  desire  to  perpetuate  his 
memory    after    they    themselves    have    passed    away. 

Professor  Dutton's  maxim  in  life  might  be  embodied  in  these 
words:  "Duty,  Love,  Loyalty."  His  loyalty  to  Allegheny  College 
and  his  love  for  her  were  boundless,  and  his  conception  of  duty  was 
that  it  had  no  limits.  Those  characteristics  manifested  toward  the 
college  as  an  institution  found  individual  expression  in  the  class  room, 
as  applied  to  his  students.      When  teaching,  the  students  of  Mie  Engin- 


SE 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

eering  Department  were  to  him  the  Allegheny  College  in  concrete. 
Their  advancement  meant  added  lustre  and  glory  for  the  Institution; 
conversely,  that  which  contributed  to  the  forwardness  of  the  college 
meant  opportunities  for  the  Engineering  Department,  so  that  they 
bore  for  him  the  aspect  of  being  inseparable  and  indivisable. 

To  those  who  did  not  have  the  personal  acquaintance  of  this  grand 
old  man,  this  memorial  will  serve  to  call  attention  to  the  reverence  in 
which  the  Engineering  alumni  of  this  college  hold  his  memory,  and 
may  stimulate  in  the  minds  of  students  now  here,  and  yet  to  be,  a 
knowledge  of  the  possibilities  of  close  relationship  between  teacher 
and  students   and  the   great  good   that  proceeds  from   such,  friendship. 

Professor  Dutton  was  endowed  with  great  good  sense  and  truth 
and  courage.  His  moral  life  was  as  clear  and  pure  as  the  crystal 
spring  at  its  source.  It  was  rich  in  the  graciousness  of  Christian 
faith  and  practice.  Of  contemplative  mind,  he  thought  much  of  the 
Unknown  Beyond,  and  in  the  shadow  of  the  silent  night  the  thought 
often  came  to  him,  "Tomorrow's  sun  to  thee  may  never  rise."  There- 
fore he  was  always  prepared,  and  when  came  the  end,  not  the  dark- 
ness of  the  grave  but  the  eternal  light  of  never-ending  morniiig  settled 
upon   his  head. 

And  now,  Dr.  Crawford,  to  you  representing  the  Board  of  Trustees^ 
on  behalf  of  the  Engineering  alumni  of  the  college  who  cherish  a  deep 
feeling  of  gratitude  toward  their  Alma  Mater,  I  have  the  pleasure  and 
honor  of  presenting  this  tablet,  sacred  to  the  memory  of  their  patron 
and  professor,  William  Tenney  Dutton." 

]*n'si(l(Mit  Grawfonl  accepted  the  testiinoiiial  of  tlie  engi- 
neers, saying  tliat  the  meinoi-ial  would  be  ju-ized  by  all  groups 
of  aluniid  and  students,  since  I'rofessor  Dutton  had  been  a 
man  of  Avide  sympathies,  interested  deeply  in  all  relationships 
of  the  college. 

An  hist(»iica]  ]»ageant  ]>artici]»ated  in  by  four  hundred 
undergraduates  was  the  contril)Ution  of  tlu'  alumni  organiza- 
tion t(»  the  anniversaiy  week.  Tlirec  times  a(  an  etfective  liour 
of  the  aflcrnooii  upon  the  cam])us  the  drama  of  the  one  hnn- 
di'ed  years  of  Allegheny  College  was  enacted.  A  wide  ])ublic 
attention  had  been  focused  ui»on  the  event  because  of  the 
uni(|ne  insniancc  of  the  i>Iay  against  rain  with  Lloyds  of  Lon- 
don. The  l<»cal  inlcicsl  and  co-o]»erali(tn  had  never  been 
excelled. 

T\h'  iterf(»rmances  were  s<>  andtitious  and  so  intricate  that 
nothing  less  than   the  most   <'laborate  an<l   painstaking  j)re]ia- 

[  .v.r,  ] 


lIISTOIfY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

ration  could  liavc  sccnird  tlic  lii<»ii  j<iiccess  which  the  eiitlmsi- 
astio  .spectators  testilied  to  liave  been  attained.  A  great  stand 
with  a  sealing  cajtacity  of  three  tlionsan<l  was  erected  in  the 
loAver  border  of  the  campus  near  the  I'resident's  residence. 
The  stage  was  the  raised  green  sward  at  the  edge  of  tlie  pines 


Site  of  the  Pagreant 

in  front  of  Bentlev  Hall.  The  costumes,  six  hundred  in 
number,  were  designed  and  made  in  Meadville,  being  accurate 
reproductions  of  the  ]»eriods  portrayed.  A  committee  on  stage 
pro])erties  was  kept  busy  many  weeks. 

(Jeorge  1*.  Baker,  i)rofessor  of  Dramatic  I^iterature  in  Har- 
vard T'niversity,  the  author  of  the  text  of  the  i>ageant,  was  also 
the  pageant-master.  A^'hile  the  drilling  of  the  students  in  the 
music  of  the  ])erfornmnce  had  been  in  progress  for  two  mouths, 
it  was  quire  a  marvel  that  in  a  fortnight,  under  the  direction 
of  the  dramatic  leader,  the  ])arts  were  thoroughly  learned  and 
ready  The  finished,  excellent  acting  of  individuals  and  of 
grou])s  supplied  striking  evidence  of  the  ability  and  the  spirit 
of  the  Allegheny  student,  qualities  to  which  the  master  gave 
hearty  ])ublic  ])raise. 

[  •■'>''T  ] 


HI!S:T0KY  of  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

Unlike  previous  pageants  in  America,  where  the  orchestra 
had  been  nsed.  the  experiment  was  tried  at  this  time  of  having^ 
a  band.  It  was  necessary  to  assendile  a  score  and  more  of 
skilled  musicians  from  Pittsburgh  and  Cleveland  in  addition 
to  the  local  talent.  This  group  of  men.  by  their  competent 
])laying.  contributed  signally  to  the  ideal  completeness  of  the 
artistic  rendition.  The  vocal  music  was  ecjually  effective  both 
in  the  large  cliorus  parts  and  in  the  solo  work.  The  majesty 
of  the  "Alma  Mater  Beatissima,''  as  sung  by  the  Class  of  1915, 
will  not  be  forgotten,  while  the  ''Raw  Recruits.''  charged  with 
the  spirit  of  '01.  had  a  lilt  that  set  every  pulse  aglow. 

No  little  of  the  charm  of  each  ])erformance  came  from  the 
natural  beauty  of  the  college  grounds  and  from  the  ensend)le 
of  buildings  with  their  clever  adaptation  for  the  stage  en- 
trances and  sj»ectacular  effects.  Stately  old  Bentley  Hall  was 
an  ideal  stage  pro]>erty.  The  ravine,  the  rustic  bridge,  the  fine 
ancient  trees,  every  structure  and  ever^-  distant  slope  were 
utilized.  Ausjncious  atmospheric  conditions  and  the  closing 
hours  of  the  June  days  gave  the  final,  essential  touch. 

The  ]>lot  of  the  pageant  was  a  comprehensive  one.  The 
dramatist  ably  employed  the  background  of  earh*  Western 
I'ennsylvania  history,  the  startling  incidents  of  i^ioneer  and 
Indian  experience,  together  with  the  chief  scenic  possil)ilitie.> 
that  mark  the  changing  foi-tunes  of  Allegheny.  The  play  was 
admirably  intcrjiretative  of  tliat  Avhich  is  ]tictnres(pn'  and 
noble  in  the  histoi-y  of  the  college. 

The  germ  idea  fi-om  which  Professoi*  Baker  evolve(l  the 
story  is  the  sentiment  graven  in  Hebrew  on  the  original  college 
seal.  "Tiie  desert  shall  rejoice  and  Itlossom  as  the  rose."  This 
had  lieen  nsed  l»y  the  Bev.  Timothv  Alden  as  the  text  of  an 
opening  Xineteenth  Century  sermon  at  l*ortsni<»nth.  N.  H.. 
Jan.  4.  ISOI.  Tiie  woi'ds  from  the  ]»i'opliet  Tsaiali  are  truly 
expressive  of  the  \isioii  aixl  the  mission  of  the  man  who  be- 
came a  ]»ioneer  anutng  the  edncatoi-s  <»f  tlie  AVest  beyond  the 
At lant ic  s<'aboai'd. 

The  stoi-v  \\as  unfcdded  with  an  historic  and  artistic  con- 
tinuily  un(h'r  i'(\\\v  leading  divisions:  "The  Wilderness,  17.""t:'- 
17!i:!;"  "The  I'hinling.  ISIMS.",!  ;"  -The  P,b)ssoming.  1S:!:M:5:" 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

"The  Kose,  1S4;> ."    Eacli  of  these  periods  was  set  forth  in 

a  series  of  episodes,  suoli  as  the  Hartiiiaim  Family  Massacre, 
the  Garden  of  lJe\.  William  Bentley,  Alden  and  Cornplanter, 
the  designation  of  Alden,  Mnster  Day  on  the  Diamond  and 
the  Second  Closing  of  the  College. 

While  the  action  of  the  play  was  generally  spirited,  it  was 
diversified  with  scenes  of  pathos  and  moments  of  high  patriot- 
ism and  of  deep  devotion  to  the  canse  of  learning,  as  well  as 
with  incidents  of  mncli  merriment.  A  religions  note  was 
dominant  throngh  the  entire  presentation.  This  was  promoted 
snbtly  and  strongly  by  certain  mnsical  featnres  of  the  pageant. 

The  master  motif  was  first  expressed  in  words  in  the 
second  episode'  of  the  Wilderness  theme  in  ther  song  of  the 
Hartmami  family.  The  introduction  of  the  melody,  however, 
was  sonnded  by  the  band  in  the  opening  overture.  Its  lofty 
musical  thought  and  spiritual  atmosphere  put  the  hearer  into 
a  reverent  attitude  for  the  imi)ressive  events  which  followed. 

It  was  an  old  German  melody,  a  choral  known  as  ^'Allein 
und  doch  nicht  ganz  alleine,"  that  the  Hartmanns  sang.  The 
tune  was  composed  by  Georg  Newmarck  at  Kiel  in  IGIl.  Bach 
based  one  of  his  cantatas  uDon  it,  "(iott  ist  unsre  Zuversicht." 
]\rendelssohn  made  use  of  it  in  his  oratorio  of  St.  l*aul,  in  the 
choral  Xo.  9,  at  the  death  of  Stephen  in  the  words,  '"To  Thee, 
O  Lord,  I  yield  my  spirit." 

This  nu)tif  has  a  certain  tempered  solidarity  of  tone  and 
was  em])loyed  by  Professor  Baker  as  an  integral  element  in 
all  the  solemn  and'  beautiful  speeches  of  the  play.  It  was 
likewise  expressive  and  higldy  developed  in  the  band  parts  as 
well  as  in  the  choral  ninnbers.  The  music  performed  its  true 
function  as  the  helpmate  of  the  drama,  raising  the  words  of 
the  pageant  to  a  higher  power  by  giving  them  a  greater  emo- 
tional vitality  than  they  possessed  of  themselves.  The  musical 
parts  of  the  pageant  were  arranged  and  conducted  by  ]\[r. 
Charles  Koe]iper,  of  Boston,  who  was  also  the  skillful  leader 
of  the  band. 

The  initial  episode  of  the  pageant,  true  to  legend,  presented 
George  Washington  and  his  two  guides,  returning  from  his 
mission  to  Ft.  Le  Boeuf  in  1753.     The  old  tale  has  it  that  the 

[  550  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 


youthful  diplomat  eu  route  had  druuk  from  a  spring  on  the 
edge  of  the  campus.  The  trackless  wilderness  having  been 
thus  i^ortraved,  the  pioneer  settlers  were  next  introduced  and 
the  perils  of  the  frontier  life  startlingly  set  forth  in  the 
attack  of  the  Indians. 

The  home  scene  of  tlie  Hartmann  father  and  the  two  small 
girls  at  their  reading  lesson  from  the  Bible  indicated  the  lack 
of  schools  in  the  new  region.  Here  was  sung  the  haunting 
melody  of  devotion, 

"Alone  and  yet  not  all  alone 
Am  I  in  this  great  loneliness; 
When  I  my  solitude  bemoan, 
God  cheers  the  hours  of  my  distress. 

I  am  with  Him  and  He  with  me, 

I  fear  no  lonely  destiny." 

The  stealthy  approach  of  the  Avar-painted  savages  through 
the  ravine  ended  in  the  massacre  of  father  and  son.  The 
children,  taken  into  captivity,  were  brought  for  exchange  after 
several  years  and  the  stanza  of  "Alone  and  yet  not  all  alone,"' 
sung  before  the  long-frenzied  Mother  Hartmann,  resulted  in 
tlie  recognition  and  the  restoration  of  the  daughter.  Tliis 
third  episode  was  marked  by  brilliant  color  contrasts  in  the 
gay  British  trappings,  the  colonial  uniforms  and  the  many- 
hued  attire  of  the  pitiful  captives.  The  eye  was  entranced  by 
the  kaleideoscopic  riclmess  and  variety. 

Tlie  scene  of  tlie  stockade  in  ^leadville  in  1704:  presented 
an   intimate  piclure   of   the   first   resident   families   of   Mead, 

Hick,  Van  Horn  and 
Dickson.  The  sport 
and  tlie  song  of  the 
children  were  win- 
some incidents,  while 
Ihe  simple  devotion 
of  the  pioneers  in 
Ihe  midst  of  Indian 
alarm  was  revealed 
ill  the  excpiisite  mel- 


')G0  ] 


II I  STORY   OF  ALLE(}HENY   COLLEGE 


ody  <>iv('n  about  tlie  .su])pei'  table  by  a  double  (quartette  of  ex- 
celleiit  voices. 

"The  iiifilil  is  come  whei-eiii  at  last  we  rest, 
(iod  order  this  and  all  things  for  the  best  I 
Beneath  His  blessing;  fearless  may  we  lie, 
Since  He  is  nigh.'' 

The  Wilderness  theme  niay  have  seemed  ])rolonge(l,  but  it 
]daced  an  ade(juate  emphasis  upon  the  ditticulties  that  awaited 
the  l^^ounder  of  the  college.  The  second  division,  "The  IMant- 
ing,''  brought  the  action  to  the  intimate  historic  features  of 
the  itageant,  revealing  the  attractive  ])ersonality  of  Timothy 
Aldeu  and  the  fuUillment  of  his  mission. 

The  episode  of  the  "(Jarden  of  Kev.  AVilliam  Eentley"  in 
Salem,  Mass.,  1S14,  abounded  in  delicate  touches  of  character 
delineation.  The  lines  of  the  author  set  forth  Avith  fine  i^ym- 
j)athy  the  idosyncracies  of  the  gifte'.l  pastor  of  the  East 
Church.     Now  a])pears  his  friend,  the  Harvard  man  with  a 

vision  and  with  a  i)lan  of  a 
new  .seminary  of  learning. 
The  portrayal  of  Timothy 
Aldeu  had  been  assigned  to 
Elmer  W.  Hickumu,  '10, 
and  his  masterly  concep- 
tion of  the  Founder  and 
first  president  of  Allegheny 
was  by  the  fitness  of  things 
the  best  dramatic  work  of 
the  i)lay. 

The  words  of  Aldeu 
revejiled  the  educational 
planting  in  western  l*enn- 
sylvauia  to  be  the  dearest 
andtition  of  his  career, 
though  he  took  lu)  tlumght 
of  his  own  personal  ])rofit 
or  reward.  The  active 
Hickman  as  Aiden  sym])athy    of    Beutlcy    was 

[  '">fil  ] 


■1    --^itet  *>    >'.'^'i^t 

'i^^^m   ■ 

HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

further  challenged  l)y  The  startling  petition  that  a  })ortion  of 
the  famous  t^aleni  library  be  left  to  the  college.  It  was  indeed 
a  clieering.  if  non-committal  reply  that  followed :  "You  have 
been  thinking  forward,  friend  Timothy.  AYeJl,  why  not? 
AYhy  not?" 

The  heart  of  the  Allegheny  story  lived  again  upon  the 
cam]»us  stage  in  the  Foundation  fleeting  of  .June  20.  ISl."), 
when  fifteen  worthies  of  the  village  in  ancient  garb  gathered 
in  the  log  court  house  at  early  candle  lighting.  Tliither  came 
Mead,  the  pioneer:  Atkinson,  the  editor;  Farrelly.  a  power  in 
politics;  ^loore.  president  judge;  5>amuel  Lord,  extensive  land 
owner;  the  jnddic-spiritc^d  Keynolds,  the  liberal  Lefevre,  Dr. 
Bemus.  genial  and  piquant;  Roger  Alden,  practical  and  mas- 
terful, and  Timothy  Alden.  enthusiast,  eloquent  for  the  project 
of  the  evening.  In  each  ligure  was  indicated  a  man  of  marked 
personality. 

The  deliberations  Avere  animated,  the  lines  of  the  vigorous 
debate  being  largely  taken  from  the  historic  resolutions 
adopted  that  long  ago  June  day  and  from  the  prospectus 
issued  by  the  college.  The  business  of  creating  an  institution 
was  done  with  despatch.  The  appeal  to  local  pride  met  at 
once  with  generous  ])ledges  and  the  solid  sup])ort  of  the  com- 
munity was  given  to  the  and)itious  enterprise.  General  Mead 
was  made  in  rising  to  say:  "[  nominate  for  the  first  ])resi- 
dent  of  Alleglieny  College  the  man  in  whose  brain  it  had 
inception:  who.  cftming  among  us.  has  kindled  our  interest  in 
it;  who  has  seen  no  dilliculties  where  we  liave  felt  them  insur- 
mountable: the  man  who  has  made  this  meeting  possible." 

The  ]>resident-elect  with  ])ro]>het's  eye  made  re])ly,  ''Our 
acti<ni  tonight  will  ]>rovide  this  section  of  our  country  with  a 
needed  ojtporliinily  for  higher  education  and  is  the  begin- 
ning of  an  institution  whi<h  I  Iiojie  will  take  a  worthy  place 
Iteside  the  twenty  or  thirty  c(»lleges  now  existing  in  the  Ignited 
States." 

The  missioiiai-y  zeal  of  Alden  and  his  sevei'al  tours  to  the 
Indian  country  were  stiikingly  featured  in  t]i(»  ei)isode  at  the 

[    ^<!:^   ] 


IIISTOKV   OF  ALLK(;iIi:XV   COLLHdE 

village  of  the  noted  Seneca 
cliief,  Cornplanter.  on  the 
uj>per  Alle<»lieny  river.  The 
companion  of  tlie  trij)  was 
the  elder  son,  T.  J.  Fox 
Ahlen.  Tlie  dance  before  the 
wooden  idol  b}'  the  braves 
and  women  was  exceedingly 
pictnresqne.  Bnt  the  plea 
of  the  missionary  to  the 
warrior  in  behalf  of  the 
Christian  faith  and  the 
promise  of  education  for  the 
Indian  youth  induced  ('orn- 
planter  to  have  his  tribe 
destroy  the  image  of  the  god 
of  war  and  swear  allegiance 
to  the  Great  Spirit  of  the 
white  man. 

The  first  of  the  four  large  spectacular  ettects  of  the  pageant 
and  the  one  of  deep  historical  signilicance  was  the  laying  of 
the  corner-stone  of  Bentley.  This  was  a  faithful  reproduction 
of  the  event  of  July  5,  1S20,  which  had  enlisted  upon  that 
occasion  the  best  eftorts  of  the  entire  jiopulation  of  Meadville. 
The  mimic  procession  moved  up  the  hill  along  the  original 
route  and  its  coming  was  heralded  by  the  solemn  strains  of 
the  hymn  Xewburgh.  rendered  by  the  pageant  band.  Then 
filed  into  view  as  of  yore  the  Meadville  Blues  and  following 
them  through  the  college  gate,  all  singing-  as  they  marched, 
were  the  male  ])Upils  of  the  schools,  Allegheny  students  with 
the  sprig  of  laurel,  public  officials,  misses  of  the  academy, 
ladies  of  the  village,  clerg;\-men,  benefactors,  trustees.  Masons 
and  Knights  Templar. 

The  groups  divided  and  countermarched  while  the  path  of 
the  dignitaries  advaiicing  to  the  stage  was  strewn  with  flowers. 
The  ]\rasonic  ceremony,  commemorative  of  the  loyalty  of  Dr. 
Bentlev  to  his  fi'aternitv,  was  observed  with  scrui)uh)us  exact- 


Corni)lanter  and  Guide 


[    •'>0o    ] 


mSTOKV   OF  ALIJOdHKXV    (M)]JJ-:(;E 

iicss  ill  tlic  roriiijil  ])];iciii«i-  of  the  c-onuM-stoiie.  I'lrf^ident 
Aldcii  next  (Iclivercd  ;iii  chiliorate  oration,  expressiiio-  <;i-ati- 
tnde  to  (Jod  for  His  favor  to  the  nation,  acknowlcdjiinj;  tin' 
generosity  of  the  friends  of  tiie  colU'jie,  and  praisinj^  the 
heauty  of  its  location  above  tlie  valU'y  of  ('nsse\vaf»'o.  He 
dedicated  the  institution  yet  so  youn<i-  to  an  eternal  warfare 
on  tlie  two  inali^n  forces,  condemned  by  William  Bentley, 
snpei'stition  arisinji'  from  an  i^noi-ance  of  natural  laws  and 
bi<i-otry  arisiii<>-  from  an  ij^norance  of  mankind. 

The  assemblaj>e  jjave  the  77th  Psalm  to  the  (lev<mt  tune  of 
^fear,  then  the  procession  reformed  and  moved  away  in 
majesty  to  the  concludiii«i-  refrains  of  XeAvbur<»h.  Tiiis  ever 
vital  scene  must  linj^er  in  many  a  memory  as  one  of  the 
choicest  treasures  of  the  Allejiheny  drama,  and  those  who  wit- 
nessed its  enactment  will  in  the  future  look  on  old',  Bentley 
with  a  new  reverence  and  love. 

The  climax  of  the  tragedy  of  the  tijilit  of  Alden  against 
overwhelming  odds  in  establishing  the  college  was  dei)icted 
in  the  pathetic  episode  of  his  resignation  from  the  presidency. 
Emerging  from  the  building  whose  walls  had  arisen  under  his 
watchful  solicitude,  he  locked  the  door  of  the  central  |)ortal 
of  Bentley  for  the  last  time  and  with  faltering  step  came  to 
the  interview  Avith  -lohii  Keynolds  and  l)a\id  Dick,  rei)resen- 
ta fives  of  the  trustees.  In  his  hand  Alden  bore  the  letter  of 
farewell,  dated  from  his  Iteloved  Hall,  therein  expressing  his 
belief  that  his  i»art  as  an  instrument  in  the  hands  of  (Jod  for 
building  up  a  seminary  was  at  an  en<l. 

The  Founder  confessed  to  his  two  friends,  "I  have  ]>ut 
])ride  aside  in  the  i)ast  and  ap])ealed  to  friends  and  strangers 
for  aid  in  monev  and  books.  Now,  I  am  bankrupt  of  devices, 
of  courage,  and  of  hope."'  The  college  keys  were  given  ovei- 
to  the  secretary  to  be  placed  in  other  hands  able  to  make  tln^ 
dream  of  a  college  real,  l^ecliniiig  the  invitation  of  Tveynolds 
to  accom]iany  him  back  to  the  village,  Timothy  Alden  bowed 
in  body  and  in  s]»irit  nmde  his  way  across  the  bridge  over  the 
ravine  and  was  lost  to  view  in  the  trees  beyond,  whilst  the 
motif  melody  of  ''Alone  and  yet  not  all  alone,"  sounded 
through  the  evening  stillness  like  a  reiiuiem. 

[  505  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

The  audiences  of  each  of  the  three  days  were  profoundly 
moved  as  this  scene  was  given.  Hickman,  '16,  was  at  his 
best  in  his  sympatlietic  interpretation  of  the  first  president  at 
the  moment  of  surrender.  In  the  sur^e  of  deep  feelinji  in  the 
hearts  of  the  spectators  Ahlen  never  seemed  so  heroic  as  in 
the  midst  of  defeat.  By  the  drama's  aid  lie  received  his 
apotheosis.  Tlie  name  of  Alden  is  forever  the  liighest  in  Alle- 
gheny because  of  what  he  aspired  to  accomplish. 

The  Third  division  of  the  play  was  '"The  Blossoming,"  and 
its  first  episode  was  the  placing  of  Allegheny  under  the  pat- 
ronage of  the  Methodists  of  the  Pittsburgh  Conference.  Bishop 
Ivobert  Roberts.  Dr.  Martin  Ruter.  Homer  J.  Clark,  Joseph 
Barris.  Alfred  Brunson.  Zerah  H.  (^oston  with  other  clericals 
rode  on  to  the  campus  in  true  itinerant  style.  Dismounting, 
they  received  from  the  trustees  the  keys  of  the  college.  The 
Methodists  told  of  their  ambitious  program  for  the  conduct  of 
the  institution  and  the  new  presi<lent  agreed  to  maintain  its 
liberal  principles. 

Dr.  Clark  rejoiced  in  the  standard  estaldished  under 
Alden.  that  T'liristian  faith  and  higher  education  must  be 
inseparable,  and  predicted  that  in  the  new  era  the  college 
would  inci'easingly  train  men  for  service  at  home  and  abroad. 
Barris.  as  the  company  mounted  the  steps  of  Bentley,  made 
the  prophetic  uttei-ance.  "Even  if  you  must  give  up  being  a 
missionary  yourself.  Dr.  Ruler,  you  are  to  be  here  the  head 
of  an  instiiuiion  which  in  all  ]»r(>babi1ity  will  train  many  who 
sliiill  reclaim  the  heathen.** 

^lustci-  Day  on  llie  Diam(>nd.  .luiie,  iSiJS,  was  a  highly 
divci-ting  interlude.  It  was  a  jolly  alTair  brimful  of  action 
and  color.  The  life  of  the  village  dispoi-ted  itself  on  the  public 
green  in  deli(i(»ns  iiairdc.  The  small  boy.  town  characters 
and  belles  in  the  gowns  of  the  period  were  there.  The  firs*: 
soldiei-y  on  the  scene  was  the  awkward  citizens  militia  and 
the  students  gr(»tes(|uely  armed  with  the  ]>roducls  of  their 
Manual  Labor  System.  Youth  ;ind  beaulv  being  ]»resent,  and 
the  ccnivenient  fiddler,  soon  there  was  a  gay  tripping  on  the 
turf  to  the  lime  of  "Ron  goes  the  weas(d." 

Then   life  and  diiim  were  lieaivl  and   there  swung  into  Hie 

[  r.cc  1 


IIISTOKV   OF  ALLECIIENV   (T)LLEfJK 

parade  ground  in  gorj^ooiis  uniforms  tlie  Meadville  Cilreys.  the 
Cussewago  IJifles  and  tlic  Sacgertown  (luards  with  tlie  Artil- 
lery and  the  Dragoons  bringing  up  tlu^  rear.  The  reviewing 
staff  eanie  forward  and  a  s}>irited  drill  by  (•onii)anies  and 
battaliou  ensued.  The  several  hundred  on  the  stage  in  their 
artistic  contrast  made  this  episode  intensely  pleasing  to  the 
eye. 

Tlie  second  closing  of  the  college  in  August,  184:>,  was 
staged  in  a  l»ricf  incident  in  which  President  Clark  set  fortli 
his  scholarship  ])lan  as  the  feasible  means  to  secure  an  endow- 
ment. The  first  reports  of  subscrii)tions  having  been  received, 
the  leader  started  on  his  financial  camj)aign  firui  in  the  faith 
that  "Bentley  would  open  its  doors  again  soon  to  an  uninter- 
rupted success." 

The  third  large  spectacular  feature  of  the  pageant  was 
the  jjatriotic  episode  of  the  farewell  on  the  campus  to  the  Alle- 
gheny College  Company  in  .lune,  18G1.  The  Faculty,  ladies' 
societies  and  jiojnilace  were  massed  in  front  of  Bentley.  The 
soldier  boys  in  noinlescri])t  attire  came  swinging  over  the 
road  to  the  Avords  of  the  ^'Kaw  liecrnits."  a  rollicking,  ]>opulav 
air  of  the  day.  After  all  had  advanced  to  the  oi)en  lawn,  the 
^'Handy  Betties"  and  the  havelocks  were  presented  as  upon 
the  brave  eleventh  of  June  of  bygone  years. 

The   original    l)attle    flag    with     its    inscription     •'Sem])er 


Presentation  of  Flag:  to  College  Company 
[     ^<H      ] 


HISTOHY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

Fidelis"  was  then  intnisted  to  the  college  boys  In'  Miss  Hattie 
Bain,  a  i»art  ]»laye(l  by  Miss  Marian  Thomas.  President 
Loomis  with  fervent  loyalty  pronounced  the  partin<»  message, 
"Gome  l)ack  with  the  flag,  boys,  or  come  back  wrai)i)ed  in  its 
folds.'-  After  the  benediction  a  deep  silence  fell,  until  at  the 
sliar]t  command  of  Gai)tain  Ayer  the  comi»any  with  final  sahife 
passed  the  ])resident,  while  the  women  and  children,  waving 
handkerchiefs,  langhing,  ai»planding  and  not  a  few  in  tears 
followed  them  to  the  gate. 

The  years  of  Allegheny  since  the  Givil  AVar  were  repre- 
sented in  syndjolism.  "The  Kose"  was  the  caption  of  the  last 
division  of  the  pageant.  In  dignity,  majesty  and  rich  imagerv 
it  made  a  brilliant  finale  to  the  drama.  The  Centennial  Class 
held  the  ])lace  of  honor.  Just  as  tlie  shadows  lengthened  on 
the  Hill,  the  one  hundred  members  in  white  aca<lemic  robes 
marched  through  the  floral  arch  as  they  sang  in  magnificent 
volume  the  college  hymn,  "Alma  Plater  Beatissima." 

Fair  Allegheny,  yonder  on  the  Hill. 
Through  all  the  ages,  our  hearts  are  turning  still 
In  love  to  thee,  and  so  they  ever  will, 
O,  Alma  Mater,  Beatissima. 

Warm  rests  tlie  sun,  so  soft  on  wall  and  vine; 
Xo  air  in  all  tlie  world  can  e(|ual  thine. 
Again  wc  llame  our  torches  at  thy  shrine, 
O.  Alma  Matei',  Beatissima. 

As  Xiiicteen  I^'ifteen  took  position  at  the  rear  of  the  stage, 
Allegheny,  a  figure  in  blue  and  gold,  ini]»ersonated  by  Miss 
Maiian  AVhipjile,  'Hi,  entei-ed  from  Bent  ley.  On  her  i-ight  sh?, 
was  joined  by  Faith,  imi»ei-sonated  by  Miss  I\lizabeth  Best. 
'KJ,  whose  robe  was  red.  a  feather  of  (lame  in  her  hair  and  in 
liei-  hand  a  swoi-d  of  gold.  On  the  left  canu'  Hoite,  clad  in 
]»ale  gi-eeii  and  carrying  lilies,  impersonated  by  Miss  Esta 
Ebaugh.  '!."».  The  trio  was  then  a]>proached  from  either  side 
by  Sacred  Learning,  a  monkish  figure  with  a  i»archment,  im- 
peisonated  by  II.  L.  Askey,  'l.").  and  bv  Learning  Not  Sacred, 
a    X'cnetian   garbed   scholar  with   a   crucible,   impersonated   bv 


IIISTOKV   OF  ALLKdIIEXV   COLLEdE 

C.  H.  Stevenson,  MO.  Tlie  two  male  lipires  bore  lij^hted 
torclies. 

These  personages,  attended  by  tlie  Faculty  of  the  college*, 
reach  the  fiont  of  the  sta^e.  Then  at  the*  <;estnre  of  com- 
nnmd  from  Allenheny.  Memory  in  bine  and  silver,  with  crystal 
ball,  ]»ortrayed  by  Miss  Leona  Kial,  '1(5,  stei)])ed  forward. 
Menu)i-v  in  tnrn  summoned  History,  a  fi<2,nre  in  <;reen  and  ^old. 
bearing-  a  tablet,  ]»ortrayed  by  ^liss  Esthei-  Stone,  M7,  who 
beckoned  imi)erionsly  from  the  past  eij^ht  notable  <.iroui»s  that 
ha<l  played  a  ])art  in  the  annals  of  the  hundred  years  of  the 
college  institution. 

Now  rose  into  view  Washiufiton,  followed  by  the  Meadville 
Blues.  Then  Timothy  Alden  led  the  founders  of  the  coUejje. 
He  a]>]>i'oached  the  fijiures  typifyinjj:;  the  two  Learninjj^s,  who 
yielded  to  him  the  lijihted  torches  which  he  placed  in  the 
liands  of  Alle<>heny.  She  in  turn  ijassed  the  flamino-  end)lems 
into  the  kee]>in,2:  of  Faith  and  Hoi)e.  Next  appeared  in  order 
the  ladies  of  1820,  the  survivors  of  the  military  companies  and 
the  women  of  the  dvil  War  Period. 

The  sixth  <irou])  consisted  of  the  converts  of  missionaries 
from  Allef>heny.  Alden  headed  the  procession  with  a  band  of 
American  Indians.  He  was  followed  by  President  Ttuter. 
^'ice-President  Bishop  Matthew  SiniDson,  Bishop  Talvin 
Kinjisley.  Jabez  Burton,  Doctors  Doerinj*-,  Lon<>\  ^[ansell  and 
AVauiih,  Texan  men  and  women,  AFexicans.  neji'roes  from  Li- 
beria, East  Indian  men  and  women,  Thinese,  Japanese  and 
Filii)inos.  The  seventh  ^rou])  was  the  boys  in  jjrey,  Allef>'heny 
boys  s(^rvin^-  in  the  Tonfederacv  in  1801,  who  met  and  saluted 
the  volunt(HM's  in  khaki  of  the  Spanish  War  of  181)8. 

The  final  <>rou])  represented  the  years  of  coeducation  in 
Allejiheny.  Forty-five  younf;  women,  each  wearin"'  tlie  appro- 
priate costume  for  the  consecutive  years  fi'om  1870,  came  up- 
on the  staiic  in  the  design  of  a  fiyinc;  wedjie.  History,  yet 
holding  sway,  concentrated  attention  in  her  symbolic  teachinji' 
on  the  events  since  180:1,  the  beuinninfi;  of  the  administration 
of  President  Crawford.  The  a])i»ro])riate  years  advanciiiij 
fi'om  the  Memory  jjjroui)  bore  gifts,  the  models  of  seven  build- 
injjs  erected   on    the   campus   durinj;  this   period,   and   ])laced 

[  r,09  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

them  before  Allegheny.  When  the  historic  review  was  com- 
plete, the  gronps  marched  and  countermarched  to  the  beautifril 
music  of  "Alone  and  yet  not  all  alone.'' 

The  climax  of  the  scene  was  the  rendition  of  the  anthem, 
'"And  the  Wilderness  shall  rejoice,"  composed  for  the  cele- 
bration by  Professor  Edward  B.  Hill,  of  Boston.  All  the  four 
hundred  voices  of  the  cast  being  engaged  made  it  an  impres- 
sive number.  The  character  of  this  music  of  the  finale  was 
so  unlike  the  motif  of  the  preceding  scenes,  a  chorale  in  uni- 
son, of  austere  simplicity,  that  it  taxed  the  audience  to  adjust 
itself  readily  to  tlie  theme.  The  anthem  was  written  in  eight 
parts,  but  the  separation  of  the  groups,  as  they  sang,  tended 
somewhat  to  lessen  the  fine  ensemble  effect  and  full  volume 
designed  1)y  the  composer.  It  was  a  difficult  selection,  highlv 
technical,  and  Itrilliant  in  style.  It  will  remain  a  splendid 
fruitage  of  the  Centennial,  prized  greatly  by  the  college  for  its 
memories  and  its  merit. 

The  anthem  concluded,  after  the  historical  grou])s  were 
gone,  Allegheny  with  her  allegorical  companions  paused  at  the 
central  steps  of  Bentley.  Then  she  gave  the  two  torches  to 
the  leaders  of  the  line  of  the  Century  Class  as  it  mai'ched  in 
final  review,  singing  "Alma  Plater.'"  Left  alone  a  moment, 
Alleglieny  entered  last  into  the  Hall  of  Bentley  and  the  pag- 
eant had  ended.  But  the  impressions  and  the  lessons  of  this 
drama  liave  a  jxM-manent  and  enlarging  \alue.  Tlie  alumni 
found  the  ])ast  of  the  old  instirution  vizualized  as  thev  never 
before  had  conceived  it:  the  undergraduates  gained  a  truer 
estimate  C)f  the  ev«»luti()n  of  the  adxantages  thev  n(tw  enjoy; 
the  community  of  Meadville  liad  a  keener  civic  consciousness 
in  its  admiration  of  its  energetic  ami  generous  ancestors. 

The  co-o|>eration  of  the  many  forces  and  iK'rsons  needed  to 
]>r('pare  ami  to  stage  the  ambitious  ]»erformance  was  one  of 
tile  finest  features  attendiint  upon  the  ])ag('ant.  Ont  of  genu- 
ine devotion  to  town  and  college,  excejitional  sacrifices  of  time 
and  hiboi-  were  mad<'.  The  boy  scouts  of  Meadville  gave  excel- 
lent sei'\ice  as  guards  on  the  cami)us.  The  chairmen  of  com 
mittees  were  bi-illiantly  efficient.  The  guarantoi-s  su]ii>lie<l 
the  essential    fiimncial    backing  of    the   ]>roject.      Bnt   highes* 

I    •"<>   1 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

praise  was  invariably  conceded  to  Mr.  Paul  Stnrtevant,  '09, 
the  cliairinan  of  the  main  pageant  committee.  His  enthusiasm, 
persistence,  attention  to  all  details  and  splendid  loyalty  to 
Allegheny  insured  a  drama  that  forever  ennobles  and  beau- 
tifies the  past  of  his  college. 

ALUMNI  PROFESSIONAL  CONFERENCES. 

On  Tuesday  the  alumni  grouped  by  professions  met  in  a 
series  of  important  conferences.  The  clerg^inen  met  in  the 
Library  -with  Dr.  T.  H.  Hagerty,  'r)4,  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  ])re- 
siding  and  Rev.  R.  N.  Merrill,  of  Westfield,  X.  Y'.,  acting  as 
secretary.  Dean  S.  S.  Marquis,  '90,  of  Detroit,  Mich.,  spok-^ 
on  "Tlie  central  theme  in  my  experience  in  the  ministry." 
Tliis  he  said  to  be  regeneration.  Legislation,  education,  social- 
ization will  not  save.  ^Fen  need  tlie  church  to  assist  them  to 
get  into  touch  with  God.  Tliere  were  forty-seven  present, 
some  of  whom  were  Dr.  C.  H.  Stocking,  'fiO;  Dr.  T.  H.  Wood- 
ring,  'la;  Dr.  C.  W.  Miner,  '81;  Dr.  D.  W.  Howell,  '88;  W. 
L.  Askue,  '89;  Harry  Household,  '89;  Dr.  J.  W.  Carey,  '92; 
H.  P.  Johnson.  '92;  E.  D.  ^^lowrey,  '93;  H.  K.  Steele,  '99;  AV. 
L.  Wilkenson,  '99;  .L  R.  Rich,  '99;  H.  B.  Potter,  '00;  H.  C. 
Critchlow,  '02;  J.  P,.  Cook.  '02;  A.  K.  Travis,  '02;  Dr.  H.  L. 
Smith.  '04;  A.  C.  Saxinan,  '04;  W.  S.  Trosh,  '04;  C.  G.  Farr, 
'O."};  F.  C.  Reynolds,  '0.");  H.  .T.  Wood,  '05;  T.  K.  Fornear,  'Ofi; 
F  :\r.  Tlionipson.  '00;  Dr.  S.  W.  Robinson,  '07;  C.  T.  Greer, 
'08;  R.  P.  Andrews,  '08;  L.  C  Harris,  '14;  R.  B.  Litten,  '12- 

C.  S.  Smith.  '12,  and  E.  T.  English,  '43. 

Tlie  lawycM'S  met  in  Bentlev  Hall  with  Judge  Jolin  J.  Hen- 
derson, '02,  presiding  and  W.  B.  Secrist,  '00,  of  I'ittsburgh, 
acting  as  secretary.    AV.  C.  Wilson,  '80,  Claims  Attorney  of  the 

D.  1j.  Si  W.  Ixailway.  New  Y^ork  City,  made  the  address. 
Thii'ty-tive  of  the  legal  alumni  were  present. 

Tlie  physicians  met  in  Bentley  with  Dr.  B.  L.  Millikin, 
'74,  Lniversity  of  4*ennsylvania,  '79,  of  Cleveland.  O..  ])resid- 
ing  and  Dr.  Maxwell  Lick,  '08,  University  of  4*ennsylvania, 
'12.  of  Erie.  Pa.,  secretary.  The  chairman  spoke  on  the  many 
changes  in  the  science  of  medicine  in  recent  years.  Remin- 
iscences were  then  exchanged   and  much  advice  given  by  the 

[  --iTl    ] 


HrSTO]{Y  OF  ALLE(iHEXV  COLLEGE 

older  to  tlie  younjrer  practicioners.  A  coinmittee  was  ap- 
])oiiiTe(l  To  foriiuilate  a  plan  for  a  medical  society  of  the 
alunini.  Anion*;;  those  present  were  Dr.  E.  S.  Blair.  '84,  Mich 
igaii.  "ST;  Dr.  L.  L.  Doane,  -88,  l\  k  S.  Baltimore.  *8(;:  Dr 
Ira  .7.  Dunn.  "SO.  rniversity  of  Pennsylvania.  '1)1;  Dr.  Ella 
D.  Ooff.  '87.  Boston.  "!>!  ;  Dr.  .1.  M.  Ward.  '8S.  T^niversity  of 
]*ennsylvania.  "l»r) ;  Dr.  Oeor«ie  S.  Bay.  '1»2.  T'niversity  of 
Pennsylvania,  "!).");  Dr.  H.  O.  Harris,  '0:5.  New  York  Homo- 
patliic,  '12;  Dr.  W.  B.  Skelton.  '():\,  Michio-an.  '04;  Mrs.  Edith 
Steffener  Stanka.  '0:{,  Michigan,  ex.  '10;  Dr.  ('.  O.  J'eters.  '08. 
University  of  Pennsylvania.  '12;  Dr.  C.  W.  Elkins.  '00.  Johns 
Hopkins.  'i:{;  Dr.  H.  H.  Land».  '10.  T'niversitv  of  Pittsl)nriJ:h, 
'\~)[  K.  V.  Kennedy.  '11.  Western  Beserve.  '10. 

The  alumni  in  hnsiness  met  at  the  Chandter  of  Commercf^ 
with  Mr.  W.  N.  liidjie.  "82.  of  New  York.  ]»residin<i-  and  Mr.  W. 
A.  Wilson.  'IMi.  of  Meadville.  actinj:;  as  secretary.  Mi-.  John 
L.  Porter,  of  Pittshnrjih.  made  the  address  on  the  ideals  and 
achievements  of  the  modern  business  man  as  compared  with 
twenty-five  years  afjo.  ^Ir.  Frank  A.  Arter,  '04.  of  Cleveland. 
s]>oke  on  the  relation  of  the  local  business  interests  to  the 
colle<ie.  The  conference  was  hijihly  j)rofitable  to  the  jjrou])  of 
*hirty  and  more  present. 

The  euiiiueers  met  in  Buter  Hall.  Tn  the  absence  of  Mr. 
F.  T.  Harrow.  '00.  of  the  C.  B.  &  Q.  l{y..  Mr.  B.  F.  ^[iller.  Jr.. 
'07.  city  enjiiiieei-  of  Meadville,  jtresided.  Professor  Karl  A. 
Miller.  '07.  was  secretary.  Thirty-six  men  were  i)resent  and 
the  <-onference  had  for  its  discussion  the  future  of  the  enjji- 
n(H'i-in^  insti-uction  in  Alle^iheny.  Mr.  Arthur  W.  Thonii)S()n. 
'07.  vice-i)resi(lenf  of  the  B.  ^:  <)..  jiave  an  able  address  in 
which  he  declared  that  the  nature  of  the  traininji'  in  his  aliiui 
iiKiIrr  was  peculiaj-ly  titled  to  ])re]»ar<'  men  foi"  executive  i>osi- 
tions.  Specialization  belonjiccl  to  the  univei'sities.  but  Alle- 
jrlieny  otl'ered  a  rare  chance  to  students  of  moderate  means. 
Mr.  ^^^  S.  Twiuinu.  '87.  of  New  Yoi-k.  a  former  instructor  in 
eniiiiieeriiijr;  Mr.  J.  ^V.  Silliman.  '80.  of  the  Philadeljthia  Bai)id 
Transit  Company;  Mr.  A.  L.  P>aldwin.  '00.  of  the  V.  S.  (Jeo- 
<l<Mi<-  and  Coast  Survev;  ^\v.  .1.  E.  IIchxI.  "00.  of  the  Creat 
Northern  1{.  \\..  and  Mr.  C.  S.  Led.  '00.  of  the  Bessemer  and 

I    '^2   1 


lIlSTOItV   OF   ALLI-:(JlIi:\V   nJLLE(;K 

Lake  J']i'ie.  spoke  hiielly   in   a   similar  vein.     All  agreed   that 
engineering   had    a    valuahle   place    in    llie   college   in    coming 


Aeai-s. 


Karl  A.  .Miller,  the  instructor  at  present,  described  the 
conditions  in  the  de])artnient.  He  said  that  while  an  engi- 
neering course  was  not  desci-ihed  in  the  catalogue,  Allegheny 
was  able  to  turn  out  well-i-ounde<l  men  who  had  a  knowledge 
of  the  fundamentals.  N'arious  subjects  were  taught  as  de- 
mand was  made  for  them.  In  the  theoretical  studies  one 
could  become  well  grounde<l.  In  other  departments  of  the 
college  he  secure<l  the  training  which  is  being  urged  by  leading 
modern  engineers  as  a  correction  of  the  too  technical  curricu- 
lum of  strictly  professional  schools.  There  was  organized 
the  \y.  T.  Duttou  lOngineering  Alumni  Association  of  Alle- 
gheny. 

The  missionaries,  foreign  and  home,  nu't  in  J^entley  Hall, 
a  dozen  Ijeing  in  atteudauce.  Bishop  Janu^s  M.  Thoburn.  '57, 
was  chairman,  and  Miss  \'ernice  (lelvin,  'I)."),  of  Mexico,  secre- 
tary. Ke\-.  <leorge  S.  Miner,  '80,  of  China,  spoke  on  the  ])ro- 
digious  ])rogress  of  China  in  the  last  five  years  and  the  o])por- 
tunity  of  the  Christian  Church  of  America,  because  of  the 
Chinese  friendship  for  the  Cnited  States.  The  mission  fields 
elsewhere  were  discussed  by  Dr.  K.  A.  P>ell,  'SS;  Mrs.  W.  P. 
Muri-ay.  'SS;  Kev.  H.  S.  Leitzel,  'iL*,  and  IJishoi)  Thoburn. 

The  conference  considered  ^^'hat  can  be  done  to  interest  the 
colleges  moi-e  dee])ly  in  mission  work.  The  group  took  the 
following  action:  "We  recommend  that  the  Boards  of  Home 
Missions  and  Foreign  ^Hssions  em])loy  and  direct  the  work  of 
a  secretary  or  secretaries  competent  to  present  the  missionary 
causes  adetjuately  to  our  Christian  colhges." 

The  alumni  engaged  in  social  serxice  were  ])resided  over 
by  Dr.  F.  C.  Flowe,  'SO,  Commissioner  of  Immigration.  Mr. 
Leroy  retersou.  '!:>,  of  New  York,  was  the  secretary  and  the 
address  given  ])y  ^Miss  dulia  Schoeufeld,  'DT,  of  the  Irene 
Kaufman  Settlenu'ut,  IMttsburgh.  The  s]»eaker  discussed  the 
opportunities  for  social  Avork  today  and  made  a  plea  for  social 
justice.     A  score  of  persons  were  at  the  conference. 

The  librarians  met  in  the  college  library  with  Miss  E.  L. 

[  -''\  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

Baseoiii.  '1)4,  uf  the  Wisconsin  Library  Commission,  presiding. 
Miss  Edith  Rowley,  -04,  the  librarian  of  Allegheny,  was  sec- 
retary. Tlie  discnssion  on  professional  matters  was  opened 
by  Miss  t?abra  Vonght,  "99. 

The  teachers,  whose  number  is  legion  in  the  alumni  list, 
had  for  its  place  of  meeting  Wilcox  Hall.  I)r.  J.  B.  Richey, 
*89.  superintendent  of  the  McKeesport,  Pa.,  Schools,  was  an- 
nounced as  chairman  and  Superintendent  T.  T.  Allen.  "02.  of 
Vandergrift,  as  secretary.  Dr.  F.  S.  Breed,  '98.  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Michigan,  was  appointed  to  make  the  address. 

A  uni(pie  gathering  of  the  week  was  comprised  of  those  who 
had  entered  college  a  half  centur}'  and  more  ago.  In  the  com- 
pany that  met  in  front  of  Bentley  were  Archibald  McKean,  '45, 
Mercer;  Dr.  J.  II.  Ilagerty,  'o4,  St.  Louis,  Mo.;  Col.  J.  W.  H. 
Reisinger,  '50,  Meadville;  Harvey  Henderson,  Esq..  '57,  Pitts 
burgh;  Bishop  J.  :M.  Thoburn.  '57,  Meadville;  Rev.  B.  F.  Delo, 
'57.  Clarion;  Mr.  Roe  Reisinger,  '58,  Meadville;  (J.  D.  Brock, 
Esq.,  '59.  Macon,  Mo.;  Dr.  C.  C.  Carroll,  'GO,  Meadville;  Capt. 
J.  AV.  Smith,  TIO.  Meadville:  Mr.  F.  AY.  Hays,  'Ol,  Oil  City;  Mr. 
NY.  a.  Wells,  '(')1.  Y'oungstowu.  O. ;  Dean  A.  C.  Hickman,  '02, 
Minneapolis,  Minn.;  Capt.  Edward  H.  Henderson,  '():>.  Mead- 
ville; Dr.  A.  C.  Johnson,  "Go,  Blairsville;  Air.  Frank  A.  Arter, 
'G4.  Cleveland.  O. ;  Dr.  B.  E.  Edgell,  "G5.  Newport,  O. ;  Dr.  C. 
H.  Stocking,  'GG.  Burton,  (). ;  Air.  Newton  Chalker,  'GG,  Akron, 
O.;  Rev.  AY.  A.  Clark,  'G7,  Aleadville;  Dr.  R.  M.  Freshwater, 
'G7,  Cleveland,  O. ;  James  P.  Colter.  Esq.,  'G7,  Meadville;  Mr. 
G.  L.  AIcAIillan,  '<i8,  Berea,  O. ;  Judge  T.  A.  Land),  'G9,  Erie, 
and  AY.  M.  Dight,  ICsq..  'G9.  Grove  City. 

A  gift  highly  pleasing  to  the  alumni  was  the  portrait  of  Dr. 
Jonathan  Hamnett.  placed  in  the  library  by  the  kindness  of  the 
blisses  Hamnett  The  likeness  was  taken  in  the  ninetieth  year 
of  the  "grand  (dd  man"  who  for  sixty-live  years  had  served  the 
college. 

THE  CARXEGII-:  HALL  OF  CHEMISTRY 

The  laying  <»f  the  corner  stone  of  tlie  Carnegie  Hall  of 
Chemistry  was  a  significant  ceremony  of  AA'ednesday.  witnessed 
by  a  throng  of  alnmni,  guests  of  the  college  and  visitors.     Pro- 

f    ">'4    ] 


IlISTOKY  OF  ALLECillEXY  COLLEGP: 

vost  lOdijai-  Fiilis  Sinitli.  of  tlu;  University  of  I'tMiiisylvaiiia, 
made  the  ("((ii^ratulatory  address.  The  building'  was  to  be  of 
butf  tapestry  brick  in  Italian  viUa  style,  red  tile  roof,  and  with 
interior  of  Dressed  steel. 


Plan  of  Hall  of  Chemistry 

A  score  of  <»radiiates  had  j^one  forth  in  the  past  quadren- 
niuni  to  important  positions  in  research  chemistry  and  sani- 
tary laboratories,  in  mannfacturing  chemist  i)lants,  municipal 
filtration  plants  and  state  water  surveys.  The  generosity  of 
Mr.  Andrew  Carnegie  with  the]  liberal  additions  of  the  Trus- 
tees made  sure  a  structure  that  in  accommodations  and  equip- 
ment would  e(iual  that  of  any  technical  institution  in  America. 
The  general  chemistry  laboratory  was  to  be  adequate  for  a 
class  of  one  hundred  and  forty.  There  were  planned  ten  other 
laboratories  for  research  and  advanced  work  in  electro-chem- 
istry, metallurgical  chemistry,  water,  fuel  and  gas  analysis  and 
agricultural  chemistry.  Dynamos  in  the  building  manufac- 
ture power. 

THE  CONFERENCE  ON  THE  AMERICAN  COLLEGE 

The  program  of  the  Centennial  further  brought  to  Mead- 
ville  a  notable  company  of  distinguished  guests,  the  leaders  of 
higher  education  in  various  sections  of  the  land.  The  pur])ose 
of  a  two  days'  session  was  to  consider  the  spirit,  the  function, 
the  problems  and  the  future  of  the  College  of  Liberal  Arts  in 
America.  Eleven  addresses  were  nuide,  the  si)eakers  being  the 
Commissioner  of  Education  for  the  United  States,  seven  well- 
known  presidents,  the  dean  of  America's  oldest  university,  and 

[  575  ] 


HISTOKY   OF  ALLI^GHENY   COLLEGE 

two  heads  of  (le])artiiieiits  in  leading'  iiistitutioiis,  east  and 
Avest,  respectively. 

The  plans  for  this  important  svnijtosiuni  and  the  selection 
of  the  i-ei)resentative  participants  evidenced  tlie  efficient  snper- 
vision  of  l*resident  Crawford.  It  was  a  brilliant  gathe)'in<>-  and 
a  permanent  record  of  it  has  been  preserved  in  a  volnme  edited 
by  the  head  of  Alleji;heny  and  entitled  ''The  American  (^ollege". 
By  tlie  terms  of  tlie  invitation  the  fornm  was  free  and  open, 
yet  with  all  the  various  angles  from  which  the  discussion  pro- 
ceeded, there  was  an  impressive  agreement  in  certain  cardinal 
tilings. 

The  conference  began  with  the  topic  of  what  shall  the  col- 
lege teach.  I'rofessor  Paul  Shorey,  of  Chicago,  advocated  the 
claim  of  the  classics;  Professor  Edwin  (i.  Conklin,  of  I'rince- 
ton,  that  of  science;  Dean  Charles  H.  Haskins,  of  Harvard, 
that  of  the  newer  humanities.  Each  deliverance  of  the  three 
was  irenic  in  spirit.  Tl)e  evolution  in  the  curriculum  of  tlie 
tyi)ical  liberal  college  i)rovides  fully  for  all  these  subjects. 
None  can  l)e  neglected,  none  are  overstressed.  each  is  the  com- 
])lement  of  its  fellows.  Xo  single  group  of  studies  is  sufficient 
for  an  education. 

in  the  linguistic  tiehl  tlie  pursuit  of  a  synthetic  classical 
language  was  said  to  give  that  technical  discipline  which  emi- 
nently de\elo]»ed  the  i»ower  of  tliought  and  expression.  "Lit- 
erary culture  resembles  travel  and  the  frecpientation  of  good 
society  in  lliat  it  ac(pniints  us  with  many  ideas  an<l  harmonizes 
them  not  by  the  goose-stej*  of  a  system,  but  through  the  give 
and  take  of  civilized  intercourse  and  the  adjustments  of  com- 
mon sense  and  right  Feeling." 

The  |»hysical  and  natnral  sciences  ]»ossess  both  cultural  and 
technical  worth,  but  in  the  estimate  of  Dr.  Conklin  the  cultiva- 
tion (»f  the  sciences  had  done  more  for  the  int(dlectual  than 
the  niatei-ial  intei-esls  of  iihmi.  The  chief  dilTerences  between 
ancient  and  m(»dern  life  are  dne  to  science.  As  one  of  the 
divisions  of  learning,  it  has  freed  the  stndeni  fi-om  the  slavish 
regard  foi-  anthority;  it  has  enlarged  the  Held  of  thought;  il; 
has   niagnilied    the   Io\'e  of   trnth,   by   i-eason    of   its    tirst-hand 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEdHEXY  (MJLLEOF 

appeal  lo  i)henoinena  aiul  its  insistence  upon  seein<"'  facts  as 
they  ai-e. 

Tlie  newel-  Imnianities,  namely  liistory,  economic,  ])olitics 
atul  s()(iol()i>-y,  were  described  by  tlie  Dean  of  the  nan'ar<l 
(Jradnate  Scliool  as  lioldinj*'  an  intermediate  ])lace  betwe(Mi  the 
oldei-  hnnianities  and  the  natnral  sciences.  Their  snbject 
matter  is  human,  while  their  method  is  scientitic.  They  are 
])ractical,  not  in  the  sense  of  leading-  to  a  livelihood,  bnt  as  pre 
]tarin<i'  for  life.  These  studies  which  have  come  into  the  col- 
lejie  curriculum  largely  in  the  ])ast  thirty  years  stir  the  iniaii,- 
ination,  train  the  judgment  and  enrich  the  understanding. 

"'Witli  the  loss  of  the  hold  of  tlie  classics  upon  modern 
students  as  the  basis  of  general  education,"  the  social  sciences 
afford  the  chief  o])])ortunity  to  furnish  the  background  and 
breadth  of  view  which  tlie  conceptions  of  culture  today  still 
demand.  "But  the  teaching  of  the  newer  hunuuiities  has 
been  too  cheap.  What  college  has  done  foi-  its  library  what  it 
lias  done  for  its  laboratories?  How  far  do  we  provide  in  the 
departments  of  history,  government  and  economics  the  same 
thoroughness  of  teaching  and  individualization  of  instruction', 
which  is  demanded  in  chemistry,  biology  and  physics?" 

The  ])lace  of  the  college  in  the  educational  system  was  dis- 
cussed by  I'resident  Kush  lihees,  of  the  I'niversity  of  Koch- 
ester,  in  his  address  on  "The  College  as  a  Preparation  for 
l*rofessioiial  Siudy;"  by  I'resident  Charles  F.  Tlnving,  of 
Western  Reserve  Univei-sity,  in  "The  College  as  a  Preparation 
for  ]*ractical  Affairs;"  and  by  President  Alexander  Meikle- 
johii,  of  Amherst  College,  in  "The  Function  of  the  College  as 
Distinct  from  the  I*rofessional  School  and  the  I'niversity." 

Along  with  the  modern  broadening  of  the  conception  of 
professional  education,  there  has  occurred  an  enrichment  ami 
wide  variety  in  college  training.  This  growth  was  a])])raised 
as  contributing  to  the  i)re])aration  for  ])rofessi<)nal  study  an 
intluence  for  intellectual  maturity.  Such  ecpiipment  consists 
of  "a  well-balanced  judgment,  a  sense  of  i)roportioii  in  the 
estimate  of  truth,  and  ability  to  see  facts  in  more  remote  a>' 
well   as  obvious  relations."     A  corollary  to  this  maturity  of 

[  -"^TT  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

niiiul  is  a  developed  instinct  against  rash  generalizations  and 
over-confident  conclusions. 

I'ractical  affairs  were  said  by  President  Tliwing  to  include 
those  powers  or  utilities  which  are  embodied  in  material 
forms.  Their  appeal  is  through  the  outer  senses.  The  ends 
of  the  practical  are  primarily  quantitative.  On  the  material 
side  the  oflice  of  the  college  is  "to  teach  one  to  think  clearly, 
to  appreciate  sympatlietically,  to  ai»]»ly  truth  usefully,  to 
work  thoroughly  and  to  enjoy  fully.'"  The  four  qualities  most 
needed  in  i»ractical  affairs  are  judgment,  energy,  tact  and 
])atience.  The  college  is  to  develop  these,  so  that  its  gradu- 
ates become  idealistic  nmterialists. 

I'resident  Meikeljohn  thought  the  only  possible  confusion 
of  the  college  today  was  with  the  professional  school.  He 
maintained  that  there  is  a  genuine  education  separate  from 
vocational  study.  Intellectual  culture  is  a  definite  content  to 
be  realized.  He  denie<l  that  positive  requirements  were  to 
be  found  in  the  professional  school  alone;  also,  that  the 
colonial  institutions  were  founded  as  ministerial  training 
schools.  The  early  liberal  training  made  men  of  ideas  and  of 
l»ower  in  various  fields. 

The  true  college  has  to  do  with  fundamental  and  human 
things  in  which  all  men  share.  Just  as  the  professional  school 
drills  the  student  in  the  task  he  is  to  perform,  so  the  liberal 
institution  must  teach  its  youth  to  understand  his  society, 
his  ])olitics.  his  nun-als.  his  i-eligions  aspirations  and  the  world 
of  nature  about  him.  This  is  a  vocati(Mial  function,  but  in 
the  dee]»er  relations  of  men.  "The  object  of  the  study  of 
liuman  living  is  thai  living  may  be  better  done.'" 

The  fear  was  sounded  bv  cei-tain  s]>eakers  that  the  vocatiojial 
idea  might  be  so  stress(Ml  as  t<»  become  utilitarianism.  In  th'i 
address  of  Pi-esident  W.  II.  I*.  Faunce,  of  Brown  University, 
the  thonght  ]»revailed  that  self-culture  divorced  fi-om  ])uri)Ose 
missed  the  mark.  As  lu*  discussed  "The  Scope  of  the  New 
lOngland  College,"  he  showed  that  the  religious  element  had 
held  a  i»i-edoniinant  place  and  that  its  relation  to  the  college 
is  just  as  vital  today,  though  it  is  expi-essed  in  new  ways. 
"The   o|»ening    of    the   eves    of    the    soul,    the    intellectual    and 

[   -'^   ] 


IIISTOKV   OF  ALLKdlllOXV   (:OLLK(JE 

spiritiiiil  i('l»ii-tli,  is  the  c'sseiitial  tliiiij;  in  the  e<lu(atioiiai 
l)i'<)eess.''  Soiiietliiiij;'  is  done  within  the  student  that  sonie- 
thin<i'  may  be  done  thron^li  him. 

Another  gi-onj)  of  i)aj)ers  treated  of  "Tlie  l*resent  Status 
and  I'rohahle  Future  of  tlie  ('olle<;e"  in  tlie  lOast,  the  Soutli 
and  the  West.  J'resident  dolin  11.  Finley,  of  the  University 
of  tlie  State  of  New  York,  spoke  for  tlie  East.  Standardiza- 
tion had  been  the  order  of  the  day.  The  content  was  pre 
scribed,  the  time-unit  defined.  The  ''Carnegie  unit"  put  in 
the  form  of  a  table  may  be  recited  thus: — 

4~i  minutes  make  an  "hour,"' 
r>  "hours"  make  a  "week," 

3()  "weeks"  make  a  "unit," 

15  '"units"  make  a  "matriculant," 
5   "matriculant"   hours    (for  one  yean    make  a  point  Oi' 
count. 

00  points  or  counts  make  a  degree. 

Into  these  new  foundations  of  learning,  new  disci])lines 
are  to  be  admitted  and  new  racial  acquisitions  assimilated. 
The  ideals  of  education  are  not  to  be  molded  by  pedagogists 
alone,  but  by  poets,  philosophers  of  science  and  many  others. 
"Tlie  college  of  the  future  is  to  be  for  the  many  (what  if  has 
been,  thank  God,  for  the  few),  for  all  the  iit  a  place  of 
understanding,  of  rebirth,  of  entering  into  the  race  mind." 

President  William  1*.  Few.  of  Trinity  College,  said  for 
the  South  that  its  choice  institutions  in  the  time  of  adversity 
had  stood  for  i-igid  ideals.  Now  in  the  new  growth  the  per- 
sonal element  in  education  is  lieing  strengthened.  Better 
instruction  rather  than  more  is  the  watchword.  The  teacher 
in  addition  to  meeting  the  test  of  scholarship  must  be  a 
person  of  ideas  and  power.  As  the  profession  comes  to  its 
true  dignity,  its  art  will  consist  not  only  of  the  training  of 
the  hands  and  the  mind,  but  of  the  s^haping  of  the  whole  per- 
sonality of  the  student. 

I'resideut  W.  F.  Slocum,  of  Colorado  College,  for  the  West 
acknowledged  tliat  the  East  had  given  to  it  the  ideals  of  piety, 
morality  and  learning  as  essential  for  the  i)ublic  weal.  Its 
purpose  had  been  to  discover  truth  by  scholarshi]*  and  train 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

men  for  service.  The  western  college  was  now  independent, 
snre  of  its  place,  and  devoted  to  its  tested  standards.  Seven 
institutions  were  named,  a  list  that  readily  could  be  dupli- 
cated, where  the  work  of  the  college  had  been  of  high  value 
in  their  respective  areas.  The  possibilities  of  future  service, 
however,  were  vastly  greater. 

Commissioner  1*.  1*.  Claxton  had  for  his  theme,  ''The 
American  College  in  the  Life  of  the  American  People."  Be- 
ginning with  Harvard,  the  needs  of  colonial  life  were  met  by 
a  steady  increase  of  institutions  through  the  decades.  By  the 
nineteenth  century  there  were  twenty-nine  foundations  that 
still  exist.  Then  in  twenty-five  years  the  nund)er  doubled. 
Allegheny  standing  fortieth  on  the  list.  Many  agencies  early 
and  later  have  co-oj)erated  in  the  creation  and  growth  of  the 
.seats  of  higher  learning. 

The  speaker  advocated  a  reorganization  of  the  college  of 
today  in  order  to  promote  a  higher  etticiency.  Let  ])repara- 
tory  schools  be  se]»arated,  the  standards  of  ;idmission  be  ke]»t 
high  for  the  sake  of  secondary  educations  and  many  institu- 
li<tns  Itecome  .Junior  Colleges.  "The  college  with  an  income 
<»f  h-om  fifty  lo  one  hundred  thousand  dollars  shotild  follow 
tlic  exam]»le  of  Allegheny  and  Amherst  and  liiiiit  themselve>- 
to  a  few  well  organized  groups  of  stibjects  and  thus  attain  a 
iiigher  degi-ee  of  excellence;  than  is  possible  in  the  di\ersifie<l 
cui-ricula  of  most  modern  colleges.  A  liner  and  better  s])irit 
would  jtervade  the  entire  school  and  the  results  obtained 
wonbl  be  m(«i-e  satisfactory  in  every  way  as  the  two  colleges 
i-eferred  to  have  already  demonsti-ated." 

The  sessions  of  the  ConCei-ence  wei-e  jjresided  over  l>y 
ri-esideiit  Harris,  of  XoiMhwestei-n  Cniversity;  Provost 
Smith,  of  Pennsylvania,  and  1  >r.  X.  C.  Schai'll'er,  Sui)erintend- 
eiil  of  I'eniisyh  ania  Public  Instruction.  At  the  conclnsion  of 
the  addresses,  there  was  held  in  l-'oi-d  .Memorial  Chapel  ;'. 
formal  rece]»li(»n  of  the  delegates  fi-om  the  various  colleges, 
uni\'ersities  and  societies.  lOngrossed  felicitations  had  come 
previously  fiom  ILirvard.  Cormdl.  Pennsylvania  and  other 
insi  itut  ions,  and  now  jtersoiial  congratulations  wei-e  extended 

I  r»so  1 


HlSTOliV  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

by   rlic  Jour  score  representatives  after  I'resideut  Crawfor<l 
had  <iiveii  a  brief  a(blress  of  welcome. 

The  guesis  were  I'resideut  ivobert  A.  Falconer,  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Toronto;  Mr.  -lohn  IJayniond  Grawfoi-d.  of  tlie 
American  College  in  Kome;  Professor  Henry  J'reserved  Smith, 
of  the  American  Oriental  Society;  IMiilander  1'.  Glaxton,  of 
the  American  Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science; 
I'rovost  Smith,  of  the  Academy  of  I'olitical  and  Social  Sci- 
ence; J'rofessor  Baldwin,  of  the  American  I'sychological  Asso- 
ciation ;  l*rofessor  Schlesinger,  of  the  American  Astronomical 
Society;  Mr.  W.  C.  Green,  of  the  American  Library  Associa- 
tion ;  I'rofessor  Anna  Garlin  Spencer,  of  the  American  Socio- 
logical Association ;  Dr.  E.  C.  Sage,  of  the  General  Education 
Board,  and  I'resideut  Charles  F.  Thwing,  of  the  ('arnegie 
Foundation. 

I'resideut s  Meikeljohn,  of  Andierst;  Faunce,  of  Brown; 
Murlin,  of  Boston ;  and  Howe,  of  Case  School  of  Applied 
Science;  Director  Hamerschlag,  of  Carnegie  Technical  Insti- 
tute; Presidents  Slocum,  of  Colorado;  Chamberlain,  of  Deni- 
son ;  Morgan,  of  Dickinson;  Hehir,  of  Duquesne;  Apple,  of 
Franklin  and  Marshall;  Stuart,  of  Garrett  Biblical;  Ormoud, 
of  (irove  City;  Brumbaugh,  of  -luniata;  McCracken,  of 
Lafayette;  Small,  of  Lake  Erie;  Plantz,  of  Lawrence;  Drinker, 
of  Lehigh ;  Pandell,  of  Lincoln ;  Southworth,  of  Meadville 
Theological ;  Spencer,  of  Morgan ;  McMaster,  of  Mt.  Union ; 
Harris,  of  NortliAvestern ;  King,  of  Oberlin ;  Granville,  of 
Pennsylvania;  Sparks,  of  Pennsylvania  State;  Swain,  of 
Swarthmore;  Aikens,  of  Susquehanna;  Sawvel,  of  Thiel; 
Few,  of  Trinity;  Kolbe,  of  University  of  Akron,  and  Finlay. 
of  University  of  State  of  New  York;  I'rovost  Smith,  of  Uni- 
versity of  I'ennsylvania ;  Chancellor  McCormick,  of  Univer- 
sity of  I'ittsburgh;  I'residents  Kichmond,  of  Union;  Omwake, 
of  Ursinus;  Breslich,  of  AYallace;  Hinitt,  of  Washington  and 
Jetferson ;  Shanklin,  of  AVesleyan ;  Thwing,  of  Western  Ee- 
serve;  Kelso,  of  Western  Theological;  Kussell,  of  AVest- 
minster,  and  Semple,  of  Wilson. 

Dean  Haskins  and  Professor  Baker,  of  Harvard ;  Profes- 
sor Sneath,  of  Y'ale;  Professor  Conklin,  of  I'rinceton;  Dean 

[  581  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

E{i:bert,  of  Columbia ;  Professor  Bevier,  of  Rutgers ;  Pro- 
fessor F.  T.  Stockton,  of  Indiana  University;  Professor 
Bacon,  of  Hobart;  Dr.  Tlionipson,  of  Kenyon ;  Dr.  Bolles,  of 
Haverford;  P^x-Chancellor  McCracken.  of  New  York;  Profes 
sor  Emma  Carr,  of  Mount  Holyoke;  Professor  F.  S.  Breed, 
of  Michigan ;  I'rofessor  Armstrong,  of  Ohio  Wesleyan ;  Dr.  E. 
H.  Sibley  and  Dr.  AY.  M.  Wilson,  of  Cornell ;  Professor 
Coulter,  of  Purdue;  Dean  Cora  Coolidge.  of  I'ennsylvania 
College  for  Women ;  Dean  Helen  McClintock,  of  Geneva ;  Pro- 
fessor Eliza  Kendrick,  of  Wellesley ;  Professor  E.  H.  Wilds, 
of  Dakota  Wesleyan ;  I*rofessor  Calderwoo<l,  of  Grove  City ; 
Professor  W.  J.  Lowstuter,  of  Ilitf  School  of  Theolog;\-;  I*ro 
fessor  C.  B.  Ridgway,  of  Wyoming;  I'rofessor  A.  G.  Fraden 
burgh,  of  Adelphi;  Mr.  John  W.  Beatty,  of  Carnegie  Insti 
tute;  I'rofessor  Randolph,  of  Clark  College,  and  Dr.  R.  S. 
Breed,  of  New  York  Agricultural. 

The  crowning  anniversary  exercises  occurred  Wednesday 
afternoon  in  the  Stone  Church.  The  academic  procession 
formed  on  the  campus.  The  line  of  march  proceeded  down 
Main  Street  and  it  was  a  brilliant  si)ectacle  with  the  many 
colored  hoods  of  the  academic  costumes.  Trustees,  Faculty 
and  Centennial  Class  and  alumni  were  in  the  ranks  as  this 
custom  of  early  years  was  revived  in  the  Commencemeni 
marcli  to  the  center  of  Meadville. 

President  Crawford  jiresided  at  the  church,  where  ad- 
dresses were  made  by  President  Robert  A.  Falconer,  of 
Toronto,  representing  foreign  nniversities;  by  ]*resident 
William  A.  Shanklin,  of  Wesleyan,  for  the  Colk'ges  of 
America;  by  Dean  Charles  H.  Haskins,  of  Harvard,  for  the 
Cniversities,  and  by  Cliancellor  McCracken,  for  the  Educa- 
tional Fouiwlations  and  Learned  Societies.  In  the  absence  of 
the  Governor  of  the  Comm(^»nwealth,  Sui»erintendent  Nathan 
C.  Schaeffer  l)rought  tlie  greetings  of  I'ennsylvania. 

A  letter  of  congratulation  Avas  rea<l  from  President  AYood- 
row  Wilsftn  and  a  telegram  was  received  from  Andrew  Car 
negie  with  the  sentiment  on  Alleglieny,  "Her  future  is  sure 
to  copy  fair  her  past."     Dean  Haskins  presented  the  official 

[   '><^4   ] 


iiisToKY  OF  ALLi:(iiii:.\v  ('()lli:(;k 

fclic-itatioiis  from  I'lvsideiit  J^owell,  of  Harvard,  a  part  of 
whoso  message  was  as  follows: 

"TIic  jtrohkMii  wliii-li  AlIegluMiy  lias  so)i<>;ht  to  solve  is  oik- 
of  the  most  important  and  most  difticnlt.  The  mission  of  the 
American  C()lle<;e  is  to  im])art  to  younj;'  ]»eoi)le  the  accumu- 
lated knowledji'e  and  the  established  traditions  of  the  race, 
the  thinjijs  man  has  found  worthy  of  rej!,ard.  The  i)roblem  of 
the  college  is  to  give  as  much  as  is  possible  in  the  few  years 
at  its  command  and  to  select  the  most  essential  subjects.  The 
jtroblems  for  all  are  in  the  main  alike,  and  an  advance  by  one 
is  a  service  to  all  the  others.  In  this  spirit  of  fellowshij)  in 
a  common  labor  for  the  jtublic  good  we  semi  our  greetings  on 
your  centenary,  our  gratitude  for  what  you  have  achieved 
and  our  fervent  wishes  for  your  prosperity." 

The  conferring  of  the  honorary  degrees  was  a  ceremony  of 
•leep  interest  to  tlie  large  au<lience.  The  Bachelor  of  Arts 
degree  was  given  nunc  pro  tunc  to  the  following  former  stu- 
dents: David  Jameson,  of  New  Castle,  Pa.;  Homer  C.  Craw- 
ford, of  Cooi»erstown,  I'a.;  Dr.  L.  E.  Tieste,  of  Brooklyn, 
X.  Y. ;  Dr.  J.  B.  Siggins,  of  Oil  City,  l»a. ;  John  B.  Ford,  of 
Detroit,  Mich.;  James  A.  Wakefield,  of  IMttsburgh;  Frederick 
I'almer,  war  correspondent;  James  11.  Mills,  of  Cleveland,  and 
Walter  Irving  Bates,  of  ^leadville. 

The  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws  Avas  conferred  upon  ^Ir. 
Andrew  Carnegie,  Bisho])  William  Burt,  of  Butt'alo;  Philan- 
<ler  P.  Claxton,  Commissioner  of  Education;  I'resident  W.  P. 
Few,  of  Trinity;  Director  A.  A.  Hamerschlag,  of  Carnegie 
Technical;  Dean  Charles  H.  Haskius,  of  Harvard;  President 
F.  W.  Ilinitt.  of  Washington  and  Jefferson;  Dr.  F.  C.  Howe, 
Commissioner  (leneral  of  Immigration;  Chancellor  J^.  B.  M<- 
Cormick,  of  the  University  of  Pittsburgh;  President  Alex- 
ander Meikeljolm,  of  Andierst;  Dr.  Thomas  Nicholson,  sei- 
retary  of  the  M.  E.  Board  of  ICducation;  I'resident  AV.  A. 
Shanklin,  of  AVesleyan;  President  W.  F.  Slocum,  of  Colo- 
rado; I'rovost  Edgar  F.  Smith,  of  University  of  Pennsylvania; 
President  F.  C.  Southworth.  of  Meadville  Theological  School, 
and  Miss  Ida  M.  Tarbell,  of  New  York. 

The  degree  of  Doctor  of  Letters  was  bestowed  upon   Pro- 

[  585  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

fessor  George  P.  Baker,  of  Harvard ;  the  Doctorate  of  Divinity 
upon  Rev.  Ernest  A.  Bell,  Rev.  Herbert  A.  Ellis,  Bishop  Rogers 
Israel,  Rev.  Mark  Kelley,  Professor  W.  J.  Lowstuter,  Rev. 
Wni.  S.  Mitchell,  Rev.  L.  L.  Swisher,  Rev.  T.  R.  Thobnrn, 
I{ev.  J.  J.  Wallace  and  Rev.  Paul  AVeyand. 

The  degree  of  blaster  of  Arts  was  given  to  Principal  Frank 
E.  Baker,  Superintendent  John  A.  Gibson,  Professor  Roger  H. 
Motten,  State  School  Inspector  James  G.  Pentz,  Miss  Julia 
Schoeufeld,  Mr.  Paul  Sturtevant,  and  Miss  Laura  Temple,  of 
Mexico,  all  graduates  of  Allegheny. 

Tlie  time  of  feasting  came  Wednesday  evening.  All  ol 
the  Greek  Letter  Societies  had  dinners  and  largely  attended 
reunions,  four  of  the  fraternities  each  having  one  liundred 
alumni  i)resent.  The  anniversary  dinner  was  tendered  by  the 
Trustees  of  Allegheny  to  the  delegates  of  American  educa- 
tional institutions  and  distinguished  guests. 

President  Crawford  was  the  gracious  toast-master  of  the 
occasion.  Several  messages  from  foreign  universities  Avere 
read  by  Hon.  Arthur  L.  Bates,  secretary  of  the  anniversary  com- 
mittee. Provost  lOdgar  F.  Snnth  responded  to  the  toast  of 
the  Institutions  of  the  first  half  of  the  Eighteenth  Century, 
and  Dean  J.  C.  l^gbert,  of  Colnnd)ia,  to  those  of  tlie  last  half 
of  til  at  century. 

J)r.  Baker  said  in  an  infornial  address,  tbat  the  ])ast  is  ex 
](lain('d  by  ])agcanli'y  so  as  to  make  Ihe  life  of  tbe  ]>resent  more 
sign!  Ilea  lit.  lis  service  to  the  undei-graduate  of  today  is  to 
awaken  his  riclier  imaginative  faculties.  "Having  lived  for  a 
year  with  that  deliglitfiil  cliai*acter,  Timothy  Alden,  the  man 
Avith  a  \ision,  1,  too,  had  a  vision.  It  is  that  some  day  in  this 
connti-y  w(*  shall  have  a  di*ama  which  will  exi»hiiii  1o  our  ])eo])le. 
everywhere  tlie  curiously  (•(tniplicated.  dillVring  life  that  we 
call  the  life  of  the  Ciiited  States." 

Dii-ectoi'  Haiiierschlag.  of  Carnegie  Te<hiiical.  spoke  of 
the  newer  ediua  t  ioiial  fonnda  t  ions  as  conti-ibut  iiig  to  Ihe 
ability  to  think  accni-ately  and  stimulating  the  imaginati\'(^ 
faculties.  The  modern  institution  is  able  to  borrow  from  ilu^ 
experience  of  all  lands  and  to  perfect  its  ser\ice  to  its  con- 
st itiieiicy  iiiid   its  age. 

[  r,SG  ] 


HhSTOKV   OF  ALLIOCIIKXV   ('()J.LE( JIC 

Dr.  10.  (\  Saji'e.  of  tlic  (ieiuM-al  lOducatiou  lioard,  made 
]>i'<>l»li(Mic  vv])\y  to  tlic  sent  iiiicnt  of  tlu^  ('()l]oj»-e  of  Toinorrow. 
lie  said  it  would  have  substantial  foundations  of  linancial 
sii])])ort.  It  will  be  a  ])arl  of  a  <'i-eat  system  of  education,  for 
in  a  generous,  informing;  rivali-y  with  <»thers  each  will  learn 
and  ])nrsue  the  mission  for  which  it  is  best   ada]Hed. 

The  fnture  collej^c  Avill  have  more  direct  connection  with 
the  needs  of  the  jx'ople,  so  that  its  teaching-  will  be  i-elated  to 
the  life  of  the  nation  as  naturally  and  as  intimately  as  the 
beautiful  ])aj;eant  of  yesterday  reflected  the  realities  of  tin? 
hundred  years  of  Allej!;heny.  ''Some  one  has  said  that  insti- 
tutions are  the  lengthened  shadows  of  j;reat  men.  The  shadow 
of  Tinnithy  Alden  is  now  upon  ns  here.  Yea,  and  the  length- 
ening' shadow  of  President  Crawford  will  fall  upon  our  suc- 
cessors and  they  Avill  renuMuber  the  work  of  the  past  quarter 
of  a  century." 


Alden  Hall  of  Biolopry  and  Geology 


[  5S7  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 


ADDENDA. 

E.  B.  Cunimings,  '62,  was  a  member  of  the  South  Dakota  Legis- 
lature; J.  ^\.  Dight,  '74,  served  in  the  Pennsylvania  Assembly,  and 
W.    F.    Hill.    '89,    in    the    Pennsylvania    Senate. 

Hon.  Samuel  Lord,  '5  8,  was  a  member  of  the  tirst  legislature 
in  .Minnesota  in  18  59.  He  was  District  Judge  for  several  years,  residing 
in  Faribault. 

Newton    .McConnell,    '5  5,    served  in    the    Confederate    Army;  A.    D. 

Norris,    '60,    was    an    officer    in    the  Third    Tennessee    Cavalry;  F.    A. 

Crawford,    '5  8,    and    P.    H.    Beesley,  64,    were    killed    in    battle,  wear- 
ing   the    gray. 

A.  J.  Knisely,  '56,  was  Captain  of  Co.  H,  145th  Reg't.,  Pa. 
Vol.;C.  W.  Foulke  was  Captain  of  Co.  I,  2nd  Pa.  Cav. ;  J.  Boyd  Espy  was 
Captain  of  Co.  I,  145th  Reg't.,  Pa.  Vol. 


ERRATA. 

Dr.   Thomas    R.    Kennedy,    named  on    page    l3    as  present   June    20, 
181 5,  died  in   1813. 

Ballantyne  on  page  240  instead  of  Ballentyne. 

1866  James  P.  Colter  on  page  280  instead  of  James  P.   Coulter. 


[  588  ] 


HISTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 


LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Page 

Rev.   Timothy  Aldeii    Frontispiece 

President  William  H.  Crawford Frontispiece 

Round   Top    1 

Major  Roger  Alden 4 

Testimonial  of  DeWitt  Clinton    1 1 

Port    of    Mead     12 

The  Log  Court  House 14 

The  Original   Subscription   List    16 

John   Reynolds    18 

Benefactors    of   Allegheny    19 

The    Meadville    Arsenal    22 

Facsimile  of  Minute   About   Seal    24 

Rev.    Robert   Johnston    26 

College    Advertisement   in    1818    27 

Bentley     Hall     28 

College    Seal    29 

William    Bentley    30 

Silhouette  of  Bentley    3  3 

Samuel   Lord,    Esq 3  5 

Bentley    Hall    in    Campus     3  8 

Isaiah    Thomas,    LL.    D 41 

James    Winthrop     44 

Letter   of  Thomas   Jefferson    48 

Commencement     Program    of     1821     51 

Timothy   John    Fox   Alden    5  2 

Thomas  Atkinson    5  5 

Rev.  Timothy  Alden 5  7 

First   Diploma    66 

The  Itinerant    67 

Madison  College 70 

Rev.   Charles   Elliott    71 

Augusta   College    73 

Meadville   in    the   Thirties    75 

Bishop    Roberts     78 

The    Roberts    Home    81 

Rev.    Martin    Ruter,    D.    D 86 

Court   House  of    183  5    93 

The  Lower   Ravine    96 

On    the   Canal    9  7 

The   Brick  Church    lOl 

Rev.    Alfred   Brunson,    D.    D 104 

Monument   to   Dr.    Ruter  in    1901    110 


[  589  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

President    Homer    J.    Clark     112 

Old-time    Camp    Ground    130 

Ivy-clad   Bell   Tree    13  2 

East  Side  of  Ravine  in   187  5    133 

Dr.  John  Barker 138 

Ruter  Hall 143 

Calvin  Kingsley 145 

The  Society  of  Seven  of  185  7    l5o 

The    Barker    Memorial    l52 

President    George    Loomis    lS4 

The   Campus   of  the   Seventies    l58 

Soldiers'    Monument   on   the    Diamond    159 

Gen.   Ira  Ayer,   Jr 162 

John  H.  Stuntz 176 

Cavalry    Broadside    179 

Farnsworth's    Charge    180 

The  Memorial  Boulder    188 

Bentley   Hall  in    1878    190 

Seal    Used    1860-1908    191 

Culver  Hall 193 

Miss   Williams,   '74    197 

President  L.   H.   Bugbee    201 

The   Faculty   of   1878 206 

Huling's  Hall 209 

President  D.   H.   Wheeler    212 

President   W.   G.    Williams    219 

Wilcox   Hall 223 

The  Oratory    22  5 

The  Gymnasium    229 

Newton   .Memorial   Observatory    23  4 

The  Library    23  7 

The  Methodist   Bishops  of   1907    241 

Alden    Hall    243 

Cochran    Hall    245 

The   Old  and  New   Chapels    254 

The  Door   Panel   of  Allegheny   Hall    25  5 

President     Ruter     261 

President   Clark    272 

Allegheny   Hall.    1886 276 

Wilcox   and   Hulings    289 

A   Popular  Path    290 

T.   Rustin   Kennedy    291 

Phi  Kappa  Psi   House 296 

Sion   B.   Smith 298 

F.   P.   Ray,  '62 300 

r   r,!l(l    I 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

Phi  Gamma  Delta  House 304 

E.  L.   Mattern,  '90    306 

"Modoc   Jim"    Eaton    312 

Delta  Tau  Delta  House    316 

Dr.  C.  W.  Miner 3  17 

Phi  Delta  Theta  House 320 

Dr.   R.   B.   Gamble    3  25 

Sigma   Alpha    Epsilon    House    328 

Alpha    Chi    Rho    House    3  30 

Miss  Bessie  Putnam    335 

Miss  Edith   Rowley 341 

Hulings  Hall  on  the  East    344 

Conneaut  Lake    345 

Bishop    Matthew    Simpson    3  46 

Professor  George  W.  Clark    349 

Dr.  Jonathan   Hamnett    35l 

Rev.   L.   D.   Williams    355 

Dr.    Wm.    Hunter    35  7 

Dr.    James    Marvin     3  59 

Jeremiah   Tingley,    Ph.    D 361 

Dr.  Ammi  B.  Hyde    3  63 

Professor   C.    W.    Reid    366 

Professor  George   W.   Haskins    367 

Dr.    J.    H.    Montgomery    3  69 

Bishop    Napthali    Luccock    3  72 

Dr.    J.    W.    Thomas     374 

Professor    W.    T.    Dutton    3  7  5 

Dr.   W.   A.    Elliott    3  79 

Dr.  John  W.  Perrin 3  80 

The  Latter   Faculty    3  82-392 

Hulings  Through  the  Trees 392 

The  Ford  Memorial  Tower 3  93 

Judge   David   Derick^i^n    3  96 

Alexander  Bradley,   Esq     397 

Mr.  Durbin  Home 398 

Mr.  Frank  A.  Arter 400 

Mrs.    Sarah    B.    Cochran    40  7 

Rustic    Bridge   in    Winter    4  17 

The   Upper   Ravine      418 

The    Island 4l9 

Autograph  of  Lafayette 420 

Fort  Black 423 

Circle  of  Pines — Lyre  Tree    426 

The  Seven  Sisters — Hand  of  Knowledge    428 

Class    of    1880    Stone     431 


[    --^^l    ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

Campus  Stockholders 433 

Basket  Ball  Squad 438 

A  Field  Meet 439 

Sun    Dial   of  '99    442 

Old  Apple  Tree    443 

Gov.    F.    H.    Pierpont    444 

Hon.   James   A.    Gary    44  5 

Where   McKinley    Lived    447 

Hon.    Arthur    L.    Bates     453 

Judge  John  J.    Henderson    45  7 

Judge    F.    J.    Thomas    4  59 

Judge  John    W.    Kephart    460 

Judge   T.    J.    Prather    461 

Grave  of  Bishop    Kingsley    467 

Bishop   J.   M.   Thoburn    468 

Bishop    M.    C.    Harris    470 

Dr.    W.    F.    Oldham    4  71 

Dr.  Albert  L.  Long 473 

Dr.  C.  B.  Mitchell 480 

Dr.  Alexander  Martin    500 

Col.  J.  B.  Weaver 504 

Dean  Frank  O.   Marvin    505 

Dr.   Ida  M.   Tarbell    520 

Dr.   F.  C.  Howe 522 

Frederick    Palmer    524 

Mr.  J.   W.    Kinnear    527 

.Mr.  A.  W.  Thompson    5  29 

Mr.   Paul  Sturtevant 531 

Dr.    Ernest  A.   Bell    532 

Lake   George   in    1888    540 

Pageant   Poster    5-ii 

The  Stone  Church 542 

To    Montgomery    Field    545 

Tablet  to  Dr.   Wheeler    5  52 

The  McKinley  Tablet 5  5  1 

Memorial  of  Professor  Dutton    535 

Site  of  the  Pageant    557 

The   Old  Block   House    5  60 

Hickman    as    Alden     561 

(>)rnplanter    and   Guide    563 

Laying  of  Corner  Stone  of  Bentley 564 

Presentation  of  Flag  to  Company    568 

(Carnegie  Hail  of  Chemistry    575 

Delegates  to  the  Conference  on  the  College    582-3 

Alden    Hal!   of   Biology    587 

[    -i>l^    1 


IlISTOKV   OF  ALIJOCilllOXY   COLLEGE 


INDEX 

Aldeii,   Roger,  A,  6,   16,   5  8,  3  94. 

Aiden,  Timothy,  early  career,  6-13;  apotheosis,  566;  cult  of  246-7;  esti- 
mate of,  64-6,  546-7;  missionary,  56;  personal  charactertistics, 
56-S;  president,  15,  25,  37,  39,  47,  49,  5o,  58-64. 

Alden,  T.  J.  Fox,  25,  5l,  52,  135,  255. 

Alden  Hall,   243,   254. 

Alleghany  Magazine,   20. 

Allegheny  College,  charter,  20-22,  198;  amendments,  403;  by-laws, 
401;  church  patronage,  77-85,  closed,  58,  59,  13  1;  prospectus, 
61,  83-4;  State  aid,  22,  40,  5  6,  89,  ll5,  124;  seal,  24;  policy,  612, 
216,   227-8,   254. 

Allen,    R.   T.   P.,    118,    125,    35o,   421. 

Allison,   W.    B.,    140,    446. 

Alumnae,   5  3  8-540. 

Alumni,  in  politics,  443-54;  on  the  bench,  454-60;  lawyers,  460-6; 
missionaries,  467-477;  clergy,  477-499;  in  education,  499-515;  in 
medicine,  5l5-9;  in  literature,  519-26;  in  business,  526-31;  in 
social  service,   531-4;  engineering,   534-7. 

Alumni  association  and  reunions,  13  5,  l55,  194,  199,  208,  231,  236, 
242-3,    544-5,    571-3. 

Arter,   Frank  A,   182,   229,   238,   248,   253,   399. 

Athletics,   222,  231,  240,  436-9. 

Augusta  College,    73,   88. 

Ballantyne,  James  A.,   237,   240,  485. 

Barker,  John,  early  career,  137;  professor,  123,  13  1;  president,  139-50; 
appreciation,    l5l,   153;  memorial,    l52. 

Bascom,  Henry  B.,  69-71,    125. 

Bates,  Hon.  Arthur  L.,  405,  452,  585. 

Battelle,  Gordon,   109,   123,  477,  478,  483. 

Bentley  Hail,  architecture,  38,  39;  cornerstone  laid,  3  5-8,  erection,  39, 
40,  56,  116;  in  the  Forties,  123;  alterations,  244;  tablets  in,  247, 
551-6. 

Bentley,  William,  linguist,  3  1;  his  library,  12,  33,  40,  48;  diary,  10,  3  1, 
4  5 ;  trustee,  32;  will,   3  3. 

Best,  Wesley  B.,  405. 

Best,  Dr.   M.   Blanche,   2  3  0,   5  3  9. 

Biblical  Department,   14  7-8,198,  411. 

Blaisdell,  T.  C,   5o7-8. 

Board  of  Trustees,  its  presidents:  Jesse  Moore,  394;  Henry  Shippen, 
60,  79,  89,  95;  Joseph  Morrison,  76,  77,  3  79;  David  Derickson, 
53,  83,  155-6,  196,  395-7;  Alexander  Bradley,  193,  202,  234,  397; 
Durbin  Home,  234-5,  248,  397-8;  members:  John  Reynolds,  l5. 
16,  23,  74,  131,  395;  David  Dick,  56,  74,  131,  403-4;  Samuel  Lord, 


[   593    ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

23,  34,  79;  Thomas  Atkinson,  20,  55,  56;  H.  J.  Huidekoper,  13, 
40,  273;  John  McFarland,  404;  F.  P.  Ray,  300,  405;  alumni  election 
of  trustees,  251-2;  alumni  trustees,  403. 

Brunson,  Alfred,  78-9,  94,  104-5. 

Bugbee,  Dr.  Lucius  H.,  early  career,  202;  administration,  203-11, 
builds  Rulings  Hall,  208-10;  appreciation,   211-13. 

Burton  Jabez,  259,  472. 

Carnegie,  Andrew,  242,  244,  255,   5  75,   585. 

Carter,  John  J.,  406. 

Catalogue,   113,   192,  207. 

Centenary  Fund  Society,  120,   126,   147,  194,  195,  200,  214,  227,  249. 

Centennial  Celebration  of  I9l5;  alumni  gatherings,  542,  544,  571-3; 
alma  mater  exercises,  5  4  5-551;  anniversary  of  June  20,  181 5, 
543-4;  Sabbath  services,  542-3;  the  historical  pageant,  556-571; 
conference  on  the  American  college,  575-580;  delegates  from  insti- 
tutions, 581-4;  anniversary  exercises,  584-5;  conferring  of  de- 
grees,  585-6;  anniversary  dinner,   586-7. 

Chemistry:  first  professor,  '61,  laboratory,  '62;  equipment,  117,  122, 
409;  Wilcox  Hall,  223;  Alden  Hall,  254;  Carnegie  Hall  of  Chem- 
istry, 254,  5  74;  success  of  graduates,  5l5. 

Church  patronage:  Pittsburgh  M.  E.  Conference,  76,  11;  articles  of 
agreement,  75,  77,  401-2;  reports,  102,  106,  114,  116,  120;  sup- 
port urged,  121;  funds  held,  131,  210,  230;  Erie  M.  E.  Conference, 
105,    128-9,   210;  educational  rallies,   204,   214. 

Civil  engineering:  first  professor,  118;  Calvin  Kingsley,  125;  reorgani- 
zation, 217;  coming  of  Professor  Dutton,  222;  growth  of  depart- 
ment, 227,  413-4;  its  function,  416,   572. 

Civil  War  Period:  student  enlistment,  160-3,  179,  iSl;  engagements, 
169-78;  Phi  Kappa  Psi  in  the  war,  183-4;  individual  records,  185-6; 
soldiers'  memorial,   186-9. 

Clark,  Homer  J.,  72,  74,  83,  84,  109;  early  career,  111-3;  presidency, 
114,  117-121,  132-5;  originates  perpetual  scholarship  plain,  126-8; 
financial  success,  129-132;  personal  characteristics,  113,  132,  136; 
estimate,    13  6. 

Clarke,  George  W.,   loi,   ll3,   134,   148,  348-50. 

Cobern,  Camden  M.,  24  5,  3  86-8. 

Cochran,  Mrs.  Sarah  B.,  242,  244,  246,  25  1,  253,  4o6. 

College  Company,   163-178. 

Colter,  James  P.,  280,  405,  5  5  3. 

Commencements,  25,  50-l,  94,  101-2,  123,  194,  199,  207,  216,  242, 
246,   248,    544. 

Coston,  Zerah  H.,  74,  76,   122,  128. 

Courier,  The  Meadville,  76,  79. 

(jravvford.  President  William  H.;  training,  226;  executive  program,  22', 
228,  230,  236,   240,   245,  250;  crises  of  administration,   229,  23  5, 

[  594  ] 


IIISTOllY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

250;  influence  with  alumni,  students  and  patrons,   23  1,   233,   247; 
financial  successes,   229,   234,   238,   242,   244,   253;   new  buildings, 

229,  234,   235,   236,    243,   244,    254;  scholastic   growth,    227,    229, 

230,  239,    242,    245;   appreciation  of  labors,   226,    240,    244,    250, 
254,    286. 

Crow,   Moses,    109,    123,    135,    354. 

Culver,  C.  V.,   194-6. 

Culver  Hall,    192-3,   195,   213,   424. 

Curriculum,  27,  84,  216,  242,  252;  course  of  study  in  1823,  408;  in 
1829,  408;  in  1853,  410;  scientific  department,  410,  411-4; 
engineering,  118,  216,  413,  416;  Biblical  department,  147,  239, 
411;  classics,  55,  l4o,  221,  409;  modern  language,  l9l,  221, 
242,  412-3,  421;  electives,  413;  the  schools,  412;  group  system, 
414-5;  entrance  requirements,  415,  post-graduate,  413-;  depart- 
ment statistics,  4  l  7. 

Day,  Dr.  E.  W.,  5 16. 

Deming,  W.  C,  524. 

Dick,  Col.  S.  B.,  160,  238,  242,  404,  451. 

Doering,   Dr.  C.  H.,    118,   472-3. 

Donations:  books,  18,  19,  33,  34,  43,  58,  208;  buildings,  l4l,  208,  223, 
233,  235,  236-7,  254;  land,  34,  92,  l57,  242,  254;  from  the 
State,  22,  40,  56,  89,  116;  money,  16,  17,  18,  53,  56,  58,  141, 
147,  194,  198,  208,  223,  229,  234,  235,  238,  242,  244,  25l,  253, 
254;  produce,  63;  class  gifts,   441. 

Dutton.  W.  T.,  222,  227,   255,   374-9,  414,   554-6,   572. 

tberhart,  John  F.,   l5o,  244,  254,  502. 

Education;  lack  of  State  support,  54,  123;  indifference  of  Methodist 
patronage,  121-5;  exhortation  of  Dr.  Durbin,  73-4;  rebuke  of 
Homer  J.  Clark,  127;  the  Allegheny  philosophy  of,  118;  confer- 
ence on  American  college,  574-581. 

Elliott,    Charles,    71,    97-8,    102. 

Elliott,   William   A.,   221,   224,   228,   379,    380,    551. 

Ellis,   Dr.  A.  C,   205,   405,   429,   494,    525. 

Endowments,  Roberts  Professorship,  80,  102;  Kramer  Professorship, 
147,  198;  Bradley  Chair  of  Latin,  i95,  207;  Kingsley  Professor- 
ship, 204;  Chamberlain  Bequest,  159,  l98;  Alumni  Professorship, 
200,  227,  23  3;  Lucy  Lindley  Endowment,  223;  Francis  Asbury 
Arter  Professorship,  239;  Eliza  Kingsley  Arter  Professorship,  239; 
James  M.  Thoburn  Professorship,  23  9;  Half  Million  Endowment. 
250-3;   President's  Chair,   253. 

Enrollment,  in  1821,  49;  in  1833,  85,  99,  103,  113,  119,  13  1,  133, 
140,    158,    199,    205,    211,    217,    230,    240,    253-4. 

Erie  Conference,    105,    120,    l')5,    252,    349,   467,    488,    497. 

Expenses,  student,   27,   ^)9,    135,   149,   203. 

Faculty:  F.  C.  Morey,  230,  382;  Dean  Spaulding,  230,  382;  E.  A.  Smith, 

[  rm  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

230,  247,  254,  382-5;  H.  K.  Munroe,  230,  383;  C.  F.  Ross,  224, 
230,  239,  384;  A.  C.  Knudson,  239,  384;  F.  C.  Lockvvood,  239, 
384-5;  R.  S.  Breed,  239,  254,  385;  G.  A.  Mulfinger,  242,  385-6; 
H.  E.  Wells,  239,  241,  586;  C.  J.  Ling,  245,  388;  O.  P.  Akers,  242. 
388;  R.  E.  Lee,  389;  G.  E.  Suavely,  245,  389,  390;  C.  A.  Darling, 
254,  390;  C.  E.  Hammett,  390;  F.  G.  Henke,  391;  C.  E.  Decker, 
391;  S.  S.  Swartley,  391-2;  Karl  A.  Miller,  392,  5  72;  R.  C.  Ward, 
392. 

Finances,  15-18,  26,  35,  42,  43,  56,  80,  97,  103,  114.  116-7,  141,  148. 
195,    227,    238,    242,    244,    249-251,    253. 

Finney,   D.   A.,    123,    163,   450. 

Flood,   Dr.   T.   L.,    246,   249,   404. 

Ford,  J.  B.,  253,  585. 

Ford  Memorial  Chapel,   235,   237,   241,   249,   545,   580. 

Founder's  Day,  24  7-8,  441. 

Fraternity  Houses,  217,  295,  302-3,  3l4,  316,  318-9,  327-8,  329. 

(}ary,  Hon.  James  A.,  140,  14  1,   l53,  445-6. 

Goff,   Dr.   M.   B.,   213,   215,    502-3. 

Greek  Letter  Societies:  Phi  Kappa  Psi,  291-9;  Phi  Gamma  Delta,  299- 
307;  Delta  Tau  Delta,  308-16;  Phi  Delta  Theta,  317-22;  Sigma 
Alpha  Epsilon,  322-8;  Alpha  Chi  Rho,  328-31;  Kappa  Alpha  Theta, 
331-3;  Kappa  Kappa  Gamma,  333-337;  Alpha  Chi  Omega,  337-340; 
Alpha  Gamma  Delta,  3  40-2. 

Gymnasium,   220,   226,   228-9,   233,  438. 

Hagerty,  Dr.  J.   H.,   150,   236,   479,   574. 

Hamnett,  Dr.  Jonathan,  109,  119,  134,  i57,  200,  213,  215,  244,  263, 
350-4,   574. 

Harris,  Bishop  M.  C,  4  70-1. 

Hartshorn,  O.  N.,    150.   501. 

Haskins,  Dean  C.   H.,   507,   577,   581,   584-5. 

Haskins,  G.  W.,  200,   202,  215,  216,   280,  3  66-8. 

Heckel,  Dr.  E.  B.,  408,   5  16. 

Henderson,  Hon.  Harvey,   148,   l50,   183,  228,  404-5,  492. 

Henderson,  Judge  John  J.,   l83,  242,  300,  405,  458,  550. 

Heydrick,  B.  C,  434,  509,  5  5  2-3. 

Heydrick,  Judge  Christopher,  14  5,  149,  262,  4  5  5. 

Hill,  Dr.  .Moses,  193,  403,  4  78. 

Holliday,  Col.  C.  K.,   14  9,  5  26. 

Hogate,  Dean  E.  T.,   506. 

Honorary  Degrees,  25,  94,   123,  216,  585-6. 

Howe,   Dr.   F.  C,   5  21-3,    58  5. 

Howell,  Dr.  D.   W.,   4  79. 

Hulings  Hall,   208-10,   244. 

Hunt,   Sanford,    15  5,   4  78. 

Hunter,  Dr.   William,   72,   111,   149,   i5l,   198,  3  56-8. 


niSTOKY  OF  ALLEGHENY'  COLLEGE 

Hyde,  Dr.  A.  B.,   l57,   207,   215,   363-5. 

Johnston,  Rev.  Rob't.,   l5,   25,   26. 

Joint  Board  of  Control,  126,  196,  198-9,  216,  220-1,  251-2,  402-3. 

Kephart,  Judge,  460-1. 

Kingsley,  Bishop  Calvin,  109,  125,  134,  145-8,  194,  196,  198,  266-7, 
466-8,   488. 

Kinnear,  J.  W.,  405,  527-8. 

Library,  35,  34,  43,  46-9,  58,  63,  208;  catalogue,  48;  Alden's  Ideal,  49; 
placed  in  Bentley,  63;  reorganized,  208,  245;  new  buildings,  236- 
8,   527. 

Literary  Societies,  93,  102,  114,  123,  146,  205,  217;  Beth  Giniel  Lamed, 
255-7;  Allegheny,  257,  260,  262,  263,  265-6,  273-9,  284;  Philo- 
Franklin,  257,  260,  262,  266-8,  275,  277,  279-280,  284;  sub- 
jects of  debate,  268-270;  secretary,  264;  libraries,  273-5;  prize 
contests,  278-281;  inter-society  relations,  281-4;  Biblical  Society, 
285;  Ossoli,  285-7;  Athenian,  217. 

Long,  Dr.  Albert  L.,   149,   473-4. 

Loomis,  President  George,  early  career,  15  5-6;  appearance,  156;  ad- 
ministration, 156-8,  191-2,  198-9;  Politics,  157-191,  192-4,  196-9; 
estimate,  200. 

Lowndes,  Gov.   Lloyd,   23  2,   4  4  9,   45 1. 

Luccock,  Nathali,  215,  216,  372-3. 

McKinley,   William,  228,   424,   446-8. 

McKinney,  Rev.  David,  61,  62. 

Madison  College,  69-72. 

Manual  Labor  System,   59,  85,  90-2,  98-9,   133,   566. 

Marvin,  Dean  Frank  O.,  505-6. 

Marvin,  Dr.  James,    157,  200,   358-60,   501. 

Martin,   Alexander,    148,    157,    500-1. 

Martin,   Hon.   B.   F.,    141,    150,   208,   403,   451. 

Masons,  Western  Star  Lodge,   36,   3  7,    53. 

Mead,  David,  3,  83,  560,  562. 

Meadville,  settlement,  3,  4;  economic  status,  5,  105;  literati,  5,  83; 
the  "Black  Bear,"  75;  Torbett's  Hotel,  50,  119;  female  seminary, 
119;  population,  5,  105,  156;  support  of  college,  15-17,  120,  141, 
147,    157,    203,    229,    238,   253,    557,    570. 

Meadville  Arsenal,  21,  98. 

Meadville  Conservatory  of  Music,  216,  230. 

Meadville  Theological  School,  146. 

Messenger,  Crawford,   5,  13,   17,  20,  23,  36,  55,  256. 

Methodism,  in  American  education,  67-74,  193-4;  in  northwestern  Penn- 
sylvania, 82;  in  Meadville,  82-3,  196. 

Miles,  Dr.  J.  W.,  236,  405,  484. 

Military  training,  60-1,   156,  205-7,  218,  222,  232,  412. 

Miller,  Ephraim,   150,   502. 

[  r)07  ] 


HISTORY  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

Milliken,  Dr.  B.  L.,  515-6,  5  72. 

Miner,  George  S.,   475,    543,   572. 

Mitchell,  Dr.  C.  B.,  479-80,  485,  550-1. 

Montgomery  Field,   2  50,   25  4,   4  39. 

Montgomery,   Dr.  J.   H.,   207,   215-6,   241,   368-72. 

Mumford's  Meeting  House,  82-3. 

.Museums,  192. 

Nesbitt,  Dr.  S.  H.,   135,  479,  483. 

Newton  Memorial  Observatory,  23  3-4;  Capt.  D.  C.  Newton,    186,   23  3. 

Ninety,  class  of,  222,  544. 

Nutt,  Cyrus,    100,    106,   499-500. 

Oldham,  Dr.   W.   F.,   433,   471-2,   543. 

Organizations:  Christian  associations,   440;  department  clubs,   439-440; 

Delta  Sigma  Rho,  440;  Alpha  Chi  Sigma,  440;  The  Commons  Club. 

343;  Teutonia,   343-4. 
Original  Sermons,   141-2. 
Palmer,   Frederick,   434,   435,   523-4,   585. 
Perrin,  Dr.  J.  W.,  227,  230,  380-1,  434. 
Phi  Beta  Kappa,  238-9. 
Pickett,  Dr.  W.  C,   516-7. 

Pierpont,  Gov.  J.  H.,  106,  119,  158,  226,  443-5. 

Pittsburgh   Conference  Journal,    71,   98,   102,    108,    125,    127,    142-3. 
Pittsburgh   M.   E.  Conference,   69,    7  5,    120,  session  in  Meadville,   7  5-8; 

educational  committees,    102,   117,    121,   147;  alumni,  482-8. 
Prather,  Judge  T.  J.,  461-2. 
Preparatory  Department,  83-5,   139,    140,    199,  205,   239-40,   242,   248, 

254. 
Publications,   205,    226,    232-3,    275;  anonymous,    432;  Campus,   432-4; 

Literary  Monthly,   4  3  4-5;  Kaldron,   4  3  5,    "Allegheny  Stories,"   4  3  5. 
Reynolds,  William,   ll3,  199,  233,  243,  258,  263,  277,  526. 
Richmond,   Hon.   H.   L.,   404,   450. 
Roberts,   Bishop  Robert,   75,   78,  81,   82. 
Ruter,    President   Martin,    68,    73,    79,    84-110;   early   career,    71,    85-9; 

presidency,  93-108;  personality,   103,   107;  mission  to  Te.xas,   108- 

9;  death,    109;  influences  on  curriculum,  4  10. 
Ruter  Hall,    141-4,   203,   235,   431. 
Science,   61,    117,    118,   140,    192,   220,   252,   254. 
Shippen,  Dr.  Rush,    123,  4  78. 

Simpson,  Matthew,   72,  94,    106-7,    1 1 7,    122,    196,  34  5-8. 
Southworth,  Dr.  F.  C,  5o6-7,  586. 
Stephenson,  Dr.  F.  B.,  5  7  5. 

Student  Life,   9l,    119-20,    139,    144,    152,   205,   232,   248-50,   419-441. 
Sturdevant,   Paul,    530-1,   5  70. 

Tarbell,  Dr.  Ida.  208,  236,  406,   520-1,   54  5-50,   585. 
Temple,  Miss  Laura,   475,   543,    573,    586. 

[  r.i>,s  ] 


IIISTOKV  OF  ALLEGHENY  COLLEGE 

Thoburii,  C.  R.,  5o7. 

Tlioburn,  Bishop  James  M.,  148,  l5o,  204,  248-9,  405,  408-70,  543, 
573. 

Thoburn,  Dr.  J.  ^\.  Jr.,   363,   481,  486,  493-4. 

Thoburn,  Jubilee,  248-9. 

Tliomas,   F.  J.,   4  5  9. 

Thomas,   Dr.  J.   W.,   221,   239,   3  73-4. 

Thomas,  Isaiah,  9,   3  4,  3  5,  25  5. 

Thompson,  Arthur  W.,   374-9,  406,  4  16,   529-30,   554-6,   573. 

Tipton,  T.  W.,  446. 

Tuition,    17,   27,   62,   99,    114,   210,   227,   254. 

Twining,   W.  S.,   222,   4  14,    534-5. 

Weaver,  Col.  J.  R.,  179,  183-4. 

Wheeler,  Dr.  David  H.,  early  career,  213;  presidency,  213-8,  221-4; 
professorate,  218-21;  appreciation,  224,  memorial  tablet,   552-3. 

Whipple,  Wayne,  205,   519-520. 

Wilcox  Hall,  223,  226. 

Williams,  Dr.  W.  G.,  207,  213,  215-221,  506;  early  career,  218-9;  presi- 
dency, 219-21. 

Winthrop,  James,   25,   31,  43-47. 

Women,   admission  of,    196-7,    199;  dormitory,   204-5,    208-10. 

Worthinjrton,  Judge  N.  E.,   149,   228,   45  1,  456. 

Woodring,  Dr.  T.   H.,  405,  484. 


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